SECTION XI.

_Employments of the Women, at the Friendly Islands.--Of the

Men.--Agriculture.--Construction of their Houses.--Their working

Tools.--Cordage and fishing Implements.--Musical Instruments.--Weapons.

--Food and Cookery.--Amusements.--Marriage.--Mourning Ceremonies for the

Dead.--Their Divinities.--Notions about the Soul, and a Future

State.--Their Places of Worship.--Government.--Manner of paying

Obeisance to the King.--Account of the Royal Family.--Remarks on their

Language, and a Specimen of it.--Nautical, and other Observations_.

Their domestic life is of that middle kind, neither so laborious as to

be disagreeable, nor so vacant as to suffer them to degenerate into

indolence. Nature has done so much for their country, that the first can

hardly occur, and their disposition seems to be a pretty good bar to the

last. By this happy combination of circumstances, their necessary labor

seems to yield in its turn to their recreations, in such a manner, that

the latter are never interrupted by the thoughts of being obliged to

recur to the former, till satiety makes them wish for such a transition.

The employment of the women is of the easy kind, and, for the most part,

such as may be executed in the house. The manufacturing their cloth is

wholly consigned to their care. Having already described the process, I

shall only add, that they have this cloth of different degrees of

fineness. The coarser sort, of which they make very large pieces, does

not receive the impression of any pattern. Of the finer sort, they have

some that is striped and chequered, and of other patterns differently

coloured. But how these colours are laid on, I cannot say, as I never

saw any of this sort made. The cloth, in general, will resist water for

some time; but that which has the strongest glaze will resist longest.

The manufacture next in consequence, and also within the department of

the women, is that of their mats, which excel every thing I have seen at

any other place, both as to their texture and their beauty. In

particular, many of them are so superior to those made at Otaheite, that

they are not a bad article to carry thither by way of trade. Of these

mats, they have seven or eight different sorts, for the purposes of

wearing or sleeping upon, and many are merely ornamental. The last are

chiefly made from the tough membraneous part of the stock of the

plantain tree; those that they wear from the _pandanus_, cultivated for

that purpose, and never suffered to shoot into a trunk; and the coarser

sort, which they sleep upon, from a plant called _evarra_. There are

many other articles of less note, that employ the spare time of their

females; as combs, of which, they make vast numbers; and little baskets

made of the same substance as the mats, and others of the fibrous

cocoa-nut husk, either plain, or interwoven with small beads; but all

finished with such neatness and taste in the disposition of the various

parts, that a stranger cannot help admiring their assiduity and

dexterity.

The province allotted to the men is, as might be expected, far more

laborious and extensive than that of the women. Agriculture,

architecture, boat-building, fishing, and other things that relate to

navigation, are the objects of their care.[179] Cultivated roots and

fruits being their principal support, this requires their constant

attention to agriculture, which they pursue very diligently, and seem to

have brought almost to as great perfection as circumstances will permit.

The large extent of the plantain fields has been taken notice of

already, and the same may be said of the yams; these two together, being

at least as ten to one, with respect to all the other articles. In

planting both these, they dig small holes for their reception, and

afterward root up the surrounding grass, which, in this hot country, is

quickly deprived of its vegetating power, and, soon rotting, becomes a

good manure. The instruments they use for this purpose, which they call

_hooo_, are nothing more than pickers or stakes of different lengths,

according to the depth they have to dig. These are flattened and

sharpened to an edge at one end, and the largest have a short piece

fixed transversely, for pressing it into the ground with the foot. With

these, though they are not more than from two to four inches broad, they

dig and plant ground of many acres in extent. In planting the plantains

and yams, they observe so much exactness, that, whichever way you look,

the rows present themselves regular and complete.

[Footnote 179: How remarkably does Captain Cook's account of the

employments of the women and men here, agree with Father Cantova's, of

the Caroline Islanders?--"La principale occupation des hommes, est de

construire des barques, de pecher, et de cultiver la terre. L'affaire

des femmes est de faire la cuisine, et de mettre en oeuvre un espece de

plante sauvagé, et un arbre,--pour en faire de la toile."--_Lettres

Edifiantes et Curieuses_, tom. xv. p. 313.--D.]

The cocoa-nut and bread-fruit trees are scattered about without any

order, and seem to give them no trouble, after they have attained a

certain height. The same may be said of another large tree, which

produces great numbers of a large, roundish, compressed nut, called

_eeefee_; and of a smaller tree that bears a rounded oval nut, two

inches long, with two or three triangular kernels, tough and insipid,

called _mabba_, most frequently planted near their houses.

The _kappe_ is commonly regularly planted, and in pretty large spots;

but the _mawhaha_ is interspersed amongst other things, as the _jeejee_

and _yams_ are; the last of which I have frequently seen in the

insterspaces of the plantain trees at their common distance. Sugar-cane

is commonly in small spots, crowded closely together; and the mulberry,

of which the cloth is made, though without order, has sufficient room

allowed for it, and is kept very clean. The only other plant, that they

cultivate for their manufactures, is the _pandanus_, which is generally

planted in a row, close together, at the sides of the other fields; and

they consider it as a thing so distinct in this state, that they have a

different name for it, which shews, that they are very sensible of the

great changes brought about by cultivation.

It is remarkable, that these people, who, in many things shew much taste

and ingenuity, should shew little of either in building their houses,

though the defect is rather in the design than in the execution. Those

of the lower people are poor huts, scarcely sufficient to defend them

from the weather, and very small. Those of the better sort are larger

and more comfortable, but not what one might expect. The dimensions of

one of a middling size, are about thirty feet long, twenty broad, and

twelve high. Their house is, properly speaking, a thatched roof or shed,

supported by posts and rafters, disposed in a very judicious manner. The

floor is raised with earth smoothed, and covered with strong thick

matting, and kept very clean. The most of them are closed on the

weather-side, (and some more than two-thirds round), with strong mats,

or with branches of the cocoa-nut tree plaited or woven into each other.

These they fix up edgewise, reaching from the eaves to the ground, and

thus they answer the purpose of a wall. A thick strong mat, about two

and one-half or three feet broad, bent into the form of a semicircle,

and set up on its edge, with the ends touching the side of the house, in

shape resembling the fender of a fire-hearth, incloses a space for the

master and mistress of the family to sleep in. The lady, indeed, spends

most of her time during the day within it. The rest of the family sleep

upon the floor, wherever they please to lie down; the unmarried men and

women apart from each other. Or, if the family be large, there are small

huts adjoining, to which the servants retire in the night; so that

privacy is as much observed here as one could expect. They have mats

made on purpose for sleeping on; and the clothes that they wear in the

day, serve for their covering in the night. Their whole furniture

consists of a bowl or two, in which they make _kava_; a few gourds,

cocoa-nut shells, some small wooden stools which serve them for pillows;

and, perhaps, a large stool for the chief or master of the family to sit

upon.

The only probable reason I can assign for their neglect of ornamental

architecture in the construction of their houses, is their being fond of

living much in the open air. Indeed, they seem to consider their houses,

within which they seldom eat, as of little use but to sleep in, and to

retire to in bad weather. And the lower sort of people, who spend a

great part of their time in close attendance upon the chiefs, can have

little use for their own houses, but in the last case.

They make amends for the defects of their houses by their great

attention to, and dexterity, in, naval architecture, if I may be allowed

to give it that name. But I refer to the narrative of my last voyage,

for an account of their canoes, and their manner of building and

navigating them.[180]

[Footnote 180: The reader, by comparing that account with what Cantova

says of the sea-boats of the Caroline Islands, will find, in this

instance, also, the greatest similarity. See _Lettres Edifiantes et

Curieuses_, p. 286.--D.]

The only tools which they use to construct these boats, are hatchets, or

rather thick adzes, of a smooth black stone that abounds at Toofooa;

augres, made of sharks' teeth, fixed on small handles; and rasps of a

rough skin of a fish, fastened on flat pieces of wood, thinner on one

side, which also have handles. The labour and time employed in finishing

their canoes, which are the most perfect of their mechanical

productions, will account for their being very careful of them. For they

are built and preserved under sheds, or they cover the decked part of

them with cocoa leaves, when they are hauled on shore, to prevent their

being hurt by the sun.

The same tools are all they have for other works, if we except different

shells, which they use as knives. But there are few of their productions

that require these, unless it be some of their weapons; the other

articles being chiefly their fishing materials and cordage.

The cordage is made from the fibres of the cocoa-nut husk, which, though

not more than nine or ten inches long, they plait, about the size of a

quill or less, to any length that they please, and roll it up in balls,

from which the larger ropes are made, by twisting several of these

together. The lines that they fish with, are as strong and even as the

best cord we make, resembling it almost in every respect. Their other

fishing implements are large and small hooks. The last are composed

entirely of pearl-shell, but the first are only covered with it on the

back, and the points of both commonly of tortoise-shell; those of the

small being plain, and the others barbed. With the large ones they catch

bonnetos and albicores, by putting them to a bamboo rod, twelve or

fourteen feet long, with a line of the same length, which rests in a

notch of a piece of wood, fixed in the stern of the canoe for that

purpose, and is dragged on the surface of the sea, as she rows along,

without any other bait than a tuft of flaxy stuff near the point. They

have also great numbers of pretty small seines, some of which are of a

very delicate texture. These they use to catch fish with, in the holes

on the reefs, when the tide ebbs.

The other manual employments consist chiefly in making musical reeds,

flutes, warlike weapons, and stools, or rather pillows, to sleep on. The

reed have eight, nine, or ten pieces, placed parallel to each other, but

not in any regular progression, having the longest sometimes in the

middle, and several of the same length; so that I have seen none with

more than six notes, and they seem incapable of playing any music on

them, that is, distinguishable by our ears. The flutes are a joint of

bamboo, close at both ends, with a hole near each, and four others; two

of which, and one of the first only, are used in playing. They apply the

thumb of the left hand to close the left nostril, and blow into the hole

at one end with the other. The middle finger of the left hand is applied

to the first hole on the left, and the fore-finger of the right to the

lowest hole on that side. In this manner, though the notes are only

three, they produce a pleasing, yet simple music, which they vary much

more than one would think possible, with so imperfect an instrument.

