THE EMPIRICAL THEORY AS DEVELOPED BY MALTHUS
§ 1. Malthus a prolific writer on value, and opponent of Ricardo 79
§ 2. An important transfer of emphasis from the “philosophical”
to the “empirical” account 79
§ 3. The law of costs made subordinate to the law of supply and
demand 80
§ 4. Detailed criticism of Ricardo’s labor-cost theory 83
§ 5. Majority of these points of criticism provided for by Ricardo
himself 85
§ 6. Difference between the two economists partly one of emphasis:
ultimate gain of Malthus’ theory 86
§ 7. Note on the question of the invariable measure of value for
all times and places 88