“_5th Aug., 9 p.m._—Learned at the Embassy that the Prussians had taken

Vissembourg yesterday and that General Douai had been killed, one gun

captured. They told me a battle was being fought to-day, the news

hitherto rather unfavourable to the French. MacMahon had 80,000 men

under his command, so it should be a great battle. [This proved to be

the battle of Worth.] I have arranged in case of a defeat to send my

wife and Miss Noel [her cousin Alice Noel who was staying with us] to

Havre with the carriage and horses. I shall stay here myself. Paris has

been very silent this evening. I told Julie at dinner that the Emperor

had been killed. ‘Quant à cela,’ she said, ‘si je vois aujourd’hui

passer son enterrement je ne dirai que tant mieux.’ The weather since

noon has been sultry with an attempt at thunder. There is a heavy black

cloud over the sky to-night.

“_6th Aug._—Last night at half-past ten, hearing that something was

happening on the boulevard I went out. Bands of men were marching up and

down singing patriotic songs, the boulevard crowded, people talking in

knots. There was the rumour of a defeat. (According to the ‘Times’ the

French had been driven out of Vissemberg, one gun taken and 500

unwounded prisoners, also the French camp taken. Vissembourg is a few

miles from Rastadt, where the Prussian Crown Prince has his

headquarters.) I sat down outside Bignon’s to read the ‘National,’ and

was joined there by Malet and Lascelles. They are both staunch

Frenchmen. They considered it looked very bad there being no news. They

knew a severe battle was being fought that afternoon. I dreamed all

night of Prussians and their victories. God rot them!

“This morning I went to the Embassy to volunteer my services to the

Chancery, as they have more work there than they can do. They seemed to

think that after all there had been no fighting yesterday. At half-past

two Julie rushed into the room telling me that a great victory had been

won, the Prince of Prussia and 20,000 prisoners taken. It was too good

to be true, but flags were being put up everywhere in the streets. I

ordered out the carriage and drove down the Rue de Rivoli eastwards and

on round the boulevards. The Faubourg St. Antoine and all the east end

of Paris was a mass of flags and excitement. After the Boulevard des

Italiens, however, on our way back these thinned and at the Madeleine

all was bare as on ordinary days, till on arriving at the Embassy, we

found that the whole thing was a gigantic _canard_. Somebody had posted

up a telegram with this news at the Bourse, and in a couple of hours the

excitement had reached every corner of Paris. In the afternoon an attack

was made by the mob on the Bourse and its frequenters. The man who had

posted up the telegram was nearly torn to pieces, and the Jews and other

rascals who were there had the coats torn off their backs.

“_7th Aug._—This morning the news seems bad. The ‘Figaro’ says that it

is a time for calm and dignity.

“_4 o’clock._—MacMahon has been defeated in a great battle at

Reichshoffen [Worth]. He has retreated on Nancy; his communications with

Metz were cut, but seem now to be restored. On the same day yesterday

General Frossart was driven out of Saarbruck. The Emperor in his

bulletin says that great sacrifices must be made by the country. There

is great depression in Paris. A band of respectable people came past our

house shouting ‘_La patrie en danger! Des fusils! A la frontière!_’ At

this moment a great crowd is collecting round the Tuileries. Julie has

gone out to see what the news is. Claremont says the French have been

outnumbered, that they had not 200,000 men in the field. The Empress is

at the Tuileries. People begin to talk ominously about the present

dynasty. Dalmand at the Tennis Court [he was third _paumier_ to the

tennis court of which I was a member close by in the north-east corner

of the Tuileries Gardens] says he has only one wish, to die by a

Prussian bullet!

“Yesterday a mob assembled at the Place Vendôme and forced Ollivier to

make a speech from his balcony. He promised the news should be placarded

every two hours. Paris is declared in a state of siege. I have ordered

the carriage for ten o’clock to-morrow to drive to Nantes, whence Anne

and Miss Noel will go on to Deauville. I shall return by train. I am

afraid of the horses being seized for the war.

“_5 o’clock._—Julie has come back to say that the Emperor’s despatch was

that he did not know where MacMahon was. This looks very bad.

“The battle where Frossart was beaten was Forbach. MacMahon’s they call

Freshvillers. If MacMahon has been cut off we may expect the French

centre to be attacked on both sides and probably beaten somewhere in

front of Metz.

“_8th August._—No news this morning. MacMahon seems to have joined the

main army before Metz. The Parisians are rapidly becoming demoralized,

the Bonapartists blaming the Republicans, the Republicans the

Bonapartists, and both blaming Fortune. All parties seem inclined to lay

down their arms directly the army is beaten. I was not wrong in

believing that twenty years of Cæsarism had destroyed virtue in France.

It is well to talk of 1792, but the Republicans then were other men than

now, and when their army was beaten the people fought on. To-day French

patriotism is limited to killing the enemy. Nobody cares to be killed.

Paris will probably open her gates to the Germans, and having consented

to a disgraceful peace she will then settle matters with her rulers. I

have sent Anne, Miss Noel, and the horses to Deauville to wait till

events declare themselves. There were no particular disturbances last

night. The English are flying from Paris. I believe Paris to be

impregnable if held by a sufficient force. It is also too large to

invest. If the remains of the army after a defeat were to throw itself

into the capital it might form a nucleus for the whole nation. Let them

proclaim a Republic if they will or take one of the Orleans princes for

king, but let them continue the war. France can never make peace on her

defeat or she must perish. The windows of the Tuileries were lighted all

last night. It is remarkable that not a word of sympathy with the

Empress Eugénie can be heard.

“_7 o’clock._—It is reported, but not officially, that King William

crossed the Rhine last night with 120,000 men at Colmar. I have been

playing tennis with Lascelles. He takes a brighter view of things than I

do. He thinks that a defeat would not end the war, but that a Republic

will be proclaimed under Gambetta or Jules Simon and the war be carried

on. He thinks that if the Prussians enter Paris they will find a

Republic there, and will place the Comte de Paris on the throne, but I

am certain no Orleans Prince would accept the Crown at such hands.

Perhaps Napoleon will put himself in the hands of the Prussians. Who

knows, perhaps Bismarck might re-seat him on his throne. All the foreign

Ministers have been to Lord Lyons to ask what they shall do in case a

Republic is proclaimed. Metternich (the Austrian Ambassador) has sent

his Pauline (Mme. de Metternich) to Calais. As we came out of the tennis

court we saw Persigny driving past in his Victoria towards the

Tuileries.

“_12 o’clock (midnight)._—Dined on the Boulevard. Great crowds of

people. Saw a carriage attacked by twenty or thirty people, a man

standing up in it looking very pale and waving his arms. A troop of

dragoons came down the Boulevard and people cried, ‘_A la frontière!_’

This is because they think no troops should remain at Paris. The

dragoons trotted on to the Louvre and are now in the Carrousel.

“The Prince Imperial has come back and it is said the Emperor was also

there (in the Tuileries); some think he is there now. Ollivier is also

supposed to be in hiding at the Palace, though a cordon of police guards

his house in the Place Vendôme at night. Julienne’s husband, who is head

waiter at the Hôtel Meurice, told Julie that the Comte de Paris was

there five days ago. I believe he will be in Paris again as President or

King before a month is out. Sedition is talked openly and by respectable

persons of all sorts. The ‘Soir’ used guarded but very plain language

to-night and I believe it is certain that the deputies of the Left

signed a document requesting the Bonaparte family to withdraw from

France. If the French can get rid of this incubus they may find heart to

fight their battle out. The Emperor has shown himself in this crisis

what I have always held him to be, an irresolute man, incapable of any

great sustained policy. I believe him to have permitted Grammont’s

original speech on the Hohenzollern question with the intention and full

expectation of the matter being compromised, but the country carried him

away and he was obliged to follow. He has been carried fairly off his

legs; even a great victory could now hardly keep him on his throne. _Il

a gêné la patrie_.” [What I did not know at the time of writing this was

that Napoleon III was incapacitated from playing the difficult part

demanded of him in the crisis by an attack of the stone, which caused

him great suffering. The decision, therefore, between peace and war had

been left practically in the Empress’s hands, to whom the blame of the

decision rightly belongs.]

“I am more hopeful of the National honour to-night. The army beaten, the

French ought still to have heart to win the campaign, holding as they do

the sea [Prussia at that time had almost no navy]. They can in time

starve the enemy out. As I sat at dinner the poet Morin came to speak to

me. He was very earnest in asking my candid opinion on the state of

France. He seemed much _émotioné_, but I noticed that he ate a capital

dinner.

“_9th August, 12 o’clock (noon)._—At the Embassy they talk of a Republic

under the dictatorship of General Trochu. I confess I never heard of him

before. The Chamber opens to-day. Great bands of blouses have marched

there, and a great band also of police. They say the Opposition will

demand the immediate arming of all the citizens of Paris inscribed on

the Electoral Roll. This morning Julie came in to me with my little dog

Rachael dying in her arms.

“Something must have happened to the Emperor; he has either run away or

abdicated or been shot. These ideas pass through one’s mind. No one ever

mentions him.

“_2 p.m._—They are shutting the Tuileries garden gates.

“_6 p.m._—I ran out and found the gates shut, but at the Tennis Court

gate by saying I was a _sociétaire_ they let me in, and looking over the

balustrade of the terrace, saw some thousands of people collected in the

Place de la Concorde and on the Bridge in front of the Corps Législatif.

Biboche and Sérafin and Dalmand, the three _paumiers_, are absurdly

impressioned by the course of events. Biboche is a Bonapartist, Dalmand

a patriot without colour, Etienne, the marker, fancies the Republic, and

Sérafin has _tout simplement_ a wife at home with the scarlet fever. All

look upon France as lost. At three o’clock we were turned out of the

Tennis Court, and the garden was cleared of nurses and lovers. I went

and sat in the Place de la Concorde for an hour, till driven in by a

thunderstorm, which stopped any revolution, if such was intended.

“A band came by our house just now, singing, with a ridiculous young

negro marching in front flourishing a wooden sword. I am beginning to

tire of the crisis. General Lebœuf has resigned his command, Bazaine

becomes Commander-in-Chief. [It was Lebœuf who, when the Emperor asked

him whether the army was completely ready for war, answered ‘_Jusqu’au

dernier bouton_.’]

“_12 p.m. (midnight)._—On a motion by Jules Favre for the organization

and arming of the National Guard throughout France the Government have

been beaten by 243 to 21. A second proposal for the formation of a

Committee of National Defence in the House was also thrown out. In

consequence of the first vote the Ministry has resigned. Count Palikao

(General Montauban) is charged with the formation of a new Ministry.

This is considered as being virtually an overthrow of the Empire. It is

expected that the new Ministry will declare the House the supreme

authority, and that the Imperial Family will be invited to leave France.

Marshal Bazaine has accepted the command in chief. General Changarnier

the Republican has been received by the Emperor at Metz and has appeared

in public with him. [Changarnier had been a rival candidate to Louis

Napoleon when they stood for the Presidentship of the Republic in 1850.]

“I dined with Lascelles and met M. de Hübner (the Austrian). He is a

violent hater of Prussia, but declares that she must crush France. I

cannot think that if only Frenchmen will be true to themselves, if the

army can throw itself into Paris, all may yet be well. Austria, Denmark,

and even England may think it the moment to intervene; Prussia cannot

support a long war with all her ports blockaded. But if the French

accept the terms offered on a defeat they will be lost for ever.

Imperial France has no virtue to fall back upon; a Republic is their

best chance; it is the only name that has a power to rouse.

