Recorded cases of sarcoma (Mauri), carcinoma (Cadeac, Hink,
Friedberger), and tuberculosis can be adduced. Papilloma is perhaps as
frequent as any of the above. The author has treated two cases of
papilloma in mares complicated with multiple small calculi and gravel.
_Treatment_ is exclusively surgical and in the mare with the widely
dilatable urethra this is sometimes possible through that channel. In
the same animals _diagnosis_ may be accomplished by introducing the
finger into the urethra and bladder. In other females and males, vaginal
or rectal palpation must be resorted to.