Composition. Source. Uses. Toxic action on skin, by inhalation, and by
stomach. Symptoms: acute: chronic. Test. Treatment: emesis,
purgatives, stimulants, tonics, enemata, bleeding, normal salt
solution.
Aniline (Amidobenzene, Phenylamine, C_{6}H_{7}N) is a product of coal
tar produced in the manufacture of benzole and of aniline dyes. Being an
object of large production and consumption in the arts, its toxic action
is seen not infrequently in man, and less so in animals. As used in
confectionery it is so diluted that it is rarely or never injurious. On
textile fabrics, however, it often causes cutaneous irritation, and when
eaten by animals may be toxic. Workmen in the factories usually suffer
from its inhalation.
Turnbull gave ½ dram sulphate of aniline to a dog, inducing vomiting in
2½ hours and purging one hour later. There were accelerated pulse,
labored breathing and paraplegia, followed by recovery in five hours.
Other objective symptoms are coldness of the surface, and a bluish or
purple color of the visible mucosæ, the blood failing to take up oxygen.
In chronic aniline poisoning in man the following symptoms have
appeared: papular, vesicular or pustular skin eruptions, or ulcers on
hands feet and scrotum; an odor of coal tar; anorexia, nausea and
vomiting; headache, vertigo, stupor, ringing of the ears, amblyopia,
muscular spasms, muscular weakness, anæsthesia and motor paralysis
especially of the extremities. The fatal dose is 1½ dr. and upward.
Aniline may be extracted from the tissues by petroleum ether, and on the
evaporation of the solution, it is left as an oily yellowish mass which
gives the following reactions:—with a few drops of sodic hypochlorite a
blue or violet blue; with acids a rose red; with bromine a flesh red.
The _treatment_ must be by elimination by emesis, or purgation, by
removal from aniline fumes or mixtures, and by stimulating and tonic
agents. In place of emesis a stomach tube and lukewarm water in large
amount may be employed to wash out the stomach. For vomiting animals
ipecacuan may be employed. Copious enemata may be given, along with
purgatives, to clear out the bowels. As stimulants strong coffee,
caffein, camphor, or strychnia may be employed. In case of profound
stupor, prostration, or paresis it may be desirable to reduce the amount
of aniline in the system by free bloodletting, care being taken to
inject subcutem, or into a serous cavity, a nearly equivalent amount of
normal salt solution.