“When I came home Julie talked of her recollections of the Emperor. She

remembered seeing him when he came back to Paris in 1852, and, when

kneeling on the steps of the Madeleine, he was blessed by the curé. As

he rode from the church and entered the gate leading from the Place de

la Concorde into the Tuileries garden, a crown of flowers was let down

from the upper part of the grille upon his head, and the people called

out for the first time, ‘Vive l’Empereur!’ Three weeks later he was

crowned at Notre Dame. She also talked of his marriage, and Julie knew

the details because she was in Henry Howard’s service, and he was Mrs.

Gould’s lover.[23] Mademoiselle Montijo was taken to Compiègne by Mrs.

Gould, though she was not invited, and there the Emperor saw her out

riding. She was very beautiful, and had a wonderfully fair complexion.

The Emperor, although he knew she was the Marquis d’Aguado’s mistress,

had a caprice for her, and wanted to make her leave Aguado, but she said

he must marry her and he did so, in spite of his friends and Ministers.

He said in his excuse that having, as they told him, done so much for

France, France must do this for him. According to Julie, Napoleon and

Eugénie made _mauvais ménage_ at first, but the Empress had never been

reproached for misconduct since the marriage. The child, the Prince

Imperial, was certainly hers, as any one could see by comparing her

photograph with the boy’s. People had said that he was not, but this was

untrue. Julie has often been with letters from Howard to Mademoiselle

Montijo, when she lived with her mother in the Place Vendôme, _un

misérable entresol sur la cour_. The house is No. 4, I think she said,

in the south-east corner of the square. She and her mother kept two

women servants, a cook and a _bonne_. Julie cited as a sign of the

_misère_ in which they lived, that these women wore handkerchiefs on

their heads instead of caps. Aguado, elder brother of the Comte and

Vicomte, kept a one-horse _remise_ for her, and provided for them in

other ways. Julie declares that, Eugénie had other worshippers, too,

‘_même des Allemands_.’ Aguado was married to an Englishwoman, who is

now remarried to his brother, the Vicomte. He went mad when Mademoiselle

Montijo married the Emperor, and afterwards died. She lived on in the

Place Vendôme till the week before her marriage, when she was taken to

the Tuileries to be married from there at Notre Dame. Such is Julie’s

account. Julie and M. Perrier, Howard’s valet, used to talk these over

together, ‘_Ce pauvre M. Perrier qui est mort_.’ History is written from

such intimate talk.

“My own recollections of the Emperor are not very many. I saw him for

the first time in 1851, on the day of his _coup d’état_, when he became

President for life. We, my brother Francis and I, with our mother, were

passing through Paris on our way to Italy, and we were staying at the

Hotel Wagram, only two doors from my present apartment here in the Rue

de Rivoli. Francis and I went out with our tutor, Edmund Coffin, to see

what was going on in the streets. The Rue de Rivoli was full of people,

and there was a cordon of gendarmes between it and the Place de la

Concorde. ‘_Liberté, Egalité, et Fraternité_’ was still written up

everywhere on the walls. The President rode by close to us with his

Staff, and passed up the Rue Royale. This was a very early recollection,

before he was Emperor. When I next saw him it was at Biarritz in 1863.

He used to walk about there leaning on the arm of his Chamberlain,

Tascher de la Pagerie, moving slowly like an old man. I went one evening

to a ball at the Pavilion, and was presented to him and the Empress. The

Empress reminded me that she had seen me at Madrid some months before,

which was true, for I had been to an audience of the Corps Diplomatique

when she was paying her visit to Queen Isabella. At the ball the Emperor

walked about looking bored, not at all as if he was in his own house. He

is a thick-set, coarsely made man (with legs too short for his body),

and in his uniform might be taken for a sergeant. He has nothing

remarkable in his face, except his cold green eyes, which have a

strangely fascinating, but repellent power. They give him a certain

distinction. I have since, while at the Embassy, been to balls at the

Tuileries, but have never had personal speech with him. I have listened

to him, however, talking once for twenty minutes at a time with Lord

Cowley, at one of the receptions while the Empress was finishing her

_cercle_. They were discussing on that occasion a review there had been

of the English and French fleets, and his remarks were the essence of

commonplace. He has none of the ease of manner, the lightness of

thought, the _esprit Gaulois_ which go so far in France, a heavy, slow-

thinking man, talking French with a provincial accent. It is strange

that such a man should have ruled the French for twenty years. If he had

died a month ago he would have left a great name in history. Now who

knows? He may be ranked on a level with Louis Philippe. Such are the

chances of a man’s glory.

“_10th Aug._—I have drawn £40 in five-franc pieces for the siege. It is

already difficult to change bank notes. The town is quieter to-day. No

news from the army. A list of the new Ministry is published, Palikao, La

Tour d’Auvergne, Magne, Rigault, Girardin—more Bonapartist than ever.

The Chamber supports them for the present. Paris is full of troops, 500

Marines marched past our house this morning on their way to the war, all

stout, smart fellows. I take it no troops have ever fought better than

the French have done.

“I have been reading Prévost Paradol’s last book, ‘La France Nouvelle,’

published last year. The concluding chapter reads prophetically now. He

gives the future of the world to the English race, true enough if it

includes our off-shoots, American and Colonial, but he hardly foresees

what must happen, the extinction of England herself. England’s political

life will be over the day that Holland is annexed to Germany. There is

also little sign of the continuance of the intellectual eminence of our

race. Literature never long survives a nation’s decline, and in the

English speaking off-shoots no sign of intellectual life has yet been

given, though America has had a hundred years of independence. The

English language, however, is never likely to become a dead one. Her

literature will still live, even if it ceases to be productive; in

France it is otherwise. French will be a dead language, as dead at least

as Spanish is. As for German, which is to become the language of Europe,

it shows no sign of producing a readable literature. The only German I

can read is Goethe’s, who took the best of his inspiration from

Rousseau. Where he is purely German, he is pedantic and wearisome.

Germany possesses some good lyric poetry, but romance, tragedy, history,

all are dull. What is really meritorious is the scientific writing, but

that is owing to the matter rather than the manner. The Volkslieder have

the melancholy charm of barbarous poetry, but the serious poets are

without humour. German is bourgeois and its literature bourgeois. [This

is a poor diagnosis. I ought to have at least excepted Heine, but I left

him out, I suppose, as being a Jew living at Paris, and more of a

Frenchman than of a German.]

“_14th Aug._—Deauville. I came here on the night of the 11th, as there

was no special news at Paris. The day I left, old Barre (the doyen of

the Paris Tennis Court) came to breakfast with me and after it we played

tennis, Brinquant making us a _chouette_. Barre was playing in better

form than I can remember him. Brinquant has just been called out to join

the army, being between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-five. He will

have to go as a ‘_simple pioupiou_.’ Substitutes are still to be had at

8,000 francs, but it is considered dishonourable not to march in person.

In the middle of our game a company of grenadiers marched in through the

door by the net, and took formal possession of the Court, turning us

out. The officer in command saluting us politely from the net with his

drawn sword, saying, ‘Messieurs, vous êtes priés d’evacuer le jeu.’

[This proved to be absolutely the last game old Barre, the champion

_paumier_ of his day, ever played, for he died of the hardships of the

siege, though not till 1872. He was a wonderful player, especially on

the floor of the Court, so that though I was then young and active, he

could still give me the walls. In private life he was excellent company,

and some of us used to invite him to restaurant dinners, where his

stories were of the best of an extreme _grivois_ kind, for he had led

the gayest of gay lives.] In the train, as I came down here from Paris,

I got into conversation with two deputies from Mantes. One narrated his

having asked Grammont how it was that the army had been caught

unprepared? Grammont had answered that before making his declaration to

the Chamber he had inquired of Le Bœuf, ‘Are you ready?’ and Le Bœuf had

replied, ‘I can put 600,000 men on the Rhine in a fortnight.’ Everybody

is angry with Le Bœuf.

“A letter is published from the Prince de Joinville offering his

services to the Emperor. Changarnier has been made Commandant de place

at Metz. He is seventy-two years old. On Friday the 12th, Anne, Alice

Noel, and I drove to Glanville, from which village the Glanvilles of

Catchfrench claim originally to have come. There is a château there,

which we visited, of the time of Louis XIII, undergoing restoration by

its proprietor, M. de Glanville, a man of sixty, whom we found at work

weeding in his grounds. I noticed that the coat of arms over the door

was not our English Glanville coat, and he told me that he had not the

pretension of descending from the original family. It must have been a

picturesque old place before the restoration, the avenues and the park

round it good, the elms just like the Cornish elms at Catchfrench, the

country about it beautiful and very English. We then drove on to Pont

l’Evèque, a charming, sleepy old town full of cats, and dined at the

Bras d’or, a drum was beating there, and a crier calling out all men

from twenty-five to thirty-five for the war. Later we saw the mayor

posting up a notice announcing the capture of Nancy by a detachment of

the enemy’s cavalry.

“_16th Aug._—Paris. I came up yesterday morning by train from Deauville,

and on my way to the station read a telegram announcing that the French

army had crossed to the left bank of the Moselle, and meeting the

Prussians in force had repulsed them. The telegram is dated Longueville

and signed Napoleon. The Emperor seems to have left Metz on the 14th at

two o’clock intending to go to Châlons. Nancy, which is in the hands of

the Prussians, is a town of 30,000 inhabitants. It is quite open, and

was occupied by them without resistance. The advance posts of the enemy

have been pushed on to Toul and S. Mihiel.

“Yesterday was the festival of S. Napoleon, probably the last which will

be ever celebrated in France. Paris was silent as the grave, and when I

first arrived I thought a disaster must have happened. Bands of men were

at work on the fortifications. There is much to do before Paris can

resist a siege, houses to be razed and trees cut down. There were no

illuminations and scarcely a flag. I remember the fête of the 15th of

August in 1864 when I had just joined the Embassy as attaché. The

Emperor was then still popular, believed to be the longest head in

Europe. The Place de la Concorde, the Quays and the Invalides were one

great crowd, theatres open to the public gratis, shows and

entertainments at every corner. A balloon was being sent up from the

Champ de Mars. Carriages were forbidden to circulate in the too crowded

streets, all but those of the foreign Ambassadors. I had only that

morning arrived, and Lady Cowley took me with her and her daughter, Lady

Feodore, and Sudley in her own barouche, and we drove up the Champs

Elysées at a foot’s pace, a conspicuous figure in the good-natured

Parisian crowd for the illuminations. Now _quel degringolage!_

“The night before last there was an _émeute_ in the Villette, a band of

men crying ‘Vive la Republique,’ attacked some unfortunate _pompiers_ in

their guard house, killed two or three, and then fired into the mob who

were coming to the rescue. They were some fifty or sixty armed with

daggers and revolvers, but after a show of fight they ran away, some

being caught and almost torn to pieces. The incident has been put down

to ‘the gold of Bismarck,’ just as in former days there was talk of ‘the

gold of Pitt.’ Paris is still full of Germans; there will be a general

massacre of these if it comes to a siege, perhaps of us English too. At

this end of the town everything is quiet. Count d’Aquila who arrived at

Deauville with eighteen of his favourite horses the day before I left,

has made over his house in the Avenue de l’Impératrice for an ambulance,

so I hear has Evans the American dentist.

“_5 p.m._—A letter has been posted officially from the sous-prefet of

Verdun, stating that cannonading was heard the whole of yesterday, and

that it was reported the Prussians had lost 40,000 men the day before

near Metz. On the other hand the ‘Independence Belge’ gives a despatch

from Berlin from King William to the Queen of Prussia announcing a

glorious victory. Edmond About writes in the ‘Soir’ describing the entry

of the Prussians into Saverne and MacMahon’s retreat. The French, he

says, were ridiculously commanded. The Prussians are levying

contributions in France just as they did in Frankfort and Homburg in the

war of 1866.

