=Geomys bursarius lutescens=, Merriam
_Geomys bursarius lutescens_ Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, 4:51,
October 8, 1890; Scheffer, Technical Bull., U. S. Dept. Agric.,
224:6, January, 1931.
_Geomys lutescens_ Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, 8:127-29,
January 31, 1895; Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 19:175,
1905; Lantz, Kansas State Agric. College Bull., 129:335, April,
1905; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 36:240, 1933; Black,
30th Bienn. Rept. Kansas State Board Agric., 35:182, 1937;
Swenk, Missouri Valley Fauna, 2:1, February 1, 1940; Allen,
Kansas State Teachers College, Emporia, Bull. Inf. in Educ., 20
(no. 5):15, May, 1940; Hooper, Occas. Papers Mus. Zooel., Univ.
Michigan, 420:3, June 28, 1940.
_Geomys lutescens lutescens_, Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad.
Sci., 47:74, 1944.
_Type locality._--Sandhills on Birdwood Creek, Lincoln County,
western Nebraska.
_Distribution in Kansas._--Northwestern Kansas, eastward
certainly to Ellis County, southward certainly to Scott County.
_Description._--Animals with total length averaging no more
than 272 mm.; length of vertebrae of tail averaging no more
than 92; hind foot averaging no more than 35. Color: In autumn
pelage, upper parts Light Ochraceous-Buff becoming Buckthorn
Brown in middorsal region and there forming a faint
longitudinal band; sides Pale Yellow Orange. In summer,
Buckthorn Brown on upper parts with a dorsal band, especially
distinct on specimens from Ellis and Trego counties; specimens
from farther west lack the distinct dorsal band. Underparts
Gray Drab and sometimes whitish, usually whitish in young
specimens; basal color of pelage Deep Neutral Gray; fore and
hind feet whitish. Skull: Zygomatic arch broadly and squarely
spreading anteriorly; temporal impressions uniting to form a
low sagittal crest in adult males, but in adult females and in
young males the impressions usually remain apart; shape of
interparietal varying from subquadrate in young specimens to
subtriangular or triangular in adults; in some young specimens
the interparietal is reduced to a minute, ovoid bone.
_Comparisons._--See comparisons in the accounts of other subspecies
occurring in Kansas.
_Remarks._--In his monographic revision of the pocket gophers, Merriam
(1895:129) recorded 3 "typical or nearly typical" specimens from Trego
County, and 18 "non typical" specimens as follows: Garden Plain,
Sedgwick County, 4; Belle Plain, Sumner County, 5; Cairo, Pratt County,
6; Kiowa, Barber County, 2; and Ellis, Ellis County, 1. A detailed
discussion of Merriam's account of the distribution of _Geomys
lutescens_ in Kansas is given by Swenk (1940:11-12).
Judging by specimens in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural
History, _G. bursarius lutescens_ in Kansas is restricted to the
northwestern part of the state, reaching southward certainly to Scott
County and eastward certainly to Ellis County; precise limits of
distribution of this subspecies are unknown. Additional collecting is
necessary to determine where the range of _lutescens_ meets the ranges
of the other subspecies. The specimens studied are remarkably uniform.
One specimen obtained in October, in Trego County, is slightly lighter
colored than any other from Kansas. In other characteristics it agrees
with specimens from northwestern Kansas and from the type locality.
_Specimens examined._--Total number 32, as follows: _Cheyenne
County_: 23 mi. (by road) NW St. Francis, 3. _Rawlins County_:
2 mi. NE Ludell, 10. _Logan County_: 5 mi. W Elkader, 3; no
locality more precise than county, 1. _Trego County_: Wakeeney,
4; 12 mi. S Collyer, Perrington Ranch, 3; no locality more
precise than county, 5. _Scott County_: 4 mi. S Scott City, 2.
_Ellis County_: Hays State College Campus, Hays, 1.
=Geomys bursarius majusculus= Swenk
_Geomys bursarius majusculus_ Swenk, Missouri Valley Fauna,
1:6, December 5, 1939; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci.,
47:74, 1944.
_Geomys bursarius_, Baird, Expls. and surveys for a railroad
route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, pt. 1,
Mammals, 377, 1857; Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, 8:120, January,
1895; Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 19:175, 1905; Lantz,
Kansas State Agric. College Bull., 129:335, April, 1905;
Scheffer, Kansas State Agric. College Ento. and Zooel. Dept.
Bull., 172:199, September, 1910; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad.
