her first seven steps [Greek: he heptabematizousa]; to the west, the
high priest praying before the rods, one of which, by blossoming, will
designate the future husband of Mary.
43. On the eastern wall, to the north of the main entrance into the
church.--The Apostle Peter with the keys in his hand.
_The Third Bay_
44. In the lunette over the main entrance to the church.--Theodore
Metochites on his knees offering the church to Christ seated on a
throne. The legend [Greek: ho ktetor logothetes tou gennikou Theodoros
ho Metochites].[544]
[Illustration: PLATE XCI.
_Sebah and Joaillier._
(1) S. SAVIOUR IN THE CHORA. MOSAIC REPRESENTING THE REGISTRATION OF
JOSEPH AND MARY AT BETHLEHEM.
_Sebah and Joaillier._
(2) S. SAVIOUR IN THE CHORA. MOSAIC REPRESENTING THEODORE METOCHITES
OFFERING THE CHURCH TO CHRIST.
_To face page 326._]
45. In the western lunette.--Mary receiving purple and
scarlet wool to weave in the veil of the temple.
46. In the vault.--On the east, Mary admitted to the Holy of
Holies when three years of age, lest she should go back to
the world; on the west, the procession of maidens escorting
Mary to the temple.
47. The third transverse arch.--To the east, Mary in the
temple receiving bread from the archangel Gabriel; to the
west, Mary in the temple receiving instruction.
48. On the eastern wall, to the south side of the main
entrance to the church.--The Apostle Paul.
[Illustration: FIG. 115.--MODEL OF THE CHURCH OF S. SAVIOUR IN THE
CHORA.]
The scenes represented on these mosaics are not peculiar to this church,
but are a selection from cycles of subjects which from the eleventh
century became favourite themes for pictorial treatment on the walls of
important churches in the Byzantine world. Several of these scenes are
found portrayed also at Daphni, Mistra, S. Sophia at Kiev, in the
churches of Mt. Athos, on diptychs and manuscripts,[545] as well as in
the chapel of the arena at Padua. The cycle of subjects taken from the
life of Mary was developed mainly in Syria, and Schmitt[546] goes so far
as to maintain that the mosaics of the Chora are copies of Syrian
mosaics executed by a Syrian artist, when the church was restored in the
ninth century by Michael Syncellus, who, it will be remembered, came
from Syria.
Kondakoff assigns most of the mosaics to the Comnenian restoration of
the church by Maria Ducaena in the eleventh or twelfth century. One of
them at least, the Deesis, has survived; and there may be others of that
period, for, as that mosaic proves, the narthex of the church was
decorated when the church was restored by that benefactress of the
Chora. But the testimony of Nicephorus Gregoras,[547] of Theodore
Metochites,[548] and the date marked on the scene representing the
miracle of the wine at Cana, on the right of the figure of Christ over
the door leading from the outer to the inner narthex, prove these
mosaics to be as a whole the production of the fourteenth century. And
this conclusion is confirmed by their unlikeness to mosaic work in the
twelfth century, and by their affinity to other work of the same
character done in the fourteenth century.[549]
In fact, the mosaics in the Chora represent a remarkable revival in the
history of Byzantine art. They are characterised by a comparative
freedom from tradition, by closer approximation to reality and nature,
by a charm and a sympathetic quality, and by a scheme of colour that
indicate the coming of a new age and spirit. Curiously enough, they are
contemporary with the frescoes of Giotto at Padua (1303-1306). But
whatever points of similarity may be detected between them and the work
of the Italian artist, or between them and the Italian school before
Giotto, should be explained as due to a common stock of traditions and
to the simultaneous awakening of a new intellectual and artistic life in
the East and the West, rather than to any direct influence of one school
of art upon another. The mosaics of the Chora are thoroughly
Byzantine.[550]
The Frescoes in the Parecclesion:--
1. Round the apse: Six Fathers of the Church (only one
figure remains, and that badly damaged. No names are
inscribed).
2. In the vault of the apse: a full-length figure of Christ
in a vesica dotted with stars. On either side are groups of
figures.
3. In the crown of the apse-arch: an angel in a medallion.
4. In the northern wall, next the apse: Christ with two
attendants; in the background a walled city.
The Eastern Bay.
On the northern wall:
5. Above the arched recess: two medallion heads of SS.
Sergius and Bacchus.
6. Portions of the figure of a warrior.
7. In the arch above Nos. 5 and 6: the Gate of Paradise.
8. In the centre, one of the cherubims on a pillar. On the
left hand, a multitude, painted on black background outside
Paradise; on the right, Paradise, a garden full of trees on
a white background. Here also are John the Baptist and a
figure, probably the Virgin and Child, on a throne, attended
by two angels.
[Illustration: FIG. 116.--PLAN OF THE PARECCLESION, INDICATING POSITIONS
OF ITS FRESCOES.]
On the southern wall:
8. A portion of the figure of an armed angel.
Above No. 8 and at the side of the window:
9. Two men carrying a bier or platform. In front of them a
third person giving directions.
10. In the arched recess: full-length figures of Andronicus
II. and his family. In the soffit of the arch, the head of
Christ in a medallion, with rays issuing from behind the
aureola.
11. and 12. In the spandrils above the recess: two heads in
medallions.
13. In the dome vault: the Last Judgment. Christ in judgment
fills the centre; behind Him are the twenty-four elders
seated on a long throne; farther back is gathered the
heavenly host.
[Illustration: PLATE XCII.
S. SAVIOUR IN THE CHORA. ARCHIVOLT ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE
PARECCLESION, WITH THE EPITAPH IN HONOUR OF TORNIKES.
_To face page 330._]
14. On the north-eastern pendentive: the Virgin and Child
in a Paradise, with trees on a white background.
15. On the south-eastern pendentive: the Mouth of Hell.
16. On the south pilaster of the dome: an armed angel.
17. Above that angel, on the arch: a man bearing the
Seven-Branched Candlestick, and beside him another man
bearing with both hands some object above his head, perhaps
the Table of Shew Bread.
18. On the northern pilaster: a warrior.
19. In the centre of the arch: the Head of Christ in a
medallion.
The Western Bay.
20. At the south-western corner where the wall is much
damaged, a saint.
21. Above No. 20, to the west of the window: Christ
appearing to His disciples.
22. To the east of the window, an indistinct scene, perhaps
the Entombment.
23. At the north-western corner: S. Samona.
24. A saint, not named.
25. Over the door two saints, one of whom holds a cross.
26. The northern archway: In the centre is the door to the
narrow passage between the parecclesion and the church. To
the left, Jacob's Ladder; to the right, Moses at the Burning
Bush. In the bush is a medallion of the Virgin and Child,
and from the bush an angel addresses Moses, who holds his
veil in his hand.
27, 28, 29, 30. In the pendentives of the dome: the Four
Evangelists sitting at desks.
31. The dome is divided into twelve segments by ribs, and is
pierced by twelve windows. Above each window is an angel
holding a spear, and below him is the legend 'Holy.' In the
crown are the Virgin and Child in a medallion.
