This is commonly seen in the mammalian female in connection with rupture
of the floor of the vagina during dystokia. It has also been observed
without such lesion in both male and female dogs and horses, the bladder
forming a cystocele of the vagina, or bulging between the anus and the
ischium.
_Diagnosis_ is confirmed by careful palpation through the rectum. The
folding of the bladder backward obstructs the exit of urine.
_Treatment_, essentially surgical, might include replacing of the organ
and suturing of the wound, or, in the absence of a wound, evacuation of
the bladder by a hypodermic needle, and replacing by palpation through
the vagina or rectum. Sometimes suture of the vulva is desirable.