Sci., 36:240, 1933; Allen, Kansas State Teachers College
Emporia Bull. Inf. Stud. in Educ., 20 (no. 5):15, May, 1940.
_Geomys bursarius bursarius_, Black, 30th Bienn. Rept. Kansas
State Board Agric., 35:181, 1937.
_Geomys breviceps_, Baird, Expls. and surveys for a railroad
route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, pt. 1,
Mammals, 380, 1857.
_Type locality._--Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska.
_Distribution in Kansas._--Northeastern Kansas, westward
certainly to Clay and Marion counties and southward certainly
to Greenwood County.
_Description._--Color: Upper parts Mummy Brown in fresh
appearing pelage of February but in more worn pelage of March
more reddish being near (16') Prout's Brown; top of head and
sometimes back darker than rest of upper parts; underparts
usually with some whitish anteriorly; fore and hind feet and
approximately distal half of tail white. Size: Large, total
length averaging more than 280 mm. in males and 257 in females;
hind foot averaging 35 mm. or more in males. Skull: Large;
rostrum averaging more than twice as long as wide; sagittal
crest high in males and barely present in females; occiput
vertical when skull is laid top down; least width of braincase
less than
distance from alveolus of upper incisor to middle of lateral
border of P^4 at alveolar border.
_Comparisons._--From _Geomys bursarius lutescens_, _majusculus_ differs
as follows: Color darker, Mummy Brown to Prout's Brown instead of
Buckthorn Brown. In both sexes: head and body a fifth to a sixth longer;
hind foot 5 to 6 per cent longer; skull averaging larger in all parts
measured except that premaxillae (in each subspecies) extend equally far
posteriorly to nasals; diastema longer in relation to basilar length;
rostrum longer relative to its width; sagittal crest higher; rostrum
often more depressed distally; angle of suture between maxilla and jugal
more obtuse.
From _G. b. bursarius_, according to Swenk (1939:6), _majusculus_
differs in larger size.
From _G. b. illinoensis_, _majusculus_, according to Komarek and Spencer
(1931:405), differs in brownish instead of slate-gray coloration and in
two cranial characters as follows: Nasals straight-sided instead of
shaped like an hour-glass, and superficial canals on palatine extending
anteriorly beyond first molar, and from there anteriorly more or less
separated. The first of these characters does not always hold;
occasional individuals of _majusculus_, for example some from Douglas
County, have the nasals shaped like an hour-glass.
From _G. breviceps dutcheri_, _majusculus_ differs in larger size (hind
foot more than 33 mm. in males, and 29 in females; basilar length more
than 42 mm. in males and 36 in females); dorsal exposure of jugal longer
than width of rostrum measured between ventral margins of infraorbital
foramina.
From _G. bursarius major_ of southcentral Kansas (for example Harvey
County), _majusculus_ differs in slightly darker color, being Mummy
Brown instead of Prout's Brown; size larger (in males total length more
than 284 mm., hind foot 35 or more, basilar length of skull more than
42, and in females total length 265 or more, hind foot averaging 33 or
more, and basilar length 40 or more).
Skull: Averaging larger in all parts measured, except that premaxillae
do not extend so far posteriorly to nasals in either males or females;
interorbital constriction slightly narrower in adult females; temporal
ridges forming a more prominent sagittal crest in adult males (sagittal
crest barely present in some adult males of _major_ from Harper County).
_Remarks._--In employing the subspecific name _majusculus_ we are
following Swenk (1939:6) who on the basis of larger size differentiated
the animals from southeastern South Dakota, the eastern parts of
Nebraska and Kansas, and the western and southern parts of Iowa, from
_G. bursarius bursarius_ to which he assigned a more northern geographic
range. In the absence of comparative materials of the northern
subspecies we cannot make an independent decision on the validity of
_majusculus_ and recognize that if it is inseparable from _G. b.
bursarius_ the latter name will apply to specimens from northeastern
Kansas. We are the more uncertain about applying the name _majusculus_
to specimens from eastern Kansas because they average smaller than
topotypes. Only at the northeasternmost locality in Kansas (3 mi. N
Cummings, Atchison County) do specimens average as large as topotypes of
_majusculus_. Farther southward they become progressively smaller in
eastern Kansas, and we interpret this as intergradation with the still
smaller subspecies _major_, to the southwest. The average external
measurements of two adult males from Atchison County are: 321-99-35.
