THE FATE OF THE CLIPPER SHIPS
We have already seen how, about the year 1855, the extreme clippers were
succeeded in the United States by a class of vessels known as medium
clippers. These vessels were not so sharp and did not carry as heavy
spars or so much canvas as the old clippers, but they could carry more
cargo and could be handled with fewer men. This made them more
profitable when the demand for speed and the rates of freight had
declined, and the extreme clippers were unable to command any higher
rate than the medium clippers. After the Civil War ship building for the
oversea carrying trade steadily declined, though it was not until 1893
that the last American wooden sailing ship, the _Aryan_, was launched.
During these thirty-eight years a good many ships were built, and by
degrees a new type of vessel, designed to carry large cargoes at
moderate speed, was developed, which enterprising agents advertised as
clippers; but those who had known the real clippers were not deceived.
Many of the old names survived; thus there were a second _Memnon_,
another _Rainbow_, _Sea Witch_, _Oriental_, _Eclipse_, _Comet_,
_Northern Light_, _Ringleader_, _Invincible_, _Witch of the Wave_,
_Blue Jacket_, _Charmer_, _Sovereign of the Seas_, _Lightning_, and
_Andrew Jackson_ which should not be mistaken for the famous clippers
after which they were named.
One may well ask what became of all the splendid clipper ships? The fate
of some of them has already been told in these pages, others have
disappeared from one cause or another, as time went on, until now
scarcely one is left. During the Civil War many of them were sold and
sailed under foreign flags, their names were changed and their identity
all but lost.
Of the more famous early clippers, the _Houqua_ foundered in a typhoon
in the China seas in 1865 while under command of Captain McKenzie. The
_Sea Witch_ made her last voyage to San Francisco in 1852 and then
returned to the China trade for which she had been built. On her voyage
to China in 1855 Captain Fraser was murdered at sea by his chief mate,
and the vessel put into Rio Janeiro, where Captain Lang took command. On
the homeward voyage from Amoy to Havana with a cargo of coolies, the
_Sea Witch_ was wrecked and became a total loss on the eastern coast of
Cuba, March 26, 1856. The _Samuel Russell_ was wrecked in the Gaspar
Straits in 1870, under command of Captain Frederick Lucas.
The _Stag-Hound_ was burnt off the coast of Brazil in 1863, her United
States ensign, which the captain brought off and returned to the owners
in Boston, being the sole relic. The _Surprise_, under command of
Captain Charles Ranlett, struck a sunken rock while beating into
Yokohama Bay and became a total wreck, February 4, 1876; the
_Game-Cock_ was condemned at the Cape of Good Hope in 1880.
The _Staffordshire_ was lost off Cape Sable, while bound from Liverpool
for Boston in December, 1854. She struck on a ledge during a thick fog
and foundered in deep water. Two days before her wreck Captain
Richardson had fallen on deck and fractured his spine, and while he lay
helpless in his berth, Joseph Alden, his chief mate, reported that the
ship was sinking. Captain Richardson gave directions to the mate for
saving the women and children passengers, but declined assistance for
himself. His last words were: “God’s will be done,” and as the vessel
settled deeper and deeper in the water and the waves closed in upon her
deck, the brave spirit of her captain returned to God who gave it, to
join the innumerable host of heroes and martyrs of the sea.
The _Flying Cloud_ was sold to James Baines in 1863 and was destroyed by
fire at St. John, N. B., in 1874. The _Flying Fish_ was wrecked in
November, 1858, while coming out of Foo-chow, bound for New York with a
cargo of tea, and was abandoned to the underwriters, who sold her to a
Spanish merchant of Manila. She was subsequently floated and rebuilt at
Wampoa, her name being changed to _El Bueno Suceso_. She sailed for some
years between Manila and Cadiz, and finally foundered in the China Sea.
The _Typhoon_ was sold to the United States Government during the Civil
War, and was finally broken up. The _Northern Light_ was abandoned at
sea, December 25, 1861, after being in collision while bound from Havre
for New York.
The _Comet_ was sold under the British flag and renamed the _Fiery
Star_. She sailed between England and Australia for several years and
was finally burned at sea in 1865, while on a voyage from Moreton Bay,
Queensland, for London. She had been on fire for twenty-one days when
the crew were rescued by the ship _Dauntless_. The _Trade Wind_, while
bound from Mobile for Liverpool, in 1854, was in collision with the ship
_Olympus_, from Liverpool for New York. Both vessels foundered,
forty-four of the sixty-four passengers and crew of the _Trade-Wind_ and
fifty-two of the fifty-eight on board the _Olympus_ being rescued by the
Belgian barque _Stadt Antwerpen_, Captain Wyteerhoven, and landed at New
York.
The _Nightingale_ was sold to a firm in Salem and sent to Rio Janeiro,
where she was bought and sailed in the African slave trade under the
Brazilian flag. About the year 1860 she was captured by a United States
war-vessel and sent home as a prize. She was subsequently fitted out by
the Government as an armed cruiser during the Civil War, and at the
close of the war was sold and sailed in the California and China trade.
Later she sailed for many years under the flag of Norway. The _Shooting
Star_ was sold to a merchant of Siam in 1862 and was wrecked on the
coast of Formosa in 1867. Captain Low remained in command of the _N. B.
Palmer_ until she was sold abroad in 1872. The _Tornado_, _Whirlwind_,
and _Neptune’s Car_ were sold in England and disappeared from the
Shipping Lists many years ago.
The _Golden Light_ under command of Captain C. F. Winsor, sailed from
Boston on her first voyage bound for San Francisco, February 12, 1853,
and ten days out was struck by lightning which set fire to cargo in the
forehold. After every exertion had been made to save the vessel, Captain
Winsor gave orders to abandon the ship, and at 6 P.M., February 23d, her
people took to the boats. At that time the ship was in flames. Her
foremast had burnt off and fallen; soon after her main-and mizzen-masts
went over the side. She had eleven passengers, including three ladies
who were in the long boat with the captain. There were five boats in
all, four of which, after being adrift eight days, were picked up by the
British ship _Shand_ from Calcutta bound for Boston; the other boat, in
charge of the mate, reached Barbadoes in safety, so that all hands were
saved.
The _Sovereign of the Seas_ was sold to a Hamburg firm and was wrecked
on the Pyramid Shoal in the Straits of Malacca, August 6, 1859, becoming
a total loss. The _Contest_ and _Winged Racer_ were destroyed by the
_Alabama_ off the coast of Java in 1863, and the _Jacob Bell_ by the
_Florida_ during the same year. The _Harvey Birch_ was destroyed by the
_Nashville_ in 1861. The _Flying Dutchman_ went ashore on the Brigantine
Shoal, off the coast of New Jersey, during a thick snowstorm in
February, 1858, and became a total loss. The _Highflyer_, under command
of Captain Gordon B. Waterman, sailed from San Francisco, October 24,
1856, bound for Hong-kong and was never heard from. The _John Gilpin_
struck an iceberg off Cape Horn and foundered, January 29, 1858, while
bound from Honolulu for New Bedford under command of Captain John F.
Ropes, all hands, including fifteen passengers, being saved by the
British ship _Herefordshire_.
The _Phantom_ was lost on Prates Shoal, about two hundred miles
east-southeast of Hong-kong, in 1862, while under command of Captain
Henry Sargent. All hands were saved in the boats, which reached
Hong-kong safely, and a large amount of treasure that she had on board
was also saved. Captain Sargent received great credit for his brave and
judicious action at the time of the wreck; for in those days the China
Sea was filled with junks whose crews required only the sight of a
vessel in distress to turn them into most barbarous pirates. Captain
Sargent soon after took command of the clipper barque _Emily C. Starr_
and sailed from Shanghai for Yokohama. She was never heard from, and it
was supposed that she foundered in a typhoon. Captain Sargent belonged
to an old Boston family whose home was on Beacon Street. He had sailed
with Captain Nickels in the _Flying Fish_ and had also commanded the
ship _Rockland_. He was one of the youngest and most accomplished of all
the American clipper ship captains.
The _Bald Eagle_ and _Romance of the Seas_ both sailed from Hong-kong in
1860 and were never heard from. The _Reporter_ foundered off Cape Horn
in 1863, and in the same year the _Undaunted_ was condemned at Rio
Janeiro.
The _Sweepstakes_ was condemned in Batavia in 1864. The _Great Republic_
was sold to the Merchants’ Trading Company, of Liverpool, in 1869 and
her name was changed to the _Denmark_. She finally foundered in a
hurricane off Bermuda in 1872. The _Morning Star_ was sold to a
Liverpool firm, who renamed her the _Rockingham_; she foundered while on
a voyage from Samarang for Falmouth in 1879. The _Ocean Telegraph_ was
sold to an English firm and renamed the _Light Brigade_ and was finally
condemned at Gibraltar and converted into a coal hulk.
The _Marco Polo_, _Red Jacket_, and _Donald McKay_ ended their days in
the Quebec lumber trade, and the _Lightning_ disappeared from the
Shipping List in 1866. The _Champion of the Seas_ foundered while
homeward bound round Cape Horn in 1877. The _James Baines_ was burnt at
Liverpool in 1858, and her wreck was converted into the old landing
stage for Atlantic steamship passengers, few of whom probably realized
that they were walking over the remains of one of the grandest ships
that ever sailed the sea.
Of the British-built clippers, the first _Lord of the Isles_ built in
1854 was burnt in 1862. The second of the name, built in 1864 by Robert
Steele, of Greenock, was sold in France and became known as the _Paul
Albert_. The _Spindrift_ and _Serica_ were both wrecked in 1869. The
_Forward Ho_ was lost in 1881. The _Sir Launcelot_ was sold to a
merchant of Bombay and sailed for many years between that port and
Mauritius, and was finally wrecked in 1895. The _Cutty Sark_ was sold to
a merchant in Lisbon in 1895. The _Chinaman_ was sunk by a steamer on
the coast of China in 1880. The _Windhover_ was wrecked on the coast of
Australia in 1884. The _Falcon_ was sold in Australia, her name being
changed to the _Sophia Branilla_. She was wrecked on the coast of Java
in 1871. The _Thermopylæ_ is now a schoolship at the mouth of the Tagus.
The _Yang-tze_ was lost in 1872. The first _Guinevere_, built by Robert
Steele, in 1862, was lost in 1866, while the second _Guinevere_, built
by Randolph Elder & Co., in 1868, was sold in Norway. The _Ariel_ sailed
for Melbourne and was never heard from. The _Taitsing_ was wrecked on
the coast of Zanzibar in 1883.
The _Titania_ is the only one of all the old clipper ships that can now
be traced as in active service. She is owned by Madame Maresca, of
Castellamare, and sails under the flag of Italy, usually between
European and South American ports. A few years ago she arrived at New
York, and I was much interested in going on board of her, as I had known
the ship and her captain many years before in China. She appeared so
little changed that it was difficult to realize that nearly forty years
had passed away since I last stood upon her deck one bright June morning
at the Pagoda Anchorage, bidding Captain Burgoyne good-bye as he was
getting under way bound for London with new teas. Her spars had been
somewhat reduced and her rig changed to a barque, but the beautiful
India teak used in the construction of her hull, decks, and bulwarks,
with the polished brasswork of her rails, skylights, bells, and
capstans, blinking cheerfully in the autumn sunshine, seemed to have
paid little heed to the flight and ravages of time.
And so I have endeavored to record the leading events of an era in
maritime history long ago departed; and however much the remarkable
development of steam navigation may have contributed to the welfare of
mankind, I think that the memory of the clipper ships and the men who
built and commanded them, will always find a welcome in the hearts of
those who know and love the sea.
Appendix I
CALIFORNIA CLIPPER SHIPS BUILT IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1850 TO 1857
INCLUSIVE
1850
SHIP TONS CAPTAIN BUILDER OWNER & PORT
_Celestial_ 860 Gardner William H. Webb, Bucklin & Crane,
New York New York.
_Eclipse_ 223 Hamilton J. Williams & Son, T. Wardle & Co.,
Williamsburg, N. Y. New York.
_Game-Cock_ 392 Hollis Samuel Hall, Daniel C. Bacon,
East Boston East Boston.
_Governor Morton_ 318 Burgess James M. Hood, Handy & Everett,
Somerset New York.
_John Bertram_ 080 Landholm R. E. Jackson, Glidden & Williams,
East Boston Boston.
_Mandarin_ 776 Stoddard Smith & Dimon, Goodhue & Co.,
New York New York.
_Race Horse_ 512 King Samuel Hall, Goddard & Co.,
East Boston Boston.
_Seaman_ 546 Myrick Bell & Co., Funch & Meincke,
Baltimore Baltimore.
_Sea Serpent_ 1337 Howland George Raynes, Grinnell, Minturn & Co.,
Portsmouth, N. H. New York.
_Stag-Hound_ 1535 Richardson Donald McKay, George B. Upton and Sampson
East Boston & Tappan, Boston.
_Surprise_ 1361 Dumaresq Samuel Hall, A. A. Low & Brother,
East Boston New York.
_White Squall_ 1118 Lockwood Jacob Bell, W. Platt & Son,
New York Philadelphia.
_Witchcraft_ 1310 Rogers Paul Curtis, S. Rogers & W. D. Pickman,
Chelsea, Mass. Salem.
1851
_Alert_ 764 Bursley Crocker & Warren,
Damariscotta, Me. New York.
_Challenge_ 2006 WatermanWilliam H. Webb, N. L. & G. Griswold,
New York New York.
_Comet_ 1836 Gardner William H. Webb, Bucklin & Crane,
New York New York.
_Courser_ 1026 Berry Paul Curtis, Richardson & Co.,
East Boston Boston.
_Eagle_ 1340 Farran Perrin, Patterson & Stack, Harbeck & Co.,
Williamsburg, N. Y. New York.
_Eureka_ 1050 Canfield Jacob A. Westervelt & Son,
New York
_Flying Cloud_1793 Creesy Donald McKay, Grinnell, Minturn & Co.,
East Boston New York.
_Flying Fish_ 1505 Nickels Donald McKay, Sampson & Tappan,
East Boston Boston.
_Gazelle_ 1244 Henderson William H. Webb Chamberlain & Heyser,
New York New York.
_Golden Gate_ 1347 Barstow Taylor & Merrill,
New York New York.
_Hornet_ 1426 Lawrence Jacob A. Westervelt & Son, Chamberlain & Co.,
New York New York.
_Hurricane_ 1607 Very Smith & Co., C. W. & H. Thomas,
Hoboken, N. J. New York.
_Invincible_ 1767 Johnson William H. Webb, J. W. Phillips,
New York New York.
_Ino_ 895 Plummer Perrin, Patterson & Stack, Sifkin & Ironside,
Williamsburg, N. Y. New York.
_John Wade_ 639 Willis Augustine Heard & Co.,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Monsoon_ 773 Winsor Trufant & Drummond, G. Hussey,
Bath, Me. New Bedford.
_Northern Light_ 1021 Hatch Briggs Brothers, James Huckins & Sons,
South Boston Boston.
_N. B. Palmer_ 1490 Low Jacob A. Westervelt, A. A. Low & Brother,
New York New York.
_Queen of the East_ 1275 Bartlett Metcalf & Co., Crocker & Warren,
Damariscotta, Me. New York.
_Raven_ 715 Henry Hood & Co., Crocker & Warren,
Somerset New York.
_Shooting Star_ 903 Baker J. O. Curtis, S. G. Reed & Co.,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Snow Squall_ 742 Bursley Charles R. Green & Co.,
Portland, Me. New York.