Their being accustomed to a music which consists of so few notes, is,

perhaps, the reason why they do not seem to relish any of ours, which is

so complex. But they can taste what is more deficient than their own;

for, we observed, that they used to be well pleased with hearing the

chant of our two young New Zealanders, which consisted rather in mere

strength, than in melody of expression.

The weapons which they make, are clubs of different sorts (in the

ornamenting of which they spend much time), spears, and darts. They have

also bows and arrows; but these seemed to be designed only for

amusement, such as shooting at birds, and not for military purposes. The

stools are about two feet long, but only four or five inches high, and

near four broad, bending downward in the middle, with four strong legs,

and circular feet; the whole made of one piece of black or brown wood,

neatly polished, and sometimes inlaid with bits of ivory. They also

inlay the handles of fly-flaps with ivory, after being neatly carved;

and they shape bones into small figures of men, birds, and other things,

which must be very difficult, as their carving instrument is only a

shark's tooth.

Yams, plantains, and cocoa-nuts, compose the greatest part of their

vegetable diet. Of their animal food, the chief articles are hogs,

fowls, fish, and all sorts of shellfish; but the lower people eat rats.

The two first vegetable articles, with bread-fruit, are what may be

called the basis of their food at different times of the year, with fish

and shell-fish; for hogs, fowls, and turtle, seem only to be occasional

dainties reserved for their chiefs. The intervals between the seasons of

these vegetable productions, must be sometimes considerable, as they

prepare a sort of artificial bread from plantains, which they put under

ground before ripe, and suffer them to remain till they ferment, when

they are taken out, and made up into small balls; but so sour and

indifferent, that they often said our bread was preferable, though

somewhat musty.

Their food is generally dressed by baking, in the same manner as at

Otaheite; and they have the art of making, from different kinds of

fruit, several dishes, which most of us esteemed very good. I never saw

them make use of any kind of sauce, nor drink any thing at their meals

but water, or the juice of the cocoa-nut; for the _kava_ is only their

morning draught. I cannot say that they are cleanly, either in their

cookery, or manner of eating. The generality of them will lay their

victuals upon the first leaf they meet with, however dirty it may be;

but when food is served up to the chiefs, it is commonly laid upon green

plantain leaves. When the king made a meal, he was, for the most part,

attended upon by three or four persons. One cut large pieces of the

joint, or of the fish; another divided it into mouthfuls; and others

stood by with cocoa-nuts, and whatever else he might want. I never saw a

large company sit down to what we should call a sociable meal, by eating

from the same dish. The food, be what it will, is always divided into

portions, each to serve a certain number; these portions are again

subdivided; so that one seldom sees above two or three persons eating

together. The women are not excluded from eating with the men; but there

are certain ranks or orders amongst them, that can neither eat nor drink

together. This distinction begins with the king; but where it ends, I

cannot say.

They seem to have no set time for meals; though it should be observed,

that, during our stay amongst them, their domestic economy was much

disturbed by their constant attention to us. As far as we could remark,

those of the superior rank only drink _kava_ in the forenoon, and the

others eat, perhaps, a bit of yam; but we commonly saw all of them eat

something in the afternoon. It is probable that the practice of making a

meal in the night is pretty common, and their rest being thus

interrupted, they frequently sleep in the day. They go to bed as soon as

it is dark, and rise with the dawn in the morning.[181]

[Footnote 181: Cantova says of his islanders, "Ils prennent leur repos

des que le soleil est couché, et ils se levent avec l'aurore."--_Lettres

Edifiantes et Curieuses_, tom. xv. p. 314.--D.]

They are very fond of associating together; so that it is common to find

several houses empty and the owners of them convened in some other one,

or, rather, upon a convenient spot in the neighbourhood, where they

recreate themselves by conversing and other amusements. Their private

diversions are chiefly singing, dancing, and music performed by the

women. When two or three women sing in concert, and snap their fingers,

it is called _hoobai_; but when there is a greater number, they divide

into several parties, each of which sings on a different key, which

makes a very agreeable music, and is called _heeva_ or _haiva_. In the

same manner, they vary the music of their flutes by playing on those of

a different size; but their dancing is much the same as when they

perform publicly. The dancing of the men (if it is to be called

dancing), although it does not consist much in moving the feet, as we

do, has a thousand different motions with the hands, to which we are

entire strangers; and they are performed with an ease and grace which

are not to be described, nor even conceived, but by those who have seen

them. But I need add nothing to what has been already said on this

subject, in the account of the incidents that happened during our stay

at the islands.[182]

[Footnote 182: If, to the copious descriptions that occur in the

preceding pages, of the particular entertainments exhibited in Hepaee

and Tongataboo, we add the general view of the usual amusements of the

inhabitants of these islands, contained in this paragraph, and compare

it with the quotation from the Jesuit's Letters, in a former note, we

shall be still more forcibly struck with the reasonableness of tracing

such singularly resembling customs to one common source. The argument,

in confirmation of this, drawn from identity of language, has been

already illustrated, by observing the remarkable coincidence of the name

by which the chiefs of the Caroline Islands, and those at Hamao, one of

the friendly ones, are distinguished. But the argument does not rest on

a single instance, though that happens to be a very striking one.

Another of the very few specimens of the dialect of the North Pacific

islanders, preserved by Father Cantova, furnishes an additional proof.

Immediately after the passage above referred to, he proceeds thus: "Ce

divertissement s'appelle, en leur langue, _tanger ifaifil_; qui veut

dire, la plainte des femmes."--_Lettres tres Edifiantes et Curieuses_,

tom. xv. p. 315. Now it is very remarkable, that we learn from Mr

Anderson's collection of words, which will appear in this chapter, that

_la plainte des femmes_, or, in English, _the mournful song of the

women_, which the inhabitants of the Caroline Islands express in their

language _tanger ifaifil_, would, by those of Tongataboo, be expressed

_tangee vefaine_.

If any one should still doubt, in spite of this evidence, it may be

recommended to his consideration, that long separation and other causes,

have introduced greater variations in the mode of pronouncing these two

words, at places confessedly inhabited by the same race, than subsist in

the specimen just given. It appears, from Mr Anderson's vocabulary,

printed in Captain Cook's second voyage, that what is pronounced

_tangee_ at the Friendly Islands, is _taee_ at Otaheite; and the

_vefaine_ of the former, is the _waheine_ of the latter.--D.]

Whether their marriages be made lasting by any kind of solemn contract,

we could not determine with precision; but it is certain, that the bulk

of the people satisfied themselves with one wife. The chiefs, however,

have commonly several women;[183] though some of us were of opinion,

that there was only one that was looked upon as the mistress of the

family.

[Footnote 183: Cantova says of his Caroline islanders, "La pluralité des

femmes est non seulement permise à tous ces insulaires, elle est encore

une marque d'honneur et de distinction. Le _Tamole_ de l'isle d'Huogoleu

en a neuf."--_Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses_, tom. xv. p. 310.--D.]

As female chastity, at first sight, seemed to be held in no great

estimation, we expected to have found frequent breaches of their

conjugal fidelity; but we did them great injustice. I do not know that a

single instance happened daring our whole stay.[184] Neither are those

of the better sort, that are unmarried, more free of their favours. It

is true, there was no want of those of a different character; and,

perhaps, such are more frequently met with here, in proportion to the

number of people, than in many other countries. But it appeared to me,

that the most, if not all of them, were of the lowest class; and such of

them as permitted familiarities to our people, were prostitutes by

profession.

[Footnote 184: At the Caroline Islands, "Ils ont horreur de l'adultere,

comme d'une grand pêché."--_Ibid_. tom. xv. p. 310.--D.]

Nothing can be a greater proof of the humanity of these people, than the

concern they shew for the dead.[185] To use a common expression, their

mourning is not in words, but deeds. For, besides the _tooge_ mentioned

before, and burnt circles and scars, they beat the teeth with stones,

strike a shark's tooth into the head, until the blood flows in streams,

and thrust spears into the inner part of the thigh, into their sides

below the arms-pits, and through the cheeks into the mouth. All these

operations convey an idea of such rigorous discipline, as must require

either an uncommon degree of affection, or the grossest superstition, to

exact. I will not say, that the last has no share in it; for sometimes

it is so universal, that many could not have any knowledge of the person

for whom the concern is expressed. Thus we saw the people of Tongataboo

mourning the death of a chief at Vavaoo; and other similar instances

occurred during our stay. It should be observed, however, that the more

painful operations are only practised on account of the death of those

most nearly connected with the mourners.[186] When a person dies, he is

buried, after being wrapped up in mats and cloth, much after our manner.

The chiefs seem to have the _fiatookas_ appropriated to them as their

burial-places; but the common people are interred in no particular spot.

What part of the mourning ceremony follows immediately after, is

uncertain; but that there is something besides the general one, which is

continued for a considerable length of time, we could infer, from being

informed, that the funeral of Mareewagee's wife, as mentioned before,

was to be attended with ceremonies that were to last five days, and in

which all the principal people were to commemorate her.

[Footnote 185: How the inhabitants of the Caroline Islands express their

grief on such occasions, may be seen, _ibid_. tom. xv. p. 308.--D.]

[Footnote 186: The practice of wounding the body on the death of

friends, appears to have existed in ancient times, and among different

people. Moses forbids it to the Israelites, in Levit. xix. 28. "Ye shall

not make _any cutting in your flesh_ for the dead, nor print any mark

upon you." So in Deut. xiv. 1.; and Parkhurst, in his Heb. Lexicon,

commenting on the passage in Deuteronomy, says, the word rendered _to

cut_, is of more general signification, including "all assaults on their

own persons from immoderate grief, such as beating the breasts, tearing

the hair, &c. which were commonly practised by the heathen, who have no

hope of a resurrection." He instances in the Iliad xix, line 284, in the

Eneid iv, line 673, the case of the Egyptians mentioned by Herodotus, Q.

85, and several other passages in different writers. It would be easy to

find out similar examples in the accounts of more modern nations. But

the subject is not very inviting to extensive research.--E.]