Thirty-six miles farther south, in Douglas County, 16 adult males
average 289-80-36. From Hamilton, Greenwood County, 80 miles farther
southwest, nine adult males average 284-83-35. The maximum total length
recorded at these three localities is: Atchison County, 342 (1 of 2
specimens), Douglas County, 308 (1 of 16 specimens), Greenwood County,
357 (in coll. of Dr. Glenn C. Rinker and 1 of 15 males of all ages
involved). It will be seen, therefore, that although there is a trend to
smaller average size toward the southward, the maximum of 357
millimeters total length at Hamilton exceeds the maximum of 352
millimeters recorded by Swenk (1939:3) among 86 males at Lincoln where
the recorded average is largest.
Four specimens from Salina (Debold Farm) are intermediate structurally,
as they are also geographically, between _G. b. majusculus_ on the one
hand and _Geomys bursarius lutescens_ and _Geomys bursarius major_ on
the other hand. In color they agree with _majusculus_, as they do also
in width of nasals posteriorly, in more obtuse angle of the rostrum and
maxillary arm of the zygomatic arch. They agree with _G. b. lutescens_
in having the occiput inclined anterodorsally, and are intermediate
between _majusculus_ and _lutescens_, but nearer the latter in size of
skull and in length of the rostrum relative to its width.
_Specimens examined._--Total number, 148, as follows: _Clay
County_: 6 mi. SW Clay Center, 3. _Jackson County_: 10-1/2 mi.
WSW Holton, 1; no locality more precise than county, 1.
_Atchison County_: 3 mi. N Cummings, 2. _Jefferson County_:
Oskaloosa, 1. _Leavenworth County_: Fort Leavenworth
(Government Hill, 2; Engineer Hill, 1), 6; no locality more
precise
than county, 19. _Saline County_: Salina, Debold Farm, 4 (coll.
of A. J. Kirn). _Morris County_: 1-1/2 mi. N Council Grove, 3.
_Douglas County_: 1 mi. NW Midland, 2; 1 mi. N Lawrence, 1;
2-1/2 mi. W Lawrence, 2; 1 mi. W K. U. Campus, 2; 1 mi. W
Lawrence, 2; 1/2 mi. W Lawrence, 2; "W K. U. Campus," 2; K. U.
Campus, 4; Lawrence, 23; South Lawrence, 1; 1/2 mi. SW K. U.
Campus, 2; Southwest K. U. Campus, 1; Haskell Institute, 1;
4-1/2 mi. S Lawrence, 1; 7 mi. SW Lawrence, 6; 7-1/2 mi. SW
Lawrence, 1; 8 mi. SW Lawrence, 1; 10 mi. S Lawrence, 1; 11 mi.
SW Lawrence, 3; no locality more precise than county, 15.
_Marion County_: 1-1/2 mi. NE Lincolnville, 6; 4 mi. SE
Lincolnville, 1; 6 mi. S Lincolnville, 1. _Greenwood County_:
Hamilton, 1; 1/2 mi. S Hamilton, 4; 1 mi. S Hamilton, 4; 4 mi.
S and 14 mi. W Hamilton, 6; 8 mi. SW Toronto, 1; 8-1/2 mi. SW
Toronto, 5; no locality more precise than county, 6.
=Geomys bursarius jugossicularis= Hooper
_Geomys lutescens jugossicularis_ Hooper, Occas. Papers Mus.
Zooel., Univ. Michigan, no. 420: 1, June 28, 1940; Hibbard,
Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 47, p. 75, 1944.
_Type locality._--Lamar, Prowers County, Colorado.
_Distribution in Kansas._--Extreme southwestern part of state,
northward certainly to Hamilton County and south certainly to
Morton and Seward counties.
_Description._--A yellowish-cinnamon colored animal, with body
of medium size, zygomatic plate of maxilla deep and mastoid
process small.
_Comparisons._--Differs from _Geomys bursarius industrius_ in slightly
lighter color; occiput not strongly inclined anterodorsally.
From _G. b. lutescens_, _jugossicularis_ differs in less buffy
coloration and deeper zygomatic plate of maxilla.
_Remarks._--_G. bursarius jugossicularis_ and _G. bursarius industrius_
intergrade in the southern part of Meade County. Some specimens from
this area show a coloration resembling that of _G. b. jugossicularis_;
nevertheless, one specimen from Morton County has the occiput
anterodorsally inclined as in _G. b. industrius_.
Specimens examined from Hamilton County correspond closely to _G. b.
jugossicularis_; they agree with it both in color and in cranial
characters.