_Southern Cross_ 950 Stevens Briggs Brothers, Baker & Morrell,
Boston Boston.
_Staffordshire_ 1817 Richardson Donald McKay, Enoch Train & Co.,
East Boston Boston.
_Sword-Fish_ 1036 Babcock William H. Webb, Barclay & Livingston,
New York New York.
_Syren_ 1064 Silsbee Isaac Taylor, G. Z. Silsbee & Co.,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Tornado_ 1801 Mumford J. Williams, W. T. Frost & Co.,
Williamsburg, N. Y. New York.
_Trade-Wind_ 2030 Osgood Jacob Bell, W. Platt & Son,
New York Philadelphia.
_Typhoon_ 1610 Salter Fernald & Pettigrew, D. & A. Kingsland,
Portsmouth, N. H. New York.
_Wild Pigeon_ 996 Putnam George Raynes, Olyphant & Co.,
Portsmouth, N. H. New York.
_Witch of the Wave_ 1500 Millett George Raynes, Glidden & Williams,
Portsmouth, N. H. Boston.
1852
_Antelope_ 1187 Cole J. Williams & Son, Harbeck & Co.,
Williamsburg, N. Y. New York.
_Ariel_ 1340 Delano Patten & Co., Patten & Co.,
Bath, Me. Bath, Me.
_Bald Eagle_ 1790 Dumaresq Donald McKay, George B. Upton,
East Boston Boston.
_Celestial Empire_ 1399 Pierce J. Stetson, C. H. Parsons & Co.,
East Boston New York.
_Cleopatra_ 1562 Thayer Paul Curtis,
East Boston
_Climax_ 1051 Howes Howes & Crowell,
Boston.
_Contest_ 1150 Brewster Jacob A. Westervelt, A. A. Low & Brother,
New York New York.
_Dauntless_ 791 Miller
_Fleetwood_ 666 Dale George Raynes, Captain and others,
Portsmouth, N. H. Boston.
_Flying Childers_ 1125 Cunningham Samuel Hall, Cunningham & Sons,
East Boston Boston.
_Flying Dutchman_ 1257 Hubbard William H. Webb,
New York
_Golden City_ 810 Canfield Jacob A. Westervelt, H. A. Pierce & Co.,
New York Boston.
_Golden Eagle_ 1120 Fabens Hayden & Co., William Lincoln & Co.,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Golden Light_ 1141 Winsor Briggs Brothers, James Huckins & Sons,
South Boston Boston.
_Golden State_ 1363 Barstow Jacob A. Westervelt, A. A. Low & Brother,
New York New York.
_Golden West_ 1443 Kerwin Paul Curtis, Glidden & Williams,
Boston Boston.
_Highflyer_ 1092 Waterman Currier & Townsend, David Ogden,
Newburyport New York.
_Jacob Bell_ 1382 Kilham Jacob Bell, A. A. Low & Brother,
New York New York.
_John Gilpin_ 1089 Doane Samuel Hall, Pierce & Hunnewell,
East Boston Boston.
_Messenger_ 1350 Corning Jacob Bell, Slade & Co.,
New York New York.
_Meteor_ 1063 Pike Briggs Brothers, Curtis & Peabody,
South Boston Boston.
_Phantom_ 1177 Paterson J. O. Curtis, Henry P. Sturgis,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Polynesia_ 1068 Watson Samuel Hall, Hunnewell, Pierce & Co.,
Boston Boston.
_Queen of the Seas_ 1400 Knight Paul Curtis, Glidden & Williams,
East Boston Boston.
_Radiant_ 1300 Hallet Paul Curtis, Baker & Morrell,
East Boston Boston.
_Red Rover_ 1021 Putnam Fernald & Pettigrew, R. C. Taylor,
Portsmouth, N. H. New York.
_Simoon_ 1436 Smith Jabez Williams, B. A. Mumford & Co.,
New York New York.
_Sovereign of the Seas_ 2421 McKay Donald McKay, Grinnell, Minturn & Co.,
East Boston New York.
_Storm_ (barque) 545 Roberts Chamberlain & Heyser,
Sag Harbor New York.
_Westward Ho_ 1600 Hussey Donald McKay, Sampson & Tappan,
East Boston Boston.
_Whirlwind_ 962 Burgess J. O. Curtis, W. & F. H. Whitmore,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Winged Racer_ 1760 Esterbrook R. E. Jackson, R. L. Taylor,
East Boston New York.
_Wizard_ 1600 Woodside Samuel Hall, Slade & Co.,
Boston New York.
1853
_Amphitrite_ 1687 Samuel Hall,
East Boston
_Archer_ 1098 Bursley Hood & Co., Crocker & Warren,
Somerset New York.
_Belle of the West_ 936 Howes Glidden & Williams,
Dennis Boston.
_Black Warrior_ 1878 Murphy Austin & Co., W. Wilson & Sons,
Damariscotta, Me. Baltimore.
_Bonita_ 1127 Windsor Hallett & Co.,
Boston Boston.
_Boston Light_ 1164 Crowell Briggs Brothers, James Huckins & Sons,
Boston Boston.
_Challenger_ 1334 Hill R. E. Jackson, Whitmore & Son,
East Boston Boston.
_Cyclone_ 1109 Osgood Briggs Brothers, Curtis & Peabody,
Boston Boston.
_Dashing Wave_ 1239 Young Fernald & Pettigrew, S. Tilton,
Portsmouth, N. H. Boston.
_David Brown_ 1715 Brewster Roosevelt & Joyce, A. A. Low & Brother,
New York New York.
_David Crockett_ 1679 Spicer Greenman & Co., Handy & Everett,
Mystic, Conn. New York.
_Don Quixote_ 1470 Nott John E. Lodge,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Eagle Wing_ 1174 Linnell J. O. Curtis, Chase & Tappan,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Edwin Forrest_ 1200 D. D. Kelly,
East Boston
_Empress of the Seas_ 2200 Putnam Donald McKay, W. Wilson & Son,
East Boston Baltimore.
_Fearless_ 1183 Manson A. & G. T. Sampson, W. F. Weld & Co.,
East Boston Boston.
_Flora Temple_ 1915 Myers J. Abraham, Abraham & Oshcroft,
Baltimore Baltimore.
_Flying Dragon_ 1140 Baker Trufant & Drummond, S. G. Reed & Co.,
Bath, Me. Boston.
_Gauntlet_ 1860 Borland T. J. Southard, Stephenson & Thurston,
Richmond, Me. New York.
_Great Republic_ 3357 Limeburner Donald McKay, A. A. Low & Brother,
East Boston New York.
_Guiding Star_ 899 Hale J. Currier, C. Hill & Co.,
Newburyport, Mass. Newburyport, Mass.
_John Land_ 1061 Howes Briggs Brothers, Baker & Morrell,
South Boston Boston.
_Kate Hooper_ 1507 Johnson Hunt & Wagner, J. Hooper,
Baltimore Baltimore.
_Kathay_ 1460 Stoddard Jacob A. Westervelt,
New York
_Kingfisher_ 1300 Crosby William Lincoln & Co.,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Lightfoot_ 1996 Jackson & Ewell,
East Boston
_Live Yankee_ 1637 Thorndike Foster & Nickerson,
Rockland, Me. New York.
_Matchless_ 1033 Potter N. S. Goddard,
Chelsea, Mass. Boston.
_Morning Light_ 1713 Knight Toby & Littlefield, Glidden & Williams,
Portsmouth, N. H. Boston.
_Mystery_ 1200 Samuel Hall,
East Boston
_Neptune’s Car_ 1616 Patten Foster & Nickerson,
Portsmouth, Va. New York.
_North Wind_ 1041 Gore Jacob Bell, Grinnell, Minturn & Co.,
New York New York.
_Oriental_ 1654 Fletcher Samuel Hall, D. G. & W. B. Bacon.
East Boston Boston.
_Pamparo_ 1376 Coggins Charles Mallory, J. Bishop & Co.,
Mystic, Conn. New York.
_Panama_ 1349 Cave Thomas Collyer, N. L. & G. Griswold,
New York New York.
_Queen of Clippers_ 2360 Zerega Jackson & Ewell, Zerega & Co.,
East Boston New York.
_Red Gauntlet_ 1038 Andrews J. W. Cox, F. Boyd & Co.,
Robbinston, Me. Boston.
_Reporter_ 1474 Howes Paul Curtis, E. Snow,
East Boston Boston.
_Ringleader_ 1156 Matthews Howes & Crowell,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Romance of the Seas_ 1782 Dumaresq Donald McKay, George B. Upton,
East Boston Boston.
_Skylark_ 1209 Henry Hood & Co., Crocker & Warren,
Somerset New York.
_Snapdragon_ (barque) 619 Brown William H. Webb,
New York
_Spirit of the Times_ 1206 Klein Cooper & Slicer, Aymer & Co.,
Baltimore New York.
_Spitfire_ 1550 Arey Manning & Stanwood,
Frankfort, Me. Boston.
_Storm King_ 1408 Callahan Isaac Taylor, John E. Lodge,
Chelsea, Mass. Boston.
_Sweepstakes_ 1735 Lane Jacob A. Westervelt, Grinnell, Minturn & Co.,
New York New York.
_Undaunted_ 1371 Freeman Snow & Hall, W. H. Foster & Co.,
Bath, Me. Boston.
_Viking_ 1449 Windsor Trufant & Drummond, G. Hussey,
Bath, Me. New Bedford.
_Whistler_ 820 Brown George W. Jackman, Bush & Wildes,
Newburyport, Mass. Boston.
_Wild Wave_ 1547 Knowles G. H. Ferrin, Benjamin Bangs,
Richmond, Me. Boston.
_Young America_ 1961 Babcock William H. Webb, George Daniels,
New York New York.
1854
_Adelaide_ 1831 Wakeman Jacob Bell, Williams & Guion,
New York New York.
_Canvas Back_ 735 Clarke S. Lurman,
Baltimore Baltimore.
_Black Prince_ 1050 Brown George W. Jackman, Bush & Wildes,
Newburyport, Mass. Boston.
_Electric_ 1271 Gates C. Adams,
Mystic, Conn. New York.
_Fleetwing_ 912 Howes Hayden & Cudworth, Crowell, Brooks,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Grace Darling_ 1240 Doane Briggs Brothers, C. B. Fessenden,
South Boston Boston.
_Harvey Birch_ 1488 Nelson Irons & Grinnell, J. H. Brower & Co.,
Mystic, Conn. New York.
_Midnight_ 1000 Hatch Fernald & Pettigrew, Henry Hastings,
Portsmouth, N. H. Boston.
_Nabob_ 1254 Baxter J. Taylor, William Appleton,
Chelsea, Mass. Boston.
_Nonpareil_ 1431 Dunham & Co., T. Richardson & Co.,
Frankfort, Me. New York.
_Nor’wester_ 1267 Gregory S. Lapham, Coolidge & Co.,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Ocean Telegraph_ 1492 Willis J. O. Curtis, S. G. Reed & Co.,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Rattler_ 794 Forrest Forster & Borze, D. Stewart,
Baltimore Baltimore.
_Robin Hood_ 1185 Sears Hayden & Cudworth, Howe & Crowell,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Sancho Panza_ 850 Friend John E. Lodge,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Saracen_ 1266 Barry Briggs Brothers, Curtis & Peabody,
South Boston Boston.
_Sierra Nevada_ 1942 Penhallow Toby & Littlefield, Glidden & Williams,
Portsmouth, N. H. Boston.
_Starlight_ 1150 Matthews Briggs Brothers, Baker & Morrell,
South Boston, Boston.
_Starr King_ 1170 Turner George W. Jackman, Bates & Thaxter,
Newburyport, Mass. Boston.
_Swallow_ 1435 Tucker Robert E. Jackson, W. T. Dugan,
East Boston. New York.
1855
_Andrew Jackson_ 1676 Williams Irons & Grinnell, J. H. Brower & Co.,
Mystic, Conn. New York.
_Beacon Light_ 1320 Barwell J. A. Stetson,
Chelsea, Mass. Boston.
_Carrier Dove_ 1694 Conner J. Abraham, Montell & Co.,
Baltimore. Baltimore.
_Charmer_ 1060 Lucas George W. Jackman, Burt & Wildes,
Newburyport, Mass. Boston.
_Courier_ 1025 Smith Foster & Elliott,
Newburyport, Mass. New York.
_Daring_ 1097 Simonson George W. Jackman, Bush & Comstock,
Newburyport, Mass. Boston.
_Electric Spark_ 1215 Howes Thacher & Magoun, Magoun & Co.,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Golden Fleece_ 1538 Manson Paul Curtis, Weld & Baker,
East Boston. Boston.
_Herald of the Morning_ 1300 Baker Thacher & Magoun, Magoun & Co.,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Mary Whitridge_ 978 Cheesebrough Hunt & Wagner, T. Whitridge,
Baltimore. Baltimore.
_Noonday_ 1177 Gerry Fernald & Pettigrew, Henry Hastings,
Portsmouth, N. H. Boston.
_Ocean Express_ 1699 Cunningham J. O. Curtis, Reed & Wade,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_War Hawk_ 1067 Simmons George W. Jackman, Captain and others,
Newburyport, Mass. Boston.
1856
_Alarm_ 1184 Matthews Briggs Brothers, Baker & Morrell,
South Boston. Boston.
_Euterpe_ 1984 Avery H. Merriman, Foster & Nickerson,
Rockland, Me. New York.
_Florence_ 1310 Dumaresq Samuel Hall, Jr., R. B. & John M. Forbes,
East Boston, Boston.
_Flying Mist_ 1150 Fennell J. O. Curtis, T. Chase & Co.,
Medford, Mass. Boston.
_Intrepid_ 1173 Gardner William H. Webb, Bucklin & Crane,
New York. New York.
_Mary L. Sutton_ 1450 Rowland Charles Mallory, Charles Mallory,
Mystic, Conn. Mystic, Conn.
_Norseman_ 820 Haskell R. E. Jackson, Cunningham Brothers,
East Boston. Boston.
_Witch of the Wave_ 1200 Todd Titcomb & Co.,
Portsmouth, N. H. Newburyport, Mass.
1857
_Black Hawk_ 1108 Bowers William H. Webb, Bucklin & Crane,
New York. New York.
_Black Hawk_ 970 Shoof J. Currier, M. Devenport & Co.,
Newburyport, Mass. Newburyport, Mass.
_Hotspur_ 862 Porter Roosevelt & Joyce, Wisner, McCready & Co.,
New York. New York.
_Twilight_ 1482 Gates Charles Mallory, G. Gates & Co.,
Mystic, Conn. Mystic, Conn.
