64,200 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 189
Telephone system:
general assessment: NA
domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections
between exchanges
international: country code - 376; landline circuits to France and
Spain
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 0, FM 1, shortwave 0 (easy access to radio and television
broadcasts originating in France and Spain) (2007)
Television broadcast stations:
1 (2007)
Internet country code:
.ad
Internet hosts:
23,421 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 98
Internet users:
59,100 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 168
Transportation ::Andorra
Roadways:
total: 270 km (1994)
country comparison to the world: 203
Military ::Andorra
Military branches:
no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra (2008)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 18,685 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 18,617
females age 16-49: 17,613 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 402
female: 373 (2009 est.)
Military - note:
defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Transnational Issues ::Andorra
Disputes - international:
none
page last updated on October 28, 2009
======================================================================
@Angola (Africa)
Introduction ::Angola
Background:
Angola is rebuilding its country after the end of a 27-year civil
war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the
Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by
Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace
seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but
fighting picked up again by 1996. Up to 1.5 million lives may have
been lost - and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter century
of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and
strengthened the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS held
legislative elections in September 2008, and announced plans to hold
presidential elections in 2009.
Geography ::Angola
Location:
Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia
and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Geographic coordinates:
12 30 S, 18 30 E
Map references:
Africa
Area:
total: 1,246,700 sq km
country comparison to the world: 23
land: 1,246,700 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Land boundaries:
total: 5,198 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of
which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province),
Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
Coastline:
1,600 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate:
semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry
season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Terrain:
narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m
Natural resources:
petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold,
bauxite, uranium
Land use:
arable land: 2.65%
permanent crops: 0.23%
other: 97.12% (2005)
Irrigated land:
800 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
184 cu km (1987)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 0.35 cu km/yr (23%/17%/60%)
per capita: 22 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
Environment - current issues:
overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to
population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical
rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical
timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of
biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and
siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of
the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
People ::Angola
Population:
12,799,293 (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
Age structure:
0-14 years: 43.5% (male 2,812,359/female 2,759,047)
15-64 years: 53.7% (male 3,496,726/female 3,382,440)
65 years and over: 2.7% (male 153,678/female 195,043) (2009 est.)
Median age:
total: 18 years
male: 18 years
female: 18 years (2009 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.095% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Birth rate:
43.69 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8
Death rate:
24.08 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
Net migration rate:
1.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Urbanization:
urban population: 57% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 180.21 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 1
male: 192.24 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 167.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 38.2 years
country comparison to the world: 223
male: 37.24 years
female: 39.22 years (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate:
6.12 children born/woman (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
2.1% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
190,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
11,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping
sickness)
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)
Nationality:
noun: Angolan(s)
adjective: Angolan
Ethnic groups:
Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European
and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Religions:
indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998
est.)
Languages:
Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 67.4%
male: 82.9%
female: 54.2% (2001 est.)
Education expenditures:
2.4% of GDP (2005)
country comparison to the world: 159
Government ::Angola
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Angola
conventional short form: Angola
local long form: Republica de Angola
local short form: Angola
former: People's Republic of Angola
Government type:
republic; multiparty presidential regime
Capital:
name: Luanda
geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 14 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela,
Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene,
Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico,
Namibe, Uige, Zaire
Independence:
11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
Constitution:
adopted by People's Assembly 25 August 1992
Legal system:
based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; modified to
accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21
September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and
head of government
head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21
September 1979); Antonio Paulo KASSOMA was named prime minister by
MPLA on 26 September 2008
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by universal ballot for a five-year
term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under
the 1992 constitution; President DOS SANTOS was selected by the
party to take over after the death of former President Augustino
NETO(1979) under a one-party system and stood for reelection in
Angola's first multiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next were
to be held in September 2009 but have been postponed)
election results: Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI
40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was never
held leaving DOS SANTOS in his current position as the president
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats;
members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 5-6 September 2008 (next to be held in
September 2012)
election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 81.6%, UNITA
10.4%, PRS 3.2%, ND 1.2%, FNLA 1.1%, other 2.5%; seats by party -
MPLA 191, UNITA 16, PRS 8, FNLA 3, ND 2
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court and separate provincial courts (judges are appointed
by the president)
Political parties and leaders:
National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Ngola KABANGU];
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA
(largest opposition party) [Isaias SAMAKUVA]; Popular Movement for
the Liberation of Angola or MPLA (ruling party in power since 1975)
[Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS]; Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo
KUANGANA]
note: nine other parties participated in the legislative election in
September but won no seats
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita
Henriques TIAGO, Antonio Bento BEMBE]
note: FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of
Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with
the government in August 2006
International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory),
ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,
ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer),
OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU,
WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKITE
chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156
FAX: [1] (202) 785-1258
consulate(s) general: Houston, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Dan MOZENA
embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of
Luanda), Luanda
mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda;
pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place,
Washington, DC 20521-2550
telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000
FAX: [244] (222) 64-1232
Flag description:
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered
yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a
cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle);
red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols
characterize workers and peasants
Economy ::Angola
Economy - overview:
Angola's high growth rate is driven by its oil sector, which has
taken advantage of high international oil prices. Oil production and
its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Increased oil
production supported growth averaging more than 15% per year from
2004 to 2007. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of
displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction
and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is
still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war.
Remnants of the conflict such as widespread land mines still mar the
countryside even though an apparently durable peace was established
after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002.
Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the
people, but half of the country's food must still be imported. In
2005, the government started using a $2 billion line of credit,
since increased to $7 billion, from China to rebuild Angola's public
infrastructure, and several large-scale projects were completed in
2006. Angola also has large credit lines from Brazil, Portugal,
Germany, Spain, and the EU. The central bank in 2003 implemented an
exchange rate stabilization program using foreign exchange reserves
to buy kwanzas out of circulation. This policy became more
sustainable in 2005 because of strong oil export earnings; it has
significantly reduced inflation. Although consumer inflation
declined from 325% in 2000 to under 13% in 2008, the stabilization
policy has put pressure on international net liquidity. Angola
became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and in late 2007 was assigned a
production quota of 1.9 million barrels a day, somewhat less than
the 2-2.5 million bbl Angola's government had wanted. To fully take
advantage of its rich national resources - gold, diamonds, extensive
forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will
need to implement government reforms, increase transparency, and
reduce corruption. The government has rejected a formal IMF
monitored program, although it continues Article IV consultations
and ad hoc cooperation. Corruption, especially in the extractive
sectors, and the negative effects of large inflows of foreign
exchange, are major challenges facing Angola.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$112.8 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
$100.5 billion (2007 est.)
$82.94 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$84.95 billion (2008 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
12.3% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
21.1% (2007 est.)
18.6% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$9,000 (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
$8,200 (2007 est.)
$6,900 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 9.2%
industry: 65.8%
services: 24.6% (2008 est.)
Labor force:
7.569 million (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 85%
industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA
Population below poverty line:
40.5% (2006 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Investment (gross fixed):
9% of GDP (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148
Budget:
revenues: $28.99 billion
expenditures: $21.44 billion (2008 est.)
Public debt:
15.5% of GDP (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
12% of GDP (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
12.5% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
12.2% (2007 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
19.57% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 8
19.57% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
12.53% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 25
17.7% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$8.446 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 47
$4.153 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$10.41 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 50
$7.216 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$7.893 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 76
$1.166 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca),
tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish
Industries:
petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite,
uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing;
food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship
repair
Industrial production growth rate:
14.3% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1
Electricity - production:
3.722 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
Electricity - consumption:
3.173 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production:
2.015 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
Oil - consumption:
64,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
Oil - exports:
1.407 million bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
Oil - imports:
28,090 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
Oil - proved reserves:
9.04 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
Natural gas - production:
680 million cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
Natural gas - consumption:
680 million cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008)
country comparison to the world: 204
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
Natural gas - proved reserves:
269.8 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
Current account balance:
$17.11 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
$9.402 billion (2007 est.)
Exports:
$66.3 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
$44.4 billion (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish
and fish products, timber, cotton
Exports - partners:
China 33%, US 28.7%, France 6%, South Africa 4.6%, Canada 4.1% (2008)
Imports:
$17.08 billion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
$13.66 billion (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts;
medicines, food, textiles, military goods
Imports - partners:
Portugal 17.6%, China 15.7%, US 11.3%, Brazil 7.6%, South Korea
6.8%, South Africa 4.8% (2008)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$18.36 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
$11.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$14.09 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
$8.357 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$16.36 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
$14.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$2.477 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
Exchange rates:
kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 75.023 (2008 est.), 76.6 (2007), 80.4
(2006), 88.6 (2005), 83.541 (2004)
Communications ::Angola
Telephones - main lines in use:
114,300 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 141
Telephones - mobile cellular:
6.773 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 74
Telephone system:
general assessment: system inadequate; fewer than one fixed-line per
100 persons; combined fixed line and mobile telephone density
exceeded 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2008
domestic: state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until
2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services
poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first
private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network;
Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993
and the network has been extended to larger towns; a
privately-owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations
in 2001
international: country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC
fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and
Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2008)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 21, FM 6, shortwave 7 (2001)
Television broadcast stations:
6 (2000)
Internet country code:
.ao
Internet hosts:
3,508 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 139
Internet users:
550,000 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 105
Transportation ::Angola
Airports:
192 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 32
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 30
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 162
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 32
914 to 1,523 m: 78
under 914 m: 46 (2009)
Pipelines:
gas 2 km; oil 87 km (2008)
Railways:
total: 2,764 km
country comparison to the world: 61
narrow gauge: 2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)
Roadways:
total: 51,429 km
country comparison to the world: 78
paved: 5,349 km
unpaved: 46,080 km (2001)
Waterways:
1,300 km (2008)
country comparison to the world: 55
Merchant marine:
total: 6
country comparison to the world: 128
by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll
on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 1 (Spain 1)
registered in other countries: 6 (Bahamas 6) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe
Military ::Angola
Military branches:
Angolan Armed Forces (FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola,
MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana,
FANA) (2009)
Military service age and obligation:
22-24 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript
service obligation - 2 years; Angolan citizenship required (2009)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 2,856,492
females age 16-49: 2,755,864 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,467,833
females age 16-49: 1,411,468 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 146,738
female: 143,478 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
5.7% of GDP (2006)
country comparison to the world: 13
Transnational Issues ::Angola
Disputes - international:
Cabindan separatists continue to return to the Angolan exclave from
exile in neighboring states and Europe since the 2006 ceasefire and
peace agreement
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 12,615 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
IDPs: 61,700 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPs
already have returned) (2007)
Illicit drugs:
used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western
Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa
page last updated on November 11, 2009
======================================================================
@Anguilla (Central America and Caribbean)
Introduction ::Anguilla
Background:
Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was
administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the
island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated
into a single British dependency along with Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a
revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was
formally recognized in 1980 with Anguilla becoming a separate
British dependency.
Geography ::Anguilla
Location:
Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic
Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Geographic coordinates:
18 15 N, 63 10 W
Map references:
Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
total: 91 sq km
country comparison to the world: 226
land: 91 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
about one-half the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
61 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Climate:
tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Terrain:
flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Elevation extremes: