Leicestershire village that certain types of human eye-colour, which
he designates as "Simplex" and "Duplex," are inherited in complete
accord with Mendelian principles of inheritance. The two types not
only segregate from each other in the course of transmission, but they
do so in practically exact Mendelian proportions. And the "Simplex"
type, which is the recessive form of eye-colour, breeds true. It begets
nothing but the Simplex eye. These results have been confirmed by
Professor and Mrs. Davenport in America. In this and similar cases we
are merely dealing with the transmission of alternative characters in
individuals of the same race.[D]
[Footnote D: Of course, the "English" race is really a community of
many commingled races. But from our present standpoint that matters
little. It is rather confirmatory of the further facts and conclusions
I am about to describe.]
But one of the interesting problems of the future is concerned with the
transmission of characters when human races of diverse characteristics
breed together. We are not concerned to discuss now whether the races
of mankind are varieties or species.
[Sidenote: K 3]
SPANIARD _v._ GIPSY.
The records of travellers provide certain information which helps
us to form reliable though limited conclusions as to the results of
the +interbreeding of different human races+. Mrs. Rose Haig
Thomas, to whom we are indebted for the exhibit of a photograph,
taken during a journey through Spain a few years ago, of a Spanish
gipsy woman with her three children, has made several observations
of some interest. She became acquainted with a family in which "the
mother was a dark-skinned, black-haired, black-eyed gipsy woman. (See
photograph, Exhibit No. K 3.) The husband was a Spaniard with blue
eyes. There were three children. Of these, the eldest had flaxen hair
and blue eyes. The second was a boy with black eyes, black hair, and an
olive skin as dark as the mother's. The third child was too young to
justify any conclusion being based on its characteristics. It was only
18 months old; but was flaxen-haired, blue-eyed, and fair skinned."
This observation of Mrs. Haig Thomas, in Granada, affords then a clear
example of the segregation of blue-eye and flaxen-hair characters among
the gametes of the black-eyed, black-haired, and olive-complexioned
mother. For, in the light of Mendelian researches, it is obvious she
was carrying these characters recessive, and that some of her gametes
were pure in respect of them.
ARAB _v._ SPANIARD.
[Sidenote: K 4]
The second photograph, exhibited by Mrs. Haig Thomas (Exhibit No. K 4),
is of three sisters who were also photographed in Granada. The eldest
is of the dark, typical "Arab type," so well recognised by Spaniards
wherever it is seen in Spain. The second sister is clearly much lighter
in hair and fairer in complexion than her sister. The nose, too, is
very distinct in both. The baby is fair. It is impossible, of course,
to trace the remote ancestry of these sisters, and Mrs. Haig Thomas
obtained no information as to their parents, but from what we know of
Spanish history the case suggests a +possible segregation of Moorish
from Gothic features+ after the intermixture of the two races,
by marriage, had occurred. But the question is extremely complex. It
is impossible to say to what extent the inhabitants of modern Spain
represent in varying degrees a commingled race of Phoenicians and
Iberians, of these with Romans and Goths, and of all with Moors,
themselves at the time of the conquest of Spain a mixed race. All that
can be said with any degree of probability is that these various races
have more or less intermingled[E] during the long history of Spain,
and that the flaxen hair and blue eyes among its inhabitants are the
heritage which the Goths have left them.
[Footnote E: I advisedly use the word intermingled and not blended.]
EUROPEAN _v._ AMERICAN RED INDIAN.
For the facts of the segregation of European and Indian eye-colour,
I am indebted to two friends who resided for many years in different
parts of Canada, and who do not desire their names published.
[Sidenote: K 5]
The first case of this kind (Pedigree Chart, No. K 5) of
+segregation of racial eye-colour+ is that of the offspring
from a marriage between a blue-eyed Scotchman and a black-eyed, full
blood American Red Indian woman.[F] They had a son and a daughter, and
the eyes of both were Indian brown. This brown differs from that of
European eyes, and can usually be distinguished by observers who know
the two races well. The half-breed son (No. 2, Generation B) married a
full blood Indian woman (No. 1), who also had Indian brown eyes, and by
her had four children. Two of them were babies at the time my informant
knew them, and we may leave them out of account. The other two, a son
and daughter (Nos. 2 and 1, Generation C), had Indian brown eyes. This
result is in accord with Mendelian expectations.
[Footnote F: This is the same family as Family 5 described in
connection with Segregation of Nose Form in exhibit K 2a.]
The half-breed Indian daughter (No. 4, Generation B) of the blue-eyed
Scotchman and Indian mother married a Welshman (No. 5, B) with hazel
eyes. They had seven children. Of these, two--a son and daughter (No.
7 and 11, Generation C)--had blue eyes. The remaining children--with
the exception of a baby, whom my informant had seldom seen--had eyes of
varying shades of brown. Two (Nos. 9 and 12, C) had European brown, one
dark Indian brown, and one Indian brown eyes (Nos. 8 and 10, C).
The re-appearance of blue eyes among two of the Scotchman's
grandchildren is a clear example of the Mendelian segregation among the
gametes of the half-breed Indian mother of the factors which produce
blue eyes. The Welsh father, with the hazel eyes, must, of course, as
we deduce from other cases, have carried the blue-eye factors recessive.
The black-eyed full blood Indian grandmother also carried various
shades of Indian brown, recessive to the Indian black which she herself
manifested, since her daughter and two granddaughters exhibited Indian
brown and dark Indian brown coloured eyes. The two European brown-eyed
grandsons were probably in eye-colour hybrids between the hazel colour
of the Welsh father and the Indian brown of the half-breed Indian
mother.
The pedigree is thus, in respect of eye-colour--and of other
characters also which are not here described--clearly Mendelian in its
manifestations. It shows that the offspring of two very different types
of human races exhibit the same mode of Mendelian inheritance as do the
descendants of two contrasted parents of the same race.
[Sidenote: K 6]
Family 4 (Pedigree Chart, No. K 6) illustrates the same kind of facts
and conclusions. In the A Generation a Frenchman, whose eye-colour
was unknown to my informant, married a full blood Indian princess who
had Indian brown eyes. There was one daughter only (Generation B) by
this marriage, and she had Indian brown eyes. She married an Irishman,
who had red hair, grey eyes, and a freckled complexion (Generation
B). From this marriage there came six children (Generation C). Two of
these had "grey eyes like their father." Three had dark brown eyes of
European tint. My informant had some doubt as to the European tint of
two of these three (Nos. 3 and 4, C Generation); their eye-colour was
very dark brown, and possibly it may have been the Indian tint. The
remaining member of this generation had Indian brown eyes of a very
dark shade.
It may be desirable to state that Families 4 and 5 come from different
parts of Canada.
The chief feature of interest in this family is the segregation of the
grey eye-colour of the Irishman among his offspring. It appears in
two daughters. From what we know of analogous cases, there is little
doubt that the gametes of his half-breed Indian wife carried the blue
or grey factors derived from her French father. The appearance of an
European brown eye-colour in Generation C, No. 6, suggests that the
French grandfather had brown eyes, and that, therefore, this colour has
segregated out among the gametes of the half-breed Indian mother.
Exhibited by Mr. E. Nettleship.
[Sidenote: L]
[Sidenote: L 1]
+Congenital Colour-blindness+. Pedigree showing unusual
features, viz.: (_a_) females affected; (_b_) twins, of whom one
is affected, the other not; (_c_) marriage between two unrelated
colour-blind stocks. Except that two females are affected the
inheritance, so far as can be traced, has followed the rule for
colour-blindness; viz., limitation to males and transmission through
unaffected females.
_Key to Signs_.
[M] normal male; [F] normal female.
[M-] colour-blind male; [F-] colour-blind female.
[circle] batch of whom there are no particulars.
[OO with over bar] twins. [Greek: ph] died in infancy. [ob]: dead.
[×] seen and examined.
[× ×] reported normal, but not seen.
[Sidenote: L 2]
+Hereditary night-blindness with myopia+ (short sight) affecting
21 males and only 1 female in a large pedigree. The night-blindness
congenital and stationary. Descent always through mothers themselves
unaffected. Mental defects in several of the night-blind stock. Other
pedigrees of this male-limited night-blindness are on record.
_Key_.
[M-] and [F-] night-blind male and female.
Otherwise the same as for L 1.
[Sidenote: L 3]
Pedigrees of +hereditary congenital Nystagmus+ (involuntary
rhythmical movements of the eyes) showing two different modes of
descent.
[Sidenote: L 3a]
In Figure L 3a the nystagmus occurs only in males and descends through
unaffected females.
[Sidenote: L 3b]
In Fig. L 3b both males and females are liable to the disease, and
either parent may transmit it, although descent is more often through
mother than father.
The movements of the eyes are very often accompanied by rhythmical
movements of the head in the non-sex-limited type (Fig. L 3b), but head
movements very seldom occur in the male-limited type (Fig. L 3a).
In both types many of those affected have also optical defects of the
eyes, especially astigmatism. No mental or nerve complications in
either kind.
_Key_.
[M-] and [F-] male and female with Nystagmus.
Otherwise as for L 1.
[Sidenote: L 4]
Pedigree of +hereditary Cataract+. The cataract in this
genealogy begins in childhood, and usually progresses so as to require
operation by the time its subject is grown up; results of operation
usually good and lasting. Most of the affected members still living; of
the four dead, none died before 54, and two of them lived to 78 and 83
respectively. Both sexes affected and either sex may transmit. No other
eye disease and no prevalent constitutional diseases or degeneracies in
the cataractous stock.
Many similar pedigrees are known.
_Key_.
[M-] and [F-] male and female with cataract.
Otherwise as for L 1.
[Sidenote: M]
Exhibited by Professor R. C. Punnett, F.R.S.
Mendelian Inheritance in Rabbits.
[Sidenote: M 1.]
Yellow Himalayan
Dutch × (Black)
|
F_{1} Agouti
(reversion to wild colour).
|
F |
______________________|__________________________
| | | | |
Agouti Black Yellow Tortoise Himalayan
+Ratio.+ 27 9 9 3 16
Factors concerned:--
+A+. the factor for agouti which turns a black into an agouti,
or a tortoise into a yellow.
+E+. the factor for extension of pigment which when present
turns a yellow into an agouti, or a tortoise into a black.
+S+. the factor for self colour which turns a Himalayan into a
self coloured animal.
All the rabbits in this experiment contain the factor for black (B).
[Sidenote: M 2.]
The Himalayan pattern can occur in all four colour classes. Thus the
agouti Himalayan has lighter points than the black Himalayan. (cf. 2
specimens shown.)
Experiments to demonstrate that +black rabbits may be of different
constitution genetically+.
Factors concerned in these experiments are:--
+A+. the agouti factor.
+E+. the factor for extension of pigment.
+D+. a factor for density of pigmentation.
All the rabbits are homozygous for the black factor +B+.
Homozygous agouti = +AA BB EE+.
Black rabbits may be either:--
(1) Rabbits of the constitution +aa BB EE+. These breed true and
behave as simple recessive to agouti.
(2) Rabbits of the constitution +AA BB EE DD+., _i.e._,
agoutis to which a double dose of D has been added are pure blacks in
appearance, when only a single dose of D is added the animal shows some
agouti markings and is an agouti-black. Such rabbits have always proved
to be heterozygous, and when mated together give blacks, agouti-blacks,
and agoutis in the ratio 7:6:3.
(3) Rabbits of the constitution +AA BB Ee Dd+. An agouti-black
(AA BB EE Dd) becomes a pure black when heterozygous for E. Such blacks
when mated with blacks of constitution +aa BB EE dd+ throw some
agoutis and also some agouti-blacks.
Further, the experiments have shewn that the factor +D+ is coupled with
+E+ in the gametogenesis of rabbits of the constitution +AA BB Ee Dd+.
The gametes produced by such animals are of two kinds only viz--+A B
E D+ and +A B e d+. When mated with a tortoise aa BB ee dd they give
blacks and yellows only--+and no agoutis+. So far as is known, the
coupling between E and D is complete. At present this is the only case
of coupling between characters yet worked out in a mammal.
[Sidenote: M 3]
Experiments with +Poultry+, illustrating the +recombination
of characters+.
Brown
Leghorn [F-] × Silky [M-]
|
(_a_) Coloured (chiefly brown) | (_a_) White plumage (with or
plumage | without slight buff tinge)
|
(_b_) Normal feathers | (_b_) Silky feathers
|
_________________________|__________________________
| |
F_1 [F-] (_a_) Coloured F_1 [M-]
(_b_) Normal feathers
--------________ ________---------
--------- × ---------
|
|
|
F_2 Generation
________________________________________________________
| | | |
/------+------\ /------+------\ /------+------\ /------+------\
Coloured plumage Coloured plumage White plumage White plumage
Normal feathers Silky feathers Normal feathers Silky feathers
[Sidenote: M 4]
Experiment with +Sweet Peas, illustrating reversion on crossing,
followed by the appearance of numerous types in next generation+.
White × White
|
F_1 Purple
|
+---------------------+-------------------+
| | |
F_2 3 types of purple 3 corresponding figures Whites
viz.:-- of reds, viz.:--
(_a_) Purple (_a_) Painted Lady
(_b_) Deep Purple (_b_) Miss Hunt
(_c_) Picotee (_c_) Tinged White
The varied forms in the F_2 generation appear in definite proportions
and a certain number of plants of each variety are already "fixed," and
have been shewn, by further experiment, to breed true to type.
[Sidenote: M 5]
Experiment with Sweet Peas, illustrating reversion in structural
characters.
A cross between the ordinary "Cupid" dwarfs and the half-dwarf "Bush"
form results in a complete reversion to the normal tall habit such as
occurs in the wild sweet pea. A further generation raised from these
reversionary talls consists of talls, Bush, Cupids, and a new form, the
"Bush-Cupid." These last combine the erect bush-like habit of growth
with the dwarfness of the Cupid.
Bush × Cupid
|
F_1 Tall
|
+----------+----+----+------------+
| | | |
F_2 Tall Bush Cupid Bush-Cupid
In the
ratio 9 3 3 1
[Sidenote: M 6a]
Example of +association of characters in heredity+.
In the sweet pea the dark reddish purple axil is dominant to the light
green one. Also the fertile condition of the anthers is dominant to
the contabescent sterile condition. In families which involve these
characters, the nature of the F_2 generation depends upon the way in
which the original cross was made. (A) When each parent has one of the
dominant characters.
Dark axil} {Light axil
Sterile} × {Fertile
|
F_{1} Dark axil
Fertile
|
+------------+---+---------+----------------+
| | | |
F_{2} Dark axil Dark axil Light axil {[*]Light axil}
Fertile Sterile Fertile { Sterile }
Approximate 2 1 1
ratio
* Not yet found, but probably occurs very rarely.]
[Sidenote: M 6b]
(B) If, however, both of the dominant characters go in with one parent,
and neither with the other parent, they tend to remain associated in
F_{2}; thus:--
Light} {Dark
Sterile} × {Fertile
|
F_{1} Dark Fertile
|
+-----------+----------+-----------+
| | | |
F_{2} Dark Dark Light Light
Fertile Sterile Fertile Sterile
+Ratio.+ 737 31 31 225
In such a cross the classes resembling the two original parents tend to
be produced in excess, while the other two combinations are produced
much more rarely. Nevertheless, the ratio of dark to light axil, and of
fertile to sterile anthers, is, in each case, a simple 3:1 ratio.
[Sidenote: M 7a]
Example of association of +characters in heredity+.
Purple flower colour is dominant to red in the sweet pea, and the
old-fashioned erect form of standard with the central notch is dominant
to the hooded. In families where these characters are involved, the
nature of the F_{2} generation depends upon the manner in which the
cross was made.
(A) When one dominant character goes in with each parent.
Purple} {Red
hood} × {erect
|
Purple erect
+--------+-------+-------+
| | | |
Purple Purple Red [*]Red
erect hood erect hood
Approximate
ratio 2 1 1
* Not yet found in this mating, but probably occurs very rarely.
[Sidenote: M 7b]
(B) When the two dominants enter, from one parent, they tend to remain
associated in the F_{2} generation.
Purple} {Red
erect} × {hood
|
+--------+----+------+--------+
| | | |
Purple Purple Red Red
erect hood erect hood
Approximate \-------+--------/
ratio 3 | 1
These two classes are
only found very rarely
_i.e._, about once in
each 300 plants of the
F_{2} generation.
[Sidenote: N & N 1]
Exhibited by the Utah Agricultural College.
* * * * *
Mr. E. G. Titus.
* * * * *
The chart is 147 feet long, 54 inches wide, exclusive of the important
data condensed on a separate 8-foot sheet. This is only a preliminary
chart, as may be seen from the condensed data attached, which shows
that of the 822 persons represented on the chart 539 are of mature
age. The unknown persons represent 303, unknown ability; 336, unknown
height; 339, unknown weight; 348, unknown health. The family is
remarkable for the health of its members, having so far only 97 deaths.
The oldest child, Generation II-1, was born in 1827. There are, of
course, a large number of persons on the chart who are rather young.
Where a person has more than one ability well marked, such as music and
literary ability, or music and business ability, or constructive and
business ability, the chart shows only one ability. There are several
cases where persons have three well marked abilities. In all cases, the
following is the rank on the chart:--
Literary ability is always charted. Following this, music and then art,
and then constructive. Constructive ability represents those persons
who have a decided mathematical and mechanical turn of mind, who are
builders, contractors, carpenters of advanced standing, architects
and men of these classes. Under "Various" abilities are classified
business, agricultural and domestic abilities. These are not marked on
the chart.
It will be noticed under "Diseases" that a majority of the persons
who have died were infants, and even among infants the deaths are
remarkable for their small number considering the conditions under
which the people of the third generation of this family had to live.
The paternal ancestor, Generation I., came to America in 1842, dying
two years later, and his children came to Utah among the early
settlers, 1847-52. Many of the third generation were born in this State
under conditions that are not by any means comparable to those existing
in communities that have been settled for many years. The opportunity
to care for children was very limited. Physicians were not as easily
reached, and the methods and appliances of modern times were not at
hand. Yet, even under these circumstances, it will be noticed of the
822 persons listed on the chart, that only 68 deaths were those of
persons under 25 years.
GENERATIONS
I IC II IIC III IIIC IV IVC V TOTALS
PERSONS CHARTED 1 1 7 18 125 82 384 68 136 822
" OF MATURE AGE 1 1 6 18 118 82 237 68 8 539
---------------------------------------------------------------------
ABILITY--LITERARY 1 5 5 30 6 31 2 1 81
MUSICAL 1 1 9 14 27 1 4 57
ARTISTIC 1 4 2 7 1 15
CONSTRUCTIVE 1 2 2 16 3 15 3 2 44
VARIOUS 1 2 3 36 10 9 61
TOTALS 2 1 11 11 95 35 89 7 7 258
NO SPECIAL ABILITY 3 8 1 2 14
ABILITY UNKNOWN 4 26 65 146 61 1 303
---------------------------------------------------------------------
HEIGHT 5 FT. OR LESS 1 2 3
5-1 TO 5-2 1 3 2 1 2 9
5-3 TO 5-4 1 2 3 8 10 16 40
5-5 TO 5-6 2 14 9 12 2 39
5-7 TO 5-8 2 2 19 4 14 1 42
5-9 TO 5-10 1 1 1 9 2 10 1 25
5-11 TO 6-0 2 16 3 11 3 35
6-1 TO 6-2 3 1 4 1 9
6-3 TO 6-4 1 1
TOTALS 1 1 6 13 72 31 71 7 1 203
UNKNOWN 5 46 51 166 61 7 336
-------------------------------------------------------------------
WEIGHT 100 LBS. OR LESS 2 1 2 2 1 8
101 TO 120 1 10 10 11 1 33
121 TO 150 1 1 6 28 10 27 4 1 78
151 TO 170 1 3 4 23 5 11 6 47
171 TO 200 2 4 7 3 5 6 27
201 TO 220 3 1 4
221 TO 250 1 2 3
TOTALS 1 1 6 17 73 31 58 10 3 200
UNKNOWN 1 45 51 179 58 5 339
GENERATIONS
I IC II IIC III IIIC IV IVC V TOTALS
HEALTH--EXCELLENT 1 1 6 3 34 15 131 6 44 241
GOOD 7 42 16 54 4 18 141
FAIR 3 3 4 8 18
DELICATE 1 2 4 7
POOR 1 7 2 11 21
TOTALS 1 1 6 15 88 37 208 10 62 428
UNKNOWN 3 24 45 147 58 71 348
-------------------------------------------------------------------
DIED UNDER ONE YEAR 8 16 2 26
1 TO 5 YEARS 1 5 13 1 20
6 TO 25 YEARS 11 11 22
26 TO 40 YEARS 3 3
41 TO 70 YEARS 1 2 5 2 10
PAST 70 YEARS 1 3 4
AGE UNKNOWN 1 2 5 2 1 1 12
TOTALS 1 1 2 7 37 4 41 1 3 97
-------------------------------------------------------------------
CAUSE OF DEATH
PREMATURE BIRTH 1 5 6
INFANTILE COMPLAINTS 1 11 13 3 28
DIPHTHERIA 3 5 8
SCARLET FEVER 2 2
MEASLES 1 1
TYPHOID FEVER 2 2 4
PNEUMONIA 1 6 1 1 9
CONSUMPTION 2 2
OPERATIONS 1 1
CHILD BIRTH 1 1 2
VARIOUS 1 1 6 6 9 23
UNKNOWN 1 3 3 3 1 11
TOTALS 1 1 2 7 37 4 41 1 3 97
[Sidenote: O]
Exhibited by the Eugenics Education Society.
O 1 Mendelism.
[Sidenote: O 1a]
Theoretical Example of Mendelian Inheritance in Peas. (After _Thomson_.)
[Sidenote: O 1b]
Theoretical Example of Mendelian Inheritance in Peas. (After _Laurie_.)
[Sidenote: O 1c]
Theoretical Example of Mendelian Inheritance, with Dominance, in Mice.
(After _Laurie_.)
[Sidenote: O 1d]
Illustration of the Theory of Gametic Purity in Mendelian Heredity in
Mice. (After _Laurie_.)
[Sidenote: O 1e]
Example of Mendelian Inheritance, without Dominance, in Blue Andalusian
Fowls. (After _Laurie_.)
[Sidenote: O 1f]
Illustration of the Theory of Gametic Purity in Mendelian Heredity, in
Blue Andalusian Fowls. (After _Laurie_.)
[Sidenote: O 2]
Standard Scheme of Descent. (After _Galton_.)
[Sidenote: O 3]
Comparison of Mr. Booth's Classification of All London with the Normal
Classes. (After _Galton_.)
[Sidenote: O 4]
Descent of Qualities in a Population. (After _Galton_.)
[Sidenote: O 5]
Inheritance of Ability, as exemplified in the Darwin, Galton, and
Wedgwood Families. (After _Whetham_ and _Marshall_.)
[Sidenote: P]
Exhibited by the American Breeders' Association--Eugenics Section.
C. B. Davenport, Esq.
[Sidenote: P 1-16]
Charts of Statistics of Defectives.
Charts of Classification of Defectives.
Charts of Principles of Heredity.
Pedigrees collected by field-workers in America.
[Sidenote: Q]
Exhibited by Cyril Burt, Esq.
Description of Diagrams illustrating the use of experimental Tests of
Mental Capacities.
1. "Experimental Tests of General Intelligence."
[Sidenote: Q 1]
A List of twelve tests applied to two schools at Oxford. The first
two columns of figures indicate the "reliability" or self-consistency
of the tests as compared with that of examinations and master's
general impression. The second two columns give the correlations of
the results of the tests with the children's "general intelligence."
It will be seen that several of the tests of higher mental processes
are as reliable as the scholastic tests at present in vogue, and that
they correlate quite as highly with intelligence. Further experiments
show that while examinations and master's estimates measure knowledge
and skill acquired by memory and training, the tests seems to provide
measurements rather of innate capacities; and that children of
superior parentage (_e.g._ the preparatory school boys) are themselves
superior at tests, which show an appreciable positive correlation
with intelligence (_i.e_. all except tests of touch and weight). The
tests thus provide an experimental demonstration of the inheritance of
mental ability and a means of measuring the same. (References:--Burt,
Experimental Tests of General Intelligence, British Journal of
Psychology, Vol. III., Pts. 1 and 2.) Burt, Inheritance of Mental
Characteristics, Eugenics Review, 1912, July.
[Sidenote: Q 2]
2. Sex-differences in mental tests.
A list of experimental tests applied to children of both sexes with
a view to measuring their innate capacities for performing mental
processes of different levels of complexity. The amount of divergence
between the sexes, is indicated by the column in red. It will be seen
that the sex-differences become smaller, the higher the level tested.
There is some evidence to show that these differences are the result
of inheritance and are not the result of difference of tradition or
environment. (References: Burt and Moore, the Mental Differences
between the sexes. Journal of Experimental Pedagogy, 1912, June. Burt,
Inheritance of Mental Characteristics, Eugenics Review, 1912, July.)
[Sidenote: R]
Exhibit by Dr. George Papillault.
Four sets of questions drawn up by Dr. George Papillault, Professor of
Sociology in the Paris School of Anthropology, with a view to noting
and comparing the +bio-social characteristics+ of individuals
belonging to different groups of population.
[Sidenote: R 1]
Set of questions +adopted by the Commission of Criminology+
instituted and presided over by Mr. ---- Keeper of the Seals;
Vice-presidents, Messrs. Léon Bourgeois, senator, and Dr. Dron,
Vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies and Reporter to the
Commission; Scientific Secretary, Dr. G. Papillault.
This set of questions comprises:
1st. An individual criminological chart for the purpose of showing 271
biological and social characteristics of the prisoners.
2nd. Family Charts for each of the ancestors, descendants or collateral
relatives of the prisoner and more particularly intended to note
hereditary characteristics.
These Charts have been issued with a view to a methodical enquiry on
the criminal, under the direction of the Scientific and Criminological
Department.
[Sidenote: R 2]
Set of questions of the French Lay Mission, designed to note the
characteristics of the young natives and of their relatives in the
French Colonies. The teachers will have to return them filled up with
the greatest care to the Lay Mission, where Dr. Papillault, before
their departure, delivered a series of lectures to teach them how to
proceed.
[Sidenote: R 3]
Questions on the half-breeds, adopted by the Paris Society of
Anthropology, and designed to show the bio-social characteristics of
the half-breeds proceeding from cross-breeding between different races.
[Sidenote: R 4]
Questions asked by the General Psychological Institute for the purpose
of undertaking a vast enquiry on the value taxonomic, organic,
bio-social, and selective of the different human races which actually
exist in the French Colonies, and particularly in North Africa.
A like spirit and method governs these four sets of questions; to
discard the verbalism which obstructs and imperils Sociology; to study
characteristics precise, objective, easily controllable and comparable,
and likely consequently to form statistics, which alone, are capable
of revealing characteristics of groups; to establish the correlations
which these characteristics may present among themselves, and to arrive
at last at the discovery of positive sociological laws.
[Sidenote: S]
Exhibited by Frederick Adams Woods, M.D.
Thirteen photographic copies of authentic portraits of distinguished
historical personages of the sixteenth century, showing that the bony
framework of the face, especially about the nose and eyes, was not
commonly the same as it is to-day.
These are samples of a much larger collection.
[Sidenote: S 1]
Charles VII., XV Century, eye-brows very high above the eyes.
[Sidenote: S 2]
Mary of Lorraine, Queen of James of Scotland (National Portrait
Gallery). Eyes far apart, and eye-brows high.
[Sidenote: S 3]
Francis I. of France, French School, XVI. Century. (Louvre.) Eyes
small, upper eye-lids peculiar, and typical of the period.
[Sidenote: S 4]
Louse de Rieux; Marquise d'Elboef, XVI. Century. (Louvre.) Naso-orbital
region typical, eyes small far apart, upper part of the nose broad and
flat, upper eye-lids long (vertical distance between eye and eye brow
considerable.)
[Sidenote: S 5]
Dr. Stokesley, Bishop of London (Holbein.) Eyes far apart upper part of
nose broad.
[Sidenote: S 6]
Jane Seymour (Holbein). Eyes far apart, upper eye lids characteristic.
[Sidenote: S 7]
Jean de Bourbon, Comte d'Enghien. XVI Century. Eyes far apart, upper
eye-lids vertically prominent.
[Sidenote: S 8]
Portrait of a young German gentleman.
The eye-lids are modern, that is the eyes are set in deeply under the
arch, but the eyes themselves are far apart, and the upper part of the
nose is broad.
[Sidenote: S 9]
Mary Queen of England. (National Portrait Gallery).
It would seem that allowance might be made for the crudity of the
portrait, but the naso-orbital region is typical of the northern races
during the XVI century.
[Sidenote: S 10]
Holbein's Duke of Norfolk. In the Royal Gallery at Windsor Castle.
Eyes are more deep-set under the superorbital arch than is usual in
portraits of the period, but the upper part of the nose is broad, and
eyes are far apart.
[Sidenote: S 11]
Henry VIII., attributed to Holbein but on doubtful authority.
Broad flat nose, small eyes set far apart, eye-brows arching upward
and outward. Observe the upper eye-lids in contrast to the Italian by
Lorenzo Lotto, which shows the usual modern type of eye-lid.
[Sidenote: S 12]
Portrait of the Prothonotary Apostolic Juliano. (Lorenzo Lotto.)
Modern type of face. Eyes deep set in under the superorbital arch and
eye-brow. Upper part of the nose delicate and projecting. This type of
face is occasionally, but only rarely met with north of the Alps during
the early period. It is common enough in portraits of Italians.
[Sidenote: S 13]
Portrait of a German scholar, by Holbein. Modern type, very rarely
found.
First
International Eugenics Congress,
LONDON, 1912.
=========
PROGRAMME.
===============================================
Contents.
Page
Accommodation 5
Application Forms 23, 25
Arrival 7
Badges 8
Banquet 5
Business Meetings 9, 14
Consultative Committees 3
Correspondence 4
Daily Time-Table 9-18
Delegates 11, 21
Entertainments 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16
Exhibition 19
General Arrangements 1
Hospitality Bureau 7, 11
Languages 4
Lunches and Refreshments 10, 27
Meetings 10-18
Membership 5
Offices of Congress 1
Officers 11-20
Place of Meeting 1
Railway Arrangements 5, 6, 7
Receptions 9, 11, 13, 16
Rules of Procedure 8
Stewards 5
Vice-Presidents 2
===============================================
_All Communications should be addressed to the Secretaries._
--------><--------
Offices of the Congress: "The Eugenics Education Society,"
6, York Buildings, Adelphi, London.
(=Office Hours, 10-30 a.m. to 5 p.m.=)
PRESIDENT *MAJOR LEONARD DARWIN, D.Sc.
Vice-Presidents.
Sir Clifford Allbutt, K.C.B., F.R.S., M.D., Regius Professor of Physic,
Cambridge.
The Right Hon. Lord Alverstone, G.C.M.G., LL.D., Lord Chief Justice.
The Right Hon. Lord Avebury, F.R.S.
Sir Thomas Barlow, Bart., K.C.V.O., F.R.S., President of the Royal
College of Physicians.
Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, Founder of the Volta Bureau, Washington.
Sir William Church, K.C.B., D.Sc., lately President of the Royal
College of Physicians.
The Right Hon. Winston Churchill, M.P., First Lord of the Admiralty.
Sir William Collins, F.R.C.S., Vice-Chancellor of the University of
London.
Dr. C. B. Davenport, Secretary of the American Breeders' Association.
Dr. J. Déjérine, Clinical Professor of Nervous Diseases, Salpêtrière.
Dr. Charles W. Eliot, President Emeritus of Harvard University.
Dr. Auguste Forel, Lately Professor of Psychiatry, University of Zurich.
Sir Archibald Geikie, President of the Royal Society.
Sir Rickman J. Godlee, F.R.C.S., President of the Royal College of
Surgeons.
Professor M. von Gruber, Professor of Hygiene, Munich, President of the
German Society for Race Hygiene.
Dr. David Starr Jordan, Principal, Leland Stanford University.
President of the Eugenic Section, American Breeders' Association.
Monsieur L. March, Director, Statistique Générale de la France.
The Right Hon. Reginald McKenna, M.P., Secretary of State for Home
Affairs.
The Right Hon. The Lord Mayor of London.
Dr. Magnan, l'Asile Sainte-Anne, Paris.
Dr. L. Manouvrier, Professor of Anthropology, Paris.
Dr. A. Marie, Asiles de la Seine.
Sir Henry Alexander Miers, D.Sc., F.R.S., Principal of the University
of London.
Professor Alfredo Niceforo, Professor of Statistics, Naples.
Sir William Osler, M.D., F.R.S., Regius Professor of Medicine, Oxford.
The Right Rev. The Lord Bishop of Oxford, D.D.
Dr. E. Perrier, Director, Natural History Museum, Paris.
Gifford Pinchot, Washington.
Dr. Alfred Ploëtz, President of the International Society for Race
Hygiene, Germany.
Sir William Ramsay, F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry, University of
London.
The Right Rev. The Lord Bishop of Ripon, D.D.
Professor G. J. Sergi, Professor of Anthropology, Rome.
Dr. E. E. Southard, Neuro-Pathologist, Harvard University, and Director
of the State Psychopathological Hospital.
The Right Hon. Sir T. Vezey Strong, K.C.V.O.
Bleecker van Wagenen, of the Board of Trustees, Vineland Training
School, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Professor August Weismann, Professor of Zoology, Freiburg.
Honorary Members.
Monsieur Henri Jaspar, Avocat à la Cour D'Appel, Président de la
Société Protectrice de l'Enfance Anormale; Secrétaire de la Commission
Royale des Patronages, Brussels.
Monsieur Adolph Prins, Inspecteur Générale des Prisons, Brussels.
Professor Ludwig Schemann, President of the Gobineau-Vereinigung,
Germany.
His Excellency the General von Bardeleben, President of the _Verein
Herold_, Berlin.
AMERICAN CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE.
=President=--Dr. David Starr Jordan.
Committee.
Dr. C. B. Davenport, Alexander Graham Bell, Professors W. E. Castle,
Charles R. Henderson, Adolph Meyer, A. Hrdlicka, Vernon L. Kellogg, J.
Webber, W. L. Tower, Dr. Frederick Adams Woods.
=Secretary and Treasurer=--Dr. C. B. Davenport, Eugenics Record Office,
Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York.
* * * * *
BELGIAN CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE.
=Secretary=--Dr. Louis Querton, Boulevard de Grande Ceinture, 77,
Brussels.
Committee.
MM. Dr. Boulenger, Dr. Bordet, Dr. Caty, Dr. Decroly, Dr. Gengou, Dr.
Herman, Dr. L. MM. Gaspart, Gheude, Jacquart, Marc de Sélys Longchamps,
Nyns, E. Waxweiler, Professor Marchal.
* * * * *
FRENCH CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE.
Hon. Presidents.
MM. Bouchard, Henry Chéron, Yves Delage, Paul Doumer, A. de Foville,
Landouzy, Paul Strauss.
=President=--M. Edward Perrier.
Committee.
M. M. Déjérine, Gide, March, Magnan, Manouvrier, Marie, Pinard, Variot.
=Secretary and Treasurer=--M. Huber, Statistique Générale de la France,
Paris, 97, Quai D'Orsay.
* * * * *
GERMAN CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE.
=President=--Dr. Alfred Ploëtz, Gundelinden Str., 5, Munchen.
Committee.
The Committee of the International Society for Race Hygiene.
* * * * *
ITALIAN CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE.
=President=--Professor Alfredo Niceforo, 54, Via Ara Coeli, Rome.
Committee.
Professors Corrado Gini, Achille Loria, Roberto Michels, Enrico
Morselli, Sante de Sanctis, Giuseppe Sergi, V. Ginffrida-Ruggeri.
First International Eugenics Congress
LONDON.
Wednesday, July 24th, to Tuesday, July 30th, 1912.
=General Arrangements for the Meeting.=
An invitation circular has been widely circulated to all members of
Eugenic and Heredity Societies in Europe and America, and to many
other persons likely to be interested in the approaching Congress.
Through that circular the objects and general plan of the Congress have
been made widely known. Copies may still be had on application to the
Secretary.
The following arrangements have now been definitely made.
=Place of Meeting.= The Meetings of the Congress will be held in the
Great Hall of the University of London, Imperial Institute Road, South
Kensington, London, S.W., which is easily reached from South Kensington
Station on the Underground Railway, and by omnibus from all parts of
London. (In wet weather those travelling by rail can avail themselves
of the subway).
=Headquarters of the Congress.= Until Tuesday, July 23rd, the
headquarters and offices of the Congress will remain at 6, York
Buildings, Adelphi, W.C. (close to Charing Cross Station), where all
information will be supplied and tickets issued. Office hours 10-30
a.m. to 5 p.m. On and after Wednesday, July 24th, the headquarters
will be transferred to the University of London, South Kensington. If
arrangements for hotels or for lodgings have not been made previously,
members arriving on and after July 24th are recommended to leave their
luggage in the "Cloak Room" at the railway station and come to the
office of the Congress, at London University, South Kensington, for
information.
=Correspondence.= From July 24th to 30th, Members and Associates of
the Congress may have their letters addressed to them at the First
International Eugenics Congress, c/o The University of London, South
Kensington, S.W., where special postal facilities will be provided. All
invitations to Receptions, etc., will be distributed in this way.
=Languages.= It has been decided that in the Meetings and Discussions
the English, French, German, and Italian languages shall be on an
equal footing. At the same time it is right to point out that in all
Congresses the number of Members speaking and understanding only the
language of the country in which they are held has been far in excess
of those conversant with several languages; therefore those who speak
in English on the present occasion will be most widely understood. The
abstract of every paper which is received in time by the Secretary will
be translated into English, French, and German. Pamphlets containing
the abstracts in these languages will be available on July 24th at the
University Buildings. Members wishing for advance copies should notify
the fact to the Secretaries, and state clearly in what language they
are required, and to what address they should be sent.
=Stewards.= A number of Stewards acting as interpreters will be in
attendance; the languages spoken being indicated by rosettes of the
following colours:--Red, French; Blue, German; Green, Italian.
=Hotels, etc.= The Organising Committee is prepared to book rooms in
advance for intending Members. Lists of hotels and the accommodation
vouchers have been sent out to all Members with their membership
cards. Any Member wishing to pay his membership fee on arrival can on
application obtain an accommodation voucher in advance.
=To make certain of securing the accommodation desired, it is essential
that accommodation vouchers duly filled in should reach the office not
later than July 10th.=
=Tickets of Membership.= In order to take advantage of the reduced
fares offered by the railway companies (see below), the official
Congress ticket must be produced when paying the fare. The subscription
entitling to membership of the Congress is £1 sterling; for an
Associate it is 10/-. Members may obtain additional tickets for
ladies at the cost of 10/- each. These additional ladies' tickets are
transferable to ladies. Associates are entitled to all the privileges
of Members, except that they have no vote in the meetings and will
not receive a copy of the Report when published. The tickets of all
Members and Associates who pay in advance will be forwarded to their
addresses before the commencement of the Congress. A limited number
of Day Membership Cards at 5/- each will be obtainable from the
Secretary's Office in the Marble Hall during the Congress. These cards
admit to both the morning and afternoon sessions, but do not carry the
privileges of voting and hospitality.
=Inaugural Banquet.= An Inaugural Banquet will be held at the Hotel
Cecil on Wednesday, July 24th, at 7 p.m., at which all the officials
of the Congress and readers of papers will be the guests of the
Entertainments Committee. Members of the Congress can obtain tickets at
7/6 each, from the Hon. Secretary, Entertainments Committee, 30, York
Terrace, Harley Street, London, W. Speeches of welcome will be made by
the President, the Lord Mayor of London, the Rt. Hon. A. J. Balfour,
and others. The Banquet will be followed by a Reception to which all
Members and Associates of the Congress will be invited.
=Railway Arrangements.= Important concessions have been made by a
number of Railway Companies to Members and Associates of the Congress.
On the railways of Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Switzerland and
Holland, no reductions will be allowed; but by taking tickets to a
station in Belgium or France, near the frontier, reductions may be
secured by groups of not less than 20 visitors travelling together
from those countries for the rest of their journey. =In all cases
it is necessary to produce the Congress Membership Ticket before
receiving railway tickets at reduced rates; and arrangements MUST be
made in advance, 14 days' notice being required. Persons desiring
to take advantage of these concessions must therefore forward their
subscriptions at once; and immediately on receipt of their membership
ticket should communicate with the Secretary of their country= (see
page 3). In the following list the countries most distant from London
are mentioned first:--
=Italy.= The P.L.M. Company will grant a reduction of 50% to Members
coming from Italy via Modane.
At the time of issuing this notice definite information regarding
reduced rates on the Italian State Railways is not to hand.
=Germany.= Members from Germany desiring to obtain reduced rates are
requested to communicate, through their Secretary, with the General
Agent of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway Office in Cologne (6
Domhof). Provided at least 20 Members travel together on the journey
to London, arrangements can be made for reduced fares at 50% reduction
from the Belgian or from the Dutch Frontier to London and back. At
least 14 days' notice must be given to secure these facilities.
=Belgium.= If at least 20 members travel together, a reduction of about
50% is granted. Members are requested to communicate, through the
Secretary of their country, with the General Agent of the South Eastern
and Chatham Railway in Brussels (19, rue de la Regence).
=France.= On presentation of their Congress Cards, members attending
the Congress will be able to obtain at Paris (Gare du Nord) special 15
day return tickets to London via Calais-Dover or Boulogne-Folkestone at
the following fares:--
1st Class.--72f. 85c. 2nd Class.--46f. 85c. 3rd Class.--37f. 50c.
available from July 22nd.
These tickets are available by the following trains:--
Paris (Nord) dep. 8-25 a.m. 3-05 p.m. 9-20 p.m.
London (Charing Cross) arr. 3-25 p.m. 10-45 p.m. 5-43 a.m.
(B) (B) (C)
(B) via Boulogne-Folkestone.
(C) via Calais-Dover.
Special arrangements can be made for reserved accommodation to be
provided for groups. The above-mentioned tickets can also be obtained
at the Paris Office of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (14 Rue du
4 Septembre), but the Congress vouchers must be presented at the time
in either case.
_Another Route_--From Paris (St. Lazare) special 15 day return tickets
to London via Dieppe-Newhaven at the following fares:--
1st Class.--47f. 20c. 2nd Class.--36f. 40c.
These tickets are available for the following trains:--
Paris (St. Lazare) dep. 10-20 a.m. 9-00 p.m.
London (Victoria) arr. 7-40 p.m. 7-50 a.m.
=Great Britain.= All the British Railways have very kindly granted
exceptional facilities to members of the Congress. Return tickets for
the price of a single fare and a third, lasting from July 23rd to 30th,
will be issued from all stations in the United Kingdom on presentation
of the Congress voucher at the Booking Office.
* * * * *
Members wishing to return to their homes outside London daily, must
apply for separate vouchers for each day if the distance is more than
50 miles. If however the member resides within that distance, the
usual sleeping-out arrangements will apply, _i.e._, that tickets at
a single fare and a third for the double journey may be issued (upon
production of cards of membership or letters of invitation), from the
town where the Conference is being held to places where the delegates
reside. The minimum fare will be 1/-.
=Stations Of Arrival.= Passengers travelling from the Continent by the
South Eastern and Chatham Railway, arrive at Victoria or Charing Cross
Stations according to the train service selected. Passengers by the
Great Eastern Railway arrive at Liverpool Street Station; and those
by the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway arrive at Victoria
Station.
=Hospitality Bureau.= During the meeting of the Congress there will be
many entertainments in the form of receptions, dinners, afternoon and
evening parties, for which there will be invitations to Members and
Associates of the Congress. In most cases the number to be entertained
is limited, and it is desirable that the Secretaries should have as
complete a list of members as possible to submit to the hosts.
All =Officials of the Congress=, and =Readers of Papers=,
and =Delegates=, will shortly receive invitations to the various
entertainments mentioned in the programme.
_Members should apply at the Hospitality Bureau in the Marble Hall on
arrival_, as the number that can attend each function is limited, and
cards will be issued to members in order of application.
A limited number of Tickets for the Zoological Gardens, tickets to hear
debates in the House of Commons, and invitations to tea on the Terrace
of the House of Commons, etc., will also be available.
The German Athenæum Club has very kindly signified its willingness to
accord the privilege of Hon. Membership of the Club to German Readers
of Papers and Members of the German Consultative Committee, and to a
limited number of German Members of the Congress.
RULES OF PROCEDURE.
The Organising Committee feel that the interest and usefulness of the
Congress will be greatly increased by the usual sectional plan being
departed from, so that all papers can be discussed in general sittings.
This plan will necessarily limit the time available for papers, but, on
the other hand, it will allow the interest of all members to be focused
on each question to be considered. To enable the maximum amount of work
to be done in the time available, the following arrangements have been
made:--
=Papers.= The reader of each paper will be allowed 25 minutes in which
to give a summary of his paper and to reply to criticisms. A certain
time, limited at the discretion of the Chairman, will then be allowed
for discussion (maximum time--20 minutes).
Should the reader of a paper not desire to exercise his right of reply
he may devote the whole 25 minutes to his opening summary.
If, on the other hand, he prefers to reserve a longer time for reply he
must reduce the length of his opening remarks, bearing in mind that the
whole time at his disposal for the two speeches will be 25 minutes.
=Discussions.= All discussions are under the absolute control of
the Chairman, who will regulate the length of time allotted to each
discussion, and to each speaker in that discussion. The Chairman will
ring a bell one minute before each speech must end. After the bell is
rung a second time the next speaker will be called. The maximum time
allotted to the discussion on each single paper is twenty minutes,--to
each single speaker, seven minutes.
The names of persons wishing to speak must be handed up to the Chairman
before the conclusion of the speech opening the Discussion.
=Badges.= A button badge, consisting of a reproduction of the head of
Sir Francis Galton, will be presented to every Member and Associate.
A silvered medal with ribbon and clasp will be presented to members
of the Consultative Committees, Readers of Papers and Government
Delegates. Distinctive colours will be as follows:--
_Organizing and Consultative Committees_ Medal and Red Ribbon.
_Readers of Papers_ " " White "
_Stewards_ " " Yellow "
_Executive Committee_ " " Blue "
The medals with green ribbons will be on sale, price 1/- each, to all
Members and Associates.
DAILY PROGRAMME.
This programme will be adhered to as closely as possible, but the
Executive Committee reserve the power to make any alterations which
circumstances may render necessary.
WEDNESDAY, JULY 24th.
[Sidenote: 10 a.m.]
The Offices of the Congress will be opened at the University of London,
South Kensington.
Members and Delegates are requested to call during the day, to sign
the register and enter their address, and to obtain invitations to the
Receptions, Dinners, etc.
[Sidenote: 3 p.m.]
A Meeting of the Congress Executive Committee will be held in the
Senate Room. The Congress Executive consists of the President,
Secretary, and two members of each of the Consultative Committees,
and the President, Secretary and two members of the British Executive
Committee.
Business:--
The arrangement of the agenda for the Business Meeting on the 27th.
[Sidenote: 7 p.m.]
=Reception bu the President= of the guests to the =Inaugural Banquet=
at the Hotel Cecil, Strand. The Banquet commences at 7-30 p.m.
punctually. Speeches will be made by the President, The Lord Mayor of
London, Mr. A. J. Balfour and others.
All Officers of the Congress, Readers of Papers, Presidents and
Secretaries of Branches of the Eugenics Education Society, are the
_guests of the Hospitality Committee_. Ordinary Members of the Congress
may attend (tickets, 7s. 6d. each, exclusive of wine) and may take one
friend on the same terms. The maximum seating capacity of the hall
is 400 and only a limited number of seats are available. =To prevent
disappointment early application for tickets should be made on the form
on page 25, to the Hon. Secretary, Mrs. Alec Tweedie, Entertainments
Committee, 30, York Terrace, Harley Street, W.=
[Sidenote: 9-45 p.m.]
Reception of welcome to all Members and Associates of the Congress at
the Hotel Cecil to meet the delegates and others who have attended the
Inaugural Banquet.
_SECTION I._
Biology and Eugenics.
THURSDAY. JULY 25th.
MORNING SESSION.
[Sidenote: 10 a.m.]
Opening of the Congress.
Presidential Address.
[Sidenote: 10-30 a.m.]
"Le Cosidette Leggi Dell 'Ereditarieta Nell' Uomo." (The So-called Laws
of Heredity in Man.)
V. Guiffrida-Ruggeri, Professor of Anthropology, Naples. Speakers in
discussion Professor J. A. Thomson, Dr. Apert.
[Sidenote: 11-15 a.m.]
"The Inheritance of Fecundity."
Raymond Pearl, Ph. D. Biologist of the Maine Experiment Station, Orono,
U.S.A.
Discussion.
[Sidenote: 12 noon.]
"Variation and Heredity in Man."
L. Sergi, Professor of Anthropology, Rome. Discussion opened by Dr.
Seligmann.
[Sidenote: 12-45 p.m.]
"On the Increase of Stature in certain European Populations."
Soren Hansen, M.D., Director of the Danish Anthropological Committee,
Copenhagen.
Luncheon Interval.
[Sidenote: 1-15 p.m.]
Cold Lunch will be provided at the University for all Readers of
Papers and Members of the Congress Executive Committee who give in
their names at the Secretary's table before 11-30 a.m. A few places
will be available (Lunch, 2/-) for ordinary members of the Congress.
Application for seats should be made at the Secretary's table before
noon. (A list of neighbouring restaurants will be found on page 27).
SECTION I.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
[Sidenote: 2-30 p.m.]
"Eugenics and Genetics."
R. C. Punnett, F.R.S., Professor of Biology, Cambridge University.
Discussion opened by Professor W. Bateson.
[Sidenote: 3-15 p.m.]
"The Inheritance of Epilepsy."
David F. Weeks, M.D.,
Medical Superintendent and Executive Officer of the New Jersey State
Village for Epileptics, U.S.A.
(_These papers will be illustrated by Lantern Slides_).
[Sidenote: 4 p.m.]
"La Psicologia Etrica e la Scienca Eugenistica."
(Ethnic Psychology and the Science of Eugenics).
Professor Enrico Morselli, Director of the Clinic for Mental and
Nervous Diseases, Royal University, Genoa.
Discussion.
[Sidenote: 4-45 p.m.]
"Influence de l'age des Parents sur les Caractères Psycho-Physique des
Enfants."
(The Influence of Parental Age on the Psycho-Physiological Characters
of Children).
Professor Antonio Marro,
Director of the Lunatic Asylum, Turin.
Discussion opened by Dr. Ewart.
ENTERTAINMENTS.
[Sidenote: 9-30 p.m.= ]
Her Grace the Duchess of Marlborough will hold a Reception at
Sunderland House, Curzon Street. (The card of invitation should be
given up at the door).
=Officials= and =Delegates=, _who receive their cards in advance_, are
requested to return them at once to the Hon. Secretary, Entertainments
Committee, 30, York Terrace, Harley Street, W., _if they do not intend
to be present_.
=Ordinary Members= of the Congress are requested on their arrival
in London to _apply at the Hospitality Bureau_, at the University for
the invitation card.
SECTION II.
Practical Eugenics.
FRIDAY, JULY 26th.
MORNING SESSION.
[Sidenote: 10 a.m.]
Considérations Générales sur "La Puériculture avant la Procreation."
(General Considerations on "Education before Procreation.")
Professor Adolphe Pinard, Member of the Paris Medical Academy.
Discussion.
[Sidenote: 10-45 p.m.]
"The Bearing of Neo-Malthusianism upon Race Hygiene."
Dr. Alfred Ploëtz, President, International Society for Race Hygiene.
Discussion opened by Dr. Drysdale.
[Sidenote: 11-30 a.m.]
"Rapport sur l'organisation Pratique de l'Action Eugénique."
(Report on the Practical Organisation of Eugenic Action).
Dr. Louis Querton, Professor of the "Université Libre," Brussels.
[Sidenote: 11-50 a.m.]
Discussion opened by Dr. C. W. Saleeby.
[Sidenote: 12-35 p.m.]
"Marriage and Eugenics."
Dr. C. B. Davenport, Director Eugenics Record Office, U.S.A.
[Sidenote: 1-15 p.m.]
LUNCHEON INTERVAL.[G]
[Footnote G: For arrangements see pages 10 and 27.]
SECTION II.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
[Sidenote: 2-30 p.m.]
"Preliminary Report to the First International Eugenics Congress of
the Committee of the Eugenics Section American Breeders' Association
to Study and Report as to the Best Practical Means for cutting off the
Defective Germ Plasm in the Human Population."
Mr. Bleecker van Wagenen, Chairman of Committee.
(_This paper will be illustrated by Lantern Slides_).
Discussion to be opened by Sir John Macdonnell.
[Sidenote: 3-45 p.m.]
"Eugénique Sélection et Déterminisme des Tarés."
(Eugenic Selection and Elimination of Defectives).
Frederic Houssay, Professor of Science, University, Paris.
Discussion.
[Sidenote: 4-30 p.m.]
CLOSE OF MEETING.
ENTERTAINMENTS.
[Sidenote: 5 p.m.]
The Lord Mayor of London will receive the Members of the Congress at
the Mansion House, between the hours of 5 and 7 p.m., when the suites
of rooms will be on view.
[Sidenote: 10 p.m.]