Appendix II
RECORD PASSAGES OF THE CALIFORNIA CLIPPER SHIPS MADE IN 110 DAYS OR LESS
FROM 1850 TO 1860, INCLUSIVE
1850
PORT OF ARRIVAL AT
SHIP DEPARTURE SAN FRANCISCO DAYS
_Celestial_ New York November 1 104
_Race Horse_ Boston November 24 109
_Samuel Russell_ New York May 1 109
_Sea Witch_ New York July 24 97
1851
_Challenge_ New York October 29 108
_Flying Cloud_ New York August 31 89
_N. B. Palmer_ New York August 21 106
_Raven_ Boston November 19 105
_Sea Witch_ New York November 20 110
_Seaman_ New York March 11 107
_Stag-Hound_ New York May 26 107
_Surprise_ New York March 19 96
_Typhoon_ New York November 18 106
_Witchcraft_ New York August 11 103
1852
_Celestial_ New York February 17 106
_Comet_ New York January 13 103
_Courser_ Boston April 28 108
_Eclipse_ New York April 22 104
_Northern Light_ Boston March 8 109
_Sea Witch_ New York December 8 108
_Staffordshire_ Boston August 13 101
_Sword-Fish_ New York February 10 90
_Flying Fish_ Boston February 17 98
_John Bertram_ Boston March 26 105
_Shooting Star_ Boston August 17 105
_White Squall_ New York July 29 110
_Wild Pigeon_ New York January 28 104
_Sovereign of the Seas_ New York November 15 103
1853
_Bald Eagle_ New York April 11 107
_Contest_ New York February 24 108
_Contest_ New York October 24 97
_Flying Cloud_ New York August 12 105
_Flying Dutchman_ New York January 27 104
_Flying Dutchman_ New York October 7 106
_Flying Fish_ New York February 1 92
_Golden Age_ (barque) Boston May 31 103
_Golden Gate_ New York March 20 102
_Hornet_ New York August 12 105
_Invincible_ New York September 9 110
_John Gilpin_ New York February 2 93
_Meteor_ Boston March 10 110
_Oriental_ New York May 7 100
_Phantom_ Boston April 21 104
_Rebekah_ (barque) Baltimore May 10 106
_Sea Serpent_ New York June 1 107
_Sword-Fish_ New York May 30 105
_Storm_ (barque) New York April 10 109
_Tornado_ New York May 2 109
_Trade-Wind_ New York February 24 102
_Westward Ho_ Boston February 1 103
_Witchcraft_ New York July 8 110
_Winged Racer_ New York March 30 105
_Young America_ New York August 29 110
1854
_Archer_ New York April 29 106
_Challenger_ Boston June 9 110
_Courier_ Boston April 28 108
_David Brown_ New York March 23 98
_Eagle_ New York February 16 103
_Eagle Wing_ Boston April 5 106
_Flying Cloud_ New York April 20 89
_Golden City_ New York February 8 105
_Herald of the Morning_ Boston May 7 106
_Hurricane_ New York September 4 99
_Matchless_ Boston February 8 109
_Pamparo_ New York January 25 105
_Polynesia_ New York April 10 104
_Ringleader_ Boston February 8 109
_Romance of the Seas_ Boston March 23 96
_Samuel Russell_ New York January 20 106
_San Francisco_ New York February 8 105
_Stag-Hound_ New York August 14 110
_Westward Ho_ New York February 28 106
_Witchcraft_ New York August 15 97
_Young America_ New York October 20 110
1855
_Boston Light_ Boston April 11 102
_Cleopatra_ New York March 4 107
_Don Quixote_ Boston March 29 108
_Electric_ New York March 4 109
_Flying Cloud_ New York June 6 108
_Flying Fish_ Boston January 10 109
_Flying Fish_ Boston December 27 105
_Golden Eagle_ New York August 25 106
_Governor Morton_ New York April 2 104
_Greenfield_ (barque) New York May 6 110
_Herald of the Morning_ New York May 16 99
_Meteor_ Boston August 30 108
_Neptune’s Car_ New York April 25 100
_Red Rover_ New York June 13 107
_Telegraph_ Boston April 9 109
_Westward Ho_ Boston April 24 100
1856
_Antelope_ New York March 15 97
_David Brown_ New York April 28 103
_Don Quixote_ Boston May 31 108
_Electric Spark_ Boston April 9 106
_Flyaway_ New York April 8 106
_Mary L. Sutton_ New York July 20 110
_North Wind_ Boston July 21 110
_Phantom_ New York April 29 101
_Red Rover_ New York April 7 110
_Reporter_ New York March 27 107
_Ringleader_ Boston February 3 106
_Sweepstakes_ New York May 25 94
_Tornado_ New York March 27 110
_Wild Hunter_ Boston April 29 108
_Young America_ New York October 14 107
1857
_Andrew Jackson_ New York February 28 100
_Flying Dragon_ New York April 10 97
_Flying Dutchman_ New York September 10 102
_Flying Fish_ Boston October 2 100
_John Land_ New York July 30 104
_Reporter_ New York April 17 110
_Westward Ho_ New York March 26 100
1858
_Andrew Jackson_ New York April 27 103
_Dashing Wave_ New York August 18 107
_Don Quixote_ New York March 4 108
_Esther May_ Boston May 19 103
_John Land_ New York July 24 108
_Twilight_ New York April 16 100
1859
_Andrew Jackson_ New York April 5 102
_Robin Hood_ New York March 25 107
_Sierra Nevada_ New York December 17 97
_Young America_ New York July 24 105
1860
_Andrew Jackson_ New York March 23 89
_Archer_ New York March 18 106
_Lookout_ New York February 20 108
_Mary L. Sutton_ New York May 12 103
_Ocean Telegraph_ New York March 13 109
_White Swallow_ New York August 7 110
During the forty-five years that have elapsed since the close of the
Civil War a large number of sailing ships have been built for the
California trade, and it is a notable fact that only two of these
vessels made the passage from an Atlantic port to San Francisco in less
than one hundred days. The _Seminole_, built by Maxon & Fish at Mystic,
Connecticut, in 1865, arrived at San Francisco from New York, March 10,
1866, in 96 days, and the _Glory of the Seas_, already mentioned as the
last ship built by Donald McKay, made the same voyage, arriving at San
Francisco, January 18, 1874, in 94 days.
The two most successful ships in after years were the _David Crockett_
and _Young America_. Both were built in 1853, and both continued in the
San Francisco trade until 1883, during which time the _David Crockett_
made her best twelve passages from New York to San Francisco in an
average of 109-7/12 days each, her best being 102 days in 1872. The
_Young America_, during this period also made twelve passages in an
average of 110-7/12 days each, her best being 102 days in 1880.
As these ships were by many years the oldest survivors of the California
clippers, there was a good deal of rivalry between them, and their
records show that they were very evenly matched. It should, however, be
remembered that about the year 1860 their spars and canvas were
considerably reduced and that they were fitted with double topsail
yards, all of which hampered their speed in moderate weather. Indeed,
they resembled two faded beauties who in their youth had been rival
belles.
Appendix III
CHINA TEA CLIPPERS, 1859-1869
SHIP TONS CONSTRUCTION BUILDER YEAR
_Falcon_ 937 Wood Robert Steele & Sons,
Greenock 1859
_Isle of the South_ 821 “ Laing & Co., Sunderland 1859
_Fiery Cross_ 888 “ Chalour & Co., Liverpool 1860
_Min_ 629 “ Robert Steele & Sons,
Greenock 1861
_Kelso_ 556 “ Pile & Co., Sunderland 1861
_Belted Will_ 812 “ Feel & Co., Workington 1863
_Serica_ 708 “ Robert Steele & Sons,
Greenock 1863
_Taeping_ 767 Composite Robert Steele & Sons,
Greenock 1863
_Eliza Shaw_ 696 “ Alexander Stephen, Glasgow 1863
_Yang-tze_ 688 “ Alexander Hall, Aberdeen 1863
_Black Prince_ 750 “ Alexander Hall, Aberdeen 1863
_Ariel_ 853 “ Robert Steele & Sons,
Greenock 1865
_Ada_ 686 “ Alexander Hall, Aberdeen 1865
_Sir Launcelot_ 886 “ Robert Steele & Sons,
Greenock 1865
_Taitsing_ 815 “ Connell & Co., Glasgow 1865
_Titania_ 879 “ Robert Steele & Sons,
Greenock 1866
_Spindrift_ 899 “ Connell & Co., Glasgow 1867
_Forward_ Ho 943 “ Alexander Stephen, Glasgow 1867
SHIP TONS CONSTRUCTION BUILDER YEAR
_Leander_ 883 Composite Lawrie & Co., Glasgow 1867
_Lahloo_ 779 “ Robert Steele & Sons,
Greenock 1867
_Thermopylæ_ 947 “ Walter Hood, Aberdeen 1868
_Windhover_ 847 “ Connell & Co., Glasgow 1868
_Cutty Sark_ 921 “ Scott & Co., Dumbarton 1868
_Caliph_ 914 “ Alexander Hall, Aberdeen 1869
_Wylo_ 799 “ Robert Steele & Sons,
Greenock 1869
_Kaisow_ 795 “ Robert Steele & Sons,
Greenock 1869
_Lothair_ 794 “ Walker & Son, London 1869
Appendix IV
RULES FOR TONNAGE MEASUREMENTS
The English system of measuring the tonnage of vessels in the eighteenth
century is given in Falconer’s _Marine Dictionary_, 1780, as follows:
“To determine the burden, or, in other words, the tonage, of a ship, it
is usual to multiply the length of keel into the extreme breadth of the
ship within board, taken along the midship beam, and multiplying the
product by the depth in the hold from the plank joining to the keelson
upwards to the main-deck, and divide the last product by 94; then will
the quotient be the burden required, in tons.”
This rule continued in force till 1819, when it was changed by the Lords
Commissioners of the Admiralty as follows:
“Multiply the length of the keel by the breadth of beam, and that
product by half the breadth of beam, and divide the last product by 94,
and the quotient will be the tonnage” (_Marine Dictionary_, William
Burney, LL.D., 1830). Dr. Burney remarks: “It appears from the general
construction of merchant ships, that more attention is paid to evade the
tax on tonnage than to their sailing well with the wind in different
directions; and if the real tonnage of ships were taken, an alteration
would soon be made in the construction for the better.”
This form of the rule continued until 1842, when by Act of Parliament
the following method was adopted:
“Divide the length of the upper deck between the after part of the stem
and the fore part of the stern-post into six equal parts. Depths: at the
foremost, the middle, and the aftermost of these points of division,
measure in feet and decimal parts of a foot the depths from the under
side of the upper deck to the ceiling at the limber strake. In the case
of a break in the upper deck, the depths are to be measured from a line
stretched in a continuation of the deck. Breadths: Divide each of those
three depths into five equal parts, and measure the inside breadths at
the following points--viz., at one fifth and at four fifths from the
upper deck of the foremost and aftermost depths, and at two fifths and
four fifths from the upper deck of the midship depth. Length: At half
the midship depth, measure the length of the vessel from the after part
of the stem to the fore part of the stem-post; then, to twice the
midship depth add the foremost and the aftermost depths; add together
the upper and lower breadths at the foremost division, three times the
upper breadth, and the lower breadth, at the midship division and the
upper and twice the lower breadth at the after division, for the sum of
the breadths; then multiply the sum of the depths by the sum of the
breadths, and this product by the length, and divide the final product
by three thousand five hundred, which will give the number of tons for
register” (Young’s _Marine Dictionary_, 1846).
In 1854 this rule was changed by the Merchant Shipping Act, which
provided that the actual cubic contents of a vessel’s hull should be
measured, a registered ton being reckoned as 100 cubic feet. This is
known as the Moorsom system, and is still in use and likely to continue.
It was adopted by the United States in 1865; Denmark, 1867; Austria,
1871; Germany, France, and Italy, 1873; Spain, 1874; and Sweden, 1875.
The old practice of calculating tonnage in the United States was adapted
from the English, and the mode of measurement was as follows:
The length was measured on deck from the fore part of the stem to the
after part of the stern-post; the breadth from outside to outside
planking at the broadest part of the vessel; the depth of the hold from
the plank on deck to the ceiling of the hold. This last measurement was
not used, the depth of a vessel for tonnage purposes being assumed to be
one half of her breadth. In order to find the tonnage, three fifths of
the breadth were deducted from the length and the remainder multiplied
by the breadth, and this product multiplied by one half the breadth, or
the assumed depth, the last product was then divided by 95, giving the
formula:
(L - ⅗ B) × B × ½ B/95
Thus in a vessel measuring 100 ft. x 20 ft. x 18 ft.:
Length of vessel 100
Subtract ⅗ breadth 12
------
Length for measurement 88
Multiply by the breadth 20
------
1760
Multiply by half breadth 10
------
17,600
Divide 17,600 by 95 and
the result is 185 + 12/19
Total tonnage 185 + 12/19
This mode of measurement continued from colonial times until the Moorsom
system was adopted in 1865.
The dimensions of ten representative American and British clippers were
as follows:
Length Breadth
_Nightingale_ (1851) 178 “ 36 “
American _Oriental_ (1849) 183 ft. 36 ft.
_Celestial_ (1850) 158 “ 34 “ 6 in.
_Stag-Hound_ (1850) 209 “ 39 “
_Flying Dutchman_ (1852) 187 “ 38 “ 6 in.
British _Falcon_ (1859) 191 “ 4 in. 32 “ 2 in.
_Taitsing_ (1865) 192 “ 31 “ 5 in.
_Titania_ (1866) 200 “ 35 “
_Spindrift_ (1867) 219 “ 4 in. 35 “ 6 in.
_Thermopylæ_ (1868) 210 “ 36 “
Although these British ships show less breadth than the American, yet
they have more breadth in proportion to length than the earlier British
clippers, such as the _Stornoway_ (1850), _Lord of the Isles_ (1855),
etc.