“_17th Aug._—This is my birthday of thirty, it finds me healthy,

wealthy, and wise, three things I never thought to be. Anne has made me

a birthday present of a silver coffee pot, I have long coveted, a Louis

XVI one of very beautiful French design. I have nothing left to wish for

as a birthday gift, except the destruction of the German army.

“I went last night to the Gymnase theatre, where they gave ‘Diane de

Lys,’ the moral of which is, ‘Il a voulu garder sa femme et il l’a

gardée.’ The French pieces now generally give the _beau rôle_ to the

husband on the stage as is also the case sometimes in real life, such as

in that of Beaumont who wounded his wife’s three lovers one after the

other. One of the three duels was with Metternich. Metternich has, as

all the world knows, been Mme. de Persigny’s lover, and then made court

to Mme. de Beaumont. She taxed him one day with his former devotion, and

to prove to her that it was at an end he made over to her Mme. de

Persigny’s letters to him. These were found by Beaumont in his wife’s

drawer along with letters to her from Metternich. The Ambassador, who is

no Palladin, refused to fight. Beaumont threatened to expose his

treachery to Mme. de Persigny. The matter was laid before the Emperor,

and Metternich, it being decided he must fight, was run through the

body, but soon recovered. Beaumont also wounded du Hallay and another,

whose letters also had been found. Now nobody dares approach Mme. de

Beaumont. Metternich is what is called a _gros fat_, who likes to be

called Monseigneur. I have played tennis with him, but he is a poor

performer. Du Hallay is a fat, funny young man, fond of a joke, but one

would think innocuous in a virtuous household.

“De Voguë, MacMahon’s aide-de-camp, was killed at Worth, a good-looking,

very charming man of about thirty-five, bald, but the ideal of the _beau

militaire_. I used to know him in 1865, meeting him often at Madame

Arcos’ (the Empress Eugénie’s lady in waiting). He was at that time

Princess Poniatowska’s lover—she a very pretty woman, tall, blonde, and

amusing.

“The Orleans Princes have been refused service in the army.

“_18th Aug._—Yesterday at half-past five Blount, the Banker, came to the

Embassy, and announced that a great victory had been won the day before,

the 16th. He stated that he had seen press copies of the despatches, and

that the details were most complete. Schneider, President of the

Chamber, fully believed the news, and Ministers were only waiting to

announce it till written accounts should come. All the result was a

telegram published ‘_hier_ 16. Il y a eu une affaire très sérieuse du

côté de Gravelotte. Nous avons eu l’avantage dans le combat, mais nos

pertes sont grandes. Comte de Palikao.’ And this morning the ‘Figaro’

gives an account of the battle of Borny fought under the walls of Metz,

otherwise called of Longueville. Gallifet is reported to have charged

the enemy. Gallifet is a brave man, and I always liked him in spite of

his swagger. It used to be a fine thing to see him play tennis with

Smijthe of our Embassy, who is a cool-headed man with one shoulder

higher than the other, an accident which gave him an extraordinarily

heavy cut stroke on the floor, most exasperating to Gallifet, who is a

wild hitter. Gallifet plays well, but was overmatched by Smijthe, who

was the best player in the tennis court three years ago. Gallifet used

to call out, ‘Ah dites donc, M. Smijthe, vous m’exasperez avec votre

damnée patience; tappez donc, M. Smijthe.’

“I have been talking with Julie. She tells me her father was maire of a

village in Brittany and her uncle a bishop murdered at the altar during

the revolution. She had a brother older than herself killed in the

campaign of Russia under Bonaparte, and her father died of grief. He

left her a _dot_ of 40,000 francs, but her worthless husband ate it all.

She tells me that we have a _mouchard_ here on the fifth floor, whose

wife is a chatterbox. She has let out to Julie that the Empress has just

sent the husband to England with her jewels.

“_19th Aug._—General Trochu is named Commandant of Paris. I went

yesterday to look at the fortifications. The guns on the walls are

ridiculous old pieces such as my Uncle Toby might have mounted on his

horn work. I was sent about my business by the sergent-de-ville.

Carriages still pass into the Bois de Boulogne over a narrow plank

bridge. The Germans describe the battles of Borny and Gravelotte as

victories, and say the French army has been driven back into Metz.

“_21st Aug._—Caen. I went down on the 19th to Deauville by train, where

I found Anne much better, and the next day, yesterday, we drove here,

stopping at Dives for half an hour to see the church. This is

interesting on account of the list of names kept there of those knights

who followed William of Normandy to England in 1066. I counted some

seventy names of families still existing in England, among them the

Byrons, de Buron. Here at Caen we are at the Hôtel d’Angleterre. The

town is full of conscripts, some in blouses, some in coats, all in red

trousers, young and happy. I have heard more singing in the streets here

these two nights than during all the last fortnight at Paris.

“With difficulty I procured a copy of the Paris ‘Journal.’ Things seem

drifting towards a quarrel with England. The ‘Times,’ which has taken a

violent side for Prussia in the war is now exasperating the French with

its good advice. Now, it says, is the moment for the neutral powers to

insist on peace. I expect to see proposals made for an armistice, to be

followed by peace on the principle of the _status quo ante bellum_,

France to retain Alsace and Lorraine, but with the condition of

immediate disarmament. If such be accepted _tout serait sauvé fort

l’honneur_. I consider the position so critical that, instead of going

to Brittany as we intended, we start to-morrow for the north. France, if

she quarrels with England, will be virtually outlawed and fighting for

her life, and we cannot expect any but the laws of necessity to rule

her. Already the days are being recalled to mind when France threw

defiance in the face of all Europe in the shape of 10,000 heads upon her

scaffolds. She will scarcely stop to distinguish between friend and foe,

but I trust my precautions may not be needed. The French army may yet be

victorious, and the ‘Times’ is not England, but who can say? In the case

of a rupture my sympathies must be with France, but I am bound in form

at least to my own country.

“_22nd Aug._—Pont l’Evèque. We left Caen at ten, and driving on got here

at five, having stopped three hours for breakfast at Dozulé, our inn

there the White Horse, rustic, but good. Another capital country inn

here, the Bras d’or.

“The news to-night is bad, none for two days from Bazaine, who is shut

up in Metz. A letter has come from Lytton in Vienna, who expects nothing

but disaster for the French army. I still believe the Prussians will be

driven out of France. Prussia is blockaded and nearly bankrupt.

“_25th Aug._—On the night of the 23rd we slept at La Bouille, a village

on the Seine to which Rouen merchants go out to dine on summer evenings,

and yesterday to Rouen, Hôtel de France. We shall have to wait here two

days until our carriage wheels have been new tyred.

“The news to-day is better. Communication with Bazaine restored. Bazaine

declares that if he is still in Metz it is that he chooses to stay

there. The news from Prussian head-quarters absolutely contradicts this.

In England they choose to believe the Prussian account. I do not.

Neither Bazaine nor Palikao would dare in the present state of France to

publish news directly false. The position of Englishmen in France is

becoming precarious, indeed of any person without visible occupation.

Prince Lubomirsky was arrested two days ago as a spy, and many quite

innocent people have been mal-treated by the mob. I shall go back to

Paris for a night to see how things are going on, and then drive to

Dieppe and send Anne and Miss Noel to England.

“Strassburg is being besieged. There was a report yesterday that

Phalsbourg had been taken. The King of Prussia has appointed Governors

of Alsace and Lorraine as Prussian provinces.

“_27th Aug._—Rouen. I have been again to Paris. Going up in the train I

heard another spy story. The man who told it seemed to be a Rouen

merchant and the victim a friend from the country, a Normand, a _bel

homme_ of fifty years. He had asked some questions about the mobiles in

front of the barracks, had been arrested by a sergent-de-ville, and got

his clothes torn by the mob. In Paris a decree has been issued expelling

‘_les bouches inutiles_.’ A letter in the ‘Figaro’ asks whether the

ladies of pleasure may be properly so styled. The Government has

answered the question seriously by sending 2,000 of these women to the

Conciergerie, ready to be packed off at a moment’s notice.

“At the Embassy I found them in little anxiety. Brinquant is not yet

ordered off. Webster, the old Queen’s messenger and Philip Currie’s boon

companion, is dead. Lord Hertford has also chosen the moment to die at

Bagatelle, his house in the Bois de Boulogne. He also was a type, the

original of Thackeray’s Lord Steyne. He remained to the day of his death

a patron of the half world, and has left illegitimate children and no

will they say. He was fond of jokes, _à la Regence_. The most amusing of

them was connected with a young clergyman he had engaged as chaplain

[but I forbear transcribing it]. His Lordship has long been _légendaire_

in Paris, yet such is the disturbance in the public mind, his death is

mentioned without special comment in the papers.

“The Prussians are at Châlons, and in a few days, unless great events

happen, must be in front of Paris. The city will be summoned to

surrender and threatened with destruction on refusal. The army is far

away and the garrison insufficient for defence. The Prussians will

hardly postpone a bombardment, and it is possible Paris may be taken by

storm and burnt. The Crown Prince, who is believed to be marching in

advance, probably counts on an insurrection as soon as he shall make his

appearance at the gates, or he would hardly risk so desperate an

adventure with two French armies in his rear. The Chamber is in an

uproar, Gambetta calling for news of the army, but the town is quiet and

cheerful and the Parisians seem ready to do their duty. Trochu has

command of the place. Edmond About, in the ‘Soir,’ croaks ominously. He

has been in the jaws of the lion and dreads its teeth. The ‘Gaulois’

says that the Emperor is in such a state that a surprising announcement

might be any day made. How strange it is to remember the early days of

the war a month ago when the Empress told her son ‘Va donc mon enfant et

sois digne du sang des Bonapartes et des Guzmans,’ and when the train

was out of sight, ‘Sa Majesté redevint femme.’ At the first engagement

at Saarbruck we were told: ‘Le Prince Impériale ne se laissa nullement

impressioner; les vieux soldats le voyant si calm fondirent en larmes .

. . Quand commença la canonade le Prince demanda à l’Empereur “Dites

donc papa c’est une balle qui siffle auprès de nous, ou bien un boulet.”

“On ne peut jamais savoir au juste mon fils,” répondit l’Empereur. . . .

Après la défaite de l’ennemi le Prince Impériale présenta au jeune

Conneau [his favourite playfellow] une balle qu’il avait ramassée sur le

champ de bataille.’ This is what the ‘Gaulois’ used to tell us.

“I left Paris last night, looking sorrowfully on the Tuileries and its

garden, with the trees brown in it like autumn. The sergent-de-ville and

the sentinel stood as usual at the garden gate, the fountain played, the

sun shone, and the children and _bonnes_ chattered as though the world

were not already crumbling about their ears. Julie is left with orders

to bring away the plate and pictures in case of the worst, and I shall

take Anne over to England and then come back if the siege is not begun,

but one cannot foresee. I dream every night of armies and victories and

defeats.”

This was my last visit to Paris before the city was invested by the

German armies and the siege began.

There is not much in my diary worth quoting after this. Having had our

carriage wheels new tyred we drove on to Dieppe, arriving there 29th

August, in heavy rain, to find the whole place full of refugees. “There

are a thousand men drilling here on the beach in blouses with a red

cross on their left sleeves. I am struck with the number of able-bodied

men one sees everywhere idle, although the whole country has been called

to arms. Perhaps there is a want of weapons. Dieppe is full of English

who affect sympathy with Prussia. General Trochu has at the eleventh

hour ordered all the Germans out of Paris within three days, one would

have expected within three hours. The bombardment of Strassburg has done

great damage. Kehl has been burnt. A shell burst in a Pensionnat at

Strassburg where the young ladies were at their history lesson. Seven

were killed. Phalsbourg holds out bravely.

