I
Krishna Gopal Sircar, zemindar of Jhikrakota, made over his estates to
his eldest son, and retired to Kasi, as befits a good Hindu, to spend
the evening of his life in religious devotion. All the poor and the
destitute of the neighbourhood were in tears at the parting. Every one
declared that such piety and benevolence were rare in these degenerate
days.
His son, Bipin Bihari, was a young man well educated after the modern
fashion, and had taken the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He sported a
pair of spectacles, wore a beard, and seldom mixed with others. His
private life was unsullied. He did not smoke, and never touched
cards. He was a man of stern disposition, though he looked soft and
pliable. This trait of his character soon came home to his tenantry
in diverse ways. Unlike his father, he would on no account allow the
remission of one single pice out of the rents justly due to him.
In no circumstances would he grant any tenant one single day's grace
in paying up.
On taking over the management of the property, Bipin Bihari discovered
that his father had allowed a large number of Brahmins to hold land
entirely rent-free, and a larger number at rents much below the
prevailing rates. His father was incapable of resisting the importunate
solicitation of others--such was the weakness of his character.
Bipin Bihari said this could never be. He could not abandon the
income of half his property--and he reasoned with himself thus:
_Firstly_, the persons who were in actual enjoyment of the concessions
and getting fat at his expense were a lot of worthless people, and
wholly undeserving of charity. Charity bestowed on such objects only
encouraged idleness. _Secondly_, living nowadays had become much
costlier than in the days of his ancestors. Wants had increased apace.
For a gentleman to keep up his position had become four times as
expensive as in days past. So he could not afford to scatter gifts
right and left as his father had done. On the contrary, it was his
bounden duty to call back as many of them as he possibly could.
So Bipin Bihari lost no time in carrying into effect what he conceived
to be his duty. He was a man of strict principles.
What had gone out of his grasp, returned to him little by little. Only
a very small portion of his father's grants did he allow to remain
undisturbed, and he took good care to arrange that even those should
not be deemed permanent.
The wails of the tenants reached Krishna Gopal at Benares through the
post. Some even made a journey to that place to represent their
grievances to him in person. Krishna Gopal wrote to his son intimating
his displeasure. Bipin Bihari replied, pointing out that the times
had changed. In former days, he said, the _zemindar_ was compensated
for the gifts he made by the many customary presents he received from
his tenantry. Recent statutes had made all such impositions illegal.
The _zemindar_ had now to rest content with just the stipulated
rent, and nothing more. 'Unless,' he continued, 'we keep a strict
watch over the payment of our just dues, what will be left to us?
Since the tenants won't give us anything extra now, how can we allow
them concessions? Our relations must henceforth be strictly commercial.
We shall be ruined if we go on making gifts and endowments, and the
preservation of our property and the keeping up of our position will be
rendered very difficult.'
Krishna Gopal became uneasy at finding that times should have changed
so much. 'Well, well,' he murmured to himself, 'the younger
generation knows best, I suppose. Our old-fashioned methods won't
do now. If I interfere, my son might refuse to manage the property,
and insist on my going back. No, thank you--I would rather not. I
prefer to devote the few days that are left me to the service of my
God.'