INDEX
Vessels not otherwise designated are American
A
_Abbot Lawrence_, medium clipper ship, 255, 256, 258
_Abergeldie_, British clipper ship, 205
Abrahams, J., builder, Baltimore, 357, 362
Abrahams & Ashcroft, owners, Baltimore, 357
_Achilles_, British iron screw steamer, 332
Ackley, Samuel, builder N. Y., 16, 17
_Ada_, Brit. clipper ship, tea-trade, 325-6, 371
Adamson & Bell, China merchants, 325
_Adelaide_, packet ship, 44
---- clipper ship, 298, 360
---- British iron screw steamer, 286
_Admiral Gardner_, Brit. E. Indiamen, 25
_Adriatic_, Collins Line S. S., 49, 250;
med. clipper ship, 258
_Ajax_, Brit. iron screw steamer, 332
_Akbar_, clipper ship, China trade, 62, 138
_Alarm_, Cal. clipper ship, 289, 299, 363
_Albert Gallatin_, packet ship, 42, 48, 142
_Albion_, packet ship, 38
_Alert_, Cal. clipper ship, 350
_Alexander Marshall_, packet ship, 41
_Alfred_, Brit. ship, 36-37
_Alhambra_, med. clipper ship, 258, 291
Allen, Wm. H., N. Y. packet captain, 44
_Alliance_, U. S. frigate, 1778, 6, 7
Alsop & Co., S. Francisco, agents of _Challenge_, 187
_Amelia Packet_, Brit. barque, 180
_America_, Brit. fifty-gun frigate, built at Portsmouth, N. H., 9
_Amos Lawrence_, med. clipper ship, 255
_Amphitrite_, Cal. clipper ship, 232, 256
_Andrew Jackson_, Cal. med. clipper ship, 253, 295; 362;
89 days to S. Francisco, 144, 178, 296, 300, 369;
other records, 247, 295, 297, 298, 368
Andrews, Capt., later ship, 341;
_Red Gauntlet_, 359
_Anglo-American_, packet ship, 56
_Anglo-Saxon_, packet ship, 56
_Angola_, clipper schooner, opium trade, 58
_Ann McKim_, first clipper ship built, 60-2
_Antarctic_, ship, 56
_Antelope_, clipper brig, opium trade, 58, 59, 138
---- Cal. clipper ship, 353;
records, 290, 296, 298, 299, 368
Appleton, Wm., ship-owner, Boston, 361
_Archer_, Cal. clipper ship, 248, 356;
records, 248, 298, 299, 367, 369
_Architect_, clipper ship, 70
_Arctic_, Collins Line S. S., 309
Arey, Capt., _Spitfire_, 359
_Argo_, Brit., first merchant ship with steam power to circumnavigate the globe, 287
_Argonaut_, clipper ship, 196
_Ariel_, clipper schooner, opium trade, 58
---- clipper ship, China trade, 68
---- Cal. clipper ship, 353
---- Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 324, 347, 371;
racer, 324-30, 332-3, 335
_Aristides_, Brit. ship, Australian trade, 333
_Arizona_, S. S., 278
_Aryan_, last Amer. wooden sailing ship, 1893, 340
_Ashburton_, N. Y. packet, 41, 54
_Atlanta_, clipper ship, Cal. trade, 298, 299
_Atlantic_, first Amer. ship in India, 12-13
_Aurora_, ship, 236, 299
_Austerlitz_, ship, 193
Austin & Co., builders, Damariscotta, Me., 356
_Australian_, Brit. screw steamer, 286
Avery, Capt., _Euterpe_, 363
Aymer & Co., owners, N. Y., 359
B
Babcock, Col. Harry, 160
---- Maj. Paul, 84, 160
---- Capt. David S., 84;
_Sword Fish_, 160-1, 213, 352;
_Young America_, 233, 360
Bacon, Daniel C., owner, 135, 349;
Pres. Amer. Nav. Club, 202-4
---- D. G. & W. B., owners, 304, 358
Bailey, Capt., _Yorkshire_, 46
Baines, James, owner, L’pool, 342
---- & Co., L’pool, Australian Black Ball Line, 266, 268, 272;
vessels for, 273, 284
Baker, Capt., 352, 357, 363
Baker & Morrill, owners, Boston, 352, 355, 357, 361, 363
_Bald Eagle_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 237, 343, 353;
story of race, 200-2;
records, 299, 300, 366
_Baltic_, med. clipper ship, 258
---- Collins Line S. S., 309
Baltimore, ship-building, 54, 60-62, 70, 136, 254, 350, 357, 362
_Baltimore_, Havre packet ship, 41
Bangs, Benj., owner, Boston, 360
Barclay & Livingston, owners, N. Y., 159, 352
Baring Bros. & Co., 203-4
_Barrington_, ship, 193
Barry, Commodore, 11
Barry, Capt., _Saracen_, 361
Barstow, Gideon, of E. Boston Timber Co., 49
Barstow, Capt., 351, 354
Bartlett, Capt., 352
Barwell, Capt., 362
Bates & Thaxter, owners, Boston, 362
Bath, Me., ship-building, 105, 152, 351, 353, 357
_Bavaria_, packet ship, 48
Baxter, Capt., _Nabob_, 361
_Beacon Light_, Cal. clipper ship, 362
Beauchamp, Capt. Isaac, _Defender_, 255
_Beauregard_, Confederate privateer, 14
_Beaver_, ship, China trade, 17
Bell, Jacob, builder, N. Y., 47, 136, 152, 164, 216, 352, 354, 358, 360;
_see_ Brown
Bell & Co., builders, Baltimore, 136, 350
_Belle of the Sea_, clipper ship, Australian trade, 284
_Belle of the West_, Cal. clipper ship, 299, 356
_Belted Will_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 320, 371
_Ben Nevis_, Brit. clipper ship, Australian trade, 266, 268
_Benefactor_, clipper barque, China trade, 209
_Bengal_, ship, 193
Benjamin, Capt., _Helena_, 62
Bennett, Capt., _Oliver Ellsworth_, 16
Bergh, Christian, builder, N. Y., 17, 47, 48
Berry, Capt., _Courser_, 350
Bertram, Capt. John, Salem, 141, 166-8
Best days’ run, 69, 70, 178, 179, 207, 220, 221, 228, 266, 278, 281, 295, 320, 327, 330, 334, 336, 338
Bishop, J., & Co., owners, N. Y., 358
Black Ball Line, N. Y., L’pool packets, 38, 39-40, 41, 42;
vessels, 38, 41, 52;
flag, 42;
match, 45;
captains, 39-40;
discipline, 44, 73
Australian clippers, _see_ James Baines & Co.
_Black Hawk_, Cal. clipper ships (Webb), 291, 364;
(Currier), 364
_Black Prince_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 322, 371;
race, 325-6
---- Cal. clipper ship, 360
_Black Warrior_, Cal. clipper ship, 356
_Blenheim_, Brit. merchant frigate, 36
_Blessing of the Bay_, colonial barque, 1631, 2
_Blue Jacket_, clipper ship, Australian trade, 270;
later ship, 341
_Bombay_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 34
_Bonita_, Cal. clipper ship, 356
Bordman, Wm. H., Amer. Nav. Club, 202
Borland, Capt., _Gauntlet_, 357
Borrows & Spooner, owners, N. Y., 84
_Boston_, packet ship, 52
_Boston Light_, clipper ship, 253, 300, 356
Boston & Liverpool Packet Company, 51-2
Bowditch, Nath., navigator, 141
Bowers, Capt., _Black Hawk_, 364
Boyd, Col. Geo., 1767, 53
Boyd, F., & Co., owners, Boston, 359
_Brenda_, packet ship, 52
Brewster, Capt. Geo., 249, 356
Brewster, Capt. Wm., 227
_Briganza_, ship, eighteenth century, 16
Briggs Brothers (E. & H. O.), builders, South Boston, 50-1;
Cal. clippers, 152, 163, 233, 351-63
_Brighton_, packet ship, 40
_Britannia_, Black Ball packet ship, 38, 43, 47, 73
Britton, Capt. John, _Constitution_, 43
_Brookline_, ship, 52
Brower, J. H., & Co., owners, N. Y., 295, 361, 362
Brown, Adam & Noah, builders, 17
---- Charles, builder, N. Y., 17
---- David, of Brown & Bell, 47
---- Vernon H., owner, 303
---- Bates & Delano, builders, E. Boston, 50
---- & Bell, builders, N. Y., 47-8, 53, 58, 63, 70, 72
Brown, Capt., 359, 360
Bryant & Sturgis, owners, Boston, 52
_Bucephalus_, Brit. frigate, 36
_Buckinghamshire_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32, 34
Bucklin & Crane, owners of first Cal. clipper ship, N. Y., 135, 159, 349, 350, 363, 364
Burgess, _see_ Snow, owners, 304
Burgess, Capt., 349, 355
Burgoyne, Capt., _Titania_, 347
Bursley, Capt. Ira, 43, 350, 356
Bush & Comstock, owners, Boston, 360, 362
Bush & Wildes, owners, Boston, 362
C
_Cairngorm_, Brit. clipper ship, China trade, 208
_Cairo_, ship, Boston, 54
_Caledonia_, ship, 47
_Calhoun_, ship, 47
_California_, Pacific Mail, S. S., 103
_Caliph_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 372
Callahan, Capt., _Storm King_, 359
_Cambria_, N. Y., packet ship, 40
_Cambridge_, N. Y. packet ship, 41
Cameron, R. W.’s Australian line, 284, 304
_Canada_, N. Y. packet ship, 38, 47
---- Cunard S. S., 221, 309
Canfield, Capt., 351, 354
_Canning_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32, 34
_Canvasback_, Cal. clipper ship, 250, 360
_Capitol_, ship, 193
_Carmelite_, ship, 1807, 17-18
_Carnatic_, Brit. ship, 36
_Carrier Dove_, Cal. clipper ship, 253, 362
_Castle Eden_, Brit. ship, 36
_Cathay_, _Kathay_, Cal. clipper ship, 232, 358
Cave, Capt., _Panama_, 358
_Celestial_, Cal. clipper ship, first to be launched, 135, 136, 159, 349;
records, 145-6, 229, 300, 365
_Celestial Empire_, Cal. clipper ship, 353
_Challenge_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 156, 164, 174, 222, 337, 350;
vicious crew, 77, 181-9;
in China trade, 196-7, 206-7;
records, 181, 299, 301, 365
_Challenger_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 206;
race, 206-7
---- Cal. clipper ship, 271, 356, 367
Chamberlain & Co., owners, N. Y., 351
Chamberlain & Heyser, owners, N. Y., 351, 355
_Chariot of Fame_, med. clipper ship, Australian trade, 270
_Charles Carroll_, packet ship, 41
_Charles Grant_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
_Charles H. Marshall_, N. Y., pilot boat, 305
_Charlestown_, ship, South American trade, 161
_Charmer_, Cal. clipper ship, 253, 254, 362
---- later ship, 341
Chase, T., & Co., owners, Boston, 363
Chase & Tappan, owners, Boston, 357
Cheesborough, Capt. Robt. B., 254, 363
_Chinaman_, clipper ship, 325-6, 346
_Chrysolite_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 199, 202, 205, 206-7
Chrystall, James, British owner, 35
_City of Glasgow_, Inman Line, S. S., 314
_City of Pekin_, Pacific S. S., 86
Clarke, Capt., _Canvasback_, 360
_Cleopatra_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 353;
records, 253, 299, 367
_Climax_, Cal. clipper ship, 298, 353
Coggin, Capt., _Panparo_, 358
Coleman, Wm. T., & Co., owners, N. Y., 106
Collins, E. K., manager of Dramatic Line, 40, 43
---- Capt. John, _Shakespeare_, 43
Collins Line S. S., 250, 271, 309, 312
Collyer, Thos., & Mm., builders, N. Y., 49, 232, 358
_Columbia_, 1773, first Amer. ship to sail round globe, 14, 51
---- N. Y. packet ship, 38, 40, 43;
No. 2, 48
_Columbus_, N. Y., packet ship, 41, 43, 45, 52
_Comet_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 153, 159, 193, 337, 343, 350;
records, 213, 224, 227, 297, 299, 365;
China passage, 208;
Australian trade, 283
---- later ship, 340
_Commodore Perry_, ship, Australian trade, 273
Composite build, 321-2, 371-2
Condry, Dennis, owner of _Delia Walker_, 53-5
_Congress_, ship, 47
Connell & Co., builders, Glasgow, 324, 371, 372
Conner, Capt., _Carrier Dove_, 362
_Constant Warwick_, first frigate built, 5
_Constantine_, packet ship, 141
_Contest_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 227, 344, 353;
records, 224, 296, 297, 299, 366;
race with _Northern Light_, 227
---- Brit. ship, 267
Coolidge & Co., owners, Boston, 361
Cooper & Slicer, owners, Baltimore, 359
Cope, Thos., Phila., owner of packet line, 40
Copper fastened, 10, 30, 33, 34, 61, 285;
sheathed, 61, 285, 320, 322
_Coquette_, clipper barque, China trade, 64
_Corinthian_, packet ship, 40
_Cornelia_, ship, 48
_Cornelius Grinnell_, packet ship, 42, 56, 141, 236
_Cornwallis_, ship, 193
_Cortes_, N. Y. packet ship, 40
_Courier_, packet ship, 1816, 38
---- early clipper ship, 1842, 54, 62, 162
---- Cal. clipper ship, 1855, 298, 363, 367
_Courser_, Boston packet ship, 52
---- Cal. clipper ship, 299, 350, 366
Cox, J. W. builder, Robbinston, Me., 233, 359
Creesy, Capt. Josiah P., boyhood, 153-5;
_Oneida_, 155;
_Flying Cloud_, 153, 211, 248-9, 253-4, 297, 351;
race, 214-15;
“obituary,” 222-3;
Mrs. Creesy, 306
_Creole_, N. Orleans packet ship, 41
_Cressy_, Brit. ship, 36
_Crest of the Wave_, Brit. clipper ship, 208
Crocker & Warren, owners, N. Y., 304, 356, 359
Crosby, Capt., _Kingfisher_, 358
Crowell, Capt., _Boston Light_, 356
Crowell & Brooks, owners, Boston, 360;
_see_ Howes
Crowninshield, Jacob, owner, Salem, 13
Cunningham, Capt., 354, 363
---- Bros., owners, Boston, 364
---- & Sons, 354
Cunningham’s rolling topsails, 163
Currier, John, Jr., builder, Newburyport, 52, 68, 232, 357, 364
---- & McKay, 53-4
---- & Townsend, 52, 243, 354
Curtis, J. O., builder, Medford, 52, 152, 216, 352, 355, 357, 361, 363
---- Paul, builder, Chelsea, 136, 350;
E. Boston, 216, 350, 353, 354, 355, 359, 362
Curtis & Peabody, owners, Boston, 354, 356, 361
Cutler, Capt. Benj. F., _Mary Whitridge_, 254
Cutting, Capt. Robt. C., packet ship _Adelaide_, 44
Cutting, Francis B., part owner of _Dreadnought_, N. Y., 244
_Cutty Sark_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 336, 346, 372
_Cyclone_, Cal. clipper ship, 300, 356
D
Dale, Capt Fleetwood, 353
_Daniel Webster_, packet ship, 56
Daniels, Geo., owner, Boston, 233, 303
_Daring_, Cal. clipper ship, 253, 362
_Dashing Wave_, Cal. clipper ship, 356, 369
_Dauntless_, Cal. clipper ship, 343, 363
_David Brown_, Cal. clipper ship, 232, 356;
records, 248, 290, 296, 297, 298, 367, 368
_David Crockett_, Cal. clipper ship, 232, 356, 369-70
_David Malcolm_, Brit. ship, 36
Dean, Capt. Stewart, sloop _Enterprise_, 1785, 6
Deas, Capt., _Ganges_, 200-1
Decline of American shipping, 290, 292-3, 314-17, 341
_Defender_, med. clipper ship, 255-6, 300
De Horsey, Capt. of H. M. S. _Brisk_, 251-2
Delano, Capt., _Ariel_, 353
---- Capt. Joseph, packets, 43
---- Warren, owner, Boston, 70;
Amer. Nav. Club, 202
_Delia Walker_, ship, 53, 54
Dent & Co., owners, China, 59
Depaw, Francis, owner of Havre packet line, 41
De Peyster, Capt. F. A., packets, 43, 45
Derby, Elias Haskett, Salem merchant, eighteenth century, 12-13;
Jr., Capt., _Atlantic_, 12
_Devonshire_, packet ship, 48
“_Diadem_,” Brit. brig., Capt. Johnson’s story, 157-9
“Diving Bell,” _Lord of the Isles_, 209
Doane, Capt. Justin, 225, 354, 360
Donald McKay, clipper ship, Australian trade, 273, 280, 346
_Don Quixote_, packet ship, 41
---- Cal. clipper ship, 357;
records, 253, 299, 367, 368, 369
_Dorchester_, Boston ship, 54
_Dorsetshire_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
Douglas, Mr., chief officer on _Challenge_, 182-3
_Dragon_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 23, 32
Dramatic Line, 40, 42, 45
_Draper_, 18th cent. ship, 16
_Dreadnought_, 44, 235, 243-7
_Duchesse d’Orléans_, Havre packet ship, 41
_Duke of York_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
Dumaresq, Capt. Phillip, 62, 71, 138, 175, 205, 233, 289, 297, 350, 353, 359, 363
E
_Eagle_, N. Y. packet ship, 38
---- Cal. clipper ship, 297, 299, 350, 367
_Eagle Wing_, Cal. clipper ship, 357, 367
_Earl of Balcarras_, largest ship of Brit. E. India Co., 32, 33, 34
_Echo_, early N. Y. ship, 16
Eckford, Henry, builder, N. Y., 17, 47
_Eclipse_, Cal. clipper ship, 136, 175-6, 211, 349, 364
---- later ship, 340
_Edward Everett_, ship, 255
_Edwin Forrest_, Cal. clipper ship, 357
Elder, Randolph & Co., builders, 347
Eldridge, Capt. Asa, 43, 247, 271
---- Capt. John, 43, 271
Eldridge, Capt. Oliver, 43, 64, 70, 271
_Electric_, Cal. clipper ship, 299, 300, 360, 367
_Electric Spark_, Cal. clipper ship, 299, 362, 368
_Eliza Shaw_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 322, 371
Ellis, Capt., 241
Emanuel, _see_ Wells
_Emily C. Starr_, barque, 345
_Empress of the Seas_, Cal. clipper ship, 232-3, 357
Englis, John, 149
Enright, Capt. Anthony, _Chrysolite_, 199
_Erie_, Havre packet ship, 41
_Erl King_, Brit. auxiliary steamer, China trade, 331
_Espirito Santo_, 78-9
Esterbrook, Capt., _Winged Racer_, 355
_Esther May_, clipper ship, 369
_Ethiopian_, Brit. ship in Australian trade, 333
_Eureka_, Cal. clipper ship, 351
_Euterpe_, Cal. clipper ship, 289, 363
F
Fairbank & Wheeler, owners, Boston, 56
_Fairlight_, Brit. ship, 333
_Falcon_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 319-20, 324, 347, 375
Farran, Capt., _Eagle_, 350
Fast days’ runs, 179, 180, 195, 214, 219-20, 245-6, 271, 277, 281, 334
Fast passages: Atlantic, 46, 221, 247, 254, 277-8
Australian, 266, 268, 281-2, 284, 336, 338
California, 213, 218, 225, 227-8;
(eastward), 233, 293, 296, 365-9
China, 199, 207, 208, 209, 329, 335
Fastest ships: packet, _Yorkshire_, 46;
clipper, _Rainbow_, 67;
_Sea Witch_, 192;
_Gt. Republic_, 243;
_Lightning_, 278
_Fearless_, Cal. clipper ship, 271, 357
_Federal Eagle_, brig, 15
Fennell, Capt., _Flying Mist_, 363
Fernald & Pettigrew, builders, Portsmouth, N. H., 52, 152, 216, 352, 355, 356, 361, 363
Fessenden, C. B., owner, Boston, 360
_Fidelia_, N. Y. packet ship, 41, 48
_Fiery Cross_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 320, 335, 371;
race, 325-30
_Fiery Star-Comet_, 343
_Flavio_, ship, 52
_Fleetwing_, yacht, 159
---- Cal. clipper ship, 250, 260
_Fleetwood_, Cal. clipper ship, 353
Fletcher, Capt., _Maury_, 209;
_Oriental_, No. 2, 358
_Florence_, Cal. clipper ship, 289, 363
Floyd, John, builder, N. Y., 17
_Fly Away_, clipper ship, 232, 297, 368
_Flying Childers_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 236, 354
_Flying Cloud_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 153, 155, 174, 205, 217, 237, 254, 337, 342, 351;