“_30th Aug._—Julie has just arrived from Paris; very amusing about her

troubles in getting away. The Hôtel Meyerbeer, where I used in former

days to lodge, has been sacked. Some Frenchmen came to dine there, and

the landlord (a German), seeing them out at elbows, thought fit to

remark, ‘You are too poor to dine here. I have just got an order from

the King of Prussia for a dinner of ninety covers for this day week.’

The men, upon this, fell on him and wrecked his house. There are said to

be 40,000 Germans in Paris. Our Proprietaire, M. Desfontaines, has come

into No. 204 from Noissy, through fear of the invasion.

“_31st Aug._—The Embassies are to remain at Paris, the Empress Regent

having declared her intention of remaining. Princess Mathilde has sent

away her valuables, as have probably most others who are rich. The

heroism of non-combatants in Paris will be shown mainly in their purses.

I go to England to-morrow to see Francis [my elder brother], who starts

shortly on his way back to Madeira.

“_2nd Sept._—At Worth Forest Cottage. The ‘Daily News’ announces in

large capitals, ‘Decisive Battle, MacMahon totally routed,’ and prints a

telegram from William to Augusta: ‘May God, who has hitherto befriended

us, continue his protection to our arms.’ I felt very sick and angry,

the more so because I have found everybody here at home crowing over

this final result of the war. Awake half the night, thinking bitter

things. There was a great battle before Sedan yesterday.

“_3rd Sept._—Spent the morning fishing at Cinderbanks. On coming in I

heard the news of the surrender of the remains of the French army by

General Wimpfen, MacMahon’s second in command, and of the Emperor. Great

numbers of French and many German soldiers, driven on to Belgian soil,

have laid down their arms. Count Flahault, one of the last men of the

First Empire, died yesterday. Many years ago he eloped to Gretna Green

with the heiress of the Keith Barony, and always after Madame de

Flahault came to England for her _couches_, so that her children should

be British subjects, and her son have a right to his seat in the House

of Lords.

“_5th Sept._—To London for the day, and saw Philip Currie at the Foreign

Office, who gave me an alarming account of the disturbed state of

France. He showed me a letter just come from a girl who was governess at

a French château in the south. She wrote that the peasantry were

surrounding the house.

“_6th Sept._—Back to Dieppe.

“_8th Sept._—Crossed back again with Anne to Newhaven in a gale of wind.

We were thirteen hours at sea, and ran some risk of being driven on to

Beachy Head. At Newhaven we found our Swiss horses, and drove on to

Worth Forest. Before leaving Dieppe I sent Julie a box containing 100

lb. of ship’s biscuits, with a letter of instructions as to her conduct

during the siege. I also offered my apartment to the _maire_ as an

ambulance, but my proprietor refused his consent. [The biscuits

fortunately reached Julie just before communication with Paris ceased,

and proved a Godsend to her during the four months the siege lasted. My

cousin, Francis Currie, whom, though I have said nothing about him in my

diary, I had seen constantly during my last weeks at Paris, making our

speculations on the course of events together, remained on quietly in

his rooms in the Palais Royal right through both siege and Commune,

continuing his philosophic occupation, the pursuit of pleasure, without

disturbance or much hardship. I should have stayed on with him, but for

my wife’s expected confinement, and seen the drama out. It was an

opportunity missed I still regret.]

“_25th Sept._—Since my return to England I have not read a newspaper,

nor shall till peace is made.”

A few extracts from letters, written me just then by my friend Robert

Lytton, dealing with public events, may here be added. He was at the

time first Secretary of Embassy at Vienna, but on leave in England, and

in close touch with all our chief diplomatists.

“_11th Sept._, 1870.—Knebworth. I am very doubtful as to the Germans

claiming Alsace and Lorraine, but if they do claim it, it will be

baseless, abominable, unprecedented, and irredeemable should England

stand by quiescent while her boasted ally of yesterday is being

dismembered. Yet a colleague whom I met yesterday, fresh from the

Foreign Office, told me the Government is firmly resolved to do nothing,

and does not seem to think the situation worth a Cabinet Council. We

shall pay dearly and perhaps more than we can afford by and by for the

excessive prudence of our present policy, which is, I am told, strongly

recommended by Lyons, who is afraid of burning his fingers and losing

his reputation as a safe man. France will, of course, be thrown into the

arms of Russia, and sell her support in the East for a European alliance

of vengeance on her faithless friend across the Channel.”

I remember that my own feeling at the time about Alsace Lorraine was one

of rejoicing that the Germans, whom I hated, should have let slip an

opportunity of high-minded moderation which would have redoubled the

glory of their victories. While at Worth Forest with my brother Francis,

we used to argue the French and the German case, he strongly maintaining

against me that the French defeat had delivered Europe from its chief

danger. Germany, he thought, could never be a serious menace.

“_3rd Oct._, 1870.—Ormeskirk. Odo Russell [our Ambassador at Berlin] who

sees all the despatches now as soon as they arrive, and is therefore a

good authority, writes to his wife, who is here, that Bismarck has

intimated to us his intention of eventually, after taking Paris I

suppose, sending the Emperor back to France with a slice of Belgium by

way of a letter of recommendation to the French people. You may fancy

how this has fluttered our Downing Street dovecote. I can myself hardly

believe the story, but if Bismarck really does play off this practical

joke on us what a _reductio ad absurdum_ it will be of the lauded

prudence of the Gladstone Cabinet in regard to that absurd Belgian

treaty. Odo adds that Bismarck wishes to keep Bazaine locked up in Metz

with the whole garrison till the end of the war, but not to attack them

or destroy them, because it is his wish to hand over to the Emperor at

the end as large a remnant as can yet be saved of the Imperial army.

Meanwhile Russia is certainly arming fast, and the Russian merchants in

the city have already created a panic there by their expressed

apprehension, which seems to me perfectly well founded that she is about

to attack Turkey. I take it that whenever she pleases Russia can do this

with perfect impunity and success.”

“_7th Oct._, 1870.—Knebworth. In connection with the story I mentioned

in my last, Odo says that Bismarck avers that, although it is necessary

to keep Bazaine safe in Metz, he is anxious, if possible, not to starve

or otherwise destroy the army shut up in that town, in order that at the

end of the war he may hand over to the Emperor as much as can be spared

of the Imperial forces for the preservation of order in France. However,

I still disbelieve the story. In a letter which Lady Emily received from

her husband the day I left Lathom, he said: ‘The French Government has

again for the third, and it says for the last time made a most earnest

and pathetic appeal to us as the old friends and allies of France to

come to the rescue, to which we have replied by a long despatch to the

effect that we pity France, but can’t help her. This document is a very

painful one to read, and it is one which I am certain your dear father

[Lord Clarendon] would never have written.’

“Lady Cowley, who did not go to see the Emperor at the request of the

Empress but on her own hook from Frankfort, said he was looking in much

better health than she expected to find him, that he seemed deeply

mortified by the abuse of the French Press, but maintained that he was

still the favourite of the French people, and seemed to count on

returning to the Tuileries. The Empress wrote him a most insulting and

heartless letter calling him a ‘_lâche_,’ the receipt of which was the

occasion of that fainting fit which gave rise to the rumour of his

attempted suicide. He told Lady Cowley that he was literally without a

sixpence. Grammont, who has been staying with Lord Malmesbury, declares

this to be perfectly true, and that the utmost the Emperor’s few

remaining friends hope to be able to make up for him is £1,200 a year.

The Empress, I believe, has some fortune of her own, but they are on the

worst possible terms. I hope I shall soon be able to invite myself to

Worth as Lady Cowley invited herself to Wilhelmshöhe.

“Did you see that the French papers, learning from the English Press

that the Prussians were supplied with the best information from their

general staff, exclaimed in chorus: ‘Nous savons maintenant qui est cet

espion qui a fourni aux Prussiens tant de précieux renseignements; c’est

M. le General Staff, homme d’une astuce remarquable.’”

END OF MY PARIS DIARY OF 1870.

APPENDIX II

Memorandum as to the Evacuation of Egypt

The evacuation of Egypt is a question partly of honour, partly of

prudence. Of honour, in view of the pledges given; of prudence on

military grounds.

If Egypt could be held honourably and without risk of war, there is much

to be said in favour of continuing the English protectorate. It secures

our Mediterranean route to India at a small cost. Its prestige to us is

of value, and we should be spared the discredit of a withdrawal under

French pressure. We owe it, too, to the Egyptians, whose army and

political aspirations we destroyed in 1882, to continue to them our

assistance in their weakness as against other Powers.

Nevertheless the risks appear to me great. Egypt’s position on the Suez

Isthmus is too important geographically to be allowed permanently to any

one European Power by the rest of the Powers. It stands marked out for

neutrality as between them, and France will certainly not consent to our

holding it permanently without a war. As a question of near danger I

have reason to feel sure that a complete agreement has been come to

between France and the Sultan (probably, too, the Czar) regarding it,

and that the return of the Liberal Party to office in England will

determine their joint action.

It is therefore of some urgency to consider whether we are strong enough

by land and sea to refuse at all hazards.

I agree entirely with Mr. Gladstone when he hopes that Lord Salisbury

rather than himself may negotiate the evacuation. Mr. Gladstone’s

position abroad will be weak, as he will be without cordial support from

the Central Powers, while his position in honour towards France will be

hampered by his many pledges. Lord Salisbury could get better terms for

the Egyptians, and would be less likely to sacrifice them to the

exigencies of European diplomacy.

I believe an evacuation might be effected on one or other of the

following lines:

(1) The simplest and most expeditious plan would probably be to hand

over the military responsibility to the Sultan. This would have the

advantage of postponing the ultimate question. It would place Egypt, as

regards European ambitions, under whatever degree of integrity the

Ottoman Empire enjoys. Ottoman troops could certainly guard her southern

frontier and prevent surprise from other quarters. England, this quarrel

about Egypt settled, would then revert to her former friendly relations

with Turkey, and in the event of a break-up of the Empire would be free

to take whatever steps her interests required. As regards Egyptian

opinion, I believe that on the whole it would be not unfavourable to

such a solution. There is no love for the Turks among the fellahin, but

the Sultan’s authority would be accepted by them as natural and legal,

while it must be remembered that the Khedivial rule is also Turkish. The

Sultan, indeed, might be expected to protect in some measure the Arabic-

speaking population against a renewal of oppression by the Turkish

Circassian Pashas, and, in any case, he would be jealous in their favour

of European aggression.

No administrative interference, however, need be conceded if the

transfer of military protection be made under agreement. It is probable

that, if the right claimed for England in the Wolff Convention of

ultimate intervention were withdrawn, France and Russia would not oppose

such a solution.

(2) A better plan, if honestly attempted by England, and as honestly

accepted by the Powers, would be to re-establish the National Government

on liberal and progressive lines, under guarantee of neutrality.

Although much time and opportunity have been wasted during our nine

years of occupation in repressing political life among the Egyptians, I

am still of opinion that something in the shape of Constitutional

Government would give them their best chance of permanent independence

and progress as a race. It must not be forgotten that in 1882 a

Constitution on a European model (decree of March, 1882) was obtained by

the Egyptian National Party, which gave considerable promise of

efficiency as a means of asserting native right against both the Turkish

ruling caste and the European colonists. If it had not been put down by

England’s armed intervention, it would in all likelihood have given a

new impulse of progress not only to Egypt, but to the surrounding

Mohammedan lands. I am of opinion that even yet its restoration at Cairo

would have this effect, and is not impossible. The National

Constitutional Party, though broken as an organization, exists in the

individuals who composed it, and in younger men of a new generation

holding similar ideas. From among these a Ministry could be formed to

set the Constitutional machine in motion under sympathetic English

auspices, nor do I doubt that within a couple of years it would be found

competent to conduct the business of the country without further

military aid. It is by men of this party alone that Sir Evelyn Baring’s

better work in Egypt is appreciated, and it is only to their hands that

the work of continuing it could be reasonably entrusted.