_Specimens examined._--Total number, 20, distributed as
follows: _Hamilton County_: 1 mi. E Coolidge, Conard Farm, 4.
_Morton County_: 12 mi. NE Elkhart, 2; Cimarron River, 12 mi. N
Elkhart, 4; no locality more precise than county, 6. _Seward
County_: 1 mi. E Arkalon, 4.
=Geomys bursarius industrius=, new subspecies
_Geomys lutescens_ Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, 8:127, January
31, 1895.
_Geomys breviceps llanensis_, Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad.
Sci., 36:240, 1933; Black, 30th Bienn. Rept. Kansas State Board
Agric., 35:181. 1937.
_Geomys lutescens jugossicularis_ Hooper, Occas. Papers Mus.
Zooel., Univ. Michigan, 420:1, June 28, 1940.
_Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, no. 14083 Museum of
Natural History, University of Kansas; from 1-1/2 miles north
of Fowler, Meade County, Kansas; obtained December 30, 1941, by
H. H. Hildebrand, original number 16.
_Distribution in Kansas._--Southwestern Kansas from Meade
County eastward certainly to Pratt and Clark counties; from
Pawnee County southward probably to the Oklahoma boundary.
_Diagnosis._--Size of body medium; color of upper parts Cinnamon
Brown; skull with occiput strongly inclined anterodorsally in
males.
[Illustration: FIG. 2. Three views of the skull of the type
specimen of _Geomys bursarius industrius_. A. Lateral view; B.
Dorsal view; C. Ventral view. All natural size.]
_Description._--Color: Upper parts Cinnamon Brown, slightly
reddish, but in some specimens collected in September, in
Pawnee County, near (15' _i_) Ochraceous-Tawny; underparts
usually Wood Brown, somewhat whitish anteriorly; forefeet
white; hind feet and approximately distal half of tail whitish.
Size: Medium (see measurements), total length averaging not
more than 271 mm. in males and 254 in females; hind foot
averaging not more than 35 mm. in males and less than 32 in
females. Skull: In males, least width of braincase equal to
distance from alveolus of incisor to anterior border of
alveolus of first upper molar, occiput strongly inclined
anterodorsally, temporal impressions usually united in a low
sagittal crest, zygomatic arch heavy and curved at level of
jugal bone. In adult females least width of braincase
approximately equal to distance from alveolus of incisor to
anterior border of alveolus of first upper molar (not
premolar); occiput less inclined anterodorsally
than in males; temporal ridges not forming a sagittal crest. In
young females the width of the braincase is more than the
distance between the alveoli of the incisor and first molar.
_Comparisons._--_G. lutescens industrius_ differs from _G. lutescens
lutescens_ in: Color darker; least width of braincase not equal to
(usually more than) the distance from the alveolus of incisor to the
anterior border of the alveolus of the first upper molar.
_G. lutescens industrius_ differs from _G. lutescens jugossicularis_ in:
Color slightly darker, the former being Cinnamon Brown instead of
Vinaceous Cinnamon, with hairs basally Deep Neutral Gray in upper parts
and underparts. Skull: Jugular part of zygomatic arch more curved
(convex dorsally) and occiput far more inclined anterodorsally; lower
part of mastoidal ridge more prominent.
For comparison with _G. l. major_, see account of that subspecies.
_Remarks._--Judging from the known specimens of this subspecies, it has
the smallest geographic range of any of the subspecies in Kansas, but
additional collecting in Hodgeman County and counties to the north and
west of it may extend the known range in those directions; collecting in
Comanche County and in adjoining parts of Oklahoma may extend the known
range to the southward.
The anterodorsal inclination of the occiput in males is the one cranial
character in which _industrius_ differs from all of the subspecies with
adjoining geographic ranges. The existence of this unique (among
adjoining subspecies) cranial character is the principal reason for
according subspecific status to this animal. Although it has other
characters which are fairly uniform over a considerable geographic area,
these other characters, namely, Cinnamon Brown color of the upper parts
and medium size of the body, after all, are conditions intermediate
between those in _jugossicularis_ to the west and those in the darker
and larger animals assigned to _major_ to the eastward. Considering the
intermediate geographic position of _industrius_, the color and size are
approximately what a person would predict by study of only the animals
to the west and those to the east. Therefore, the color and size
probably are indicative of intergradation between _jugossicularis_ and
_major_. Still, there is the anterodorsally inclined occiput in
males--a character of a unique sort--and this influences us to give
subspecific status to this animal with full recognition of the fact that
it is a "weak" subspecies as compared with any one of the adjoining
subspecies.