N. Y. to S. F.
in 89 days, 144, 178-81, 248, 296, 297, 300, 365, 367;
log, 179-80, 248;
other California passages, 214-15, 224, 253, 298-9, 366, 367;
other passages, 195, 208, 222;
story of race with _Ganges_, 200-2
---- Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 208
---- Cal. clipper ship, 357;
records, 295, 296, 297, 299, 368
_Flying Dutchman_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 344, 354, 375;
records, S. F., 297, 299, 366, 368;
Australia, 284
_Flying Fish_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 155-6, 173, 193, 205, 237, 302, 337, 342, 345, 351;
race with _Sword-Fish_, 212-13;
other Cal. passages, 224-6, 253, 295-9, 366-8
_Flying Mist_, Cal. clipper ship, 289, 363
_Flying Scud_, clipper ship, 284
_Flying Spur_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 325, 326
Food on board ship, 29, 78, 90, 107-8, 188, 231-2, 262
Forbes, Capt. James Nicol, _Marco Polo_, 266;
_Lightning_, 275-6;
_Schomberg_, 284
Forrest, Capt., _Rattler_, 361
_Forward Ho_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 336, 346, 371
Foster, W. H., & Co., owners, Boston, 359
---- & Nickerson, owners, Boston, 358, 363
_Francis_, brig, 84
_Francis Depaw_, ship, 47
Fraser, Capt. Geo., _Sea Witch_, 69, 145, 189, 192, 341
Freeman, Capt., _Undaunted_, 359
Friend, Capt., _Sancho Panza_, 361
Funch & Meincke, owners, N. Y. and Baltimore, 136, 350
G
_Galatea_, clipper ship, 299
_Game Cock_, Cal. clipper ship, 135, 173, 205, 271, 302, 337, 342, 349;
records, 195, 299
_Ganges_, Brit. ship, 200-1
Gardner, Capt. E. C., _Celestial_, 159, 349;
_Comet_, 159, 224, 350;
_Intrepid_, 363
Gates, Capt., 360, 364
_Gauntlet_, 267
_George Canning_, ship, 47
_George Peabody_, ship, 255
Gerry, Capt., _Noonday_, 363
Gibb & Livingston, 325
Gilman & Co., 325
_Gipsey_, brig, 1804, 17
Girard, Stephen, capt. and owner, 15
Glidden & Williams, Boston, owners of line of S. Francisco clippers, 136, 141, 172, 349-61
_Globe_, Brit. merchant ship, 36
_Gloriana_, Brit. ship, 36
_Glory of the Seas_, med. clipper ship, 258, 369
Goddard, N. S., owner, Boston, 358
Goddard & Co., owners of _Race Horse_, Boston, 135, 349
_Golden Age_, clipper barque, 366
_Golden City_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 354;
records, 297, 299, 300, 367
_Golden Eagle_, Cal. clipper ship, 354;
records, 297, 299, 300, 367
_Golden Fleece_, Cal. clipper ship, 362
_Golden Gate_, Cal. clipper ship, 351;
records, 297, 298, 299, 366
_Golden Light_, Cal. clipper ship, 233, 343-4, 354
_Golden State_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 354
_Golden West_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 354
Goodhue & Co., N. Y., owners of _Mandarin_, 135, 349
Goodwin, Gov. of N. H., 165
Gordon, Capt. Geo., _Memnon_, 145
Gore, Capt., _North Wind_, 358
_Governor Morton_, Cal. clipper ship, 136, 349;
records, 253, 299, 300, 368
_Grace Darling_, Cal. clipper ship, 250, 360
_Grand Turk_, Salem ship, 12
Gray, Capt. Robt., 1788, 14
---- Wm., Salem merchant, 13
_Great Britain_, packet ship, 47, 71-2, 138
_Great Republic_, clipper ship, largest extreme clipper ship ever built, 235-43, 337, 345, 357;
launch, 236-8;
masts and spars, 238-40, 242-3;
burnt, 240-2;
rebuilt, 242-3;
records, 293, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300;
log, 294;
estimated speed, 343, 294-5
_Great Western_, packet ship, 41
_Greenfield_, barque, 368;
brought first cargo of wheat from California, 254
Greenman & Co., builders, Mystic, Conn., 232
Gregory, Capt. Michael, 250, 361
Griffeths, John W., 65-66
Grinnell, Minturn & Co., N. Y., owners, packet lines, 40, 42;
Cal. clippers, 136, 153, 211, 233, 350, 351, 355, 358, 359;
flags, 42, 303
Griswold, John, N. Y.,-London packet line, 40, 42
---- N. L. & G., owners, N. Y., 60, 62, 64, 68, 156, 189, 303, 350, 358
---- Capt., _Toronto_, 162
_Guest_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 1611, 23
_Guiding Star_, Cal. clipper ship, 232, 357
---- Brit. clipper ship, 267, 268, 269, 272
_Guinevere_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, Nos. 1 and 2, 347
H
Hackett, Wm. & John, builders, Salisbury, Mass; U. S. frigate _Alliance_, 1778, 6
Hale, Capt., _Guiding Star_, 357
Hall, Alexander, & Co., 58, 59, 198, 199, 208, 284, 322, 324, 371-2
Hall, Samuel, builder, East Boston, 50, 137, 205, 250;
clipper schooner, 58;
China clippers, 62, 64;
Cal. clippers, 135, 198, 216, 225, 232, 349-58
---- Jr., 289, 363
Hallet, Capt., _Radiant_, 355
---- & Co., owners, Boston, 356
Hamilton, Capt., _Eclipse_, 175-6, 349
Handy & Everett, owners, N. Y., 136, 349
Hanscom, Saml., Portsmouth, N. H., builder of _Nightingale_, 164-5
_Harvest Queen_, packet ship, 41
---- barque, 291
_Harvey Birch_, Cal. clipper ship, 250, 344, 361
Haskell, Capt., _Norseman_, 364
Hastings, Henry, owner, Boston, 361, 363
Hatch, Capt., _Northern Light_, 228, 351;
_Midnight_, 361
Hathorne, Wm., of Hathorne & Steers, builders, N. Y., 49
Hayden & Cudworth, builders, Medford, 52, 354, 361
Hayes, Capt., lost on _Rainbow_, 68
Hays, Capt. Gilbert, of _Beauregard_, 141
_Hazard_, Cal. clipper ship, 298
Heard, Augustine, & Co., owners, Boston, 303, 351
_Hebe_, French frigate, model for British, 5
_Hector_, Brit. E. Indiamen, in first fleet, 23, 24
_Helen Mar_, packet ship, 41
_Helen Morris_, clipper ship, 258
_Helena_, early clipper ship, 62
_Helicon_, barque, 56
_Helvetia_, Girard ship, China trade, 16
Henderson, Capt., _Gazelle_, 351
Henning, Capt., Brit. ship _Alfred_, 37
_Henrietta_, yacht, 159
Henry, Capt., _Raven_, 189-92, 352;
_Skylark_, 359
_Henry Allen_, ship, 193
_Henry Clay_, packet ship, 43, 48, 141;
admired at L’pool, 89
_Henry Hill_, clipper barque, 258
_Herald of the Morning_, med. clipper ship, 253, 271, 363;
records, 253, 296, 297, 299, 300, 367, 368
_Hercules_, early ship, 16
---- packet ship, 40
_Herefordshire_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32, 345
_Hersilia_, brig, sealing voyages, 77-80
_Hibernia_, packet ship, 43, 47, 84, 160
---- Brit. clipper ship, Australian trade, 266
_Highflyer_, N. Y. packet ship, 244
---- Cal. clipper ship, 344, 354
Hill, Capt., _Challenge_, 356
Hollis, Capt., _Game Cock_, 349
Holt, Alfred, L’pool, builder of iron screw steamers, 332
Hood, Jas. M., builder, Somerset, Mass., 136, 349
---- & Co., builders, Somerset, Mass., 152, 356, 359
Hood, Walter & Co., builders, Aberdeen, _Abergeldie_, 205-6;
_Thermopylæ_, 333, 372
Hooper, J., owner, Baltimore, 357;
_Witch of the Wave_, 169
_Hope_, ship, 15
_Horatio_, ship in China trade, 141, 162
_Hornet_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 351;
records, 224, 298, 299, 300, 366
_Hotspur_, Brit. merchant frigate, 36
---- Cal. clipper ship, 364
_Hottinger_, N. Y. packet ship, 41, 43
_Houqua_, clipper ship in China trade, 63, 70, 77, 84, 85, 162, 341
Howes, Capt. Frederic, 236, 353, 357, 359, 360, 362
Howes & Crowell, owners, Boston, 353, 359
Howland, Capt. Williams, 141-2, 162, 350
Hubbard, Capt., _Flying Dutchman_, 354
Huckins, Jas., Boston, owner of _Northern Light_, 163-4
---- & Co., owners, Boston, 351, 354, 356
_Hudson_, N. Y., packet ship, 40, 44
Hunnewell, Jas., owner, Boston, 354, 355
Hunt & Wagner, builders, Baltimore, 357, 363
_Huntress_, ship, 52
_Huntsville_, N. Y.,-N. Orleans packet ship, 41, 43, 84
_Hurricane_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 163, 193, 337, 351;
records, 208, 218, 248, 296, 299, 367
Hussey, Capt., _Westward Ho_, 355
_Hyderabad_, Brit. ship, 36
I
_Inconium_, ship, 193
_Independence_, New York-L’pool packet ship, 41, 43, 45, 47, 48;
carried President’s message, 45
Innes, Capt., _Serica_, 326
_Ino_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 153, 351;
in U. S. Navy, 253
_Intrepid_, Cal. clipper ship, 289, 300, 363
_Invincible_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 156-7, 159, 301, 351, 366;
in Australian trade, 283
Irons & Grinnell, builders, Mystic, Conn., 295
_Isaac Wright_, N. Y. packet ship, 41, 44, 45
_Isaac Webb_, N. Y. packet ship, 41, 48
_Isaac Wright_, N. Y. packet ship, 41, 48
Ismay, Imrie & Co., L’pool, White Star Australian Line, 268
_Istamboul_, Brit. auxil. vessel, 287
_Ivanhoe_, packet ship, 48
J
Jackman, Geo. W., builder, Newburyport, 52, 360-3
---- R. E., builder, East Boston, 136, 216, 270, 349, 355, 356
---- & Ewell, builders, E. Boston, 358, 359
_Jacob Bell_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 298, 344, 354
---- N. Y. pilot boat, 305
_James Baines_, clipper ship, for Australian service, 273, 279-80, 281, 288, 334, 337, 346;
carried troops to India, 281-2
_James Cropper_, N. Y. packet ship, 38, 43
_James Monroe_, N. Y. packet ship, 38
_Jamestown_, N. Y. packet ship, 43
_Japan_, ship in Australian trade, 273
Jardine, Matheson & Co., China merchants, 59, 197, 208, 325
_Jenny Lind_, ship, Boston, 56, 217
_John Bertram_, Cal. clipper ship, 136, 141, 173, 349;
records, 299, 300, 366
_John E. Thayer_, ship, Boston, 255
_John Gilpin_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 344, 354;
records, 224, 296, 297, 299, 366;
race, 224-6
_John Jay_, ship, N. Y., 47
_John Land_, Cal. clipper ship, 233, 357, 368, 369
_John Quincy Adams_, ship, Boston, 156
_John R. Skiddy_, N. Y. packet ship, 54
_John Wade_, Cal. clipper ship, 299, 351
Johnson, Capt. H. W., _Invincible_, 157, 159, 351;
story of _Diadem_, 157-9
---- Capt., _Kate Hooper_, Baltimore, 357
---- Napier & Co., 303
Johnston, Capt. John, N. Y. packets, 44, 45
Jones, Quiggin & Co., L’pool, owners of _Seaforth_, 322
Jordan, John, L’pool, inventor of composite construction, 322
_Joseph Walker_, ship, 242
_Joshua Bates_, Boston-L’pool packet ship, 55
_Judge Shaw_, ship, 293
K
_Kaisow_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 372
_Kate Carine_, Brit. ship, 267
_Kate Hooper_, Cal. clipper ship, Baltimore, 357
_Kathay_, _Cathay_, Cal. clipper ship, 232, 358
Keay, Capt., tea clipper _Ariel_, 326
_Kellie Castle_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
Kemball, Capt. John, 1788, 14
Kennard & Williamson, Baltimore, builders of _Ann McKim_, 60
Kermit, Robert, N. Y.-L’pool packet line, 42, 46
Kerwin, Capt., _Golden West_, 354
_Khersonese_, Brit. auxiliary steamer, 287
Kilham, Capt., _Jacob Bell_, 354
Killick, Capt., _Challenger_, 206
King, Capt., _Race Horse_, 349
_Kingfisher_, Cal. clipper ship, 358
Klein, Capt., _Spirit of the Times_, 359
Knight, Capt., _Queen of the Seas_, 355;
_Morning Light_, 358
Knowles, Capt., _Wild Wave_, 360
L
_L. Z._, N. Y. ship, 56
_Lady Melville_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
_Lahloo_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 372;
races, 332-3, 336
Laing & Co., builders, Sunderland, Eng., 371
Lamb, Edward, & Co., Boston, owners, 56
_Lanark_, Brit. clipper brig, opium trade, 59
_Lancaster_, packet ship, 40
Land, Capt. John, 67, 187
Landholm, Capt., _John Bertram_, 141, 349
Landor, W. S., yacht _America_, 310
Lane, Capt. Geo., _Sweepstakes_, 233, 359;
Pacific Mail S. S. Co., 233
Lang, Capt., _Sea Witch_, 341
Lapham, Saml., builder, Medford, 52
Laurence & Folkes, builders, N. Y., 49
Lawrie & Co., builders, Glasgow, 372
_Leander_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 372;
records, 333-6
_Leonore_, packet ship, 54
_Libertas_, ship, 282
_Liberator_, Greek frigate built in N. Y., 47
_Light Brigade-Ocean Telegraph_, 346
_Light Horse_, barque, Salem, 1784, 12
_Lightfoot_, Cal. clipper ship, 358
_Lightning_, clipper ship for Australian trade, 273, 274-5, 285, 337, 346;
passages, 275-8, 281-8;
log, 227-8;
carrying troops to India, 282-3
---- later ship, 341
Limeburner, Capt., _Great Republic_, 243, 293, 357
Lincoln, Wm., & Co., Boston, owners, 354, 358
_Lincolnshire_, Brit. ship in Australian trade, 285
Linnell, Capt., _Eagle Wing_, 357
_Lintin_, ship. Forbes’s rig, 236
_Live Yankee_, Cal. clipper ship, 299, 300, 358
_Liverpool_, packet ship, N. Y., 42, 43, 48
---- packet ship, Boston, 52
Lockwood, Capt., _White Squall_, 142, 350
Lodge, John E., Boston, owner, 357, 359, 361
Logs: _Flying Cloud_, 178-81, 211;
_Raven et al._, 192;
_Sov. of Seas_, 219-20;
_Flying Fish_ and _John Gilpin_, 226;
_Dreadnought_, 245-6;
_Romance of Seas_, 249;
_Lightning_, 277;
_James Baines_, 281-2;