Their long and general mourning proves that they consider death as a

very great evil. And this is confirmed by a very odd custom which they

practise to avert it. When I first visited these islands, during my last

voyage, I observed that many of the inhabitants had one or both of their

little fingers cut off, and we could not then receive any satisfactory

account of the reason of this mutilation.[187] But we now learned, that

this operation is performed when they labour under some grievous

disease, and think themselves in danger of dying. They suppose, that the

Deity will accept of the little finger, as a sort of sacrifice

efficacious enough to procure the recovery of their health. They cut it

off with one of their stone hatchets. There was scarcely one in ten of

them whom we did not find thus mutilated in one or both hands, which has

a disagreeable effect, especially as they sometimes cut so close, that

they encroach upon the bone of the hand, which joins to the amputated

finger.[188]

[Footnote 187: Cantova's account of the practice of the Caroline

Islands, is as follows: "Lorsqu'il meurt quelque personne d'un rang

distmgué, ou qui leur est chere par d'autres endroits, ses obseques se

font avec pompe. Il y eu a qui renferment le corps da défunct dans un

petit edifice de pierre, qu'ils gardent au-dedans de leur maisons.

D'autres les enterrent loin de leurs habitations."--_Lettres Edifiantes

et Curieuses_, tom. xv. p. 308, 309.--D.]

[Footnote 188: It may be proper to mention here, on the authority of

Captain King, that it is common for the inferior people to cut off a

joint of their little finger, on account of the sickness of the chiefs

to whom they belong.--D.]

From the rigid severity with which some of these mourning and religious

ceremonies are executed, one would expect to find, that they meant

thereby to secure to themselves felicity beyond the grave; but their

principal object relates to things merely temporal. For they seem to

have little conception of future punishment for faults committed in this

life. They believe, however, that they are justly punished upon earth;

and consequently use every method to render their divinities propitious.

The Supreme Author of most things they call _Kallafootonga_, who, they

say, is a female residing in the sky, and directing the thunder, wind,

rain, and, in general, all the changes of weather. They believe, that

when she is angry with them, the productions of the earth are blasted;

that many things are destroyed by lightning; and that they themselves

are afflicted with sickness and death, as well as their hogs and other

animals. When this anger abates, they suppose that every thing is

restored to its natural order; and it should seem that they have a great

reliance on the efficacy of their endeavours to appease their offended

divinity. They also admit a plurality of deities, though all inferior to

_Kallafootonga_. Amongst them, they mention _Toofooa-boolootoo_, god of

the clouds and fog; _Talleteboo_, and some others, residing in the

heavens. The first in rank and power, who has the government of the sea,

and its productions., is called _Futtafaihe_, or, as it was sometimes

pronounced, _Footafooa_, who, they say, is a male, and has for his wife

_Fykava kajeea_; and here, as in heaven, there are several inferior

potentates, such as _Vahaa fonooa, Tareeava, Mattaba, Evaroo_, and

others. The same religious system, however, does not extend all over the

cluster of the Friendly Isles; for the supreme god of _Hepaee_, for

instance, is called _Alo Alo_; and other isles have two or three of

different names. But their notions of the power and other attributes of

these beings are so very absurd, that they suppose they have no farther

concern with them after death.

They have, however, very proper sentiments about the immateriality and

the immortality of the soul. They call it life, the living principle,

or, what is more agreeable to their notions of it, an _Otooa_, that is,

a divinity, or invisible being. They say, that immediately upon death,

the souls of their chiefs separate from their bodies, and go to a place

called _Boolootoo_, the chief, or god, of which is _Gooleho_. This

_Gooleho_ seems to be a personification of death; for they used to say

to us, "You, and the men of Feejee (by this junction meaning to pay a

compliment, expressive of their confession of our superiority over

themselves), are also subject to the power and dominion of _Gooleho_."

His country, the general receptacle of the dead, according to their

mythology, was never seen by any person; and yet, it seems, they know

that it lies to the westward of Feejee; and that they who are once

transported thither, live for ever; or, to use their own expression, are

not subject to death again, but feast upon all the favourite products of

their own country, with which this everlasting abode is supposed to

abound. As to the souls of the lower sort of people, they undergo a sort

of transmigration; or, as they say, are eat by a bird called _loata_,

which walks upon their graves for that purpose.

I think I may venture to assert, that they do not worship any thing that

is the work of their own hands or any visible part of the creation. They

do not make offerings of hogs, dogs, and fruit, as at Otaheite, unless

it be emblematically; for their _morais_ were perfectly free from every

thing of the kind. But that they offer real human sacrifices, is, with

me, beyond a doubt. Their _morais_ or _fiatookas_, (for they are called

by both names, but mostly by the latter), are, as at Otaheite, and many

other parts of the world, burying-grounds, and places of worship; though

some of them seemed to be only appropriated to the first purpose; but

these were small, and, in every other respect, inferior to the others.

Of the nature of their government, we know no more than the general

outline. A subordination is established among them, that resembles the

feudal system of our progenitors in Europe. But of its subdivisions, of

the constituent parts, and in what manner they are connected, so as to

form a body politic, I confess myself totally ignorant. Some of them

told us, that the power of the king is unlimited, and that the life and

property of the subject is at his disposal. But the few circumstances

that fell under our observation, rather contradicted than confirmed the

idea of a despotic government. Mareewagee, old Toobou, and Feenou, acted

each like petty sovereigns, and frequently thwarted the measures of the

king, of which he often complained. Neither was his court more splendid

than those of the two first, who are the most powerful chiefs in the

islands; and, next to them, Feenou, Mareewagee's son, seemed to stand

highest in authority. But, however independent on the despotic power of

the king the great men may be, we saw instances enough to prove, that

the lower order of people have no property, nor safety for their

persons, but at the will of the chiefs to whom they respectively belong.

Tongataboo is divided into many districts; of above thirty of which we

learned the names. Each of these has its particular chief, who decides

differences, and distributes justice within his own district. But we

could not form any satisfactory judgment about the extent of their power

in general, or their mode of proportioning punishments to crimes. Most

of these chiefs have possessions in other islands from whence they draw

supplies. At least, we know this is so with respect to the king, who, at

certain established times, receives the product of his distant domains

at Tongataboo, which is not only the principal place of his residence,

but seemingly of all the people of consequence amongst these isles. Its

inhabitants, in common conversation, call it the Land of Chiefs, while

the subordinate isles are distinguished by the appellation of Lands of

Servants.

These chiefs are, by the people, styled not only lords of the earth, but

of the sun and sky; and the king's family assume the name of Futtafaihe,

from the god so called, who is probably their tutelary patron, and

perhaps their common ancestor. The sovereign's peculiar earthly title is

however, simply _Tooee Tunga_.

There is a decorum observed in the presence of their principal men, and

particularly of their king, that is truly admirable. Whenever he sits,

down, whether it be in an house, or without, all the attendants seat

themselves at the same time, in a semicircle before him, leaving always

a convenient space between him and them, into which no one attempts to

come, unless he has some particular business. Neither is any one allowed

to pass, or sit behind him, nor even near him, without his order or

permission, so that our having been indulged with this privilege, was a

significant proof of the great respect that was paid us. When any one

wants to speak with the king, he advances and sits down before him,

delivers what he has to say in a few words, and, having received his

answer, retires again to the circle. But if the king speaks to any one,

that person answers from his seat, unless he is to receive some order,

in which case he gets up from his place, and sits down before the chief

with his legs across, which is a posture to which they are so much

accustomed, that any other mode of sitting is disagreeable to them.[189]

To speak to the king standing, would be accounted here as a striking

mark of rudeness, as it would be with us, for one to sit down and put on

his hat, when he addresses himself to his superior, and that superior on

his feet and uncovered.

[Footnote 189: This is peculiar to the men; the women always sitting

with both legs thrown a little on one side. We owe this remark to

Captain King.--D]

It does not, indeed, appear that any of the most civilized nations have

ever exceeded this people in the great order observed on all occasions,

in ready compliance with the commands of their chiefs; and in the

harmony that subsists throughout all ranks, and unites them, as if they

were all one man, informed with, and directed by the same principle.

Such a behaviour is remarkably obvious, whenever it is requisite that

their chiefs should harangue any body of them collected together, which

is frequently done. The most profound silence and attention is observed

during the harangue, even to a much greater degree than is practised

amongst us, on the most interesting and serious deliberations of our

most respectable assemblies. And whatever might have been the subject of

the speech delivered, we never saw an instance, when any individual

present shewed signs of his being displeased, or that indicated the

least inclination to dispute the declared will of a person who had a

right to command. Nay, such is the force of these verbal laws, as I may

call them, that I have seen one of their chiefs express his being

astonished, at a person's having acted contrary to such orders, though

it appeared, that the poor man could not possibly have been informed in

time to have observed them.[190]

[Footnote 190: Cantava gives us the same account of the profound

submission of the Caroline islanders, to the orders of the _Tamole_.

"Ils reçoivent ses ordres avec le plus profond respect. Ses paroles sont

autant d'oracles, qu' on revere."--_Lettres Edifiantes & Curieuses_,

tom. xv. p. 312.--D.]

Though some of the more potent chiefs may vie with the king in point of

actual possessions, they fall very short in rank, and in certain marks

of respect, which the collective body have agreed to pay the monarch. It

is a particular privilege annexed to his sovereignty, not to be

punctured nor circumcised, as all his subjects are. Whenever he walks

out, every one whom he meets must sit down till he has passed. No one is

allowed to be over his head; on the contrary, all must come under his

feet, for there cannot be a greater outward mark of submission, than

that which is paid to the sovereign, and other great people of these

islands, by their inferiors. The method is this; the person who is to

pay obeisance, squats down before the chief, and bows the head to the

sole of his foot, which, when he sits, is so placed, that it can be

easily come at, and having tapped, or touched it with the under and

upper side of the fingers of both hands, he rises up and retires. It

should seem that the king cannot refuse any one who chooses to pay him

this homage, which is called _moe moea_; for the common people would

frequently take it into their heads to do it when he was walking, and he

was always obliged to stop, and hold up one of his feet behind him, till

they had performed the ceremony. This, to a heavy unwieldy man, like

Poulaho, must be attended with some trouble and pain; and I have

sometimes seen him make a run, though very unable, to get out of the

way, or to reach a place where he might conveniently sit down. The

hands, after this application of them to the chief's feet, are, in some

cases, rendered useless for a time; for, until they be washed, they must

not touch any kind of food. This interdiction, in a country where water

is so scarce, would seem to be attended with some inconvenience, but

they are never at a loss for a succedaneum; and a piece of any juicy

plant, which they can easily procure immediately, being rubbed upon

them, this serves for the purpose of purification, as well as washing

them with water. When the hands are in this state, they call it _taboo

rema_. _Taboo_, in general, signifies forbidden, and _rema_ is their

word for hand.