32. A saint holding a small cross; below, in the south wall,
the archivolt with the epitaph to Tornikes above it.
33. A warrior saint with his sword and shield.
34. Above Nos. 32 and 33 on the arch, a figure, clad in a
white mantle and blue robe with a scroll in his hand, points
to an angel, who holds his drawn sword in the right hand and
the scabbard in the left hand, and seems to be attacking
several persons in the right-hand corner. Behind him is a
walled and fortified city, probably Jericho.
35. On the north wall: S. Eutadius.
36. The Adoration by the magi.
37, 38. On the west wall: the figures of two saints, not
named.
Epitaph in honour of Tornikes:--
[Greek: hosous an hathroizoi tis enthade krotous
nekrous ho tapheis exelenxei Tornikes,
ho tris aristeus e konstaulos megas,
hosper mimous, beltiste, pithekous leon.
hos, basilikon apotechtheis haimaton, 5
pareschen autois prosphye kai ton tropon.
poion gar ouk en aretes eidos pheron,
hos ho prepon hekaston ezetei chronos?
boulephoros d' oun, kai pro tes helikias
kai demagogos, kai krites en anchinous. 10
kai pros men echthrous taktiken epnei phloga,
keraunos on aphyktos autois athroois,
te de stratia patrikos epestatei,
phrouron ta koina, me klape to sympheron.
kedous de tychon eugenous kai kosmiou 15
kai basilikon proslabon authis genos
kai lampron hypodeigma pareis ton bion,
keitai monastes euteles en osteois.
helie kai ge kai teleutaioi krotoi.
penthei de mikrou pan to Rhomaion genos, 20
hoson per auton agnooun ou tynchanei.
all' o mone, zon kai methiston tas physeis,
ei pou ti kai peprachen auto me prepon
lysin paraschon ten Eden kleron didou.]
In line 7 the inscription reads *[Greek: phcron]* instead of [Greek:
pheron]; in line 23 *[Greek: propon]* for [Greek: prepon].
Good Friend! However many dead applauses (celebrities)
One may collect here,
The entombed Tornikes, who was thrice a foremost man or Grand
Constable,
Will put them to shame as a lion will put to shame mimicking apes.
He who was by birth of royal blood,
Presented also a manner of life conformed to that descent.
For what form of virtue did he not possess
Such as the fitting occasion demanded each?
Therefore he was a councillor before the usual age,
And a popular leader and an acute judge,
And upon enemies he breathed a strategic flame (such as military rules
required),
And was an irresistible thunderbolt upon their serried ranks.
He presided over the army like a father,
Guarding the commonweal lest any advantage to it should be stolen.
Contracting a highly-born and seemly marriage connection,
And securing thus again royal affinity,[551]
And leaving his life as a splendid example,
He lies a poor monk among bones!
O sun, O earth, O final applauses!
Well-nigh the whole Roman race laments him,
As much of it as is not ignorant of him.
But O only living One and transformer of natures,
If perchance he did aught that was not fitting for him,
Granting him pardon, give him Eden as his inheritance.[552]
[542] Diehl, _Etudes byzantines: Les mosaiques de Kahrie Djami_.
[543] An English translation of the Protoevangelium is found in the
Ante-Nicene Christian Library, vol. xvi.
[544] The remarkable head-dress he wears was given him as a special
distinction by the Emperor Andronicus II. Palaeologus. The poet Philes
(ode 41 in the appendix to vol. ii. of his works, lines 117-19) says
[Greek: phorounta chrysen erythran ten kalyptran hen doron auto
synanechonti kratos Anax ho lampros Andronikos paresche].
[545] A work reproducing, under the Pope's authority, the eighty-two
miniatures illustrating the _Life of the Madonna_, which was composed
by a monk James in the twelfth century (_Cod. Vatic. Gr._ 1162), is
announced (Danesi, Editore, Roma, 1911), with a preface and
descriptions of the miniatures by Cosimo Stornajolo. The miniatures
are said to rival those of the Greek Codex 1028 in the National
Library in Paris.
[546] _Op. cit._ pp. 134-41.
[547] i. p. 303.
[548] _Carmina_ (ed. Treu), A. 1004, 1039-1042; B. 322-334.
[549] Diehl, _Etudes byzantines: Les mosaiques de Kahrie Djami_.
[550] See on the whole subject, C. Diehl, in the Gazette des
Beaux-Arts, troisieme periode, tome 33, and in his _Manuel d'art
byzantin_, pp. 732-41; Schmitt in his monograph on the Chora;
Muehlmann, _Archiv fuer christliche Kunst_, 1886-87.
[551] Alludes to his marriage with a relative of the imperial family.
[552] In the translation I have been assisted by Sir W. M. Ramsay,
Professor Bury, and Mr. E. M. Antoniadi. The meaning of [Greek:
teleutaioi krotoi] is not clear. Various interpretations have been
suggested; to read [Greek: brotoi], mortals, instead of [Greek:
krotoi], and to construe [Greek: teleutaioi] adverbially, 'finally, O
mortals!'; to understand a reference to the judgment day, 'O applauses
given at the final judgment'; to take the phrase as equivalent to, 'O
celebrities at (or to) the very end of time'; to understand it as
signifying the eulogies actually given to the deceased by the poet.
Professor Tendes, of Athens, whom I thank for his courtesy in this
connection, suggests that the meaning is similar to that of the phrase
[Greek: ta teleutaia] in the modern Greek form of eulogy, [Greek:
ekame polla, alla ta teleutaia tou].... 'He did many things, but his
last performances!' (surpassed all his previous deeds). Here the
meaning would therefore be, 'O grandest achievements that men praise!'
CHAPTER XXV
THE DATING AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHURCHES
The dating of the Constantinople churches is a problem of great
difficulty, and, in the absence of documentary evidence, we must often
be contented with very indefinite suggestions. Many churches are known
to have been founded at dates which are evidently earlier than the
existing buildings, and have apparently been rebuilt at some later date
of which the record has been lost. Other churches are known to have been
'repaired,' and here the question of how far 'repair' means 'rebuilding'
is sometimes insoluble. Repair may mean simply a fresh coat of paint.
The architectural characteristics afford a certain clue, and the
following chronological scheme has been drawn up by their guidance:--
The pre-Justinian period is characterised by simple construction and
detail of a late Roman type. Of this we have one example--the basilica
of S. John of the Studion, founded about 463. The existing building
appears to be original.
The Justinian period commences with the beginning of the sixth century.
It is characterised by the development of the drumless dome on
pendentives. The plan is complicated, and the buildings are large in
comparison with those of later date. To this period belong SS. Sergius
and Bacchus (527 A.D.), the baptistery of S. Sophia, and the 'Great
Church' of S. Sophia itself. S. Andrew in Krisei and S. Saviour in the
Chora probably date from this period. The carved detail of the former
closely resembles that of SS. Sergius and Bacchus, and the plan of the
latter connects it with S. Sophia, Salonica (sixth century).