The American Ambassador and Mrs. Whitelaw Reid are giving a Reception
to the Members of the Congress at Dorchester House, Park Lane, at 10
p.m.
(_For directions as to invitation cards see page 11, at foot_).
SECTION IIa.
Education and Eugenics.
SATURDAY, JULY 27TH.
MORNING SESSION.
[Sidenote: 10 a.m.]
"Eugenics and the New Social Consciousness."
G. Smith, Professor of Sociology, Minnesota University, U.S.A.
Discussion to be opened by Mrs. MacCoy Irwin.
[Sidenote: 10-45 a.m.]
"Practicable Eugenics in Education."
Dr. F. C. S. Schiller, Oxford University.
A Discussion will be arranged in which it is hoped several well-known
Educationalists, including Professor Sadler and Dr. Georges Schreiber
will participate.
[Sidenote: 1 p.m.]
LUNCHEON INTERVAL.[H]
[Footnote H: For arrangements see pages 10 and 27.]
[Sidenote: 3 p.m.]
GENERAL MEETING OF CONGRESS.
=Business Agenda.=
To be issued after the Meeting of the Congress Executive Committee on
July 24th, and circulated to all members on the 26th.
[Sidenote: 4 p.m.]
CLOSE OF MEETING.
ENTERTAINMENTS.
The Co-Partnership Tenants have invited Members to visit the =Hampstead
Garden Suburb=, where they will be entertained to tea. The party leaves
South Kensington Station at 2-30 p.m.
Several Luncheon and Tea Parties are also being arranged for this day.
Will any Members wishing to enjoy this hospitality give in their names
not later than the afternoon of Thursday, July 25th, at the Hospitality
Bureau in the Hall of the University?
SUNDAY, JULY 28th.
A Lunch and Garden Party will be given by Mr. Robert Mond to the
Members of the Congress in the Grounds of Combe Park, Sevenoaks (near
London). Guests will be conveyed there and back by special train.
Invitations and all particulars will be issued in the same way as for
the Duchess of Marlborough's reception. (See page 11, at foot).
The Proprietors of the =London Aerodrome= have kindly issued a limited
number of invitations to witness exhibition flights during the
afternoon (weather permitting).
SECTION III.
Sociology and Eugenics.
MONDAY, JULY 29th.
MORNING SESSION.
[Sidenote: 10 a.m.]
"Elite Fisio--Psichica ed Elite Economica."
("The Psycho Physical Elite, and the Economic Elite.")
Achille Loria, Professor of Political Economy, University of Turin.
[Sidenote: 10-25 a.m.]
"The Cause of the Inferiority of Physical and Mental Characters in the
Lower Social Classes."
Alfredo Niceforo, Professor of Statistics at the University of Naples.
(_As these two papers treat of similar subjects, they will be grouped
for discussion_.)
[Sidenote: 11 a.m.]
"La Fertilité des Marriages suivant la Profession et la Situation
Sociale."
(The Fertility of Marriages according to Profession and Social
Position).
Monsieur Lucien March,
Directeur de la Statistique Générale de la France.
Discussion opened by Mr. Bernard Mallett.
[Sidenote: 11-45 a.m.]
"Eugenics and Militarism."
Vernon L. Kellogg, Professor of Entomology, Stanford University.
[Sidenote: 12-30 p.m.]
"Eugenics in Party Organisation."
Roberto Michels, Professor of Political Economy, University of Turin.
[Sidenote: 1 p.m.]
LUNCHEON INTERVAL.[I]
[Footnote I: For Arrangements see pages 10 and 27.]
SECTION IIIa. (Continued).
Sociology and Eugenics.
MONDAY, JULY 29th.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
[Sidenote: 2-30 p.m.]
"The Influence of Race on History."
W. C. D. and Mrs. W. C. D. Whetham, Cambridge.
[Sidenote: 2-55 p.m.]
"Some Interrelations between Eugenics and Historical Research."
Dr. Adams Woods, Harvard Medical School.
(_As these two papers are on similar subjects they will be grouped and
discussed together_).
[Sidenote: 4 p.m.]
"Contributi Demografici ai Problemi dell' Eugenica."
(The Contributions of Demography to Eugenics).
Corrado Gini,
Professor of Statistics, University of Cagliari, Italy.
[Sidenote: 4-45 p.m.]
CLOSE OF SESSION.
ENTERTAINMENTS.
[Sidenote: 9-30 p.m.]
A Reception will be given at the University of London by the President
and Mrs. Leonard Darwin. (Invitations to this reception will be
forwarded to all Members and Associates on their joining the Congress.
Those Members who join on or after Wednesday, 24th, should apply for
their cards at the Hospitality Bureau at the Congress.)
SECTION IV.
Medicine and Eugenics.
TUESDAY, JULY 30th.
MORNING SESSION.
[Sidenote: 10 a.m.]
"Sur la prophylaxie de la Syphilis Héréditaire et son action Eugénique."
(On the Prophylaxis of Hereditary Syphilis and its Eugenic Effect).
Dr. Hallopeau, Professeur à la Faculté de Médecine.
Discussion.
[Sidenote: 10-45 a.m.]
"Alkohol und Eugenik."
(Alcohol and Eugenics).
Dr. Alfred Mjoën, Kristiania, Norway.
[Sidenote: 11-10 a.m.]
"Alcoholisme et Dégénérescence."
Statistiques du Bureau central d'Administration des aliénés de Paris et
du department de la Seine de 1867 à 1912.
(Alcoholism and Degeneracy).
(Statistics from the central office for the management of the insane of
Paris and the Department of the Seine from 1867 to 1912).
Dr. Magnan, of the Asile Saint Anne, Membre de l'Academie de Médecine
Dr. Fillassier, Membre de l'Academie de Médecine.
(_As these two papers are on similar subjects they will be grouped and
discussed together_).
Discussion opened by Dr. Archdall Reid.
[Sidenote: 12-15 p.m.]
"Rassenhygiene und Arztliche Gebürtshilfe."
(Eugenics and Obstetrics).
Dr. Agnes Bluhm, Berlin.
[Sidenote: 1 p.m.]
LUNCHEON INTERVAL.[J]
[Footnote J: For arrangements see pages 10 and 27.]
SECTION IV.
Medicine and Eugenics.
TUESDAY, JULY 30th.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
[Sidenote: 2-30 p.m.]
"Heredity and Eugenics in Relation to Insanity."
Dr. F. W. Mott, F.R.S., Pathologist to the London County Asylums.
(_This paper will be illustrated by Lantern Slides_.)
Discussion.
[Sidenote: 3-15 p.m.]
"The Place of Eugenics in the Medical Curriculum."
H. E. Jordan,
Professor of Histology and Embryology, University of Virginia, and
Chairman Eugenics Section American Breeders' Association for the Study
and Prevention of Infant Mortality.
Discussion.
[Sidenote: 4 p.m.]
"The History of a Healthy, Sane Family showing Longevity, in Catalonia."
Valenti y Vivo,
Professor of Medicine and Toxicology, University of Barcelona Spain.
FAREWELL ADDRESS.
By the President.
THE EXHIBITION.
The Exhibition in connection with the First International Eugenics
Congress will include--(1) Charts, pedigrees, photographs, and
specimens illustrative of Heredity, especially in man. (2) Relics of
Charles Darwin, Sir Francis Galton and Gregor Mendel. (3) Portraits of
Notable Workers.
The Committee desires to make the Exhibition as fully representative
as possible of the past history and present state of the sciences of
Heredity and Eugenics.
Many interesting exhibits have been received from America, France,
Germany and all parts of the United Kingdom.
Professor von Gruber has sent over from the International Race
Hygiene Congress, held in Dresden, in 1911, a collection of exhibits
representative of German work.
The American Eugenics Record Office is sending an important exhibit, as
are also the State Epileptic Colony of New Jersey, and Dr. Goddard, of
Vineland.
Among the British Exhibitors are Major Leonard Darwin, Professor
Punnett, Mr. Wheler, Mr. Whetham, Mr. Nettleship, Mr. E. J. Lidbetter
and many others.
An Illustrated Catalogue is in preparation, and will be on sale at the
Book Stall.
Many of the Exhibitors have signified their intention of attending the
Congress, and their willingness to explain their exhibits to enquirers.
MEMBERS OF GENERAL COMMITTEE.
Sir James Barr, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.E.
Sir Edward Brabrook, C.B.
Sir James Crichton-Browne, F.R.S.
Rev. R. J. Campbell, M.A.
The Hon. Sir John Cockburn, K.C.M.G., M.D.
Montague Crackanthorpe, K.C.
R. Newton Crane, M.A.
A. E. Crawley, M.A.
Sir Henry Cunningham, K.C.I.E.
Francis Darwin, Sc.D., M.B., F.R.S.
Dr. C. B. Davenport.
Dr. Langdon Down.
Havelock Ellis.
The Hon. Sir John Findlay, K.C.M.G., LL.D.
Professor J. J. Findlay, M.A.
Dr. Wilfred Hadley.
Mrs. H. N. C. Heath.
Admiral W. H. Henderson.
Monsieur Huber.