Unfortunately for such a solution, the Constitutional idea finds many

adverse influences under present conditions. The Khedive and the Turkish

Party, which we have replaced in office, are wholly opposed to it. The

European officials representing financial interests consider any form of

popular government less manageable by them than the present absolute

_régime_. And Sir Evelyn Baring would as little approve. Lastly—and this

is perhaps the greatest obstacle—the French and foreign policy generally

in the East desires nothing so little as to see a genuine resuscitation

of political vitality among the native races. Under the present despotic

yet feeble _régime_, France counts on succeeding England in controlling

a weak prince and weaker people until such time as Egypt may fall to her

share of the Ottoman spoils.

The attempt, therefore, if made at all, must be made honestly and with

the thoroughgoing support of a sympathetic English representative,

otherwise it cannot but fail.

(3) The third solution of placing Egypt under joint European

guardianship and political control, is one against which, however it may

recommend itself as a settlement of European differences, I feel bound

to protest in native Egyptian interests.

Under English rule the native populations have been carefully protected,

and their rights maintained against the encroachment of foreign

colonists. But under any other European rule than England’s the reverse

would certainly be the case. Egypt under French or Italian or joint

European control would be exploited in whatever direction it was thought

that revenue could be best increased. The fellahin now enjoying their

hereditary lands would be speedily dispossessed and reduced to a

practical slavery worse than any they have hitherto known, and as a race

would probably be little by little displaced, demoralized, and

extirpated.

As already remarked, the fellahin in 1882, alarmed at this very danger

under the Anglo-French control, had asserted themselves politically and

forced their rulers to grant them a means of self-defence in the form of

a Constitutional Government. They had acquired the support of a large

army with sufficient prestige to deter attack from more than one of the

Powers, and they were backed by much sympathy east and west in their

attempted reforms. Having for our own reasons suppressed all these

possibilities of good for them, it would be a supreme injustice to

overlook their interests now in the settlement to be made. To Mr.

Gladstone especially, who is so largely responsible for the

intervention, it should be a matter of honourable concern that this race

and people should not perish.

(4) To withdraw the British garrison under present conditions and

without a political settlement would be to court future difficulties.

Sir Evelyn Baring’s policy of the last five years, based as it has been

on the view that Egypt was to remain a permanent annex of the Indian

Empire, has practically destroyed all authority there but that of the

English Occupation. Egypt’s present government is a mixed European,

Armenian, and native bureaucracy controlled by half-a-dozen Englishmen

with the British garrison at their back. No native government in any

sense of authority exists. The Khedive, indolent and without initiative,

is a mere dummy Prince. His Ministers, most of them Turks of advanced

years, have been chosen for their pliancy rather than their ability.

Their names have no weight, and their duties are little more than to

sign without reading the documents placed before them. The great

departments of Finance, Irrigation, War, and latterly Justice, are

directed by Englishmen. The army and police have English superior

officers; and even the Interior is, I believe, in process of being taken

over by us.

This Anglicized condition of the Government could not long survive a

withdrawal of the English troops. Even were it consented to by France,

it would rapidly lose its authority. English control, though not

unpopular with the fellahin, is disliked by every class in Cairo and the

towns, and would at once be the object of attack, open or secret.

It is a mistake to suppose the Khedive attached to English influence, or

to be depended on in any way to support it. On the contrary, while

leaning on English support these last ten years he has deeply resented

the usurpation of his authority, and the many indignities he has been

made to accept. It is more than probable that seeing French influence in

the ascendant, he would secretly favour the intrigues which would be

begun against the English commands in the Army and the English Civil

officials. A couple of years would thus see the downfall of the whole

structure of English influence so elaborately reared. In the absence of

any native political organization in the country its government would

then become practically French; and this is doubtless what the French

Foreign Office counts upon. I deprecate such a result both for English

interests, and especially for the Egyptians for the reasons already

given.

Such, I take it, are the various lines on which evacuation could be

effected. If the Liberal Party is prepared with a definite plan by which

Egypt could be provided with a satisfactory Government preparatory to

withdrawing our troops under settlement with the Sultan and Powers, I

think its leaders do well to press evacuation on public attention. But

it is idle for them to entertain the idea that any such Government has

been already formed, or even that a first step in that direction has

been already taken. Sir Evelyn Baring’s policy is entirely one of

remaining in Egypt, and each year sees more and more authority placed in

English hands. Otherwise I see no alternative but to re-establish the

Sultan’s military authority, or to brave the danger of European

complications, as Lord Salisbury will doubtless do, and remain. An

English protectorate would be a lesser evil to the Egyptians than any

form of European Joint Control.

WILFRID SCAWEN BLUNT.

Paris, _Nov. 5_, 1891.

N.B. This memorandum was written for Lytton while staying at the Paris

Embassy, but I am not sure whether he ever read it, for he was lying on

his death bed. Edwin Egerton, however, then first Secretary and _chargé

d’affaires_ of the Embassy, highly approved of it—so much so that he

gave a copy of it to Blowitz, who sent it to the “Times,” where it may

be found, though not quite in its full text.

W. S. B.

APPENDIX III

Mr. Herbert Spencer to Mr. Blunt

[Recd. _October 4_, 1898]

5, Percival Terrace,

Brighton.

DEAR SIR,

For some years I have been casting about for a poet who might fitly

undertake a subject I very much want to see efficiently dealt with. At

one time I thought of proposing it to Mr. Robert Buchanan, who, in

respect of vigour of expression and strength of moral indignation seemed

appropriate, but I concluded that the general feeling with regard to him

would prevent a favourable reception—would, in fact, tend very much to

cancel the effect produced. Afterwards the name of Mr. William Watson

occurred to me as one who had shown feelings of the kind I wished to see

expressed. But admirable as much of his poetry is, the element of power

is not marked; he does not display a due amount of burning sarcasm. Your

recent letter in “The Times,” and since then a review in “The Academy,”

in which there were quotations from your poem, “The Wind and the

Whirlwind,” lead me to hope that you may work out the idea I refer to.

This idea is suggested by the first part of Goethe’s “Faust”—“The

Prologue in Heaven,” I think it is called. In this, if I remember

rightly (it is now some fifty years since I read it), Mephistopheles

obtains permission to tempt Faust: the drama being thereupon initiated.

Instead of this I suggest an interview and dialogue in which Satan seeks

authority to find some being more wicked than himself, with the

understanding that if he succeeds this being shall take his place. The

test of wickedness is to be the degree of disloyalty—the degree of

rebellion against divine government.

Satan gives proof that his rebellion has been less flagitious than that

of men.

He confesses to having been a rebel, but an avowed one.

He has not, like men, professed to worship the Christian God while

perpetually worshipping the pagan gods; he has not day by day sacrificed

with zeal to Thor and Odin, while nominally sacrificing to Jehova.

He is not like men who, tepidly joining in praises of Christ as a model

on one day in the week, on the other six days bring up their sons in

glowing admiration of blood-stained Homeric heroes.

He is not like men who, nominally admitting on Sunday that forgiveness

is a virtue, emphatically insist on and practice on all other days the

duty of blood-revenge.

He has never done like men who, professing the Christian principle of

submitting to injuries, ridicule as idiots the few Christians who

propose to act on that principle.

He has not, while professing to relinquish the savage law of

retaliation—a life for a life—adopted the far more savage law—for one

life many lives.

Satan goes on to urge that he has never with rebellion joined perpetual

insults as men have done.

I have never turned your churches of mercy into pagan temples by hanging

up in them the torn flags of conquered peoples.

I have never blasphemed by thanking you for aiding in mowing down tens

of thousands of men who worshipped you under another name.

I have never blasphemed by calling you Omniscient while ascribing to you

unutterable stupidity—the stupidity of being ready to accept perpetual

professions of obedience as sufficient to cancel perpetual acts of

absolute disobedience: being so pleased with laudations, prayers, and

obeisances as to overlook the contemptuous disregard of peremptory

commands.

THE REPLY

If while sacrificing to me in name men have sacrificed to Pagan gods in

act, it is your doing. You have betrayed them into this rebellion. Only

by your delusions has it been possible to make them think that I should

accept words in place of deeds. Joined though it is with lying and

hypocrisy, the rebellion of these beings is not worse than your

rebellion, because you have prompted it.

SATAN

But if I deceived them it was only because they wished to be deceived.

They wished to gratify their revenge while having the blessings promised

to those who forgive.

REPLY

You cannot be pardoned.

SATAN

But may I mete out their punishments according to their own measure?

They ask to be forgiven their sins as they forgive the sins of others.

May I torture them in proportion to their unforgiveness? For every time

they have professed the religion of love and practised the religion of

hate, may I thrust them a step lower down in hell?

Might not some such ideas as these, presented with power, produce

considerable effects upon a few men, though not perhaps on many?

I am faithfully yours,

HERBERT SPENCER.

END OF APPENDICES

INDEX TO VOLUME I

Abbas II, Khedive of Egypt, 63, 64, 84-93, 97, 98, 101, 108, 110, 113,

116-131, 134-138, 141, 142, 144, 165-168, 195, 207, 208, 210-213,

218-223, 242-244, 246, 247, 268, 271, 277, 285, 286, 363, 366, 368,

369, 374

Abdallah, the Khalifa of Omdurman, 13, 126, 196, 201, 219, 242, 287,

296, 305, 341, 342

Abdu, Sheykh Mohammed, afterwards Grand Mufti of Egypt, 31, 45, 48,

49, 64, 90, 91, 97, 122, 125, 135, 138, 166, 206, 209, 214, 219-221,

225, 243-247, 277, 285, 288, 289, 338, 343, 344, 346, 347, 349, 374

Abdul Hamid, Ottoman Sultan, 96, 99, 100, 102, 105, 113, 119-121, 123,

127, 133, 142, 168, 190, 206-208, 215, 227, 239, 244, 246, 277, 278,

285, 305, 306, 309

Abdullah Pasha Nedj, Ibn Thenneyan Ibn Saoud, 93, 105, 206, 209, 211

Abu Naddara, _see_ Sanua

Abdul Huda, Sheykh, 206, 209, 285

Achmetega, 7, 8

Afghan Frontier, 283

Afridis, The, 285

_Afrits_, 36

Albania, 9

Alexandra, Queen, 382

Ali Bey Kamel, 95

Ali Pasha Sherif, 166, 167, 210, 245

Alsace-Lorraine, 4, 21, 305, 401, 403, 404

Amir Ali, 80

Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 290, 291

Animals, rights of, 343, 346

Aosta, Duchess of, _see_ Hélène, Princess of Paris

Aosta, Duke of, 170, 171

Arabi Pasha, 4, 12, 16, 17, 30, 31, 32, 45, 54, 74, 75, 80, 93-95,

193, 198, 203, 209, 219, 223, 250, 363

Armenia, 103, 106, 173, 185-192, 214, 215, 219, 238, 239, 244

Asquith, H. H., M.P., 72, 117, 140, 141, 145, 146

Asquith, Margot, (Formerly Margot Tennant), 63, 69, 72, 75, 76, 83,

110, 111, 140, 141, 145, 170, 230, 231, 314

Athens, 7, 8, 98

Austin, Alfred, Poet Laureate, 144, 212, 214, 279, 280, 369

Australia, 321

Automobiles, 371

Baggaras tribe, the, 196

Balfour, Rt. Honble. Arthur James, M.P., 22, 53, 54, 72, 281, 290,

291, 322-324

Balfour, Rt. Honble. Gerald, M.P., 60, 70, 172

Bannerman, Rt. Honble. Campbell, M.P., 322, 323

Baring financial crisis, 54

Baring, Sir Evelyn, _see_ Cromer

Barre, celebrated French tennis champion, 396, 397

Beauclerk, Father, 300, 301

Bedouins, The, 221

Belgian treaty, 404

Benedetti, M., French Ambassador at Berlin, 388, 389

Berbers, The, 200, 201, 219

Berlin, Congress of, 109

Bernhardt, Sarah, 102, 103

Bismarck, Prince, 10, 18, 238, 295, 305, 381, 382, 388, 389, 404

Bizerta, 155

Bloemfontein, 326

Blunt, General Walter, Pasha, A.D.C. to the Sultan, 101, 187, 189

Boer War, 327, 328, 331-336, 340, 341, 344, 346, 347, 350, 351, 365,

368, 372, 375, 376, _see also_ Transvaal

Boulanger, General, 2, 3, 4, 20, 57

Bourke, Honble. Algernon, _see_ “Button”