When the _taboo_ is incurred, by paying obeisance to a great personage,

it is thus easily washed off. But, in some other cases, it must

necessarily continue for a certain time. We have frequently seen women,

who have been _taboo rema_, fed by others. At the expiration of the

time, the interdicted person washes herself in one of their baths, which

are dirty holes, for the most part, of brackish water. She then waits

upon the king, and, after making her obeisance in the usual way, lays

hold of his foot and applies it to her breast, shoulders, and other

parts of her body. He then embraces her on each shoulder, after which

she retires, purified from her uncleanness. I do not know that it is

always necessary to come to the king for this purpose, though Omai

assured me it was. If this be so, it may be one reason why he is, for

the most part, travelling from island to island. I saw this ceremony

performed by him two or three times, and once by Feenou, to one of his

own women; but as Omai was not then with me, I could not ask the

occasion.

_Taboo_, as I have before observed, is a word of an extensive

signification. Human sacrifices are called _tangata taboo_; and when any

thing is forbidden to be eat, or made use of, they say, that is _taboo_.

They tell us, that if the king should happen to go into a house

belonging to a subject, that house would be _taboo_, and could never be

more inhabited by the owner; so that wherever he travels, there are

particular houses for his reception. Old Toobou at this time presided

over the _taboo_, that is, if Omai comprehended the matter rightly, he

and his deputies inspected all the produce of the island, taking care

that every man should cultivate and plant his quota, and ordering what

should he eat, and what not. By this wise regulation, they effectually

guard against a famine; a sufficient quantity of ground is employed in

raising provisions, and every article thus raised, is secured from

unnecessary waste.

By another prudent regulation in their government, they have an officer

over the police, or something like it. This department, when we were

amongst them, was administered by Feenou, whose business, we were told,

it was to punish all offenders, whether against the state, or against

individuals. He was also generalissimo, and commanded the warriors when

called out upon service; but by all accounts this is very seldom. The

king frequently took some pains to inform us of Feenou's office; and,

among other things, told us, that if he himself should become a bad man,

Feenou would kill him. What I understood by this expression of being a

bad man, was, that if he did not govern according to law, or custom,

Feenou would be ordered, by the other great men, or the people at large,

to put him to death. There should seem to be no doubt, that a sovereign

thus liable to be controuled, and punished for an abuse of power, cannot

be called a despotic monarch.

When we consider the number of islands that compose this little state,

and the distance at which some of them lie from the seat of government,

attempts to throw off the yoke, and to acquire independency, it should

seem, might be apprehended. But they tell us that this never happens.

One reason why they are not thus disturbed, by domestic quarrels, may be

this: That all the powerful chiefs, as we have already mentioned, reside

at Tongataboo. They also secure the dependence of the other islands, by

the celerity of their operations; for if, at any time, a troublesome and

popular man should start up in any of them, Feenou, or whoever holds his

office, is immediately dispatched thither to kill him. By this means,

they crush a rebellion in its very infancy.

The orders, or classes, amongst their chiefs, or those who call

themselves such, seemed to be almost as numerous as amongst us; but

there are few, in comparison, that are lords of large districts of

territory, the rest holding their lands under those principal barons, as

they may be called. I was indeed told, that when a man of property dies,

everything he leaves behind him falls to the king; but that it is usual

to give it to the eldest son of the deceased, with an obligation to make

a provision out of it for the rest of the children. It is not the custom

here, as at Otaheite, for the son, the moment he is born, to take from

the father the homage and title, but he succeeds to them at his decease,

so that their form of government is not only monarchical, but

hereditary.

The order of succession to the crown has not been of late interrupted;

for we know, from a particular circumstance, that the Futtafaihes

(Poulaho being only an addition to distinguish the king from the rest of

the family) have reigned in a direct line, for at least one hundred and

thirty-five years. Upon enquiring, whether any account had been

preserved amongst them, of the arrival of Tasman's ships, we found that

this history had been handed down to them from their ancestors, with an

accuracy which marks, that oral tradition may sometimes be depended

upon. For they described the two ships as resembling ours, mentioning

the place where they had anchored, their having staid but a few days,

and their moving from that station to Annamooka. And by way of informing

us how long ago this had happened, they told us the name of the

Futtafaihe who was then king, and of those who had succeeded, down to

Poulaho, who is the fifth since that period, the first being an old man

at the time of the arrival of the ships.

From what has been said of the present king, it would be natural to

suppose, that he had the highest rank of any person in the islands. But,

to our great surprise, we found it is not so; for Latoolibooloo, the

person who was pointed out to me as king, when I first visited

Tongataboo, and three women, are, in some respects, superior to Poulaho

himself. On our enquiring who these extraordinary personages were, whom

they distinguish by the name and title of Tammaha?[191] we were

told, that the late king, Poulaho's father, had a sister of equal rank,

and elder than himself; that she, by a man that came from the island of

Feejee, had a son and two daughters, and that these three persons, as

well as their mother, rank above Futtafaihe the king.

[Footnote 191: The reader need not be reminded that Tamoloa, which

signifies a chief, in the dialect of Hamao, and Tammaha, become the

same word, by the change of a single letter, the articulation of which

is not very strongly marked.--D.]

We endeavoured, in vain, to trace the reason of this singular

pre-eminence of the _Tammahas_, for we could learn nothing besides this

account of their pedigree. The mother, and one of the daughters called

Tooeela-kaipa, live at Vavaoo. Latoolibooloo, the son, and the other

daughter, whose name is Moungoula-kaipa, reside at Tongataboo. The

latter is the woman who is mentioned to have dined with me on the 21st

of June. This gave occasion to our discovering her superiority over the

king, who would not eat in her presence, though she made no scruple to

do so before him, and received from him the customary obeisance, by

touching her foot. We never had an opportunity of seeing him pay this

mark of respect to Latoolibooloo, but we have observed him leave off

eating, and have his victuals put aside, when the latter came into the

same house. Latoolibooloo assumed the privilege of taking any thing from

the people, even if it belonged to the king; and yet, in the ceremony

called _Natche_, he assisted only in the same manner as the other

principal men. He was looked upon, by his countrymen, as a madman; and

many of his actions seemed to confirm this judgment. At Eooa, they

shewed me a good deal of land said to belong to him; and I saw there a

son of his, a child, whom they distinguished by the same title as his

father. The son of the greatest prince in Europe could not be more

humoured and caressed than this little _Tammaha_ was.

The language of the Friendly Islands has the greatest affinity

imaginable to that of New Zealand, of Wateeoo, and Mangeea; and,

consequently, to that of Otaheite and the Society Islands. There are

also many of their words the same with those used by the natives of

Cocos Island, as appears from the vocabulary collected there by Le Maire

and Schouten.[192] The mode of pronunciation differs, indeed,

considerably, in many instances, from that both of New Zealand and

Otaheite, but still a great number of words are either exactly the same,

or so little changed, that their common original may be satisfactorily

traced. The language, as spoken at the Friendly Islands, is sufficiently

copious for all the ideas of the people; and we had many proofs of its

being easily adapted to all musical purposes, both in song and in

recitative, besides being harmonious enough in common conversation. Its

component parts, as far as our scanty acquaintance with it enabled us to

judge, are not numerous; and, in some of its rules, it agrees with other

known languages. As for instance, we could easily discern the several

degrees of comparison, as used in the Latin, but none of the inflections

of nouns and verbs.

[Footnote 192: See this vocabulary, at the end of vol. ii. of

Dalrymple's Collection of Voyages. And yet, though Tasman's people used

the words of this vocabulary in speaking to the natives of Tongataboo,

(his Amsterdam,) we are told, in the accounts of his voyage, that they

did not understand one another;--a circumstance worth observing, as it

shews how cautious we should be, upon the scanty evidence afforded by

such transient visits as Tasman's, and, indeed, as those of most of the

subsequent navigators of the Pacific Ocean, to found any argument about

the affinity, or want of affinity, of the languages of the different

islands. No one, now, will venture to say, that a Cocos man, and one of

Tongataboo, could not understand each other. Some of the words of Horn

Island, another of Schouten's discoveries, also belong to the dialect of

Tongataboo.--See Dalrymple, as above.--D.]

We were able to collect several hundreds of the words; and, amongst

these, are terms that express numbers as far as a hundred thousand,

beyond which they never would reckon. It is probable, indeed, that they

are not able to go farther; for, after having got thus far, we observed,

that they commonly used a word which expresses an indefinite number. A

short specimen, selected from the larger vocabulary, is here inserted,

with the corresponding words, of the same signification, as used at

Otaheite, on the opposite column; which, while it will give, as we may

say, ocular demonstration of their being dialects of the same language,

will, at the same time, point out the particular letters, by the

insertion, omission, or alteration of which, the variations of the two

dialects, from each other, have been effected.

It must be observed, however, that our vocabularies of this sort must

necessarily be liable to great mistakes. The ideas of those, from whom

we were to learn the words, were so different from ours, that it was

difficult to fix them to the object of enquiry. Or, if this could be

obtained, to learn an unknown tongue from an instructor who did not know

a single word of any language that his scholar was conversant with,

could not promise to produce much. But even when these difficulties

were surmounted, there still remained a fruitful source of mistake, I

mean, inaccuracy in catching exactly the true sound of a word, to which

our ears had never been accustomed, from persons whose mode of

pronunciation was, in general, so indistinct, that it seldom happened

that any two of us, in writing down the fame word, from the same mouth,

made use of the same vowels in representing it. Nay, we even, very

commonly, differed about consonants, the sounds of which are least

liable to ambiguity. Besides all this, we found, by experience, that we

had been led into strange corruptions of some of the most common words,

either from the natives endeavouring to imitate us, or from our having

misunderstood them. Thus, _cheeto_ was universally used by us, to

express a thief, though totally different from the real word, in the

language of Tongataboo. The mistake arose from a prior one, into which

we had run, when at New Zealand. For though the word that signifies

thief there, be absolutely the same that belongs to the dialect of the

Friendly Islands, (being _kaeehaa_ at both places,) yet by some blunder,

we had used the word _teete_, first at New Zealand, and afterwards at

Tongataboo, on our arrival there. The natives, endeavouring to imitate

us as nearly as they could, and so fabricating the word _cheeto_; this,

by a complication of mistakes, was adopted by us as their own. Great

care has been taken to make the following table as correct as

possible:--

English. _Friendly Islands. Otaheite_.

_The sun_, Elaa, Eraa.

_Fire_, Eafoi, Eahoi.

_Thunder_, Fatoore, Pateere.

_Rain_, Ooha, Eooa.

_The wind_, Matangee, Mataee.

_Warm_, Mafanna, Mahanna.

_The clouds_, Ao, Eao.

_Land_, Fonooa, Fenooa.

_Water_, Avy, Evy.

_Sleep_, Mohe, Moe.

_A man_, Tangata, Taata.

_A woman_, Vefaine, Waheine.

_A young girl_, Taheine, Toonea.

_A servant_, or _person Tooa, Toutou, _or_ teou.

of mean rank_,

_The dawn_, or Aho Aou.

_daybreak_,

English. _Friendly Islands. Otaheite_.

_The hair_, Fooroo, Eroroo.

_The tongue_, Elelo, Erero.

_The ear_, Tareenga, Tareea.

_The beard_, Koomoo, Ooma.

_The sea_, Tahee, Taee.

_A boat_, or _canoe_, Wakka, Evaa.

_Black_, Oole, Ere.

_Red_, Goola, Oora, oora.

_A lance_, or _spear_, Tao, Tao.

_A parent_, Motooa, Madooa.

_What is that_? Kohaeea? Yahaeea?

_To hold fast_, Amou, Mou.

_To wipe_ or _clean_ Horo, Haroee.

_any thing_,

_To rise up_, Etoo, Atoo.

_To cry_, or _shed tears_, Tangee, Taee.

_To eat_, or _chew_, Eky, Ey.

_Yes_, Ai, Ai.

_No_, Kaee, Aee.

_You_, Koe, Oe.

_I_, Ou, Wou.

_Ten_, Ongofooroo, Ahooroo.

Having now concluded my remarks on these islands and people, I shall

take my final leave of them, after giving some account of the

astronomical and nautical observations that were made during our stay.

And, first, I must take notice, that the difference of longitude,

between Annamooka and Tongataboo, is somewhat less than was marked in

the chart and narrative of my last voyage. This error might easily

arise, as the longitude of each was then found without any connection

with the other. But now the distance between them is determined to a

degree of precision, that excludes all possibility of mistake, which the

following table will illustrate:--

The latitude of the observatory at Tongataboo,

by the mean of several observations 21° 8' 19"S.

The longitude, by the mean of one hundred

and thirty-one sets of lunar observations,

amounting to above a

thousand observed distances, between

the moon, son, and stars 184° 55' 88"E.

The difference of longitude, made by

the time-keeper, between the above

observatory and that at Anamooka 0 16 0

Hence, the longitude of Annamooka is 185 11 18 E.

By the time {Greenwich rate 186 12 27

keeper it is {New Zealand rate 184 37 0

Its latitude 20 15 0

N.B. The observatory at Tongataboo was near the middle of the N. side of

the island, and that at Annamooka on its W. side.

The time-keeper was too slow for mean time at Greenwich, on the first of

July at noon, by 12h 34m 23',2; and her daily rate, at that time, was

losing on mean time 1',783 per day. This rate will now be used for

finding the longitude by the time-keeper, and 184° 55' 18", or 12h 19m

41',2, will be taken as the true longitude of Tongataboo, E. from.

Greenwich.

By the mean of several observations, the S. end of the needle was found

to dip,

At Leefooga, one of the Hepaee islands 36° 55'

Tongataboo 39 1 1/2

The variation of the compass was found to be

At Annamooka, on board 0° 30' 3 1/2"E,

Anchor off Kotoo, between Annamooka

and Hepaee 0 12 29 1/2

Anchor off Leefooga 10 11 40

Tongataboo, on board 9 44 5 1/2

Ditto, on shore 10 12 58

I can assign no reason why the variation is so much less at and near

Annamooka, than at either of the two places. I can only say, that there

is no fault in the observations; and that the variation ought to be more

at Annamooka than the above, as it has been found to be so to the

northward, southward, eastward, and westward of it. But disagreements in

the variation, greater than this, even in the same needle, have been

often observed. And I should not have taken notice of this instance, but

from a belief that the cause, whatever it is, exists in the place, and

not in the needles, for Mr Bayley found the same, or rather more

difference.

The tides are more considerable at these islands, than at any other of

my discoveries in this ocean, that lie within the tropics. At Annamooka

it is high water, on the full and change days, nearly at six o'clock;

and the tide rises and falls there, upon a perpendicular, about six

feet. In the harbour of Tongataboo, it is high water on the full and

change days, at fifty minutes past six. The tide rises and falls on

those days, four feet nine inches, and three feet six inches at the

Quadratures. In the channels between the islands, which lie in this

harbour, it flows near tide and half-tide, that is, the flood continues

to run up near three hours, after it is high water by the shore, and the

ebb continues to run down, after it is flood by the shore. It is only in

these channels, and in a few other places near the shores, that the

motion of the water or tide is perceivable, so that I can only guess at

the quarter from which the flood comes. In the road of Annamooka, it

sets W.S.W., and the ebb the contrary; but it falls into the harbour of

Tongataboo from the N.W., passes through the two narrow channels, on

each side of Hoolaiva, where it runs with considerable rapidity, and

then spends itself in the _lagoon_. The ebb returns the same way, and

runs with rather greater force. The N.W. tide is met, at the entrance of

the _lagoon_, by one from the E.; but this, as I have before observed,

was found to be very inconsiderable.[193]

[Footnote 193: Tongataboo has been visited several times by Europeans

since Cook's last voyage, viz. by Perouse, in 1787; by Captain Edwards,

in 1791; by D'Entrecasteaux, in 1793; and by some of the missionaries,

in 1797. From the accounts furnished by some of these visits, several

particulars might have been added to what has now been delivered. But

they are comparatively unimportant, and did not seem to warrant any

specific regard. Besides, if they had been more considerable, it would

have been improper to anticipate what belongs to another part of our

work. On the whole, however, the information given by Captain Cook, and

his associate Mr Anderson, will ever be esteemed a faithful and very

valuable description of an interesting island and people.--E.]

A

VOCABULARY

OF THE

LANGUAGE OF THE FRIENDLY ISLES,

May, &c. 1777.

* * * * *

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Ve faine, _A woman_.

Maiee, _Bread-fruit_.

Fukkaton, _Barter_.

Woa, _Admiration_.

My, fogge, _Good_.

Attahoa, _A bead; a necklace_.

Koehau, or Kohaeea? _What is that? or what is the

name of it_?

Magoo, _Give me_.

Le laiee, _Good_.

Hou, _Come here_.

Moree, _A shaddock_.

Omee, _Give me_.

Hobba, _A sort of plantain_.

Koajee, _or_ Kaoojee, _Done; finished_.

Koeea, _Yes; it is so_.

Amou, _Got; to holdfast_.

Horo, horo, _A handkerchief, or wiper_.

Ongofooroo, _Ten_.

Gehai, _or_ geefai, _There; and that_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Kato, _A basket_.

Egeeai, _A mat they wear round them_.

Fooroo, _or_ fooloo, _Hair_.

Fooee vy, _The leg_.

Tooa, vy, _Upperpart of the foot_.

Fooloo, fooloo, matta, _The eyebrow_.

Emamae, _Painted plantains_.

Evatta vatta, _The breast_.

Eboore, _Ditto_.

Etooa, _The back_.

Erongootoo, _The lips_.

Elelo, _The tongue_.

Edainga, _The thigh_.

Eraimoo, _The hips_.

Evae, veene, _The arm pit_.

Too, _The finger_.

Vakka, vakka, _The side_.

Hekaite, _The belly_.

Tareenga, _The ear_.

Horo, _To wipe_.

Kouta, _Beating with two sticks_.

Fangoo, fangoo, _A flute_.

Motoo, _To break_.

Koooma, _Burnt circular marks_.

Taffa, _Raised marks burnt_.

Kowy, _The cheeks_.

Koomoo, koomoo, _The beard_.

Peeto, _The navel_,

Eoo, _The nipple_.

Etarre, _To cough_,

Hengatoo, _Cloth_.

Efangoo, _To sneeze_.

Eanoo, _To spit_.

Etoogee, _To beat_, or _strike_.

Etooee, _The elbow_.

Efeelo, _A small rope_, or _thread_.

Haro, _or_ halo, _Go; begone_.

Egeea, _The throat_.

Eky, _To eat_, or _chew_.

Evagoo, _To scratch_.

Ma matta, _Let me look_, or _see_.

Egeea, _The neck_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Enofoa, haioo, _A seat_.

Etoo, _To rise up_.

Mamao, _To yawn_.

Ehapee, _A box_, or _chest_.

Moe, _or_ mohe, _Sleep_.

Tangooroo, _To snore_.

Ekatta, _To laugh_.

Akka, _To kick_, or _stamp_.

Feedjee, _A fillup_.

Ekakava, _Sweat_.

Eeoho, _To bellow_, or _cry_.

Epooo, _A post_, or _staunchion.

Etolle, _A hatchet_.

Maalava, _To breathe_.

Haila, _To pant_.

Oooo, _To bite_.

Taffa, _To cut_.

Moevae, _The heel_.

Eeegoo, _The tail of a dog_.

Mapoo, _To whistle_,

Aipa, _A fishing-hook_.

Ainga, _A sort of paint_.

Evaika, _A rail_.

Kooroo kooroo, _A green dove_.

Ekoopamea, cheele, _A net_.

Efooo, _A gimlet, or shark's tooth used

for that purpose_.

Aiee, _A fan_.

Emaimeea, _or_ meemeea, _A reed, or small organ_.