The Justinian period roughly includes the seventh century, and is
followed by a long decline, marked by the great iconoclastic controversy
which lasted almost until the middle of the ninth century. To this
period belongs S. Irene (740 A.D.). In plan it is a double-domed cross
church. In the arrangement of the dome-arches and galleries it resembles
S. Theodosia, whilst in the presence of a western gallery over the
narthex and in the number of columns in the 'nave arcade' it is like S.
Sophia.
The accession of Basil the Macedonian (867 A.D.) marks the beginning of
the second great period--the 'Basilian Renaissance.' We know that this
was a period of great religious activity, and though we have,
unfortunately, no known dates to guide us, the development of plan leads
us to place a group of churches in the ninth, tenth, and eleventh
centuries. These are S. Mary Pammakaristos, S. Mary Panachrantos, S.
Theodosia, S. Mary Diaconissa, and SS. Peter and Mark.
They are all churches of considerable size; S. Mary Diaconissa and S.
Theodosia being indeed large. They are characterised by the use of the
ambulatory and domed cross plans. The carving is coarse and the capitals
are of the clumsy Byzantine Corinthian type. The dome is raised on a
high drum in S. Mary Pammakaristos and S. Mary Panachrantos, though this
may be a later addition. The domes of the other three churches seem to
be Turkish. S. Mary Pammakaristos and the south church in S. Mary
Panachrantos are identical in plan with S. Andrew in Krisei, and it
would be possible to date them earlier had we any evidence whatsoever.
Unfortunately both have been very much altered.
S. Theodosia, S. Mary Diaconissa, and SS. Peter and Mark, taken in this
order, form a series showing the gradual disappearance of the galleries
and the evolution of the domed cross church into the 'four columned'
church of the next period.
The Myrelaion (919-945), if the present church is of that date, is an
unusually early example of this four-columned type. It is generally
considered that this plan type dates at the earliest from the eleventh
century. There is, however, no reason to believe that the church was
rebuilt later; it is a perfectly normal example of its class, and
nowhere is an early example more probable than in Constantinople. The
Myrelaion may accordingly be taken as marking the commencement of the
late Byzantine period in Constantinople.
The churches are now smaller; the gynecaeum, where present, is placed
over the narthex; the use of patterning in the brickwork of the
exterior, which occurs in some of the Basilian churches (_e.g._ the
cornice of S. Theodosia), now becomes important, and alternate coursing
in brick and stone is used with great effect. From this time onwards
narthexes were frequently added to the existing churches.
S. Saviour Pantokrator (1118-1143 A.D.) is the largest late church in
Constantinople, and is an unusually large church of its type. S. Saviour
Pantepoptes (1081-1118), S. Theodore, and S. John in Trullo, belong to
the same class. The last, with its circular dome and apse, is probably
the latest of the three. S. Thekla (1057-1059) and Bogdan Serai are
examples of hall churches of the same period.
The monastery of Manuel was founded in 829-842 A.D., but the building
believed to be the refectory is probably much later. As part of the
monastery it might, of course, have been built at any date subsequent to
the foundation of the House.
The architecture of the Sanjakdar does not correspond to the date of the
foundation of the monastery of the Gastria in the ninth century. The
building is certainly of late date, subsequent to the eleventh century.
Of the Balaban Mesjedi it is impossible to say anything. It is the
remnant of some Byzantine structure.
From 1204 to 1261, during the Latin Empire, we need not look for much
building in the Greek Church. Soon after the fall of that empire comes
the erection of S. Mary of the Mongols (1261-1282) and Monastir Jamissi
(1282-1328). In both cases the architectural character is what we should
expect. Following on this we have, in the fourteenth century, the
alterations made in S. Saviour in the Chora (_c._ 1300), and the
parecclesion of the Pammakaristos (_c._ 1315).
This was the last effort of pure Byzantine architecture in
Constantinople. During the hundred years preceding the Turkish conquest
in 1453 the gradually increasing pressure from the East put a stop to
all architectural schemes; the craftsmen and artists fled to Italy, and
there took their part in the great revival known as 'The Renaissance.'
SUGGESTED CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
Century.
V. S. John of the Studion, 463.
VI. SS. Sergius and Bacchus, 527-36.
S. Sophia, 532-37.
S. Saviour in the Chora (the Justinian foundation).
S. Andrew in Krisei.
VIII. S. Irene, 740.
S. Mary Panachrantos (South Church); possibly earlier.
S. Mary Pammakaristos; possibly earlier.
IX. S. Theodosia.
S. Mary Diaconissa.
SS. Peter and Mark.
X. The Myrelaion.
S. Mary Panachrantos (South Church).
XI. S. Thekla.
S. Saviour in the Chora (restoration in the reign of Alexius I.
Comnenus).
S. Saviour Pantepoptes.
S. Saviour Pantokrator.
XII. S. Theodore.
S. John in Trullo.
Refectory of the monastery of Manuel?
Bogdan Serai?
XIII. S. Mary of the Mongols.
Monastir Jamissi.
XIV. S. Saviour in the Chora, 1306. Final restoration by Theodore
Metochites. Parecclesion of the church of S. Mary
Pammakaristos, _c._ 1315. Sanjakdar Mesjedi (Gastria)?
Balaban Mesjedi?
CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHURCHES ACCORDING TO THEIR TYPE
_Basilica._--S. John of the Studion.
_Octagon._--SS. Sergius and Bacchus.
_Domed Basilica._--S. Saviour in the Chora.
_Ambulatory._--S. Andrew in Krisei; S. Mary Panachrantos (South
Church); S. Mary Pammakaristos.
_Domed Cross Church._--S. Irene; S. Theodosia; S. Mary Diaconissa;
SS. Peter and Mark.
_Four Column Church._--Myrelaion; S. Saviour Pantepoptes; S. Saviour
Pantokrator; S. John in Trullo; S. Mary Panachrantos (North Church);
Parecclesion of S. Mary Pammakaristos.
_Foiled Plan._--S. Mary of the Mongols.
_Halls._--Bogdan Serai; Central Church of the Pantokrator; Monastir
Mesjedi; Refectory of the monastery of Manuel; Parecclesion of
S. Saviour in the Chora; S. Thekla.
_Irregular._--Sanjakdar Mesjedi; Balaban Mesjedi.