The Very Rev. The Dean of St. Paul's, D.D.
Dr. David Starr Jordan.
R. Dixon Kingham, B.A.
Miss Kirby.
J. Ernest Lane, F.R.C.S.
The Rev. Hon. Edward Lyttelton, M.A.
Lady Owen Mackenzie.
W. C. Marshall, M.A.
Colonel Melville, R.A.M.C.
Lady Ottoline Morrell.
F. W. Mott, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.
G. P. Mudge, F.Z.S.
Professor A. Niceforo.
Mrs. J. Penrose.
Mrs. E. F. Pinsent.
Dr. A. Ploëtz.
Mrs. G. Pooley.
Professor E. B. Poulton, LL. D., D.Sc. F.R.S.
Professor R. C. Punnett, M.A.
Walter Rea, M.P.
G. Archdall Reid, M.B., F.R.S.E.
John Russell, M.A.
Ettie Sayer, M.D.
C. G. Seligmann, M.D.
Professor Arthur Schuster, Ph.D., D.Sc. F.R.S.
Edgar Schuster, M.A., D.Sc.
F. C. S. Schiller, M.A., D.Sc.
Lady Henry Somerset.
Dr. J. W. Slaughter.
W. C. Sullivan, M.D.
Professor J. A. Thomson, M.A.
A. F. Tredgold, L.R.C.P.
Mrs. Alec Tweedie.
W. C. D. Whetham, M.A., F.R.S.
Arnold White.
A. Gordon Wilson, M.D., F.R.C.S.
P. von Fleischl, Hon. Treasurer.
Mrs. Gotto, Hon. Secretary.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Major L. Darwin, _President_.
Paul Von Fleischl, _Hon. Treasurer_.
Mrs. Gotto, _Hon. Secretary_.
H. B. Grylls, _Secretary of the Exhibition_.
Professor Punnett.
Dr. E. Schuster.
Dr. Tredgold.
RECEPTION COMMITTEE.
Her Grace the Duchess of Marlborough.
The Rt. Hon. the Lord Mayor of London.
Lady Aberconway.
Mr. Newton Crane.
Mrs. Leonard Darwin.
Mrs. A. C. Gotto.
Mrs. Whitelaw Reid.
Mrs. Alec-Tweedie, _Hon. Secretary_.
DELEGATES.[K]
[Footnote K: _As Delegates are daily being appointed this list is
necessarily quite incomplete, only those appointments made before June
15th being included._]
American Breeders' Association Professor V. L. Kellogg.
Bleecker van Wagenen.
Assistance Nationale aux Tuberculeux Monsieur Cassiano Veves.
Board of Education Sir George Newman, M.D.
Borough of Holborn Councillor A. Chapman.
Borough of Ealing Councillor Farr.
Borough of Shoreditch Councillor J. Timmins, M.W.B.
British Womens' Emigration Association Mrs. Ross
British Constitution Association Mr. W. H. Southon.
British Academy Rt. Hon. A. J. Balfour.
Cheltenham Ladies' College Dr. Eveline Cargill.
Commonwealth of Australia Sir John Cockburn, K.C.M.G.
Education Department, Wakefield Alderman Hinchliffe.
Entomological Society of London Professor W. Bateson.
Eugenics Education Society of New
Zealand Dr. Emily Siedeberg.
Folk-Lore Society Sir Edward Brabrook.
French Republic Monsieur Lucien March,
Directeur Statistique
Générale de la France.
Incorporated Association of Assistant
Masters in Secondary Schools Mr. F. Charles.
L'Académie de Médecine M. le Prof. Pinard.
Linnean Society Professor W. Bateson.
Liverpool Biological Society Mr. R. D. Laurie.
Local Government Board Dr. Arthur Newsholme.
London County Council Mr. A. O. Goodrich.
Sir John McDougall.
Metropolitan Asylums Board Mr. Walter Dennis.
Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury Dr Lauzun-Brown.
Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth Alderman Major M.
Robinson, L.M.D.
National League for Physical Education
and Improvement Colonel T. H. Hendley,
C.I.E.
National Hospital for the Paralysed and
Epileptic Dr. Risien-Russell.
National Service League
National Society for Epileptics Mr. G. Penn Gaskell.
National Union of Teachers Mr. C. W. Crook.
Newport Elementary Education Committee Dr. J. Lloyd Davies.
Councillor Peter Wright.
North London or University College Hospital
Nurses' Social Union Mrs. Barnes.
Parents' National Education Union Miss E. Parish.
Miss M. Franklin.
Prudential Insurance Co., of America Mr. Frederick Hoffman.
Ranyard Nurses Miss Zoë L. Puxley.
Royal Anthropological Institute Dr. Seligmann.
Royal University of Athens Professor André Andreadis.
Royal College of Surgeons Mr. G. H. Makins, C.B.
Royal Society of Medicine Sir George Savage, M.D.
Royal Statistical Society Dr. Dudfield.
Royal Surgical Aid Society Mr. Henry Allhusen.
Rev. Professor Green.
Société Nationale des Professeurs de
Français en Angleterre Monsieur A. Perret.
Society of Women Journalists Mrs. Bedford Fenwick.
Society of Medical Officers of Health Dr. A. Bustock-Hill.
St. Pancras School for Mothers Lady Meyer,
Mr. Warden.
Union des Associations Internationales,
Brussels Madame van Schelle.
University of Barcelona Professor I. Valenti Vivo.
University of Bristol Professor C. Lloyd Morgan,
F.R.S.
University of Edinburgh Rt. Hon. A. J. Balfour.
University of Glasgow Dr. W. E. Agor.
University of Minnesota Professor S. G. Smith.
University of Oxford Dr. Edgar Schuster, M.A.
University of St. Andrews Professor Edgar
(or) Dr. Heron.
University of Sydney Professor A. Stuart, M.D.
Urban District of Finchley Councillor Royston.
Willesden Urban District Council Councillor Riley.
Women's Freedom League Mrs. Clarke.
First
International Eugenics Congress
LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 24th--TUESDAY, 30th, 1912.
_To_ THE SECRETARY, EUGENICS EDUCATION SOCIETY,
6, York Buildings, Adelphi, London, W.C.
a MEMBER[L]
Kindly enrol my name as an ASSOCIATE[M] of the First International
Eugenics Congress for which I herewith enclose my fee.
for which I will pay on arrival.
(_Cross out one of these lines_).
Name _______________________________________________________________
Profession _________________________________________________________
Address in full ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
(_Kindly write clearly._)
The foregoing data are requested at your earliest convenience, so that
they may be included in the official list of the Congress.
Fees may be paid either by cash, postal money order or cheque, to the
Assistant Treasurer--
Miss E. Sellar,
6, York Buildings,
Adelphi, London, W.C.
=N.B.--Only Members paying in advance will be able to avail themselves
of the reduced Railway fares, as in all cases the Congress Voucher must
be produced before the ticket will be issued.=
[Footnote L: The Membership fee is one pound sterling, equivalent to
twenty-five francs, twenty marks, twenty-eight pesetas, or ten dollars
Mexican currency.]
[Footnote M: The Associate Membership fee is ten shillings, equivalent
to thirteen francs, ten marks, fourteen pesetas, or five dollars
Mexican currency.]
INAUGURAL BANQUET.
APPLICATION FORM.
_To the Hon. Secretary, Entertainments Committee._
Please send me one Ticket for my own use (and one for a guest[N]), Seven
Shillings and Sixpence (10 frcs.) each, for the Inaugural Banquet of the
First International Eugenics Congress to be held at the Hotel Cecil,
Strand, at 7 p.m., July 24th. I enclose £ s. d.
_Name_ _____________________________________________________________
(Member of the Congress).
_Address_ __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
N.B.--This form should be sent immediately to the Hon. Secretary,
Entertainments Committee, 30, York Terrace, Harley Street.
[Footnote N: _Strike out if not wanted._]
LUNCHEONS.
A List of some Restaurants within easy reach of the University.
Open-Air Café, à la Carte
Kensington Gardens 5 minutes walk. (Reasonable Charges).
Imperial Restaurant,
24, Alfred Place 5 " 1/6 Table d'Hôte.
A.B.C. Depôt,
32, Alfred Place 5 " à la Carte
(Adjoining South Kensington (Popular Prices).
Tube Station).
Lyon's Depôt,
Gloucester Road 7 " "
Royal Palace Hotel,
Kensington Gardens 8 " Special 2/6 Table d'Hôte
to Members of Congress
or à la Carte.
Lyon's Depôt,
Brompton Road 8 " à la Carte.
(Popular Prices).
Harrods' Stores,
Brompton Road 12 " 2/- Table d'Hôte or
à la Carte.
* * * * * *
Transcriber's note:
Minor typographical errors were corrected. Some unmatched double
quotation marks were left unchanged because it was not clear
where the missing quotation marks should be.
The following changes were made:
Abstracts of Papers
p. 5: dolicomorphic => dolichomorphic
Programme
p. 16: Handwritten correction of a.m. to p.m. under Entertainments
P. 17: [Greek: geêêaô] not a word! => [Greek: gennaô] = birth