_Sweepstakes_, 290;
_Great Republic_, 294;
tea clippers, 329-30;
_Thermopylæ_, 334
_Look Out_, clipper ship, 369
_Lord Amherst_, Brit. schooner, opium trade, 58
_Lord Lyndhurst_, ship, 293
_Lord of the Isles_, Brit. clipper ship (iron), tea trade, 208-10, 267, 288, 320, 346, 376;
second of the name, 346
_Lothair_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 372
_Louis Philippe_, Havre packet ship, 41
Low, Capt. Chas. P., 145, 162, 214-15, 343, 352;
Mrs. Low, 306
---- A. A., & Brother, owners, N. Y., 63, 64, 70, 85, 87, 135, 162, 209, 227, 242, 303
_Lowell_, Boston packet ship, 52
_Lowther Castle_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32, 34
Lucas, Capt. Frederic, 254, 341, 362
_Lucilla_, ship, 52
M
McCumm, Jas., Greenock, owner of _Sir Launcelot_, 335
McDonnell, Capt. Chas., _Marco Polo_, 267-8
McIntyre, L. H., & Co., builders, Liverpool, 322
McKay, Donald, Highland chieftain, 53
McKay, Donald, clipper ship builder, 42, 53, 205, 225, 258-9, 276, 297;
boyhood, 53, 258;
New York, 53;
Newburyport, 53-5;
East Boston, 56, 62;
packet ships, 62, 270;
California clippers, 136, 142, 152, 153, 212, 216, 232, 233, 250;
_Sovereign of the Seas_, 221;
_Great Republic_, 235, 243;
medium clippers, 255, 258, 290-1;
tribute to Abbott Lawrence, 256-7;
Australian clippers, 273-83;
Civil War, 258;
last years, 258;
Mrs. McKay, 221-2;
Currier & McKay, 53-4;
McKay, & Pickett, 54
---- Hugh, builder, Boston, 217
---- Capt. Lauchlan, 217-275;
_Sov. of the Seas_, 217-19, 269, 355;
_Great Republic_, 238, 241
McKenzie, Capt., _Houqua_, 63, 145, 341
McKim, Isaac, Baltimore, owner of _Ann McKim_, 60, 61
McKinnon, Capt., _Taeping_, 326
_Madagascar_, Brit. ship, Australian line, 263-4
Magoun, Thacher, builder, Medford, 51-2
---- Medford, builder of Cal. clippers, 362-3
_Malay_, clipper ship, 299
Mallory, Chas., builder, Mystic, Conn., 358, 364
_Mandarin_, Cal. clipper ship, 135, 136, 145-6, 301, 349;
passages: S. Francisco, 146, 299;
Canton, 208;
Melbourne, 284, 288
_Manhattan_ ship, 1796, China trade, 16-17
---- N. Y. packet ship, Red Star Line, 40
---- N. Y. packet ship, Black Ball Line, 41
Manning & Stanwood, owners, Boston, 359
Manson, Capt., 357, 362
_Marco Polo_, Brit. clipper ship, Australian service, 265-6, 267-8, 275, 284, 346
_Margaret Evans_, packet ship, 89
_Margaret Forbes_, ship, Boston, 52
_Maria Somes_, Brit. ship, 36
_Marion_, Brit. ship, 36
_Marion MacIntyre_, Brit. barque, composite build, 322
_Marlborough_, Brit. merchant frigate, 36
_Marquis of Camden_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
_Marquis of Wellington_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
Marsden, Capt., _Melbourne_, 338
Marshall, Benj., part owner, Black Ball Line, N. Y.-L’pool, 38
---- Capt. Chas. H., owner, Black Ball Line, 41, 43, 73, 303
_Mary and John_, ship of Popham colonists, 1607, 1
_Mary Broughton_, barque, 53
_Mary Fish_, N. Y. pilot boat, 305
_Mary Howland_, ship, N. Y., 47
_Mary L. Sutton_, Cal. clipper ship, 289, 364;
records, 299, 300, 368, 369
_Mary Taylor_, N. Y. pilot boat, 305
_Mary Whitridge_, Cal. clipper ship, 86, 253, 254
Mason, John W., carver, Boston, 166
_Mastiff_, med. clipper ship, 258
Masting of _Rainbow_, 66-7
_Matchless_, clipper ship, Boston, 367
Materials of merchant ships, 3, 10, 30, 50, 210, 285, 287-8, 301, 313-15, 316, 322, 340
Mather, Capt. Saml., _Nightingale_, 207
Matheson, Sir James, owner of _Stornoway_, 198;
_see_ Jardine
Matthews, Capt., Cal. clippers, 359, 361, 363
Maury, Lieut. M. F., U. S. N., life, 146-50;
Wind and Current Charts, 147-8, 205, 226;
“Maury’s log,” 148;
Sailing Directions, 147-49;
Physical Geography of the Sea, 148;
Australian routes, 261;
opinion of _Gt. Republic_, 294
_Maury_, clipper barque, tea trade, 209
Maxon & Fish, builders, Mystic, Conn., 369
Maxton, Capt., _Lord of the Isles_, 209, 320
Mayhew, Capt. P. N., _Dreadnought_, 247
_Medway_, ship, London-Melbourne line, 263-5
_Memnon_, clipper ship, China trade, 70, 202;
California passages, 145-6, 180
_Merchants’ Hope_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 232
_Merchants’ Magazine_, Hunt’s, 148
_Mercury_, packet ship, 41
_Mermaid_, clipper ship, 299
_Messenger_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 354
Metcalf & Co., builders, Damariscotta, Me., 352
_Meteor_, packet ship, 40
---- Cal. clipper ship, 354;
records, 253, 366, 368
Middleton, Sir Henry, commander of _Trades Increase_, 1609, 23
_Midnight_, Cal. clipper ship, 361
Miller, Capt., _Dauntless_, 353
Millett, Capt. I. H., _Witch of the Wave_, 172, 206, 353
_Min_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 320, 371
_Minerva_, ship, 15
---- Brit. E. Indiaman, 32, 34
_Minna_, clipper schooner, opium trade, 59
_Minnehaha_, med. clipper ship, 258
Minot & Hooper, owners, Boston, 68
Minturn, Robt., 109
_Miroslav-Young America_, 234
_Monarch_, Brit. ship, 36
---- Aberdeen clipper, 58
_Monsoon_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 351
_Montana_, packet ship, 41
_Montauk_, clipper ship, China trade, 63-4
_Montesquieu_, Girard ship, China trade, 16
_Montezuma_, N. Y. packet ship, 41, 46, 48, 89
Morgan, Capt. E. E., packet ships, 44
_Morning Light_, Cal. clipper ship, 358
_Morning Star_, Cal. clipper ship, 233, 346
Morris, Capt., _R. B. Forbes_, 139-40
_Moses Wheeler_, ship, Boston, 56
Mumford, Capt. O. R., _Tornado_, 211-12, 352
Murphy, Capt., _Black Warrior_, 356
Murray, Alexander, 11
Myers, Capt., _Flora Temple_, 357
Myrick, Capt., _Seaman_, 350
_Mystery_, Cal. clipper ship, 232, 358
Mystic, Conn., 160;
ship-building, 105, 295, 360, 364
N
_N. B. Palmer_, Cal. clipper ship, 87, 152, 162, 174, 301, 306, 343, 352;
records, 178, 208, 300, 365;
race with _Flying Cloud_, 214-15
_Nabob_, Cal. clipper ship, 250, 361
Napier, Johnson & Co., N. Y., owners of _Sunny South_, 250, 303
_Napoleon_, N. Y. packet ship, 40
_Nashville_, New Orleans packet ship, 41
_Natchez_, N. Orleans packet ship, 41, 68;
in China trade, 74-5, 135, 208
Nelson, Capt., _Harvey Birch_, 361
_Neptune’s Car_, Cal. clipper ship, 306-7, 337, 343, 358;
records, 253, 297, 299
_Nestor_, packet ship, 38
_New World_, packet ship, 42, 43, 56, 89, 142, 216
_New York_, packet ship, 38, 41
Newburyport, 167;
ship-builders, 18, 52;
_see_ Currier, Jackson, McKay;
ship-building, 7, 49, 68, 105, 243
Newlands, Capt. Alexander, _Lightning_, 279
_Niagara_, first ship built at E. Boston, 50
_Niantic_, Brit. ship, 176-7
Nicholas, Jonathan, impromptu lines, 170
Nickels, Capt. Edward, _Flying Fish_, 156, 213, 225, 297, 345, 351
---- Commander John A. H., U. S. N., 156
_Nightingale_, Cal. clipper ship, 164-5, 196, 302, 337, 343, 375;
China passage, 206-7;
Australian passage, 284
_Nonpareil_, Cal. clipper ship, 250, 361
_Noonday_, Cal. clipper ship, 363
_Norfolk_, Brit. ship, Australian trade, 285
_Norma_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 208
_Norseman_, Cal. clipper ship, 289, 364
_North America_, ship, 1804, 17
---- clipper ship, 299
North Beach, S. Francisco, 175
_North Wind_, Cal. clipper ship, 284, 288, 358, 368
_Northern Light_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 153, 163, 164, 173, 193, 302, 337, 351;
records, 227-8, 298, 366;
quickest eastward passage from S. Francisco, 227-8
---- later ship, 340
_Northerner_, Pacific Mail S. S., 75, 189
Northfleet, Kent, ship-building, 32
_Nor’wester_, Cal. clipper ship, 361
Nott, Capt., _Don Quixote_, 357
Noyes, Charlotte, Mrs. D. S. Babcock, 161, 306
---- Joseph Stonington, 161
Nutsfield, Capt., _Taitsing_, 326
Nye, Capt. Ezra, packet ships _Independence_, 45;
_Henry Clay_, 89
Nye, Parkin & Co., China merchants, 70
O
_Oberlin_, packet ship, 52
_Ocean Chief_, clipper ship, 271
_Ocean Express_, Cal. clipper ship, 253, 299, 363
_Ocean Monarch_, packet ship (McKay), 56
---- packet ship (Webb), 164
_Ocean Pearl_, clipper ship, 299
_Ocean Queen_, packet ship, 48
_Ocean Telegraph_, Cal. clipper ship, 250, 271, 346, 361;
records, 218, 299, 300, 369
_Odd Fellow_, barque, 217
Ogden, David, N. Y., owner Red Cross packets, 244, 304
_Oliver Ellesworth_, ship, N. Y., 16
Oliver, Francis, E. Boston Timber Co., 49
_Olympus_, ship, 343
_Oneida_, packet ship, 41
---- ship, China trade, 155, 222
_Orbit_, packet ship, 1821, 38, 47
_Oriental_, clipper ship, 1849, China trade, 77, 84, 85, 96-8, 142, 202, 375;
carrying tea to London, 97-8, 196;
California passage, 224, 366
---- Cal. clipper ship, 1853, 232, 358
---- later ship, 340
Osgood, Capt. W. H., _Trade Wind_, 164, 352;
_Cyclone_, 356
_Oxford_, packet ship, 41
Oxnard, Henry, owner, Boston, 52
P
_Pacific_, packet ship, 1816, 38
---- ship, 47
---- Collins Line S. S., 271, 309
Pacific Mail S. S. company, 62, 75, 84, 103, 189, 233, 313;
first S. S. to reach S. Francisco, 1849, 103;
first to reach China, 1862, 319
Paige, James, E. Boston Timber Co., 49
_Pallas_, barque, Boston, 15
Palmer, Capt. Alexander, 43, 86, 162
---- Capt. N. B., 43, 63, 70, 77-86 (life), 96, 160-2, 242;
mate of _Hersilia_, 77-80;
discovered Antarctic continent, 81-3
---- N. B., 2d, 86
---- Capt. Theodore, 97, 162
_Palmer_, schooner yacht, 87
_Pamparo_, Cal. clipper ship, 358, 367
_Panama_, clipper ship (Webb), 1844, China trade, 64, 208
---- Cal. clipper ship (Collyer, 1853), 232, 284, 299, 358
_Panther_, N. Y. packet ship, 40
Parker, D. P., Boston, owner of _Lucille_, 52
Paterson, Capt., _Phantom_, 355
_Patriarch_, Brit. ship, Australian trade, 333
_Patrick Henry_, packet ship, 41, 43, 46
Patten, Capt. Joshua A., _Neptune’s Car_, 306-7;
Mrs. Mary Patten, 306-7
Paul, Capt. Josiah, _Great Republic_, 295
_Paul, Albert-Lord of the Isles_, 346
_Paul Jones_, clipper ship, 62-3, 77, 84
Peabody, Alfred, owner, Salem, 166
---- Joseph, owner, Salem, 13, 119
_Peggy_, Salem ship, brought first cargo of cotton to Massachusetts, 13
Pierce, Henry A., Boston, owner, 354, 355
_Penguin_, clipper barque, China trade, 209
Penhallow, Capt., _Sierra Nevada_, 361
_Pennsylvania_, N. Y. packet ship, 41
Perrin, Patterson & Stock, builders, Williamsburg, N. Y., 49, 152, 351
Perry, Capt., _Ann McKim_, 61
_Perseverance._, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
_Phantom_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 337, 345, 355;
records, 224, 290, 297, 299, 366, 368
Phillips, J. W., N. Y., owner of _Invincible_, 156
Pierce, Capt., _Celestial Empire_, 353
Pike, Capt., _Meteor_, 354
Pile, John, builder, Sunderland, Eng., 208
---- Wm., builder, Sunderland, 320
Pile & Cole, builders, Sunderland, 371
Pilkington & Wilson, Liverpool, owners, 272
Pitcher shipyard, Northfleet, Kent, 33
Platt, W., & Son., Phila., owners, 136, 164, 350, 352
_Plymouth_, packet ship, 52
_Plymouth Rock_, ship, Boston, 56
Plympton, H. P., Boston, part owner of _Defender_, 255
_Polynesia_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 355, 367
Pook, Saml., naval architect, 270-1
Potter, Capt. Geo., _Architect_, 70
---- Capt., _Matchless_, 358
_President_, 44-gun frigate, 16
---- packet ship, 40
_Prince Regent_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
_Prince of Wales_, “Blackwall frigate,” 36
_Princess Amelia_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
_Princess Royal_, Brit, ship, 36
Protection, 92, 94, 95, 316-17
Putnam, Capt., Cal. clippers, 353, 355, 357
Q
_Queen of Clippers_, Cal. clipper ship, 359
_Queen of the East_, Cal. clipper ship, 352
_Queen Mab_, packet ship, 41
_Queen of the Seas_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 355
_Queen of the South_, Brit. iron screw steamer, 286
_Queen of the West_, packet ship, 41, 43, 48
R
_R. B. Forbes_, ship, 236, 255
---- wrecking steamer, 138-40, 167-72, 238, 240, 279
_Race Horse_, Cal. clipper barque, 135, 145, 198, 349;
records, 146, 365
Races:
packet, 45;
yachts, 64, 159, 310-11;
California clippers, 145-6, 189-92, 212-13, 214-15, 225-6, 227-8;
tea clippers, 200-2, 206-7, 209, 324-30, 332-3, 335-6;
to India, 282-3
Racing:
packet ship, 45;
yacht, 226, 339;
Cal. clippers, 145, 192-3, 195, 224, 226, 228, 249;
sail and steam, 311-12
_Radiant_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 355
_Rainbow_, Brit. frigate, 1782, 5
---- first extreme clipper ship, 62, 65-7, 68, 314
---- later ship, 340
Ranlett, Capt. Chas., 208