Eneeoo, _A cocoa-nut_.

Eoono, _Tortoise shell_.

Enoo, _A belt_.

Afooneema, _The palm of the hand_.

Moemoeea, _A ceremony of putting the foot

of one on the head, and turning

the hand several times_, &c.

Pooa, tareenga, _A sort of plantains_.

Kahaoo hoonga, _An arrow_, or _reed_.

Atoe farre, _The roof of a house_.

Etovee, _A club_.

Emamma, _A ring_.

Eao, _A hat_.

_Friendly Isles_ English.

Tehou, _A hundred_.

Keeroo, _A thousand_.

Laoo varee, _Ten thousand_.

Laoo noa, _A hundred thousand, or the

greatest number they can reckon_.

Poooree, _Night; darkness_.

Maheena, _A month_.

Fukkataane, _To sit cross-legged_.

Kaffa, _A rope, or cord of cocoa-nut

core_.

Heegee, _To lift up_.

Togoo, _To set down_,

Fetooa tagee, _To tie_.

Vevaite, _To untie_,

Tollo, tolla, _Cocoa-nut skin_.

Eooma, _The shoulder_.

Fooo, _A nail_ (of iron).

Atoo, _To give_.

Epallo, _A rat_.

Elafo, _To throw away_.

Haaile, _To go_.

Haaile atoo, _To go away_.

Haaile my, _To come_.

Elooa, _To puke_.

Matangee, _Wind_.

Mamma, _or_ mamma, reeva, _Light_.

Tahee, _The sea_.

Paho paho, _To paddle_.

Hakaoo, _or_ toree, _Wood_; _a tree_.

Ehoreeoo, _To scoop water out of a boat_.

Booloo booloo, _A sail_.

Fanna, _or_ fanna tooeeoroongo _A Mast_

Toula, _A hook_.

Tamadje, _A child_.

Tangee, _To weep_.

Elango, _A fly_.

Haingoo, toolaiee, _A tropic-bird_.

Epalla _A bird's tail_.

Kapukou, _A wing_.

Hepoona, _To fly_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Togotto _To lie down_,

Feenakka, _A bird cage_.

Eallo, _The rolling of a ship_.

Etooee, _A needle_.

Epeepeege, _A girl that is a maid_.

Efonno, _A turtle_.

Maia, _A thing_.

Mahee maia, _Give me something_.

Koeea, _Yes, it is_.

Geelee, _A file_.

Owo, _Wait a little_.

Temadoo, _Shall I come_?

Kaee, _or_ Eekaee, _No_.

Kafae, _A blue coat_.

Oloonga, _A stool_.

Takkabou, _A coarse mat to sleep upon_.

Kakulla, _A sweet smell, sweet smelled_.

Namooa, _To smell; smell it_.

Koe, _It is; as_ Koe maa, _it is food_;

Koe maiee, _it is fruitful_.

Koatoooo, _A king-fisher_.

Mogo, _A lizard_.

Toutou, _A card_.

Matte laiva, _Dead_.

Moeha, _More_.

Veenaga, _Fine_, _charming_, _wonderful_.

Tougge my, _Bring it here_.

Ai, (_long_,) angrily, _No_.

Tamma, _Boy_, _man_, _friend_, _calling to one_.

Eeekoou, _Here am I_; _answering one who

calls_.

Haloo, _Go_; _to go_.

Hengalo, _At a distance_, _a great way off_.

Eafee, _or_ Eafoi, _Hire_.

Yehaeea, (_inquisitively_,) _What is that_?

Kohaee koa, _or_ kowykoa, _What is your name_?

Kovee, _or_ Koveeeea, _Bad_.

Bongee, bongee, _To-morrow_.

Peepee, _A pair of scissors_.

Chenna, _Friend, I say_; _hark ye_.

Geelee, _or_ geeree, _The skin_.

Etchee, _To peel a cocoa-nut_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Taha pai, _One thing, as a day_, &c.

Totto, _Blood_.

Roatoo, _Shall I go_.

Whakae, _Look, see_.

Whakae my, _Let me see it_.

Arooweevo, _Below; to let down a rope, or

to go down over the ship's side

to trade_.

Aingy, _Large clams_, or _cockles_.

Beegee, _A chief_.

Eatooa, _God_.

A bo, _To-night, at night_.

Any, _Presently, by and by_.

Elangee, _The sky_.

Elaa, _The sun_.

Ao, _Clouds_.

Jeela, _A canoe's yard_.

Laa, _A sail_.

Falle wakaeea, _The hut in a large canoe_.

Faee, _To play_.

Tallafoo, _The fire-place in a large boat_.

Goolee, _A sort of windlass, or belaying

place for the rope of their

sail_.

Tataa, _A scoop for bailing out a boat_.

Taia, _White_.

Oolee, _Black_.

Goola, _Red_.

Ohooafee, _Smoke_.

Geeai, _A close kind of mat_.

Fofooa, _Pimples_.

Maaloonga, _High, mountainous_.

Mai, _Motions with the hands in dancing_.

Touvaa, _A cap, or bonnet, they wear to

shade them from the sun_.

Majeela, _A large bamboo fishing-rod_.

Pai, _A thing_.

Mamahee, _Pain_.

Echee, _or_ eeke, _Small, little_.

Cheeatta, _A looking-glass_.

Tangameeme, _A bladder_.

_Friendly Isles_, English.

Goobainga, _A fishing-net_.

Elillo, _Below, underneath_.

Faee, _To shave_.

Motooa, _A parent_.

Moumy, _To paddle_, or _row_.

Avy, ava, _or_ govy, _A harbour_, or

_anchoring-place_.

Po, taha, pai, _In one day_.

Ebaika, _A large bat_.

Kakaa, _A parrot_.

Tooge, _Marks on the cheek,

made by beating_.

Nono, _To hide a thing_.

Fonooa, _or_ Kaeenga, _Land_.

Beeoo, _A palm which bean clusters of

very small nuts_.

Haoomoo, _A large blunt sort of plantains_.

Goolo, _A globular earthen pot_,

or _vessel_.

Manga, mangatei, _A large blue star-fish_.

Hainga, _A parroquet_.

Maagonna, _Full, satisfied with eating_.

Maheena, _The moon_.

Teeleeamoo, _A secret_.

Fonooa bou, _A land of plenty_.

Oobai, _A song_.

Foolehaioo, _The green wattle bird_.

Pailoo, _A spoon_.

Kulle, velaive, _A large white spider, with

brown and white legs_.

Fageeta, _A ceremony of kissing, &c. on a

new acquaintance_.

Goomaa, _A rat_.

Agoota, oomoo, _To put a thing in an oven_.

Oomoo, _An oven_.

Eadda, _A path_.

Mattabaa, _A door_.

Togga, _A large stick used as a bar behind

the door_.

Koheeabo, _The paper mulberry-plant_.

Faa, _Palm, called Pandanas_.

Tangata, _or_ tangatta, _A man_.

Taheina, _A child_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Onne, onne, _White sand_.

Pai, _Ripe, old_.

Ea, _A fence made of bamboo_, &c.

Toee, _The wood which they make their

canoes of_.

Mafaee, _Wasp's nests built in the pod of

a plant_.

Kappe, _A large cylindrical edible root_.

Ongo, ongo, _A small palm growing to the

height of eight feet_.

Gooholla, _It is gone_, or _flown_.

Mai, kawaia, _To take away a thing_.

Mai, Evaheeoo, _To let a thing remain_.

Kaeenga, _Land_, or _property the shore_.

Fyatooka, _A burying-place_.

Woee, _Admiration_.

Koeee, _A fan_.

Waggee hou, _Let it alone_.

Bai, _Great_.

Laika, laika, _Good_.

Ooo, _A crayfish_.

Feengafee, _A black and white mat_.

Aingatooeea, _Stained red rushes, which they

wear round the waist_.

An, any, _A little while ago_.

Hengatoo, _Glazed cloth which they wear_.

Falla, _A thick strong mat_.

Mahagee, _A sort of ulcer, that leaves large

laced scars_.

Akkaree, _A stool to lay the head on when

asleep_.

Naffa, _A large cylindrical piece of wood,

hollowed with a slit, which

serves as a drum_.

Toa, _A spear_.

Etanno, _To bury under ground_.

Afai, _When_.

Otoogoo, _Finished_.

Maree, _or_ mareeai, _Well done; an acclamation_.

Fafa, _To carry one on the back_.

Mamao, _A great way; distant_.

Meedje, meedje, _To drink out of a cocoa-nut_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Matta, _The face_.

Ty, or Etae, _Excrement_.

Faitanoo, _A sort of pepper-tree, the juice

of which is very acrid_.

Nafee, nafee, _A fine white sort of mat_.

Abee, _A house to sleep in_.

Touaa, _A square bonnet_.

Fukke, fety, _To give a thing gratis_, or _for

friendship's sake_.

Tooa, or Tooaeea, _A servant_, or _person of inferior

rank_.

Fukkatooa, _A challenging motion, made by

striking the hand on the bend

of the opposite arm_.

Kaeehya, or kaeehaa, _A thief_.

Fooloo, _A quill_.

Moojeekakka, _A basket made of cocoa-nut core,

and white beads_.

Mahanga, _A brother_.

Macele, _An odoriferous shrub, planted

near the Fyatooka_.

Fofolla, _To unfold a piece of cloth_.

Kotjee, _None_.

Taboone, _To close_, or _shut; a partition_

or _skreen_.

Too, _To draw back a curtain_, or

_skreen_.

Ava, _A window; hole_.

Fonooa, foohoo, _A land of warriors_.

Taboo, _Not to touch a thing_.

Goomoo; goomoo, _A species of lichen, that grows

plentifully on some trees_.

Laiva, _For good and all; certainly_.

Bagooee, _A prickly star-fish_.

Bedjeeloa, _A crab, with black claws_.

Fae, _A sister_.

Makka fatoo, _Coral rock_.

Gailee, gailee, _Dirt_.

Maa, _Clean_.

Ma, tagge tagge, _Let me look at it_.

Konna, _Poison_.

Fekaee, or smalte, fekaee. _Hunger_.

_Friendly Isles_, English.

Matte, fee aeenoo, _Thirst_.

Aieenoo, _To drink_.

Awhainne, _Near at hand_.

Monoo, _An expression of thanks_.

Mattahoa, _Very good_.

Toooa, _Both, we; both of us_.

Fooa, _repeated_, _A great number_.

Boola, _Small white shells_.

Anoo, anoo, _To swim_.

Anga, _A man_.

Haile, _A knife_.

Haile, fofoo, _A knife that shuts_.

Adoo, _Give it; to give_.

Geehea, _Which_, or _what_.

Tohagge, _Let me look at_, or _see it_.

Namoogoo, _A stink_, or _bad smell_.

Narooo, kakulla, _A sweet smell_.

Boobooa, tahee, _Salt_.

Meeme, _Urine_.

Owo, owo, owo, _No, no, no_.

Fohee, _To peel a plantain_.

Ajeeneu, _A vessel to put drink in_.

Tangee, fe toogee, _Striking the cheeks on the death

of their relations_.

Mamaha, _Coral rock under water_.

Oohee, _A species of diosma_.

Mawhaha, _An excellent root like a potatoe_.

Baa, _A crackling noise; to crack, or

snap_.

Boogo, _The largest sort of tree in the

islands_.

Taifo, _A mullet_.

Amou, _Whole; sound; true; valid_.

Faigeeaika, _Iambos_.

Kakou, _A shoal_, or _reef, on which the

sea breaks_.

Shainga (_in the language_ _No; there is none_.

_of Feejee_),

Fangoo, _A small calibash shell_.

Oore, oore, _Black_.

Looloo, _An owl_.

Murroo, _Soft_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Faifaika, _Hard_.

Feengotta, _A sort of shell_.

Wouainee, _I am here_; i.e. _when called

upon_.

Mahaggee, fatoo, _A dropsy_.

Goee enee, _Near at hand_.

Fukka, ma fooa, _An arbour in which they catch

pigeons, &c_.

Fatooree, _Thunder_.

A faa, _A Storm; lightning_.

Toufarre, _A besom_.

Tongo, _A wood, of which bows are made_.

Ooha, _Rain_.

Tooboo, _To grow_.

Tawagge, totto, _The red-tailed tropic bird_.

Kadjee, _There is no more_; or _none_.

Fanna, fanna, _To wash the hands before meals_.

Mooonga, _Mountains; a mountain_.

Keeneeo, _Low land_.

Laoo allee, _A great many; an endless number_.

Ogookaee, _No; there is none_.

Laia, _or_ koelaia, _Speech; words_.

Kaho, _An arrow_.

Aieeboo, _A vessel,_ or _dish_.

Tooee, _A club_.

Feila, _To pull a rope_.

Eevee, aai, _A cheer, in pulling a rope_.

Feilaa too, _A word given by one, on pulling

a rope, and the rest repeat_

Woa, _as a response_.

Engago, _Fat_, or _lard of a hog_.

Kanno, matte, _The lean part of meat_.

Kofooa, _A kidney_.

Kollofeea, _The name of the volcano on Tofooa_.

Moggocheea, _Cold_.

Hooa, _The going about,_ or _tacking of

a ship_.

Ongonna, _To understand_.

Kaee ongonna, _I do not understand you_.

Mafanna, _Warm_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Anapo, _Last night_.

Fakkahooa, _The southerly wind_; or _a foul

wind_.

Looloo, _To roll, as a ship_.

Matangee, _The wind_.

Matangee anga, _or_} _The east and north wind_, or _a_

matangee leeoo, } _fair wind_.

Amooee, _or_ tamooree, _From behind_.

Amooa, _or_ tamooa, _From before_.

Ahaa, _or_ koehaa, _For what reason_?

Mohe fai, _Where shall I sleep_?

Koo mafoore, _To be along_, or _yield, as a

ship close hauled_.

Palla, _Rotten_.

Elooa, _A hole_.

Molle, _or_ molle molle, _Smooth_.

Keeai, _A plant they make mats of; the

cultivated Pandanus_.

Tongo laiee, _Mangrove_.

Reemoo, _Sea-weed_.

Fety, _A term of friendship_.

Jeejee, _Esculent dracaena_.

Taboo laia, _Don't speak; hold your tongue_.

Toonoa, _Dressed, cooked_.

Tohke, _A measure_.

Toohagge, _Let me see it_.

Taheine, _A young girl; a daughter_.

Haine, _Here_.

Baiahou, _Swell of the sea_.

Maea, _A rope_.

Otta, _Raw; as raw meat_.

Moho, _Meat well dressed_.

Maoo lillo, _Low land_.

Moanua, _Deep water; sea_.

Kae haia, _Which is it you want_?

Vava tahee, _Red coral_.

Feefy, _A species of mimosa_.

Fatoo, _The belly_.

Mee mee, _To suck bones_.

Meedje meedje, _To suck as a child_.

Ooree, _A rudder_.

Tainga, _A seed of a plant_.

_Friendly Isles_, English.

Oolel teffe, _Incisions in the foreskin, which

contracting present its covering

the glans_.

Vefoo, _To Hide a thing_.

Laifa, _A silver-fish_.

Heenaheena, _White; yellow_.

Feeoo, _Acrid; bitter_.

Goomo, _To look for a thing that is lost_.

Eeta, _Angry_.

Aneafee, _Yesterday_.

Gefai, _Unknown; strange; as a strange

man_.

Fono, _To eat_.

Kailee tokee, _A Panama-shell_.

Toffe, _A sort of hammer oyster_.

Toogoo, _Let it lie, or remain_.

Koehaa, hono, hengoa, _What is the name of it_?

Loee, _To understand_.

Booga, _To hold fast_.

Loloa, _Long_.

Kotjee, _To cut_.

Fatjee, _To break_.

Fohenna, _A son; a brother_.

Matee, _A fig-tree_.

Lohee, _A lie_.

Mato, _Steep; high_.

Patoo, _A stroke; to strike_.

Hooho, _The breasts_.

Momoggo, _Cold_.

Saiouhai, _Admiration_.

Noo, _Mine; of me_.

Valla, _A piece of cloth worn round the

waist_.

Doooyoo, a matoo, eeoee, _A song in favour of a victor_.

Mulloo, _Serene; settled; smooth_.

Vaitte, _To untie a thing_.

Moheefo, _Come down below_.

Fetagee; malowhee, _To fight_.

Tao, _A spear_.

Eenee, _Now; immediately_.

Mamanna; au manna manna, _Engaged; contracted to_.

Fukka, booakka, _An epithet of abuse; contempt_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Aleolo, _To fan, or cool_.

Tammaha, _Certain great chiefs_.

Tamolao, _Chief_.

Mahae, _A torn hole_.

Goefai, _What is_.

Laoo, _To count_, or _reckon_.

Manakko, _To give_.

Fooo, _New; lately made_.

Modooa, _Old; worn_.

Maa, _A sour plantain, by being put

under ground_.

Kaifoo, _A brownish yellow_.

Eafee, _To play on the flute_.

Mou afai, _When do you go?_

Afaia, _How many?_

Cheefa, _A pearl oyster_.

Gooe, goee, _A saw shell_.

Fotoohoa, _A rock oyster_.

Ogoo, _Of me; belonging to me_.

Lelange, _To make_.

Behange, _Let me see it_.

Foo, _To box_.

Heeva, _A song, with many women singing

different keys_.

Ooloo pokko, _The head_.

Koukou, _To bathe_.

Mabba, _A three-kernelled nut_.

Eelo, _To know_.

Fotte, fotta, _To squeeze gently with the hands_.

Fangootooa, _Wrestling_.

Momoho, _Ripe_.

Koffe, _Bamboo which they beat with on

the ground_.

Alla, _I say_.

Waila, _Hot_.

Pango, _Bad_.

Orlongaa, _Thread of which they make their

nets, or the plant_.

Monee, _Truth_.

Anga, _A shark_.

Laffa, _Ringworm_.

Fooa, _Fruit; flower_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Kokka, _A tree they stain their cloth

brown with_, i. e. _the bark_.

Moooee, _Alive; life; soul; God, or divine

spirit_.

Tooo, _A tree, with the berries of which

they stain their cloth_.

Ogoohaika, _Who shall I give this to? Who

shall I help_?

Maha, _Finished; empty_.

Pagge, _A little paddle they exercise

with_.

Faio, _Small-branched coral_.

Cheeagge, _To throw a thing away_.

Faiee tamma, _Pregnancy_.

Lalanga, _To make_.

Vao, _A wild uncultivated country_.

Neeoo goola, _Cabbage-tree_.

Routte, _Hibiscus; rosa sinensis_.

Foa, _A custom of beating the head

with a tooth till it bleeds_.

Cheelee neefo, _A custom of beating the teeth on

the same occasion_.

Hogga tainga, _A custom of thrusting a spear

into their thighs; also a

mourning ceremony_.

Toofatao, _Thrusting a spear into the sides

under the arm-pits on these

occasions_.

Tooengootoo, _Doing the same through the

cheeks into the mouth_.

Kafoo, _The garment they commonly

wear_.

Offa, _A term of friendship_; as,

Taio offa, _My friend, I am glad to see

you_.

Toofa, _To divide, or share out food_.

Maeneene, _To tickle_.

Hailulla, _Sarcosma_.

Hooo, _A wooden instrument with which

they clear away grass from

their fences_.

Aho, _The dawn_, or _day-break_.

_Friendly Isles_. English.

Gooaa, _Who is it_?

Avo, _To go_; or _take away_.

Valle, _Mad_.

Lelaiee a bee kovee, _Is it good_, or _bad_?

Taboonee, _To shut_, or _close_.

Taae, _To beat_, or _strike_.

Ahae, _Who_, or _where_.

Mamaa, _Light_.

Mamaffa, _Heavy_.

Faike, _A cuttle-fish_.

Vai veegoo, _Wet; moist_.

A

VOCABULARY

OF THE

LANGUAGE OF ATOOI,

ONE OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.

_January_, 1778.[194]

[Footnote 194: This Vocabulary properly belongs to a subsequent part of

the voyage, but is given here for the greater facility of comparison

with the preceding, and as a fit companion also to that of the Society

Isles, inserted in a former part of the volume.--E.]