Bourke, Honble. Terence, 153-159

Boutros Pasha, 312

Bowen, Sir George, 89, 90

Brand, Harry, _see_ Hampden

Brandes, Georg, 232

Branicka, Countess, 181, 182, 183

Brewster, Bey, Khedive Abbas’ private secretary, 130, 131

“_Bride of the Nile_,” 113

British Empire, 212, 214, 233, 285, 288, 290, 311, 333, 342, 344, 375,

376

Broadwood, Captain, afterwards General, 127, 128, 199, 200, 201

Browning, Letters of Mrs., 373

Buckle, George Earle, Editor of the “Times,” 226, 328

Budge. Dr., 332

Bulgaria, 179

Buller, General Sir Redvers, 333, 334, 346, 350, 366

Bulwer’s Island, 185

Burne-Jones, Sir Edward, 67, 111, 229, 240, 294, 315

Burton, Sir Richard, 292

“Button,” Honble. Algernon Bourke, 278, 296, 366

Cambon, M., French Ambassador in London, 308, 309, 314

Canterbury Cathedral, 232

Carthage, Site of, 154

Castletown, Lord and Lady, 77, 78

Chamberlain, Rt. Honble. Joseph, M.P., 211, 218, 222, 226, 278, 280,

281, 306, 322, 325, 327, 332, 350, 351, 372

Chess, 156

“Chibine” wreck of, 352-361

China, 369, 375

Churchill, Lord Randolph, M.P., 31, 50, 52, 97, 142

Churchill, Rt. Honble Winston, M.P., 321, 322

Cisterna, 28

Clarendon, Lord, 385

Coal War, 116

Cockerell, Sidney, 293, 294, 351, 352, 358, 365

Cogordan, M., French Minister at Cairo, 209, 215, 287, 364

Congo, The, 376

Constantinople, _see_ also Abdul Hamid, 98, 184, 187, 190

Convention, the Drummond Wolff, 12, 58, 60, 102, 109, 173, 185, 407

Coup d’état (Egypt) 86, 87, 125

Crabbet Club, The, 41, 42, 68, 112, 145, 375

Crete, 296

Crispi, Signor, 217, 365

Cromer, Lord, (now Earl Cromer—formerly Sir Evelyn Baring), 11, 17,

30, 31, 34, 35, 43-50, 61-64, 72, 76, 82, 84-95, 97, 98, 107-110, 116,

118-120, 124-126, 128-132, 135-138, 141, 165, 204-206, 211-213,

218-224, 227, 244-247, 285, 288, 307, 310, 312, 313, 324, 334, 344,

347, 350, 362, 363, 407-409

Currie, Francis Gore, 2, 43, 383, 403

Currie, Sir Philip, afterwards Lord, Ambassador at Constantinople,

112, 184-186, 188, 189, 191, 215, 231

Curzon, Honble. George, afterwards Earl Curzon of Kedleston, 58, 112,

173, 308

Cust, Harry, M.P., 42, 110, 171, 231, 308, 326

Dalmatia, Parties in, 18

Dawkins, Financial Adviser, 224

Delcassé, M., 306, 309

Delta of the Nile, 374

Dervishes, 200, 205, 210, 296

Desert Journeys, 168, 216, 248-275

DeVere, Aubrey, 337

Dilke, Rt. Honble. Sir Charles, M.P., 108

Dillon, John, M.P., 111, 325, 348

Dongola, 193, 201, 205, 206, 220-224, 231, 233, 238, 243

Doughty, Charles, 273

Dreyfus Case, 289, 304, 327-329

Drinkshops, 49, 120, 121

Driving Tours, 70, 148, 234-237, 282, 283

Dufferin, Marquess of, 30, 51, 59, 80, 112, 177

Duran, Carolus, 79

Edward VII, King, _see_ Wales

Egerton, Secretary, 58, 59, 98

Egypt, brigandage in, 43; evacuation of, 49, 58, 60, 74, 88, 94, 108,

109, 115, 116, 117, 120, 185, 214, 215, 218, 245, 350, 406; increase

of rain in, 133; the law in, 247; military occupation of, 43, 44, 107;