---- Jr., 208, 341
_Rapid_, schooner, Aberdeen clipper, 58
_Rattler_, Cal. clipper ship, 250, 361
_Raven_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 173, 352;
race, 189-92;
log, 192;
records, 218, 299, 300, 365
Raynes, Geo., builder, Portsmouth, N. H., 52-3, 59, 136, 141, 152, 168, 250, 350, 353
_Rebekah_, clipper barque, 366
Record days’ runs, 179, 278;
_see_ Best days’ runs
Record passages:
transatlantic, 221, 247, 309 (steamer);
California, westward, 144, 145-6, 175, 178, 295, 296-8, 298-300 (in sections);
eastward, 227;
Pacific, 195-6, 218;
China, 74, 329, 336-7;
Australian, 281, 287, 333-4
_Red Gauntlet_, Cal. clipper ship, 233, 306, 359
_Red Jacket_, clipper ship, Australian service, 247, 270-2, 337, 346
_Red Rover_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 355;
records, 253, 283, 368
Reed, Capt. Saml., _Red Jacket_, 272
_Reindeer_, ship, 56
_Reporter_, Cal. clipper ship, 345, 359, 368
_Republic_, packet ship, 52
_Rescue_, Boston wrecking steamer, 275
_Resolute_, clipper ship, 291
_Resource_, ship, 16
_Rhinebeck_, 47
_Rhone_, packet ship, 41, 44
Richardson, Capt. Josiah, _Stag Hound_, 144, 178, 350;
_Staffordshire_, 342, 352
Richie, Capt. A. A., Fairfield, Cal., 189
_Ringleader_, Cal. clipper ship, 359;
records, 284, 290, 297, 299, 367, 368, (to Melbourne)
---- later ship, 340
_Robert C. Winthrop_, Boston ship, 255
_Robert Lowe_, Brit. aux. steamer, 331
Roberts, Capt., _Storm_, 355
_Robin Hood_, Cal. clipper ship, 250, 361;
records, 299, 369
Robinson, Capt. Richard, tea clippers, 199, 326, 335
_Rockland_, ship, 345
Rodger & Co., London, owner of _Taeping_, 330
Rogers, S., Salem, owner, 136
---- Capt. Wm. C., _Witchcraft_, 140-1, 350
_Romance of the Seas_, Cal. clipper ship, 232, 233, 302, 345, 359;
records, 248, 249, 296, 297, 367
Roosevelt & Joyce, builders, N. Y., 209, 232
Ropes, Capt. John F., _John Gilpin_, 345
_Roscoe_, packet ship, 41, 47
_Roscius_, packet ship, 40, 43
_Rose_, Brit. clipper schooner, opium trade, 59
Ross, Sir John, explorer, 84
_Rousseau_, Phila. ship, China trade, 16
Rowland, Capt., _Mary L. Sutton_, 364
_Royal Charter_, Brit. iron aux. steamer, 287
_Royal William_, first vessel to cross Atlantic by steam power, 313
_Rufus Choate_, Boston ship, 255
Russell, Capt., packets, 45
---- & Co., China merchants, 58, 63, 64, 70, 97, 303
_Russell Sturgis_, Boston ship, 255
S
_St. Andrew_, packet ship, 46
_St. Clair_, packet ship, 52
_St. George_, packet ship, 54
_St. Lawrence_, Brit. merchant frigate, 36
_St. Michael_, schooner, 15
_St. Patrick_, Boston ship, 54
_Salamis_, Brit. ship, Australian trade, 333
Salter, Capt. Chas. H., _Typhoon_, 161, 189, 352
_Samarang_, 346
_Sampson_, ship, 16
Sampson & Tappan, Boston, owners of _Nightingale_, 136, 155, 165, 207, 303, 350, 351, 355
_Samuel Appleton_, Boston ship, 255, 300
_Samuel Badger_, ship, 161
_Samuel Russell_, clipper ship, China trade, 70, 77, 84, 85, 142, 162, 337, 341;
records to S. Francisco, 145, 298, 300, 365, 367
Samuels, Capt. Samuel, _Dreadnought_, 44, 244, 246-7
San Francisco passages:
Atlantic ports, 1849, 101, 145;
1850, 145-6;
1851, 174, 175, 178-81, 181-5, 189-94;
1852, 212-5, 217-8, 222;
1853, 224-8, 233;
1854, 248-9;
1855, 253, 254;
1856, 290, 306-7;
1857, 293-4, 295;
General, 69, 233-4, 365-9;
long, 193;
Pacific ports, 195, 211, 219
_San Francisco_, clipper ship, 367
_Sancho Panza_, Cal. clipper ship, 361
_Santa Barbara_, 86
_Sapphire_, packet ship, 51
_Saracen_, Cal. clipper ship, 361
_Saratoga_, packet ship, 43
Sargent, Capt. Henry, _Phantom_, 345
Saunders, Capt. Thos. M., Salem, from cabin boy to captain, 119-20
_Savannah_, ship, 47
---- first sailing ship with auxl. engine to cross Atlantic, 1819, 313
_Schomberg_, Brit. clipper ship, built for Australian service, 284-5
Scott, John, & Co., builders, Greenock, 208
Scott & Co., builders, Dumbarton, 372
_Sea Serpent_, Cal. clipper ship, 136, 141, 196, 211, 302, 350;
records, 175, 208, 224, 298, 366
_Sea Witch_, clipper ship, built for China trade, 68, 69, 73, 75-7, 136, 156, 337, 341;
passages, 68-9, 189-92 (race);
records, 145, 174, 208, 214, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 365
Seacomb & Taylor, owners, Boston, 270
_Seaforth_, Brit. ship, first vessel with steel spars and rigging, 322-3
_Seaman_, Cal. clipper ship, Baltimore, 136, 174, 350;
records, 299, 300, 365
Sears, Capt., _Robin Hood_, 361
Seaver, Hon. Benj., Boston, 225
_Seminole_, ship, 369
_Serica_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 320, 346, 371;
races, 324, 325-30
_Severn_, ship, 16
Shackfords, captains and builders, Portsmouth, N. H., 52
_Shakespeare_, packet ship, 40, 43, 48
_Shand_, Brit. ship, 344
Shaw, Maxton, & Co., owners, London, 319-20
Sheathing, copper, 61, 285, 320, 322;
yellow metal, 237
Sheer, 18, 237, 320
Sheffield, Capt. J. P., _Hersilia_, 77-80
Shelburne, N. S., 53, 217
_Sheridan_, packet ship, 40, 45, 48
Shoof, Capt., _Black Hawk_, 361
_Shooting Star_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 173, 193, 337, 343, 352;
records, 214, 222, 298, 299, 366
Shuter, Thos. A., owner, London, 34
_Siddons_, packet ship, 40, 43, 48, 84
_Sierra Nevada_, Cal. clipper ship, 250, 283, 361;
records, 295, 296, 369
_Silas Richards_, packet ship, 40
Silsbee, Capt., _Syren_, 352
_Silvia de Grasse_, packet ship, 41, 47
Simmons, Capt., _War Hawk_, 363
Simonson, Capt., _Daring_, 362
_Simoon_, Cal. clipper ship, 355
_Sir George Seymour_, Brit. ship, 36
_Sir Launcelot_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 324, 332-3, 335-6, 346, 371
_Sir Robert Peel_, packet ship, 48
_Sirius_, Brit. steamer, 313
_Sirocco_, clipper ship, 298, 299
Skiddy, Francis, 43
---- Capt. William, 43
_Skylark_, Cal. clipper ship, 299, 359
Smith, Adam, _Wealth of Nations_, 92
---- James, & Son, owners, N. Y., 106
---- Stephen, builder, 47
---- T. & W., builders, Newcastle, Eng., 35, 36
---- & Co., builders Hoboken, N. J., 152, 351
---- & Co., builders, St. John, N. B., 266
---- & Dimon, builders, N. Y., 45, 47, 65, 68, 70, 135, 349
---- Capt., 355, 362
_Smyrna_, brig, first Amer. vessel in Black Sea, 15
_Snapdragon_, Cal. clipper barque, 232, 299, 359
Sneeden & Whitlock, builders, Greenpoint, L. I., rebuilt _Great Republic_, 242
Snow & Burgess, owners, 304
_Snow Squall_, Cal. clipper ship, 284, 352
Somes, Jos., owner, London, 34, 35, 36
_Sophia Branilla-Falcon_, 347
_South America_, packet ship, 43
_South Carolina_, ship, first to leave S. Francisco in 1849, 101
_Southampton_, packet ship, 46
_Southern Cross_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 195, 352
_Sovereign_, packet ship, 40
_Sovereign of the Seas_, Cal. clipper ship, 216-21, 235, 237, 281, 337, 344, 355;
speed, 220-1;
records: California, 213, 217, 299, 366;
N. Y.-L’pool, 220-1;
Australia, 269-70
---- No. 2, 258
---- No. 3, 341
_Sparkling Wave_, clipper ship, 300
Speed:
Conditions and tests, 9-10, 11, 39, 46, 71, 90, 134, 192, 198, 205, 243, 286, 294-5, 321, 336-7
Vessels built for, 57, 60
Speed of Brit. and Amer. frigates, 4, 8, 10;
E. Indiamen, 30, 35;
opium clippers, 59;
Amer. clippers, 135-6, 153, 193, 278, 282 (highest rate);
of Brit. tea clippers, 320-1, 324, 334, 335-6;
of steamers, 221, 278, 309
Speed in knots, 71, 161, 169, 178, 220, 251, 276, 278, 281, 282, 328;
average, 46, 180, 219-20, 245, 278, 338
Spicer, Capt., _David Crockett_, 356
_Spindrift_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 333, 335, 346, 371, 375
_Spirit of the Age_, Brit. clipper ship, 208
_Spirit of the Times_, Cal. clipper ship, 359
_Spitfire_, Cal. clipper ship, 359
_Splendid_, packet ship, 48
Spofford & Tillotson, N. Y.-L’pool packet line, 42-3
Spooner, _see_ Borrows
Sprague & James, builders, Medford, 52, 58
_Stadt Antwerpen_, Belgian barque, 343
_Staffordshire_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 193, 217, 342, 352;
records, 214, 300, 366
_Stag Hound_, Cal. clipper ship, 136, 142-3, 151, 205, 211, 216, 237, 337, 341, 350, 375;
records, 178, 195, 208, 298, 299, 365, 367
_Star of Empire_, packet ship, 270
_Star of Peace_, Brit. ship, Australian trade, 333
_Starlight_, Cal. clipper ship, 299, 361
_Starr King_, Cal. clipper ship, 255, 299, 362
Steele, Robt., & Son, builders, Greenock, 319, 320, 322, 324, 346, 347, 371, 372
Steers, Geo., designer and builder, 49, 250
_Stephania_, packet ship, 41
Stephen, Alex., builder, Glasgow, 322, 371
Stoddard, Capt., 349, 358
Stevens, Capt., _Southern Cross_, 352
_Storm_, Cal. clipper barque, 298, 355, 366
_Storm King_, Cal. clipper ship, 359
_Stornoway_, Brit. clipper ship, 198, 202, 205, 206-7, 376
_Strabo_, ship, 52
_Sultana_, barque, 56
_Sunny South_, clipper ship, China trade, 250;
slaver, 251
Supremacy, 339;
American, 311, 314;
British, 210
_Surprise_, Cal. clipper ship, 135, 136-8, 174-5, 196, 202, 205, 207-8, 271, 337, 341, 350;
records, 175, 195, 206, 208, 296, 297, 298, 299, 365
_Susannah_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
Sutton & Co., N. Y., owners, 106, 303
_Sweepstakes_, Cal. clipper ship, 232, 233, 301, 345, 359;
records, 289-90, 296, 297, 298, 299, 368;
log, 290
_Sword Fish_, Cal. clipper ship, 84, 152, 153, 159, 193, 206, 306, 337, 352;
records, 208, 224, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 366;
race, 212-13
_Syren_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 352
T
_Taeping_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 322, 371;
races, 324-30, 332-5
_Taitsing_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 324, 347, 371, 375;
race, 324-30
_Talbot_, ship, 52
_Tampico_, brig, 84
_Tayleur_, Brit. ship (iron), for Australian service, 267
Tea Trade, iii:
to England: Amer. clippers in, 96-8 196-7, 200-2;
_see_ Tea clippers;
amount, 320;
freights, 196, 207, 323;
premiums, 324, 330
_Telegraph_, clipper ship, Cal. passages, 299, 368
Templer, Henry, owner, London, 34
_Teutonic_, White Star S. S., 312
Thacker & Mangels, owners, London, 34
_Thames_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 35
Thayer, Capt., _Cleopatra_, 353
_Thermopylæ_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332-6, 347, 371, 375
Thomas, C. W. & H., N. Y., owners of _Hurricane_, 163
---- Geo., Rockland, Me., builder of _Red Jacket_, 270
_Thomas_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 24
_Thomas Coutts_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
_Thomas Granville_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
_Thomas H. Perkins_, ship, Boston, 255
Thorndike, Capt., _Live Yankee_, 358
Tindall & Co.’s Australian line, 263
_Tingqua_, clipper ship, 298
_Titania_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 336, 375;
still in service, 347
Toby & Littlefield, builders, Portsmouth, N. H., 52, 233
Todd, Capt., 2d _Witch of the Wave_, 364
Ton in cubic feet, 104, 196, 323, 335, 373-5
Tonnage, aggregate:
Afloat, 289;
built, 3-4, 52, 151;
captured, 7;
owned, 13, 71, 292
(steam), 308;
sent out, 33;
sold, 292
Tonnage, detail:
American, early, 1, 2, 4, 6, 14-18, 51-4, 80, 119;
packets, 38, 40, 42, 45, 46, 142, 243;
opium clippers, 58-9;
China clippers, 60, 62-5, 68, 70, 96, 250;
California clippers, 135-6, 142, 153-6, 159, 161-6, 216, 233, 254, 349-64;
Australian clippers, 235, 242, 265-7, 270, 273;
pilot boats, 193, 305;
increase in, 42, 151, 216
British: E. Indiamen, 23, 25, 32-7;
Aberdeen clippers, 58;
tea clippers, 198, 199, 205-6, 208, 320, 322-3, 333, 371-2;
Australian clippers, 267, 284, 338;
steamers, 286, 287
Tonnage Laws, 20, 198-9, 315, 323, 373-6;
_see_ Tax
_Topaz_, packet ship, 51
_Tornado_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 211, 283, 343, 352
_Toronto_, packet ship, 48, 162
_Trade Wind_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 164, 193, 337, 343, 352;
records, 224, 299, 366
_Trades Increase_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 1609, 23
Train, Enoch, Boston, owner, 54-5, 153, 221, 255
Train’s Line, Boston-L’pool packets, 55-6, 270, 275
Trask, Capt. Benj., packet ships, 43
_Trenton_, packet ship, 52
_Trident_, ship, 1805, 17
_Trieste_, barque, 291
_Triton_, ship, 1805, 17
Trufant & Drummond, builders, Bath, Me., 152, 351, 357, 360
Tucker, Capt., _Swallow_, 362
Turner, Capt., _Starr King_, 362
_Tuscarora_, packet ship, 40