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LIST OF EMPERORS
Constantine I. the Great 306-337
Constantius II. 337-361
Julian 361-363
Jovian 363-364
Valens 364-378
Theodosius I. the Great 378-395
Arcadius 395-408
Theodosius II. 408-450
Marcian 450-457
Leo I. 457-474
Leo II. 474-474
Zeno 474-491
Anastasius I. 491-518
Justin I. 518-527
Justinian I. the Great 527-565
Justin II. 565-578
Tiberius 578-582
Maurice 582-602
Phocas 602-610
Heraclius 610-641
Heraclius Constantine III.
and Heracleonas 641-642
Constans II. 642-668
Constantine IV. 668-685
Justinian II. 685-695
Leontius 695-697
Tiberius III. 697-705
Justinian II. (restored) 705-711
Philippicus 711-713
Anastasius II. 713-715
Theodosius III. 715-717
Leo III. the Isaurian 717-740
Constantine V. Copronymus 740-775
Leo IV. 775-779
Constantine VI. 779-797
Irene 797-802
Nicephorus I. 802-811
Stauracius 811
Michael I. Rhangabe 811-813
Leo V. the Armenian 813-820
Michael II. the Amorian 820-829
Theophilus 829-842
Michael III. 842-867
Basil I. 867-886
Leo VI. the Wise 886-912
Constantine VII. Porphyrogenitus 912-958
Co-Emperors
Alexander 912-913
Romanus I. Lecapenus 919-945
Constantine VIII. and Stephanus,
sons of Romanus I. reigned
five weeks in 944
Romanus II. 958-963
Basil II. Bulgaroktonos 963-1025
Co-Emperors
Nicephorus II. Phocas 965-969
John I. Zimisces 969-976
Constantine IX. 976-1025
Constantine IX. (sole Emperor) 1025-1028
Romanus III. Argyrus 1028-1034
Michael IV. 1034-1042
Michael V. 1042
Zoe and Theodora 1042
Constantine X. Monomachus 1042-1054
Theodora (restored) 1054-1056
Michael VI. Stratioticus 1056-1057
Isaac I. Comnenus 1057-1059
Constantine XI. Ducas 1059-1067
Michael VII. Ducas 1067-1078
Co-Emperor
Romanus IV. Diogenes 1067-1078
Nicephorus III. Botoniates 1078-1081
Alexius I. Comnenus 1081-1118
John II. Comnenus 1118-1143
Manuel I. Comnenus 1143-1180
Alexius II. Comnenus 1180-1183
Andronicus I. Comnenus 1183-1185
Isaac II. Angelus 1185-1195
Alexius III. Angelus 1195-1203
Isaac II. Angelus (restored),
Alexius IV. Angelus 1203-1204
Nicolas Canabus 1204
Alexius V. Ducas Murtzuphlus 1204
LATIN EMPERORS OF CONSTANTINOPLE
Baldwin I. 1204-1205
Henry 1205-1216
Peter 1217-1219
Robert 1219-1228
John of Brienne 1228-1237
Baldwin II. 1227-1361
BYZANTINE EMPERORS AT NICAEA
Theodore I. Lascaris 1204-1222
John III. Ducas 1222-1254
Theodore II. Ducas 1254-1259
John IV. Ducas 1259-1260
UNDER THE RESTORED BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Michael VIII. Palaeologus 1260-1282
Andronicus II. Palaeologus 1282-1328
Co-Emperor Michael IX. 1295-1320
Andronicus III. Palaeologus 1328-1341
John V. Palaeologus 1341-1391
Co-Emperor John VI. Cantacuzene 1341-1355
Manuel II. Palaeologus 1391-1425
John VII. Palaeologus 1425-1448
Constantine XII. Palaeologus 1448-1453
INDEX
Abaga, 274
Achaia, 273
Achilles, Abbot of the Studion, 40
Achmed, Mongolian Khan, 274
Achmed Pasha, 205
Achmed III., Sultan, 276
Achrida, 46
Acre, 228
Acritas, 39
Adrianople. _See_ Gate
Aecatherina, Empress, 47, 197, 295
Aetius. _See_ Church, Cistern
Agapetus, Pope, 184
Agatha, 197
Agathangelus, 302
Agatho, Pope, 67
Aivan Serai, 191, 207, 208, 209, 213
Akoimeti, 36, 37
Ak Serai. _See_ Forum of the Bous
Alexander, bath of, 88
Alexander, Patriarch, 85, 86
Alexius, Patriarch, 43
Alexius Strategopoulos, 228
Ali Atik Mustapha Pasha, 304
Alsace, 224, 226
Alti Mermer. _See_ Exokionion
Anastasia, daughter of Emperor Theophilus, 270
Andrew of Crete, 108
Andronicus Ducas, 295
Andronicus, son of Manuel II., 229
Anemodoulion, 245
Anna Comnena, 147
Anna Dalassena, 138, 139, 211, 212, 295, 297
Anna, wife of Andronicus II., 141
Anna of Savoy, wife of Andronicus III., 144, 303
Anna, wife of John VII. Palaeologus, 128
Anna, daughter of Emperor Theophilus, 270
Anselm, Bishop of Havalsberg, 220
Anthemius, 74
Anthimus, Saint, 291, 294
Antioch, 86, 290
Antony, Patriarch, 43, 69
Apocaucus, 144, 145
Aqueduct of Valens, 183, 184.
Arian, Arius, 85, 86
Armenia, Armenian, 10, 39, 258, 268
Arsenius, Patriarch, 110, 111, 112
Artavasdos, 293
Asia Minor, 1
Aspar. _See_ Cistern
Athanasius, Patriarch, 232
Athens, 258
Athos, Mount, 116, 185, 230, 258, 290, 301, 303, 326
Avars, 48, 232
Avret Tash. _See_ Column of Arcadius
Axuch, 221
Azerbaijan, 148
Babylas, Saint, 288, 294
Bactagius, 293
Baghdad, 69, 255, 272
Bagtche Kapoussi. _See_ Gate of the Neorion
Bajazet I., Sultan, 47
Bajazet II., Sultan, 49, 276, 304. _See_ Mosque
Balat, 148, 280
Baldwin, Count, 214
Baloukli. _See_ Pege
Baptistery of S. Sophia, 2, 78, 332
Bara, monk, 282
Bardas, Caesar, 44, 256, 270
Basil, Saint, 41
Belisarius, 67
Bertha, wife of Manuel I. Comnenus, 222
Beshiktash, 107
Bithynia, 30, 89, 294
Blachernae, district of, 106, 165, 191, 193, 209, 210, 213, 282.
_See_ Palace
Black Sea, 228, 272, 300
Bogdan Serai. _See_ Church
Bonus, 48
Branas, 303
Bucoleon. _See_ Harbour, Palace
Buda, 280
Bulgaria, Bulgarian, 257, 272, 295, 297
Byzantium, 84
Caesarea, 273
Cana, 327
Candidus, 192
Cantacuzene, Michael, 280
Capelli, 228
Carbounaria, district of, 244, 245
Cassandra, 230
Chalcedon. _See_ Council
Charabanda, 275
Charisius, 290, 291. _See_ Gate
Choirosphacta, 44
Christoboulos, 276
Christopher, son of Romanus I., 197
Chrysocameron, 199
Chrysostom, S. John, 91
Church, Chapel, Monastery, of--
_Note._--Under this head the references indicate only the passages in
which a church is mentioned outside the special chapter devoted to it.