nationalism, 11, 84, 138, 165, 350; political situation in, 11, 12,

43; saved from absorption, 25. _See_ also Abbas, Cromer, Tewfik, Abdu

Mohammed, Desert trips, Sheykh Obeyd

El Bekri, Sheykh of Cairo, 87, 89, 90, 96, 123, 124, 285

Ellis, The Honble. Sir Arthur, Equerry to the Prince of Wales, 98, 141

Emin Pasha, 102

Empire, _see_ British Empire

English language, 396

Esterhazy, M., 289

“_Esther_,” 81, 83

Estournelles, M. Constant d’, 109, 110, 308

Eugénie, Empress, 176, 392, 393, 394, 395, 401, 405

Eversley, Lord, 311

European War, 50

Fashoda, 287, 298, 299, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 369

Faure, President, 313

Fayoum, The, 249

Fellahin, The, 45, 46, 48, 194, 408

Fenwick, Pasha, 87, 165

Ferdinand, Prince, 179

Ferrières, M., 78

Filipinos, The, 331, 376

“_Fire and Sword in the Soudan_,” 242

Fogliano, 28

Ford, Rt. Honble. Sir Clare, British Ambassador at Constantinople, 99,

103, 113

France, the Entente with, 59, 309, _see_ Fashoda

Franco-Prussian War, 382, 387-404

Frankfort, 382

Freemantle, Sir Arthur, 163, 164

Froissart’s _Chronicles_, 285

“Frontier incident, The,” 118, 125-130, 134, 136

Gabez, a Palm Oasis, 161

Gallifet, Gen., 328, 329, 399

Galloway, Countess of, 110, 172, 215

Game laws, French, 77

Garah, 273

German Kings, rage for, 387

Germany, 404; intrigues of, 238

Gifford, 173

Ghaleb, Osman Bey, Egyptian Nationalist, 113, 119, 125-127

Gill, T. P., M.P., 218, 227

Gladstone, Rt. Honble. W. E., M.P., 52, 57, 61, 65, 68, 73, 74, 89,

107, 108, 116, 117, 119, 122, 133, 239, 290, 294, 406, 408

Glen, The, 56, 57

Gordon, General C. G., of Khartoum, 32, 130, 242, 296

Gordon, Colonel Bill, nephew to General Gordon, 129, 130, 225, 288,

313, 317, 320, 330

Gorst, Mr., afterwards Sir Eldon, 88, 165, 193, 209, 224, 276, 287

Gosse, Edmund, 145

Government, National, 407

Grammont, 393, 397

Greece, 7-10; War with Turkey, 276, 278, 284, 286

Greenwood, 279

Gregory, Lady, 65, 125, 290, 291

Grey, Rt. Honble. Sir Edward Bart., afterwards Lord Grey of Falloden,

81, 134, 313

Gros Bois, 26, 175, 302, 360, 370

Halévy, Ludovic, 175, 176

Halim, Prince, 16, 61, 106

Hamilton, Sir Edward, permanent official of the Treasury, 53, 108, 109

Hampden, Harry Brand, Lord, 321, 326, 329, 331, 333, 369, 370

Hanotaux, M., 303, 304

Harcourt, Sir William, M.P., 60, 61, 65, 81, 83, 108, 109, 115, 140,

170, 307, 308, 310, 312, 323, 324

Hardinge, Rt. Honble. Sir Arthur of the Diplomatic Service, 88

Harrison, Frederic, 65, 66, 117, 143, 233, 327, 329

Hassan Abu Tawil, Sheykh, 363, 376

Hassan Sherei, 49

Hawarden, 73

Hélène, Princess of France, Duchess of Aosta, 56, 111, 120, 133, 170,

365

Henley, W. E., poet, 108, 109, 232, 278, 290

Herbert, The Honble. Auberon, 235, 236, 282

Holywell, St. Winifrid’s Well in Flintshire, 292, 293, 300, 301

Home Rule, Irish, 41, 51, 65, 66, 67, 111

Horses, 15, 103, 104, 146, 156, 177, 179, 182, 210, 213, 245, 332,

370, 371

Hoyos, Count and Countess George, 18, 75

Hübner, M. de, 394

Huxley, Professor, 146, 332

Hyndman, H. M., 278, 279

Imperialism, 310

India, 80, 138, 285, 347

International Exhibition, 370

Ireland, 25, 27, 40, 51, 65, 290, 348, 349, 375; _see_ Home Rule

Irving, Henry, 280

Italy, Abyssinian expedition, 207, 217; Colonial policy, 230; King of,

230, 370; treaty with, 53

Jameson, Dr., 115, 211, 214, 218, 226, 233, 281, 284

Jameson Raid, The, 211, 280, 283, 334

Japan, war with China, 151, 152

Jemal-ed-Din, Afghani, Seyyid, religious leader of Reform at

Constantinople, 100, 101, 105, 206

Jews in Tunis, 160

Johore, Sultan of, 95, 96, 99, 100, 105

Jowdat, Ismaïl Bey, Director of the Cairo police under the Nationalist

Government, 86

Jubilee Day, 279

Jusserand, M., 175

Kamel, Mustafa Pasha, Egyptian National Leader, 95, 138

Kasr-el-Jibali, 250

Keat’s Memorial Meeting, 145

Kelmscott Manor, 23, 24, 72; Press, 55, 67

Kerouan, 157, 158

Khartoum, 287, 310

Khedive, _see_ Abbas and Tewfik

Kiamil Pasha, Grand Vizier, 11, 188, 306

Kiev, 180

Kimberley, 350

Kipling, Rudyard, 216, 333, 373

Kitchener, General Lord, 95, 118, 126, 131, 134-137, 195, 205, 206,

210, 222, 223, 225, 243, 311, 313, 317, 319-324, 330, 341, 342, 344,

349, 366, 373, 375, 376

Knowles, James, Editor of the “Nineteenth Century,” 122, 306, 307

Kruger, President, 212, 325, 326, 331, 332, 339, 372

Labouchere, Rt. Honble. Henry, M.P., 52, 81, 93, 108, 111, 115, 117,

231, 308

Lacretelle, M., French artist, 3, 4

Ladysmith, 333, 346, 351

Lascelles, Rt. Honble. Sir Frank, Ambassador at Berlin, 134, 145, 220,

231, 389, 392

Laureateship, The Poet, 82, 114, 144, 212, 279

Lauzun’s Memoirs, 178

Lawless, Miss, 173

Lawson, Sir Wilfred Bart., M.P., 52, 319, 322, 345, 369

Leboeuf, General, 393, 397

Leclerc, General, 155

Lefevre, George, 311

Legislative Council, Cairo, 122, 123, 124

Leo X, Pope, 17, 27

Lesseps, M. de, 214

Lisbon, 384

Literature, 396

Little Oasis, 256

Loch Kinnaird, 55

Longleat Park, 236

Lord Mayor of London, 177

Loti, Pierre, 314

Luxor, 194

Lytton, Robert Earl of, 22, 26, 40, 58, 59, 403

Lytton, Lady, 171, 227, 366

Mafeking, relief of, 366, 367

Magician, Moorish, 70, 71

Magnusson, 77

Mahdi, The, 13, 195, 196, 242, 313, 317, 320, 323, 324, 330, 344

Maher Pasha, 136

Malet, Rt. Honble. Sir Edward, Ambassador at Berlin, 144, 282, 384

Malta, 163, 164, 165

Mangasheh, King, 223

Manning, Cardinal, 54, 75, 234, 235

Marchand, General, 287, 305, 306

Margot, _see_ Asquith

Matabele War, 114-117, 224, 237

Maxse, Admiral, 314, 326

Maxse, Miss Violet, 144

Memnon, Statue of, 195

Menelik, King, 217, 223

Meredith, George, 83, 143, 340

Metternich, 398

Metz, 400

Meynell, Wilfrid, 75, 76, 147, 148, 298, 368

Meynell, Dr. Charles, 337

Michel, Louise, 5, 6

Middleton, John Henry, 70, 72, 231

Milan, King of Servia, 19

Militarism, 289, 310, 317

Milner, Sir Alfred, afterwards Lord, 44, 61, 85, 140, 325, 326, 328,

334, 351

Minjowar, Sheykh, of Kasr el Jibali, 249-252, 254

Minshatti Bey, 195, 196

Minshawi Pasha, Egyptian Nationalist, 16, 63

Mirage in Desert, 259

Mivart, Professor D. D., 345, 347, 368

Modernism, 76, 83

Moehli, Ibrahim Bey, 12, 87, 99, 101, 105

Moehli, Mohammed, 12, 30, 48, 87, 93, 95, 96, 100, 105, 119, 125

Morley, Rt. Honble. John, M.P., afterwards Lord Morley of Blackburn,

61, 66, 116, 117, 170, 220, 229, 245, 308, 313, 314, 321

Morocco, 59

Morris, William, 23, 24, 25, 52, 55, 57, 66, 67, 72, 77, 82, 111, 116,

149, 173, 212, 227-232, 238, 240, 294, 308, 315

Mukhtar Pasha Ghazi, the Sultan’s representative at Cairo, 87, 96-98,

119, 131, 167

Munir Pasha, in the Sultan’s service, 99, 102

Mustafa Fehmi Pasha, Prime Minister at Cairo, 87, 92, 138, 204, 219,

220, 222, 223

Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, 81, 176, 311, 392-397, 401