* * * * *

_Atooi_. English.

Tehaia, _Where_.

Mahaia, _Ditto_.

Aorre, _or_ Aoe, _No_.

He oho, _The hair_.

E poo, _The head_.

Papaiee aoo, _The ear_.

Heraee, _The forehead_.

Matta, _The eye_.

Pappareenga, _The cheek_.

Haieea, _Fish_.

Eeeheu, _The nose_.

Oome oome, _The beard_.

Haire, _To go_.

Erawha, _Tears of joy_.

Aee, _The neck_.

Poheeve, _The arm_.

Ooma ooma, _The breast_.

Heoo, _The nipple_.

Peeto, _The navel_.

_Atooi_. English,

Hoohaa, _The thigh_.

He,wawy, _The leg_.

Eroui, _Wait a little_.

Areea, _Wait a little_.

Myao, _Finger and toe nails_.

Eeno, _Bad_.

Hootee, hootee, _To pluck up_, or _out_.

Tooanna, _A brother_.

Teina, _A younger brother_.

Otooma heeva, _A man's name_.

Nanna, _Let me see it_.

Noho, _To sit_.

Hoe, _To go_.

Hooarra, _Sweet potatoes_.

E Taeeai, _Calling to one_.

Waheine, _A woman_.

Teeorre, _To throw away a thing_.

He, aieeree, _The skin_.

Ma, ty ty, _To look at_, or _survey a thing_.

Tommomy, _Come here_.

Erooi, _To retch, to puke_.

Too, _Sugar-cane_.

Maa mona, _Sweet_ or _savoury food_.

Tooharre, _To spit_.

Matou, _I, first person singular_.

My, ty, _Good_.

Otaeaio, } _Names of two chiefs_.

Terurotoa,}

Oome, _A great number_.

Poe, _Taro pudding_.

Oohe, _Yams_.

Booa, _A hog_.

Eeneeoo, _Cocoa-nuts_.

Ono, _To understand_.

Eetee, _To understand_, or _know_.

Otae, _A man's name_.

Maonna, _Full, satisfied with eating_.

Owytooehainoa, _What is your name_?

Tanata, _A man_.

Tangata, _Ditto_.

Pahoo, _A drum_.

Ehoora, _A kind of dance_.

_Atooi_. English.

Maro, _A narrow stripe of cloth they

wear_.

Hoemy; harremy, _To come_.

Eroemy, _Fetch it here_.

Taooa, _We_, first person plural.

Toura, _A rope_.

Ooroo, _Bread-fruit_.

Etee, _Dracaena_.

Appe, _Virginian Arum_.

Matte, _Dead_.

Aoonai, _In a short time; presently_.

Paha, _Perhaps_.

Ai, _Yes_.

Ateera, _Done; at an end_.

Hevaite, _To unfold_.

Noona, _Above_.

Tapaia, _To abide; to keep_, or _restrain

from going_.

Poore, _A prayer_.

Tahouna, _A priest_.

Atee, _To fetch_, or _bring_.

Meeme, _To make water_.

Ehaia, _Where_.

Poota, _A hole_.

Mao, _That way_.

Mareira, _This place_.

Eeo, _There_.

Evaa, _A canoe_.

Touroonoa, _A man's name_.

My ty, _Let me look_.

Aieeboo, _A vessel of gourd shell_.

Ahewaite, _Mullus cretaceus_.

Opoore, _Sparus parvus punctatus_.

Taee, _The sea_.

Evy, _Fresh water_.

Aiva, _A harbour_.

Eerotto, _Within, into_.

Owyte eree, _What is the chief's name_?

Toneoneo, _A chief's name_.

Motoo, _To tear_, or _break_.

Toe, _A stone adze_.

Vaheoo, _Let it lie_, or _remain_.

_Atooi_. English.

Haieehe, _A barbed dart_.

Hooroo manoo, _Birds' feathers_.

Motoo, _An island_.

Hamoea, _A ceremony of clapping the

hands to the head, and prostrating

themselves to the chief_.

Worero, _Lost; stole_.

Aeenoo, _To drink_.

Tehaia, orooa, _Where are you_?

Ou, _I_, first person singular.

Eunai, _Here; at this place_.

Pororee, _Hunger; hungry_.

Hereema, _A species of Sida_.

Meere, meere, _To look at_, or _behold_.

Moa, _A fowl_.

Manoo, _A bird_.

Dirro, _Below_.

Modooa, tanne, _Father_.

Modooa, waheme, _Mother_.

Naiwe, nawie, _Pleasant; agreeable_.

Hai raa, _The sun_.

Hairanee, _The sky_.

Abobo, _To-morrow_.

Heaho, _A small rope_.

Tereira, _There; that way_.

Pymy, _Throw it here_.

Ewououtte, _Morus Papyrif_.

Moe, _To sleep_.

Nooe, _Large_.

Poowha, _To yawn_.

Ahaia, _When; at what time_.

Wehai, _To uncover and undo a thing_.

Tooto, _A small straw rope_.

Eaha, nai, _What is this_?

Maeea, _Plantains_.

Parra, _Ripe; as, ripe fruit_.

Toe, toe, _Cold_.

Matanee, _The wind_.

Etoo, _To rise up_.

Haireetoo, _To go there_.

Hoatoo, _To give_.

_Atooi_. English.

Eeapo, _Night_.

Eahoiahoi, _Evening_.

Oora, _Red feathers_.

Teehe, _A present of cloth_.

Herairemy, _A place on which fruit is laid as

an offering to God_.

Henananoo, _A square pile of wicker-work_,

or _religious obelisk_.

Hereeere, _A burying-ground_.

Eteepappa, _The inside of a burying-ground_.

Harre, _A house_.

Harre pahoo, _A drum-house in a burying-ground_.

Heneene, _A wall, the wall of a burying-ground_.

Heho, _A stone set up in a burying-ground,

consecrated to the

Deity_.

Eatooa, _A god_.

Tangaroa, _The name of the god of the place

we were at_.

None, _Morinda citrifolia_.

Hereanee, _Small twig things in a burying-ground_.

Hemanaa, _A house_, or _hut, where they

bury their dead_.

Herooanoo, _Wooden images in a burying-house_.

Tooraipe, _A kind of head-dress_, or _helmet

on an image_.

Eahoi, _Hire_.

Pohootoo noa, _A cream-coloured whet-stone_.

Poota paire, _A district, at the western part of

the isle_.

Eonnotaine, _A short cloak of black and white

feathers_.

Ottahoinoo, _One article_, or _thing_.

Epappa, _A board used to swim upon_.

Oneete, _A kind of cloth_.

Heorro taire, _A small scarlet bird_, or _merops

scarlatina_.

Taa, _An interjection of admiration_.

_Atooi_. English.

Epoo, _A bracelet of a single shell_.

Eou, _To swim_.

Tearre, _Gardenia_, or _Cape Jasmine_.

Heoudoo, _A refusal; I will not do it_, or

_take that for this_.

Eeorre, _A rat_.

Ehooo, _A gimblet, or any instrument to

bore with_.

Epaoo, or ooapa, _There is no more; it is done_, or

_finished_.

Matou, _A particular sort of fish-hook_.

Erahoi, dehoi, _Thin; as, thin cloth, board, &c_.

Pattahaee, or he roui,_A sort of musical instrument_ or

_rattle, ornamented with red

feathers_.

Eappanai, _A plume of feathers they wear_.

Etooo, _The Cordia sebestina_.

Whatte, _To break_.

Oeea, _Yes; it is so_.

Heoreeoree, _A song_.

Paraoo, _A wooden bowl_.

Apooava, _A shallow wooden dish they

drink Ava out of_.

Etoohe, toohee, _A particular sort of cloth_.

Ootee, or otee, otee, _To cut_.

Pappaneeheomano, _A wooden instrument beset with

shark's teeth, used to cut up

those they kill_.

Maheine, _A wife_.

Homy, _Give me_.

Moena, or moenga, _A mat to sleep on_.

Eeno, _An adjunct, when they express

any thing good, though by

itself, it signifies bad. Thus

they say_, Erawha eeno, _good

greeting, as the Otaheitans

say_, Ehoa eeno, _or my good

friend_.

Taboo, or tafoo, _Any thing not to be touched, as

being forbid. This is an example

that shews the transmutation

of the_ H, F, _and_ B,

_Atooi_. English.

_into each other. Thus at Otaheite

yams are_ oohe, _at Tonga_

oofe, _at New Caledonia_

oobe; _and here_ taboo _is_ tafoo.

Maooa, _I_, first person singular.

Heno, _Little rods, about five feet long,

with a tuft of hair on the small end_.

Patae, _Salt_.

Aheia, _A round pearl-shell_.

Teanoo, _The cold arising from being in

the water_.

Tammata, _The sense of taste_.

Ootoo, _A louse_.

Ehone, _To salute by applying one nose

to the other._ Ehogge _at New

Zealand, and_ Ehoe _at Otaheite_.

My, _A sore of any kind_.

Oura, _or_ ouraa, _Cured; recovered; alive; well_.

Mango, _A shark_.

Te _and_ he, _The_.

Heneeoohe, _An instrument made of a shark's

tooth fixed on a wooden handle,

to cut with_.

Eea, _An adjunct, as at Otaheite, to

give strength to an expression_.

Paoo roa, _Quite done; finished_.

Ee, _At_.

Taira, _That; the other_.

Ahoo aura, _Red cloth_.

Henaro, _A fly_.

Ehateinoa, _What is the name of that_?

Heweereweere, _An outrigger of a canoe_.

Mawaihe, _The sail of a canoe_.

Eheou, _The mast of a canoe_.

Hetoa, _The yard of a sail._

Ooamou, _Fast; secure; sound; whole_.

Hono, _To go; to move_.

Matou, _Fear_.

Pooa, _An arrow_.

_Atooi_. English.

Teeto, _A bow_.

Epaee, _Wooden bowls made from the Etoo_.

Ohe, _Bamboo_.

Henaroo, _The swell of the sea_.

Motoo, _land_.

Ehetoo, _A star_.

Marama, _The moon_.

Ouameeta, _A man's name_.

_Numerals to Ten, as at Otaheite_.

END OF VOLUME FIFTEENTH.