S. Acacius, 199
Acritas, 40
Aetius, 255, 256, 259
S. Anastasia Pharmacolytria, 243
S. Anastasius, 184
S. Andrew the Apostle, 109
S. Andrew, near the Gate of Saturninus, 109
S. Andrew 'God-Intoxicated,' 109
S. Andrew in Krisei, 7, 8, 15, 30, 130, 150, 151, 186, 332, 333, 335,
336
S. Andrew Strategos, 109
S. Anthimus, 291, 294
Apostles, Holy, 3, 64, 90, 123, 124, 146, 147, 168, 175, 176, 184, 219,
233
Archangels, Syge, 316
S. Aristina, 106, 112
Balaban Aga Mesjedi, 334, 335, 336
Bogdan Serai, 10, 15, 23, 27, 28, 201, 282, 334, 335, 336
Bosra, 70
Cenopolis, 88
Crimean Memorial Church, 281
S. Constantine, 35
S. Constanza, 1
Daudatus, 183
S. Demetrius, Salonica, 32, 53, 75, 222
S. Demetrius, Kanabou, 148, 191, 192, 205
Dere Aghsy, 5
Dexiocrates, 165
S. Diomed, 109
S. Elias, Salonica, 10, 114, 116
Etschmiadzin, 10
Euphrosyne, Libadia, 270
Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, 291, 294
S. Fosca, Torcello, 247
Gastria (Sanjakdar Mesjedi), 10, 24, 28, 107, 334, 335, 336
S. George, Ezra, 78
S. George, Genoa, 229
S. George, Phanar, 149, 191
S. George, Psamathia (Soulou Monastir), 106, 177, 268
S. George, Salonica, 1
Homonia, 88
Hormisdas, 64, 68
S. Ignatius, 294
S. Irene, 11, 12, 15, 26, 53, 72, 84, 85, 333, 335, 336
S. John the Baptist, Hebdomon, 283
S. John the Baptist in Petra, 203, 255, 282
S. John Baptist of the Studion, 2, 11, 12, 29, 31, 107, 256, 258, 268,
303, 332, 335, 336
S. John the Baptist in Trullo, 15, 16, 28, 147, 281, 334, 335, 336
S. John Evangelist, Hebdomon, 297
Kallou, 297
Kefele Mesjedi. _See_ Manuel
S. Lorenzo, Milan, 78
S. Luke, Stiris, 11, 16
S. Mamas, 106, 107, 197
Manoueliou, 254
Manuel, 11, 28, 47, 64, 254, 334, 335
SS. Manuel, Sabel, Ishmael, 253
Mara, 255
S. Mark's, Venice, 3, 13, 224, 238, 246, 247
Kyra Martha, 123, 124, 128, 166, 167
S. Martin's, London, 289
S. Mary (Theotokos) of Blachernae, 193
S. Mary, Curator, 265
S. Mary Diaconissa, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 20, 26, 30, 31, 32, 306, 310,
333, 335, 336
S. Mary Eleoussa, 240
S. Mary Euergetes, 164, 165, 166, 167
S. Mary Hodegetria, 227. _See_ Eikon
S. Mary Koimesis, Nicaea, 7
S. Mary Kosmosoteria, 296
S. Mary of the Mongols, 10, 114, 116, 334, 335, 336
S. Mary Pammakaristos, 7, 12, 14, 18, 20, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 129, 130,
173, 175, 198, 201, 202, 205, 255, 281, 333, 335, 336
S. Mary Panachrantos, of Lips, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 151, 152, 243,
248, 333, 335, 336
S. Mary Panachrantos, near S. Sophia, 123, 125, 126
S. Mary, Pege, 177
S. Mary Peribleptos, 18, 35, 45, 50, 106, 177, 258, 268, 297
S. Mary of Vlach Serai, 280
S. Mary, Chapel, in SS. Sergius and Bacchus, 69, 70
S. Mary, 55
S. Michael the Archangel, 239, 291, 292, 294
S. Mokius, 166
Monastir Mesjedi, 10, 20, 262, 334, 335
Myrelaion, 14, 17, 47, 129, 333, 334, 335, 336
S. Nicholas, 207
SS. Nicholas and Augustine, 281
S. Nicholas, Methana, 278
S. Nicholas, Myra, 6
S. Paul, Rome, 289
SS. Peter and Mark, 5, 9, 12, 13, 16, 27, 185, 186, 333, 335, 336
SS. Peter and Paul, 63, 64, 65, 66, 191, 192
Protaton, Mt. Athos, 185
Saccudio, 38
Sanjakdar Mesjedi. _See_ Gastria
S. Saviour in the Chora, 10, 12, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 36, 107, 153, 186, 236, 240, 255, 256, 332, 335, 336
S. Saviour Euergetes, 1, 166, 167, 213
S. Saviour Pantepoptes, 9, 14, 18, 29, 141, 295, 334, 335, 336
S. Saviour Pantokrator, Mt. Athos, 290
S. Saviour Pantokrator, Constantinople, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 25, 26,
29, 31, 132, 153, 165, 166, 173, 215, 219, 244, 247, 270, 273, 295,
334, 335, 336
S. Saviour Philanthropos, 147, 148
Sepulchre, Holy, 118, 265
SS. Sergius and Bacchus, 2, 8, 11, 21, 23, 26, 30, 115, 332, 333, 335,
336
S. Sophia, Constantinople, 2, 5, 11, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21, 23, 26, 27,
29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 46, 47, 62, 63, 69, 71, 72, 74, 78, 84, 85,
88, 89, 90, 91, 97, 102, 111, 112, 117, 118, 122, 123, 126, 145,
146, 169, 175, 176, 185, 223, 227, 229, 231, 233, 243, 244, 293,
305, 306, 313, 314, 315, 332, 333, 335
S. Sophia, Kiev, 326
S. Sophia, Monemvasia, 18
S. Sophia, Salonica, 15, 102, 103, 310, 314, 315, 333
Soulou Monastir. _See_ S. George, Psamathia
S. Stephen, Triglia, 30
S. Symeon Stylites, 63
S. Thekla, 10, 28, 295, 334, 335, 336
S. Theodore, Athens, 244
S. Theodore the General, 244
S. Theodore (Vefa Meidan), 9, 14, 17, 19, 29, 31, 50, 73, 155, 334, 335
S. Theodore, Carbounaria, 244
S. Theodore, district of Claudius, 244
S. Theodore, in the Great Palace, 244
S. Theodore, district of Sphorakius, 244
S. Theodosia, 3, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 27, 28, 30, 114,
151, 156, 185, 186, 238, 283, 333, 334, 335, 336
Valens and Daudatus, 183
Vatopedi, 303
S. Vitale, 70, 72, 73, 75, 78
Cilicia, 221
Cistercian Abbey, 224
Cistern--
Aetius, 64, 255. _See_ Plate LXXVII. facing p. 262