Nassar, Sháhir Ibn, Sheykh of the Harb Bedouins of Hejaz, 32, 33

National Movement, (Egyptian), 11, 84, 135, 138, 165, 350; (Irish),

25, 348

Natural history, 260

Nauplia, 10

Nazli, Princess, 10, 246

Negroes seized in Egypt, 224, 225, 243, 244; “free labour,” 367

Nejd, 206, 207, 286

Nelidoff, M., de, Russian Ambassador at Constantinople, 99, 184, 192

Newbuildings, 170, 227, 278, 293, 306, 371

New Forest, 234, 307

Newman, Cardinal, 338

“New Pilgrimage, A,” 22

“New Review,” 169, 232, 278, 290

“News from Nowhere,” 52

Nietzsche, 346, 347

Nile, Journey to upper, 193-204; valley, 248

Noel, Edward of Eubaea, 9

Noel, Frank of Eubaea, 8, 11, 14

Nölde, Baron de, Russian traveller in Arabia, 140, 143

Norman, Sir Henry, 117

Note, The Joint, 46

Nubar Pasha, Prime Minister at Cairo, 31, 45, 89, 125, 135-137, 167,

204, 313

O’Connor, T. P., M.P., 25, 114

Okeilah, 157-159

Oldhouse, 235

Omdurman, Battle of, 296, 317, 320, 322

Orléans, duc d’, 120, 133

O’Shea, 50, 218

Osman Digna, Mahdist Leader, 13, 17, 29, 348

Osman Pasha, Prince, 10, 208, 288

Ouida, 364, 365

Oxford, 325

Palgrave, Francis, 173

Palgrave, Giffard, 173

Panislamic ideas, 96

Paris, 2, 5, 6, 25, 40, 57, 58, 177, 302, 370, 381, 383-402

Parnell, Charles Stuart, 18, 41, 50, 51, 54, 218, 219

Party, Irish Parliamentary, 348; Liberal, 52

Pasteur, 203, 204

Paul, Kegan, Memoirs of, 337, 367

Peace Congress, 60; Peace and war, 21

Peel, Sir Robert, 170

Pembroke, George, Earl of, 41, 169

“Petticoat, The,” 76

Philæ, 197, 198

Pilgrims, 352, 356, 357, 360-363

Poland, cause of, lost, 183

Politics, 25; American, 107; Bulgarian, 179; Dalmatian, 18; Egyptian,

11, 12, 43; Greek, 8; Irish, 27; Polish, 183; Vatican, 27

Polygamy, 11

Poore, Major, 151

Potocké, Count and Countess Joseph, 177, 178, 180, 280

Powell, York, 316, 325

Pretoria, 368

Prim, General, 386, 387

Purcell, 234, 235

Rashid, Mohammed Ibn, Emir of Nejd, 13, 16, 114, 206, 277, 286

Redmond, John, M.P., 111, 303, 349

“_Resurrection_,” 353

Revelstoke, 54

Reverseaux, M., de, French Minister at Cairo, 86, 124, 125, 129, 138,

144

Rhodes, Cecil, 82, 117, 218, 222, 224, 225, 226, 233, 237, 243, 244,

278, 281, 292, 334, 350, 351

Riaz Pasha, Prime Minister in Egypt, 31, 33, 35, 43, 45, 49, 52, 86,

87, 88, 91, 92, 94, 97, 119, 121, 122, 135, 136, 166, 210

Ripon, Marquess of, 288

Rist, Dr. Edward, 361, 362

Robbers, Attack by, 46-48

Roberts, Lord, 341, 342, 350, 368

Rome, 27, 50, 60

Rosebery, The Earl of, 61, 66, 72, 74, 81-83, 101, 109, 112, 116,

133-135, 138, 140, 169, 170, 191, 215, 241, 308, 372

Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 72, 149, 315

Rothschild, Mme., Alphonse, 78, 176

Rothschilds, the, in Egypt, 278, 279

Rouen, 400

Roumelia, Great Plain of Eastern, 106

Rowton, Lord, 312, 327

Rudolph, Crown Prince of Austria, 19

Ruffer, Dr., 195, 203, 204

Rumpenheim, chateau of, 382

Ruskin, John, 149

Russell, George W., (“A. E.,”) Irish poet, 291

Russell, Odo, 404

Russia, Emperor of, 132

Sabunji, Louis, secretary to Sultan Abdul Hamid, 102, 105

Sackville, Lionel, Lord, 90

Saïd Pasha, 215

St. Anthony, Convent of, 168

St. Fagan’s, 282

St. Louis, shrine of, 154

St Winifred’s Well, 292, 293, 300, 301

Saldanha, 384

Salisbury Cathedral, 236

Salisbury, Marquis, 27, 43, 52, 53, 58, 59, 61, 63, 68, 72, 109, 173,

185, 191, 204, 210, 211, 214, 215, 218-222, 247, 286, 290, 298, 303,

307, 309, 311, 313, 327, 328, 406

Sanderson, Sir Thomas, head of the Foreign Office, afterwards Lord,

327

Sanguscko, Prince and Princess, Polish nobleman, 178-180

Sanua, James (Abdu Naddara) in exile at Paris, 58, 305

Sapieha, Prince John, 181-183

Sargent, J. S., R.A., 314

Sarras, 201, 202

“_Satan Absolved_,” 297, 300, 307, 321, 326, 329, 333, 334, 335, 340,

345, 346

Savernake Forest, 150

Savona, 163, 165

Sedan, 402

Seglawi (horse), 37-39

Selamlik, The, 102

Senussia, The, 251, 254, 272, 276, 363

Sermoneta, The Duke and Duchess of, 28, 29, 218, 230

Sfax, 160

Shahir ibn Nassár, 32, 33

Shaitan, 36

Shakespeare’s house, 148

Shaw, Miss Flora, 226

Shehallion, 56

Sherei Hassan, leader of the Egyptian Fellah Party, 48, 49

Sheridan, Brinsley, 76

Sheykh Obeyd, 11, 13, 30, 43, 46, 85, 118, 137, 165, 193, 204, 217,

226, 243, 275, 284, 338, 374

Siam, French attacking, 112

Siege of Paris, The, 403

Siseranne, M. de la, 305

Sittarah, Lake of, 260

Siwah, Journey to, 244, 247, 266-273

Slatin, Sir Rudolf Pasha, 209, 216, 242

Slavuta, 179, 180

Slivnitza, battle of, 20

Socialism, 5, 6

Soudan, The, 25, 198, 209, 227, 230, 231, 287, 298, 311, 312, 313,

319, 321, 349; _see_ also Dongola

“Souls,” The, 53, 83, 146, 308, 375

South Africa, _see_ Transvaal; Boer War

Spain, abdication of Queen, 386

Spanish-American War, 290, 295, 306

Spencer, Herbert, 297, 317, 318, 319, 326, 333, 342, 410, 411

Staal, M., de, Russian Ambassador to England, 67, 314

“_Stalky_,” 373

Stallion, purchase of a, 37-39

Stambuloff, 179

Stanley Expedition, The, 29

“_Stealing of the Mare_,” 65, 68

Stonehenge, 151

Stonor, Monseignor, 27, 28, 50

Stratford-on-Avon, pilgrimage to, 148, 228

Strickland, Count, 163, 164, 165

Suez Canal, 118

Sus, 159

Sutton Place, 329

Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 55, 82, 114, 212, 229, 333

Symonds, John Addington, 72

Tennant, Lady, 57

Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 77, 229

“_Tercentenary Sonnet, A_,” 149

Tewfik, Khedive, 12, 13, 17, 31, 43, 49, 62, 63

Thompson, Francis, poet, 147, 148, 297, 298

Tichborne, Sir Roger, “the Claimant,” 292

Tigrane Pasha, Armenian Under-secretary for Foreign Affairs at Cairo,

35, 87, 91, 92, 97, 119, 120, 124, 125, 128, 129, 165, 210, 291

Timbuctoo, French occupation of, 128

Tolstoy, 314, 346, 353

“Tomorrow,” A Woman’s Journal for Men, 83

Tonkin, 51

Toski, battlefield, 199, 200

Tourgueneff, 373

Towfik, Dr. Mohammed, 3, 198

Transvaal, The, 211, 214, 218, 222, 226, 232, 238, 244, 278, 280, 281,

323, 325-329, 335, 372, 375

Tree, Beerbohm, 332

Tricoupi, M., Prime Minister in Greece, 8, 9

Tripoli, 162

Tunis, 153, 154, 156, 160

Turin, 365

Turkey, Rosebery willing to partition, 101; _see_ Abdul Hamid; Greece,

War with

Türr, Mme., 8

Tyrrel, Father, 367, 368

Uganda, 77, 81

Ukraine, capital of the, 181

United States of America, 107, 210, 290, 295, 306, 331, 375; _see_

Spanish-American War

Urquhart, 151

Usedom, Count d’, Prussian Ambassador at Frankfort, afterwards in

Italy, 8, 381, 389

Vambéry, Professor, 189, 190

Vatican, The, 27

Vaughan, Cardinal, 75, 368

Vaux, le Vicomte, Château of, 78, 79

“Veiled Protectorate, The,” 84, 85

Venezuela, quarrel between England and U. S., about, 210

Victoria, Queen, 16, 43, 81, 114, 171, 212, 227, 281, 304, 313, 321,

329, 330, 335, 350, 366, 368

Villiers, Charles, 287, 385

Villiers, Frank, 74

Vincennes, Horse Show at, 370

Vincent, Rt. Honble. Sir Edgar, M.P., 88, 101, 105, 119

Wagram, Prince and Princess, 22, 26, 55, 77, 175, 289, 302, 371

Wales, Prince of, afterwards King Edward VII, 141, 142

Walsh, Dr., Archbishop of Dublin, 51

War, _see_ Boer, Franco-Prussian, Japan, Matabele, Spanish-American,

Turco-Greek

Watson, William, 318, 410

Watts, George Frederick, R.A., 33, 55, 70, 315, 316, 319, 337

Watts-Dunton, Theodore, 55, 82, 373

Webb, Philip, architect, 368

Wells Cathedral, 237

Whitehead, Mr., 18

White Horse Hill, 149

Wiart, Carton de, 245, 247

Wilberforce, Reginald, 234

Wilde, Oscar, 42, 58, 66, 145, 146, 169, 375

Wilhelm I, German Emperor, 388, 389, 398

Wilhelm II, German Emperor, 27-29, 54, 59, 169, 212, 220, 230, 305,

306, 322, 335, 343, 375

Wilson, Sir Charles Rivers, 52, 135

Wingate, General Sir Reginald, 209, 225, 242, 349

Wyndham, George, M.P., Irish Chief Secretary, 22, 42, 53, 67, 68, 108,

109, 140, 143, 145, 169, 172, 226, 228, 231, 232, 244, 278, 290, 299,

302, 306, 307, 308, 314, 321, 322, 332, 336, 348, 366, 372, 375

Wyndham, Madeline, 294, 315

Wyndham, Percy, 294, 343

Yeats, W. B., 291, 292

Yellow Terror, 369

Yildiz, Palace, 99, 104

Yusuf, Sheykh Ali, Cairo journalist, 132, 246

Zaghloul, Saad Effendi, afterwards Pasha, member of the Egyptian

Fellah Party, afterwards minister, 48

Zanzibar, 238

Zebehr, Pasha, 16, 17, 137

Zeyd, Bedouin from Nejd in the Author’s service, 36-39

Zola, Émile, 289

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1:

Next came Anarchy, he rode

On a white horse splashed with blood;

He was pale even to the lips,

Like Death in the Apocalypse.

]

[Footnote 2: N.B.—The camel recovered.]

[Footnote 3: For my memorandum, see Appendix II.]

[Footnote 4: Afterwards Ambassador at Constantinople.]

[Footnote 5: Ismaïl Bey Jowdat, director of the Cairo police under the

Nationalist Government in 1882. See my volumes, “Secret History” and

“Gordon at Khartoum.”]

[Footnote 6: Sir Arthur Hardinge, then Secretary of Legation at Cairo,

afterwards our Minister at Brussels.]

[Footnote 7: Lionel Lord Sackville, formerly of the Diplomatic Service,

and Her Majesty’s Minister at Washington.]

[Footnote 8: For Seyyid Jemal ed Din Afghani’s earlier career and his

visit to me in London see my volume, “Gordon at Khartoum.” See also

Professor Browne’s account of the Seyyid in his book on Persia.]

[Footnote 9: See “Secret History.”]

[Footnote 10: This Osman Ghaleb became afterwards the principal friend

and supporter of the National Leader, Mustapha Kamel.]

[Footnote 11: Not long ago, being asked to write a sonnet for the

Shakespeare Tercentenary I embodied my impression gathered on this

occasion at Stratford in the following:

“A TERCENTENARY SONNET

“SHAKESPEARE, what wisdom shall truth tell of thee,

More than fame speaks? The world thy playhouse is

Packed floor to roof to-night with votaries

Shouting thy author’s name vociferously.

They call thee to the curtain front. Ah me,

Hast thou no word for our sublimities,

No cryptogram of grace to crown our bliss?

Nay speak out all, thou man of mystery.

Tell us the truth.—I seem to hear a voice

From far-off Stratford, pestered at the call,

The voice of a hale man of middle age,

Civic, respected: ‘Who are these lewd boys

Would call me back to their fool’s festival?

Truce to all mummings. I have left the stage.’”

_25 February_, 1916.]

[Footnote 12: Malta had been granted a Constitution of very restricted

type by the English Government in 1887, avowedly as an experiment, with

the result that many abuses in the government of the island were

remedied; but a strong movement having been set on foot by the native

Maltese for union with the Italian kingdom the Constitution was

subsequently withdrawn.]

[Footnote 13: Mohammed Rashid, afterwards Sultan Mohammed V.]

[Footnote 14: See “Secret History.”]

[Footnote 15: Compare Dr. Dillon’s “Eclipse of Russia.”]

[Footnote 16: A fortnight or three weeks before Beiram.]

[Footnote 17: Compare Dr. Dillon’s “Eclipse of Russia.”]

[Footnote 18: John Henry Middleton, director of the South Kensington

Museum.]

[Footnote 19: Now Lord Eversley.]

[Footnote 20: Lord Hampden.]

[Footnote 21: Compare Dr. Dillon’s book, “The Eclipse of Russia.”]

[Footnote 22: “Times,” 1900.]

[Footnote 23: The Honble. Henry Howard, Secretary at Paris.]

Transcriber's note:

Most of the changes listed below are based on a previous edition

(Martin Secker, London, 1919-1920):

Page x, Changed: "his first appearence in English" to: "appearance"

Page xv, Changed: "here are certain passages in it" to: "there"

Page xi, Changed: "denunciation of the Imperal Government" to:

"Imperial"

Page 4, Changed: "Lacetelle began to compliment him" to: "Lacretelle"

Page 12, Changed: "Frank Noel, who had came on to Egypt" to: "come"

Page 25, Changed: "was to the Kidderminister electors" to:

"Kidderminster"

Page 38, Changed: "On Salameh, stay you here on one side" to: "O

Salameh"

Page 46, Changed: "the Mohommedan Reform Party was laid" to:

"Mohammedan"

Page 48, Changed: "Saïd Effendi Zaghloul" to: "Saad"

Page 49, Changed: "afterwards Grant Mufti, whom he" to: "Grand"

Page 49, Changed: "chief hope of Liberal Islam in Egyt" to: "Egypt"

Page 60, Changed: "would have been violation of the" to: "a violation"

Page 63, Changed: "Lord Salibury will have his hand" to: "Salisbury"

Page 78, Changed: "more interesting that I had at first imagined" to:

"than"

Page 84, Changed: "an ingenius plan, adopted from" to: "ingenious"

Page 86, Changed: "thought it dates in its beginning" to: "though"

Page 87, Changed: "Mohammed Bey Zoghi and his brother, Rushti Bey" to:

"Zoghli"

Page 89, Changed: "white turban gombaz and abbo" to: "abba"

Page 97-98, Inserted missing line: "favour of Constitutional measures.

I think I made him understand" after: "He had himself always been in"

Page 103, Changed: "twenty of the best and and sell the others" to:

"best and sell"

Page 108, Changed: "for an exacuation if nothing of this" to:

"evacuation"

Page 121, Changed: "know by sight, and old dog-fox, a vixen" to: "an

old"

Page 155, Changed: "speaks to all with the greatset fluency" to:

"greatest"

Page 155, Changed: "Rifault, the French President in Charge" to:

"Resident"

Page 160, Changed: "was of course only to glad to give" to: "too glad"

Page 162, Changed: "has all the feature of our own garden" to:

"features"

Page 162, Changed: "though really beautifully pieces" to: "beautiful"

Page 166, Changed: "I wished to do so once" to: "at once"

Page 171, Changed: "he had a promise of office as soon" to: "he had

had"

Page 172, Changed: "peal of bells, which seemed to be absurd" to: "to

me"

Page 178, Changed: "himself, who has been re-chistened" to: "re-

christened"

Page 184, Changed: "to Ruvukdereh to call on Nelidoff" to:

"Buyukdereh"

Page 196, Changed: "deal about Salatin (Slatin) and Neufelt" to:

"Neufeld"

Page 205, Changed: "to overburden the Eyptian Budget" to: "Egyptian"

Page 206, Changed: "the Ananzeh he assured me" to: "Anazeh"

Page 210, Changed: "his estate accounts at Melhallet el Roh" to:

"Mehallet"

Page 213, Changed: "of Cromer’s wrong-headed adminstration" to:

"administration"

Page 224, Changed: "for the ‘Ninteenth Century.’" to: "Nineteenth"

Page 237, Changed: "along the Mendlip Hills to Wells" to: "Mendip"

Page 240, Changed: "I do not doubt myself among that number" to: "I do

not count myself among the number"

Page 243, Changed: "There were 200 of then, men got together" to: "of

them"

Page 253, Changed: "who planted the palm tress which still" to:

"trees"

Page 257, Changed: "Merzouk, the northern oasis, and ultimately" to:

"oases"

Page 272, Changed: "chief adversaries on horsebask" to: "horseback"

Page 287, Changed: "laughted at the talk that a French flag" to:

"laughed"

Page 291, Changed: "demonstrationes of which he is organizer" to:

"demonstrations"

Page 307, Changed: "opportuniy of asking Lord Salisbury" to:

"opportunity"

Page 309, Changed: "make acquaintance with Loulou’s _financée_" to:

"_fiancée_"

Page 330, Changed: "Kitchener when they went to Natley Hospital" to:

"Netley"

Page 340, Changed: "they’re coming up to dinner Chrismas Day" to:

"Christmas"

Page 346, Changed: "largely to its connecion with" to: "connection"

Page 353, Changed: "shore of the Sinai penisula" to: "peninsula"

Page 356, Changed: "things might mave been worse" to: "have"

Page 359, Changed: "having complained or his dereliction" to: "of his"

Page 362, Changed: "that place where Pharoah and the Egyptians" to:

"Pharaoh"

Page 362, Changed: "be held at Suez on board H.M.S. _Halycon_" to:

"_Halcyon_"

Page 364, Changed: "probably best even scientically" to:

"scientifically"

Page 367 (x2), Changed: "Keegan Paul" to: "Kegan"

Page 385, Changed: "nice litle girl in charge" to: "little"

Page 386, Changed: "prepossessons were strongly Orleanist" to:

"prepossessions"

Page 388, Changed: "ultimately they make make a counter-charge" to:

"may make"

Page 390, Changed: "the Embassay that the Prussians had" to: "Embassy"

Page 395, Changed: "and M. Perrier, Howard’s valent" to: "valet"

Page 395, Changed: "talking once for twenty minues at" to: "minutes"

Page 396, Changed: "playing in better form that I can remember" to:

"than"

Page 397, Changed: "undergoing restoration by its propretor" to:

"proprietor"

Page 401, Changed: "peut jamais savior au juste" to: "savoir"

Page 408, Changed: "displaced, the demoralized, and extirpated" to:

"displaced, demoralized"

Some minor changes in spelling and punctuation have been done

silently.