_Twilight_, Cal. clipper ship, 295, 364, 369
_Two Friends_, brig, 15
_Typhoon_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 161, 337, 342, 352;
race, 189-92;
records, 192, 208, 299, 300, 365
U
_Undaunted_, Cal. clipper ship, 345, 359
_Union_, sloop, 15
Upham, Hon. Chas. W., 169
Upton, Geo. B., Boston, owner, 56, 136, 155, 233, 304
_Utica_, packet ship, 41
V
Vail, Thos., builder, N. Y., 16
_Valparaiso_, ship, 164
_Vancouver_, ship, 208
_Vanguard_, packet ship, 48
_Venice_, ship, 161
Very, John Crowninshield, 163
---- Capt. Saml., _Hurricane_, 163, 351;
Mrs. Very, 306
_Vicksburg_, ship, 47
_Victoria_, packet ship, 44, 47
_Victory_, packet ship, 244
_Viking_, Cal. clipper ship, 360
_Vimiera_, Brit. ship, 267
Vincent, Wm., builder, N. Y., 16
_Voltaire_, ship in China trade (Girard), 16
_Vulcan_, Brit. ship, first iron sailing ship, 1818, 313
W
Wakeman, Capt., _Adelaide_, 360
_Wanderer_, Brit. clipper schooner, opium trade, 59
_War Hawk_, Cal. clipper ship, 363
Wardle, T., & Co., N. Y., owners of _Eclipse_, 136, 349
Warner, Capt., _Sov. of the Seas_, 269-70;
_Donald McKay_, 281
_Washington Irving_, packet ship, 56
Waterman, Capt. G. B., _Highflyer_, 344, 354
---- Capt. Robt. H., 73-7, 145, 189;
_Britannia_, 73-4;
_Natchez_, 68, 74-5;
_Sea Witch_, 68-9, 73, 75, 208;
_Northerner_, 75, 189;
_Challenge_, 156, 181-9, 350;
Mrs. Waterman, 75
---- & Elwell, builders, Medford, 52, 63
Watkins, Capt. Jas., _Akbar_, 62
Watson, Capt., _Polynesia_, 355
Webb, Isaac, builder, N. Y., 47, 48, 53, 74, 217;
& Co., 40
---- Wm. H., son of Isaac, builder, 42, 48, 62, 63, 135-6, 142, 152, 156, 159, 164, 212, 216, 232-4, 250, 291, 349-52, 354, 359
---- Wilsey, father of Isaac, 47
---- & Allen, builders, N. Y., 48
Weld, W. F., & Co., owners, Boston, 304, 357
---- & Baker, owners, Boston, 363
Wells & Emanuel, owners, N. Y., 106, 304
_West Point_, packet ship, 44, 48
Westervelt, Aaron and Daniel, sons of Jacob A., 49, 233
---- Jacob A., builder, N. Y., 48-9, 216, 227, 232, 250, 297, 352-4, 358-9
---- & Co., 49
---- & Sons, 49, 152, 162, 351
---- & Mackay, 46, 48
_Westward Ho_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 237, 255;
records, 224, 253, 295, 297, 298, 300, 366, 367, 368
_Whirlwind_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 284, 343, 355
_Whistler_, Cal. clipper ship, 299, 360
_White Squall_, Cal. clipper ship, 136, 142, 196, 242, 337, 350;
records, 298, 299, 300, 366
_White Swallow_, clipper ship, 298, 369
Whitridge, Thos., & Co., owners, Baltimore, 254
Wigram, Robt., builder and owner, London, 35, 36, 285
_Wild Dayrell_, Brit. clipper schooner, opium trade, 59
_Wild Hunter_, clipper ship, 368
_Wild Pigeon_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 353;
records, 299, 300, 366
_Wild Wave_, Cal. clipper ship, 360
_William G. Anderson_, U. S. clipper barque, 141
_William Tell_, packet ship, 41, 47
_William Thompson_, packet ship, 38
Williams, J., & Son, builders, Williamsburg, N. Y., 136, 152, 349, 352
---- Jabez, builder, N. Y., 216, 355
---- Capt. John E., _Andrew Jackson_, 247, 295, 362
---- & Guion, owners, 304
Willis, Capt., Cal. clippers, 351, 361
Wilson, W., & Sons, owners, Baltimore, 356, 357
_Windhover_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 336, 346, 372
_Windsor_, Brit. E. Indiaman, 32
_Windsor Castle_, Brit. ship, 36
_Winged Arrow_, clipper ship, 299, 300
_Winged Racer_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 344, 355, 367
Winsor, Capt. C. F., 344, 351, 354, 356
_Witch of the Wave_, Cal. clipper ship, 152, 153, 166-72 (trip on), 173, 353;
records, 206, 299
_Witchcraft_, Cal. clipper ship, 136, 140, 211, 302, 350;
records, 178, 248, 296, 365, 366, 367
_Wizard_, Cal. clipper ship, 216, 355
Wolfe, W. A. & A. Foster, Jr., N. Y., owners of _Courier_, 54
Woodhouse, Capt. Philip, packet ships, 43
Woodside, Capt., _Wizard_, 355
Wooton, Jas. A., packet ship captain, 44
_Wylo_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 332, 372
Wyteerhoven, Capt., 343
Y
_Yang-tze_, Brit. clipper ship, tea trade, 322, 333, 347, 371
_Yorkshire_, packet ship, 41, 46, 48, 89
_Yorktown_, packet ship, 48
_Young America_, Cal. clipper ship, 84, 232, 233-4, 301, 306, 337, 360;
records, 233-4, 297-300, 367-70
Z
Zerega, Capt., _Queen of Clippers_, 359
Zerega & Co., owners, N. Y., 56, 359
FOOTNOTES:
[1] A frigate was a ship designed to be a fast, armed cruiser and
mounted from twenty to fifty guns; when a naval vessel mounted less
than twenty guns she became a sloop of war, and when she mounted more
than fifty guns she became a line-of-battle ship. The frigate was
always a favorite type of vessel with the officers and men of the
navy, as she was faster and more easily handled than a line-of-battle
ship, and was at the same time a more powerful fighting and cruising
vessel than a sloop of war. Frigate-built means having the substantial
construction, arrangement of the decks, masts, spars, rigging, and guns
of a frigate.
[2] When peace was declared in 1783, the Government of the United
States sold or otherwise disposed of all its vessels, a fact that was
quickly taken advantage of by the Barbary corsairs. They at once began
to prey upon American merchant shipping in the Mediterranean and even
in the Atlantic, and made slaves of the captured crews. The French and
English, too, in their wars with each other, by no means respected the
neutrality of American commerce, the former being the worse offenders.
It was not, however, until 1794 that Congress again authorized the
formation of a navy, under the Secretary of War, and in 1798 the
office of Secretary of the Navy was created. Among the vessels built
in 1794-98 was the frigate _Constitution_, the famous “Old Ironsides”
which still survives. The separate States had meanwhile maintained
vessels for the protection of their own coasts, and, of course, there
had been no cessation in the building of merchant ships during the
period preceding the War of 1812.
[3] A typean was the head merchant of one of the Company’s “factories”
or mercantile houses, such as were later known in China as “hongs.”
[4] _Annus Mirabilis_, stanza 89 (1667).
[5] Second American edition, translated by H. Reeve, pp. 403-4.
[6] _New York Commercial_, October 8, 1851.
[7] William John, in an article on clipper ships in _Naval Science_,
vol. ii. (1873), p. 265.
[8] The various systems of calculating the tonnage of vessels which
were in force in Great Britain prior to 1854, (see Appendix iv.,) gave
the breadth measurement a preponderating influence upon the result, and
as taxation, port, and light dues, etc., were based upon the registered
tonnage of a vessel, there was economy in decreasing the breadth of a
vessel at the expense of the other dimensions. Ship-builders and owners
in England showed a much greater tendency to profit by this feature
of the law than did those in the United States, where substantially
the same system was in force. In this country some very narrow vessels
were built for the New Orleans and West India trade, in the period
1820-1845, but it was found that the saving in taxation did not pay for
using such an undesirable type of vessels, so they were given up. As a
rule, American owners and builders preferred to build vessels of a type
which they regarded as the best for speed and for the trade in which
they were engaged, without regard for the tonnage laws.
[9] The _Challenge_.
[10] Forbes’s rig was invented by Captain R. B. Forbes, and was
first put on the topsail schooner _Midas_ in 1841, afterwards on the
auxiliaries _Edith_, _Massachusetts_, and _Meteor_; ships, _R. B.
Forbes_, _Lintin_, _Flying Childers_, _Aurora_, _Cornelius Grinnell_,
and probably others. In this rig the topmast was fidded abaft the
lowermast head, and the lower topsail yard hoisted on the lowermast
head from the eyes of the lower rigging to the cap. The lower topsail
had two reefs with reef-tackles, buntlines, and clew-lines, as in the
single topsail rig. The upper topsail hoisted on the topmast and had
the same gear as the lower topsail. Sometimes the topmast was fidded
before the lower masthead, and then the lower topsail yard hoisted
on the doubling of the topmast. This rig was an improvement upon the
single topsail rig, but was eventually superseded by Howes’s rig, which
was invented by Captain Frederic Howes, of Brewster, Massachusetts,
who in 1853 first put it on the ship _Climax_, of Boston, which he
commanded. Captain Howes took out a United States patent for his rig in
1854. In this rig, the lower topsail yard is slung by a truss at the
lower mast cap; indeed, Howes’s rig is the double topsail rig of the
present day, though one does not often hear the name of Captain Howes
in connection with it.
[11] Mr. Everett is reported to have said “eighty-two,” but if he did
so, it was a mistake, for forty-two is the true number.
[12] These slabs were subsequently removed, one side being washed away.
[13] The following are some of these house flags: The crimson field
and black ball, of Charles H. Marshall; the red, white, and blue
swallowtail, of Grinnell, Minturn & Co.; the yellow, red, and yellow
horizontal bars with white “L” in centre, of A. A. Low & Brother; the
thirteen blue and twelve white squares, of N. L. & G. Griswold; the
crimson field and yellow beehive, of Sutton & Co.; the crimson field,
white border, and white “D” in centre, of George Daniels; the red,
white, and red vertical stripes with red “B” in centre, of Vernon H.
Brown; the blue and white half-diamonds, of Russell & Co.; the crimson
field and white diamond, of Augustine Heard & Co.; the white above
blue and red ball in the centre, of Sampson & Tappan; the white above
yellow and red star in centre, of Glidden & Williams; the narrow blue
and white horizontal stripes with red ball in the centre, of Napier,
Johnson & Co.; the white field and blue cross, of George B. Upton; the
crimson swallowtail and blue cross, of Charles R. Green; the white
swallowtail, red cross with white diamond in the centre, of R. W.
Cameron; the crimson swallowtail, blue cross, and white ball in the
centre, of Wells & Emanuel; the blue above white, white ball in blue
and red ball in white, of D. & A. Kingsland; the white field and red
cross in the centre of D. G. & W. B. Bacon; the white swallowtail and
black S. & B., of Snow & Burgess; the white field and black horse, of
William F. Weld & Co. The flag of Howland & Aspinwall had a blue square
in the upper corner of the luff and lower corner of the fly; the rest
of the flag was white with narrow blue lines in the lower corner of the
luff and upper corner of the fly, which formed squares, and also formed
a white cross extending the full hoist and length of the flag. David
Ogden’s flag was a white field and red cross; Crocker & Warren’s, blue
above yellow with a yellow “C” in the blue and blue “W” in the yellow.
Then there was the red swallowtail with white cross and black star in
the centre, of Samuel Thompson & Nephew; the blue field, white diamond,
and black star, of Williams & Guion; the crimson field and black “X” of
John Griswold. These were the private signals of most of the leading
New York and Boston ship-owners, which, half a century ago, enlivened
the water front of New York, though there were some others which have
now faded from memory.
[14] Walter Savage Landor.
[15] _Democracy in America_ (1835); Second American edition, p. 408.
[16] See Appendix IV.
[17] A lorcher is a fast Chinese vessel, used a good deal by fishermen,
and in former times by the Chinese pirates and smugglers.
[18] The _Thermopylæ_ repeated this remarkable passage of sixty-three
days from London to Melbourne during the following year.
Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:
their chests, mess-kids=>
their chests, mess-kits
{pg 28}
A seires of voyages=>
A series of voyages
{pg 75}
upon the the transom=>
upon the transom
{pg 188}
a ship-bulding yard=>
a ship-building yard
{pg 271}
receiving letters and newspapars=>
receiving letters and newspapers
{pg 319}
David Crocket=>
David Crockett
{pg 369}
McKensie, Capt., _Houqua_, 63, 145, 341=>
McKenzie, Capt., _Houqua_, 63, 145, 341
{pg 391 index}