Aspar, 253, 254, 256, 257
Bin-bin-derek (One Thousand and One Columns), 15
Mokius, 109, 166
Pulcheria, 131, 254
Studion, 48, 50, 54. _See_ Plate X. facing p. 54
Claudius, district of, 244
Colosseum, 33
Column of--
Arcadius, 109
Constantine the Great (Exokionion), 109
Constantine Ducas, 44, 126
Constantine Lips, 125, 126, 127
Constantine, Nobilissimus, 44, 45
Constantine Porphyrogenitus (son of Michael VIII.), 38, 110, 127
Constantine, son of Romanus I., 197
Constantine, Pope, 67
Cosmas, Patriarchs, 140, 141, 142, 143, 297
Council--
The Second Council, 87
Chalcedon, 66
Ferrara, 230
Florence, 230
First Concilium Trullanum, 67, 202, 293
Second Concilium Trullanum (Quinisextum), 202
Craterus, House of, 199
Crete, 108
Crusade, Fourth, 213, 224, 298
Cucusus, 87
Curator, district of, 264
Dandolo, Henrico, 213
Danube, 209
Daphni, 258, 326
Daphnusium, 228
Dedeagatch, 296
S. Demetrius, Eikon of, 222
Denderis, 269
Dere Aghsy, 4
Dexiocrates, district of, 165
Didymotica, 299
Dionysius, Monk, 48
Diplokionion, 107
Edirne Kapoussi. _See_ Gate of Charisius
Egri Kapou, district of, 209
Emperor--
Alexius I. Comnenus, 43, 146, 147, 211, 212, 220, 294, 295, 297, 335
Alexius II. Comnenus, 223, 224
Alexius V. Ducas Murtzuphlus, 213
Anastasius I., 63, 282
Andronicus I. Comnenus, 223, 224, 297
Andronicus II. Palaeologus, 37, 109, 110, 111, 128, 140, 141, 142, 143,
168, 230, 263, 275, 282, 299, 302, 303, 324
Andronicus III. Palaeologus, 128, 141, 263, 275, 299, 303
Baldwin I., 214
Baldwin II., 227, 228
Basil I., 68, 335
Basil II., 43
Basiliscus, 37, 88
Charlemagne, 41
Conrad of Germany, 222
Constans, 87
Constantine the Great, 1, 3, 84, 85, 101
Constantine V. Copronymus, 38, 90, 101, 108, 196, 293
Constantine VI., 38, 39, 41
Constantine VII. Porphyrogenitus, 44, 126, 197, 199, 247
Constantine IX., 46
Constantine Palaeologus or Dragases, 174, 176, 177, 230, 259, 260
Constantius II., 85, 86
Henry, 227
Heraclius, 48, 292
Isaac II. Angelus, 297, 303
Isaac I. Comnenus, 37, 47, 197, 209, 210, 295
John I. Zimisces, 303
John II. Comnenus, 138, 210, 219, 220, 221, 239
John V. Cantacuzene, 144, 229, 263, 297, 301, 302, 303
John VI. Palaeologus, 144, 192, 229, 297, 302
John VII. Palaeologus, 47, 128, 229, 230
Justin I., 63, 64, 67
Justinian I., the Great, 3, 37, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 73, 74, 75,
89, 97, 101, 102, 103, 184, 254, 288, 290, 291, 292, 332, 333
Justinian II., 67
Leo I. Macellus, 265
Leo III., the Isaurian, 89, 90, 101, 102, 164, 293
Leo V., the Armenian, 39, 68, 294
Leo VI., the Wise, 44, 90, 126, 247
Leopold I. of Austria, 191
Licinius, 246
Lothair the Great, 220
Manuel I. Comnenus, 85, 221, 222, 223
Manuel II. Palaeologus, 47, 229
Marcian, 36, 85
Maurice, 184, 197
Maximianus, 63, 246, 288
Michael I., 39
Michael II., 39, 68
Michael III., 69, 256, 269, 294
Michael V., 44, 45
Michael VII., 46, 47, 257, 295, 297
Michael VIII. Palaeologus, 47, 110, 127, 140, 228, 229, 272, 297, 298,
303
Nicephorus Botoniates, 46, 297
Nicephorus I., 39
Philippicus, 293
Phocas, 292
Romanus I. Lecapenus, 90, 196, 197, 199, 257
Romanus II., 197
Romanus III. Argyrus, 257
Theodore II. of Nicaea, 110
Theodosius I., the Great, 87, 196
Theodosius II., 36, 226
Theophilus, 68, 69, 199, 209, 253, 255, 256, 257, 269, 270
Valens, 183, 184
Zeno, 37, 88
Enos, 296
Ephesus, 47, 143, 222
Et Meidan, 244
Etschmiadzin, 10
Eubulus Hospice, 88
Eudocia, 91, 227
Eugenia, 230
Euphrosyne, daughter of Michael VIII. Palaeologus, 272
Euphrosyne, step-mother of Emperor Theophilus, 269
Euphrosyne, 270
Eusebius, Patriarch, 86
Excubiti, 292
Exokionion, 109
Eyoub, 106, 208
Ezra, 78
Factions, 88
Ferejik, 296
Ferrara, 230
Festus, 64
Fifth Hill, 137
Florence, 230
Forum of--
Bous, 164
Constantine the Great, 85
Philadelphium, 184
Tarus, 184, 245, 265
Fourth Hill, 244
Gabalas, 144, 145
Galata, 85, 107, 176, 228
Galbius, 192
Galla Placidia, 2
Garsonostasion, 89
Gate--
Adrianople (Edirne Kapoussi), 253, 254
Aurea. _See_ Golden Gate
Aurea, Porta, Spalato, 33
Aya Kapou. _See_ Gate of S. Theodosia
Beautiful Gate of S. Sophia, 69
Chalke (Bronze Gate), 164
Charisius, 265, 290, 304, 305
Dexiocrates, 165
Edirne Kapoussi. _See_ Gate of Charisius
Egri Kapou, 209
Eugenius, 111, 254
Golden Gate, 35, 109, 227
Gyrolimne, 263
Ispigas, 213
Jubali Kapoussi, 213
Koum Kapoussi, 62
Narli Kapoussi, 36, 48
Neorion, 254
Pege (Selivri Kapoussi), 106, 107, 228
Royal Gates of S. Sophia, 69
S. Romanus (Top Kapoussi), 262, 282
Saturninus, 109
Selivria. _See_ Pege
S. Theodosia (Aya Kapou), 164, 165, 212
Tchatlady Kapou, 62, 223
Xylokerkou, 107, 197
Xyloporta, 205
Yali Kiosk Kapoussi. _See_ Gate of Eugenius
Gatulazzo, 229
Gennadius, Patriarch, 146, 147, 158, 175, 201, 230, 231, 232
Genoa, Genoese, 228, 254
George Scholarius. _See_ Gennadius
Georgia, 148
Germanus, Patriarch, 293
Giotto, 327
Golden Horn, 91, 138, 146, 164, 166, 167, 191, 208, 209, 212, 213, 216,
219, 254, 280, 281
Goths, Gothic, 18, 29, 31, 34
Grammarian. _See_ John the Grammarian
Greece, 10, 11, 16
Gregoras, 44
Gregory of Nazianzus, 87
Gregory, Patriarch, 112, 113
Gregory, Pope, 298
Halki, Island of, 138, 220, 240
Harbour--
Bucoleon, 223
Heptascalon, 199
Hormisdas, 62
Hassan Pasha, 173
Hebdomon, 297
Helena, Empress, 268
Helena, wife of Constantine VII., 197
Heraclea, 144, 300
Hermogenes, 86
Hippodrome, 62, 63, 256
Hodegetria, Eikon of, 47, 227, 303
Holagu, 273, 274
Holy Well of Blachernae, 193
Holy Well of S. Nicholas, 207
Hormisdas, district of, 62. _See_ Harbour
Hormisdas, Pope, 64, 291
Horreum, 199
Humbert, Cardinal, 46
Hylilas, John. _See_ John the Grammarian
Ignatius, Patriarch, 90
Irene, Empress (mother of Constantine VI.), 38
Irene, daughter of Bardas, 270
Irene Ducaena, wife of Alexius I. Comnenus, 295, 297
Irene, wife of John II. Comnenus, 139, 219, 221, 239
Irene, wife of Andronicus II., 229
Irene, wife of Andronicus III., 128
Irene, wife of Manuel II., 230
Isaac, son of John II. Comnenus, 221
Isaac Sebastocrator, 295, 296, 297, 310
Isaac Palaeologus Asanes, 275
Isidore, Cardinal, 231
Ispigas. _See_ Gate
Janissaries, 91
Jannes, 68
Jerusalem, 265, 268
John Comnenus, Curopalates and Grand Domestic, 138, 139
John the Grammarian, Patriarch, 68, 69
Joseph, Abbot of S. Saviour Pantokrator, 222
Joseph, Bishop of Thessalonica, 39, 40, 43
Joseph, Patriarch, 230
Jubali Kapoussi. _See_ Gate
Julius VIII., Pope, 68
Juma Bazaar, 106
Kadikeui, 64
Kaffa, 258
Kalat-Seman, 63
Kan Kilissi. _See_ Church of S. Mary of the Mongols
Kasr ibn Wardan, 4
Kerularios, Patriarch, 46
Kesme Kaya, 203, 280, 282
Khaled, 207
Kiev, 231, 326
Kraal of Servia, 142, 143
Krisis, district, 6, 108
Kusr en Nueijis, 2
Kynegion, 293
Kyriakos, Patriarch, 184
Kyros, Patriarch, 293
Kyzlar Aghassi Hamam, Bath of, 199
Ladislas, King of Hungary, 219
Lascaris, John, 110
Latin, 38
Laura, Mount Athos, 258
S. Laurentius, 65
Lecanomantis, 68
Leomacellum, 244
Libadia, 270
Longophetes, Teutal, 280
Lovitz, 210
S. Luke, 227
Lycus, 122, 126, 244
Macarius, 230
Macedonius, Patriarch, 86, 87
Mahomet, 208
Maimas, 199
Makrikeui, 283, 297
S. Mamas, suburb of. _See_ Church
Manuel, General, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257
Maria, wife of Constantine VI., 38
Maria, wife of John VII. Palaeologus, 230
Maria Despoina of the Mongols, 229, 272, 273, 274, 275
Maria Ducaena, 295, 326
Maria Palaeologina, wife of Michael Ducas Glabas Tarchaniotes, 140
Maria, daughter of Isaac I. Comnenus, 197
Maritza, 296
S. Mark, Evangelist, 246
Marmora, Island of, 73
Marmora, Sea of, 36, 48, 62, 138, 146, 196, 224, 283
Maroulas, Phocas, 262, 263
Martin V., Pope, 230
Martin, Abbot, 224, 225, 226
Mecca, 113
Mehemed I., Sultan, 145
Mehemed the Conqueror, Sultan, 158, 175, 214, 232, 276, 277, 304
Menodora, 262
Methodius, Patriarch, 294
Metrodora, 262
Michael Glabas Tarchaniotes, 139, 140, 141, 155, 156, 157, 158
Michael Palaeologus Tarchaniotes, 140
Michael, Syncellus, 294, 326
Milan, 78, 118
Milion, 293
Minerva Medica, Temple, 1
Mistra, 326
Modius, 199
Moldavia, 203, 280, 281
Monemvasia, 16
Monferrat, Marquis of, 229
Mongols, Mongolian, 272, 274, 275, 334, 335
Moses, 68
Mosque, Achmed Pasha Mesjedi. _See_ S. John in Trullo
Aivas Effendi, 209
Mosque, Atik Mustapha Pasha Jamissi. _See_ S. Andrew in Krisei
Atik Mustapha Pasha. _See_ Church of SS. Peter and Mark
Balaban Aga Mesjedi. _See_ Church
Boudrom Jamissi. _See_ Myrelaion
Demirjilar Mesjedi, 122
Emir Ahor Jamissi. _See_ Studion
Eski Imaret Jamissi. _See_ Church of the Pantepoptes
Eski Jumah, Salonica, 53
Eyoub, 208
Fetiyeh. _See_ Church of the Pammakaristos
Gul Jamissi. _See_ Church of S. Theodosia
Hassan Pasha Mesjedi. _See_ Church of S. Theodosia
Hoja Mustapha Pasha Mesjedi. _See_ Church of S. Andrew in Krisei
Kalender Haneh Jamissi. _See_ S. Mary Diaconissa
Kahriyeh Jamissi. _See_ Church of S. Saviour in the Chora
Kassim Aga Mesjedi, 255
Kefele Mesjedi. _See_ Monastery of Manuel
Kurku Jamissi, 263
Kutchuk Aya Sofia. _See_ Church of SS. Sergius and Bacchus
Laleli Jamissi, 173
Monastir Mesjedi. _See_ Church
Odalar Mesjedi, 253
Phenere Isa Mesjedi. _See_ S. Mary Panachrantos
Rustem Pasha Jamissi, 27
Sanjakdar Mesjedi. _See_ Gastria
Shahzade Jamissi, 27, 183, 184, 199, 265
Sultan Bajazid, 27, 116, 117, 265
Sultan Mehemed the Conqueror, 122, 125, 265
Sultan Selim I., 27, 253, 254
Sultan Suleiman, 27
Sheik Suleiman Aga Mesjedi, 25, 270
Toklou Dede. _See_ Church of S. Thekla
Zeirek Kilissi Jamissi. _See_ Church of the Pantokrator
Mousikos, 44
Murad II., Sultan, 146
Murad III., Sultan, 148
Musmiyeh, 2
Mustapha Pasha, 113
Mustapha Tchaoush, 262
Mutasim, Caliph, 256
Myra, 6
Muzalon, 110
Naucratius, Abbot of the Studion, 40
Nestorius, Patriarch, 66
Nicaea, 7, 89, 110, 275
Nicene Creed, 85, 87
Nicephoras Gregoras, historian, 300, 301, 302
Nicetas, Eunuch, 199
Nicetas Stethetos, 46
Nicholas, Abbot of the Studion, 40
Nicholas, Patriarch, 90
Nicomedia, 86, 288, 291
Nika Riot, 63, 88, 101
Niphon, Bishop of Old Patras, 144
Niphon, Patriarch, 111
Nogaya, 272
Nymphodora, 262
Oaton, 202
Olympus, Mount, 294
Othman, 275
Oun Kapan, 219
Padua, 326, 327
Palace of--
Blachernae, 202, 209, 227, 228, 263, 282, 295, 298
Bogdan Serai, 203
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, 19, 27, 247, 256, 299, 305
Great Palace, 48, 64, 90, 164, 184, 201, 227, 228, 244
Hebdomon, 202
Hormisdas, 62, 65
Magnaura, 202
Mangana, 147
Myrelaion, 196
Nicaea, 202
Pege, 46
Placidiae Augustae, 67
Placidianum, 67
Tekfour Serai. _See_ Palace of Constantine Porphyrogenitus
Trullus, 202, 281
Palestine, 2, 268, 294
Palmyra, 3
Pantheon, 1
Parisis, 224, 226
Paphlagonia, 223
Patras, Old, 144
Paul, Patriarch, 86, 87
Pege, 46, 177
Pelagion, 293
Peloponessus, 229, 273
Perama, 85
Perigord, 3
Persia, Persians, 48, 232, 272, 275, 290
Petra, Palaia Petra, 282, 283
Petronas, 270
Phanar, 149, 173, 191, 253, 272
Philip, the Apostle, 126
Philip, Prefect, 87
Phocas Maroules, 262, 263
Photius, Patriarch, 43, 44, 90, 257
Piazzetta of S. Mark, 246
Plato, Abbot, 39, 40
Porphyrius, charioteer, 91
Praetorium, at Musmiyeh, 2
Praetorium, 88
Prince's Islands, 138
Prinkipo, 39
Priscus, 292
Proconessus, Island of, 111
Prote, Island of, 197
Prussianus, 257
Psamathia, 35, 106, 166, 167, 177, 258, 268
Pulcheria, Empress, 227
Pulcheria, daughter of Emperor Theophilus, 269, 270
Pulcheria. _See_ Cistern
Pyrisca, 220
Raoul, Protovestarius, 110
Raoulaina, Protovestiarissa, 110. _See_ Theodora
Raoul, 280
Ravenna, 2, 31, 32, 73, 75
Region I., 67
Region VII., 85
Rome, 1, 33, 34, 289
Rufinianai, 64
Russia, Russian, 40, 42, 48, 53, 272, 280, 303
Sabbas, 303
Salma Tomruk, district of, 253
Salonica, 1, 10, 15, 31, 32, 39, 53, 75, 92, 114, 116, 142, 312, 313,
314, 315, 333
Sampson, hospital of, 88, 89
Samuel, King of Bulgaria, 295
Sanjakdar Youkoussou, 277
Santabarenus, 44
Saracens, 207, 208, 232, 253, 255, 303
Saturninus. _See_ Gate
Scholarius. _See_ Gennadius
Scythicus, 299
Sebaste, 291
Selim I., Sultan, 113, 276
Selim II., Sultan, 173
Seraglio, 84, 91, 148, 296
Sergius, Patriarch, 257
Servia, 10, 272
Seventh Hill. _See_ Xerolophos
Sigma, 45
Simonis, daughter of Andronicus II., 142
Sirkiji Iskelessi, 35
Sixth Hill, 209
Sklerena, 46
Sophiai, 64
Sophronius, Abbot of the Studion, 40
Soulou Monastir. _See_ S. Mary Peribleptos
Sozopolis, 144
Spalato, 33
Sphorakius, 243, 244
Stephen, son of Romanus I., 197
Strategopoulos, Alexius, 228
Stiris, 11, 16
Studius, 35, 36
Suleiman, Sultan, 280
Syge, 316
Sykai, 85
Symeon, King of Bulgaria, 127
Synadenus, 263
Synnada, 72
Synod of Constantinople (in 536), 291
Synod of Constantinople (under Photius), 257
Synod of Sardica (in 347), 87
Syria, Syrian, 1, 2, 86, 290, 291, 326
Tamerlane, 51
Tarchaniotes. _See_ Michael
Taron, Prince of, 126
Tash Mektep, 262
Taurus Mountains, 221
Tchoukour Bostan, 109, 254
Tekfour Sarai. _See_ Palace
Teutal Lougophetes, 280
Thebes, Duchy of, 272
Thekla, daughter of Emperor Theophilus, 209, 270
Theoctista, 269, 270
Theoctistos, 256, 270
Theodora--
Empress of Justinian the Great, 62, 70, 73, 74, 75, 97, 102, 290
Empress of Emperor Theophilus, 40, 69, 255, 256, 269, 270, 294
Empress of Michael VIII. Palaeologus, 127
wife of Romanus I. Lecapenus, 197
Protovestiarissa, 110, 111, 112, 113
nun, 275
Theodore--
Abbot of S. Saviour in the Chora, 290, 291, 292
Abbot of the Studion, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43
son of Manuel II., 229
Theodore Metochites, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301
Theodosia, Saint, 164
Theodosius, Abbot of the Studion, 40
Theodosius de Villehardouin, Abbot of the Pantokrator, 229, 273
Theodote, 38, 39
Theognosia, 113
Theophane, 117
Theophanes, Bishop of Heraclea, 144
Theophano, wife of Romanus II. and Nicephorus Phocas, 197
Third Hill, 243, 244
Thomais, nun, 128
Thrace, 86, 89
Timotheus, 40
Timovo, 298
Tivoli, 63
Toklou Dede. _See_ Church of S. Thekla
Top Kapou. _See_ Gate S. Romanus
Torcello, 247
Tornikes, 239, 302, 303, 310, 330
Trani, 46
Trebizond, 229, 272
Tricocca, 275
Triglia, 30
Trivulce, 118
Trullus. _See_ Council, Palace
Turks, 275, 283
Varangians, 46
Vatopedi, 303
Veecus, Patriarch, 112, 122, 125, 126, 229, 297
Vefa Meidan, 177, 243, 244, 245
Venetian, 213, 214, 227, 228
Venice, 3, 224, 226, 227, 228, 238, 246
Verina, Empress, 265
Vienna, 280
Vigilius, Pope, 66, 67
Villehardouin, 297
Viros, 296, 297
Vlach Serai, 280
Vlanga, 196
Wallachian, 280
Wall of Constantine, 109
Wall of Heraclius, 207, 208
Wall of Leo, 207, 208
Walls of Theodosius II., 289, 290
War Office, 244, 265
Xene, 220
Xerolophos, 108, 109
Yali Kiosk Kapoussi. _See_ Gate of Eugenius
Yedi Koule. _See_ Golden Gate
Yolande, 229
Zeirek Mehemed Effendi, 233
Zinet, 144, 145
Zoe--
Empress of Leo VI., 90
Empress, daughter of Constantine VIII., 44
THE END
_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, Limited, _Edinburgh_.
[Transcriber's note: * is used around words to mark bold text.]