Hooper (1940:2) in naming as new _Geomys lutescens jugossicularis_
referred to his new subspecies a skin-only from Meade County State Park.
Our more abundant material from there shows the cranial conformation to
be that of _industrius_ to which we accordingly assign the specimens.
However, with only a skin available, we, too, would have used the name
_jugossicularis_ because the color is paler than in other specimens of
_industrius_ and this paleness indicates intergradation between the two
named subspecies. Specimens from Pratt County are slightly darker than
_industrius_ thereby indicating intergradation between _industrius_ and
_major_.
_Specimens examined._--Total number, 58, distributed as
follows: _Pawnee County_: Jct. Pawnee and Arkansas rivers,
Larned, 6; 1 mi. S and 1 mi. E Larned, 7. _Edwards County_: 1
mi. W and 3-1/2 mi. S Kinsley, 1. _Kiowa County_: Rezeau Ranch,
5 mi. N Belvidere, 2. _Pratt County_: Pratt, 14; no locality
more precise than county, 1. _Meade County_: 3-1/2 mi. NE
Fowler, 2; 2 mi. N Fowler, 2; 1-1/2 mi. N Fowler, 2; 1-1/4 mi.
N and 3/4 mi. E Fowler, 2; 7 mi. N Meade, Cudahy Ash Pit, 2; 13
mi. SW Meade, 9; State Lake, 2; State Park, 4. _Clark County_:
7 mi. SW Kingsdown, E. A. Stephenson Ranch, 1; 6 mi. S
Kingsdown, 1.
=Geomys bursarius major= Davis
_Geomys lutescens major_ Davis, Texas Agric. Exp. St., Bull.
no. 590:32, August, 1940; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci.,
47:75, 1944.
_Geomys lutescens_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 8:129, January 31,
1895.
_Geomys breviceps llanensis_, Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 20
(pt. 2): 215, 1907; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 36:240,
1933; Black, 30th Bienn. Rept. Kansas State Board Agric.,
35:182, 1937; Swenk, Missouri Valley Fauna, 2:12, February 1,
1940.
_Type locality._--Eight miles west of Clarendon, Donley County,
Texas.
_Distribution in Kansas._--Southcentral Kansas, northward
certainly to Ellsworth County, westward certainly to Stafford
and Barber counties and eastward to Cowley County.
_Description._--Color: Upper parts varying from Brussels Brown
in some specimens to nearly Prout's Brown, especially in
specimens from central part of state. Top of head, and
sometimes back, darker than rest of upper parts, but no well
defined black stripe; underparts varying from whitish to nearly
Buffy Brown; fore and hind feet and approximately distal half
of tail white. Size: Large (see measurements). Skull: Sagittal
crest absent in females and barely present in males; least
width of braincase more than distance from alveolus of incisor
to middle of lateral border of P^4 at alveolar border. Length
of auditory bulla (from anteroventral edge of paroccipital
process of exoccipital to hamulus of peterygoid), in each sex,
more than 8 mm.; occiput usually vertical when skull is laid
top down; zygomatic arch broadly and squarely spreading,
divergent anteriorly; rostrum averaging less than twice as long
as wide.
_Comparisons._--From _G. bursarius lutescens_, _major_ differs in color
darker, premaxillae extending slightly farther posteriorly; temporal
impressions usually forming a more well-marked sagittal crest in males;
ventral side of zygomatic arch, at level of jugal bone, more curved.
From _G. bursarius majusculus_, _major_ differs in slightly lighter
color, smaller size of body; in males, total length less than 284 mm.;
hind foot 34 or less; basilar length of skull less than 42; in females
total length less than 264, hind foot no more than 33, and basilar
length less than 39.
From _G. bursarius industrius_, _major_ differs in color, being Prout's
Brown, instead of Cinnamon Brown (less Fuscous); body averaging 10 per
cent longer; total length in males from 9 to 9.7 per cent longer, hind
foot 9.7 per cent longer on the average; skull averaging larger in all
parts measured. Occiput less inclined anterodorsally; top nearly flat,
less arched than that of _G. b. industrius_; auditory bulla averaging
slightly larger and less inflated.
_Remarks._--Specimens of this subspecies from Norman, Cleveland County,
Oklahoma, and Canton, Dewey County, Oklahoma, and most of those from
Kansas, are more Fuscous than topotypes and tend toward _G. bursarius
majusculus_. Specimens from McPherson County have a darker dorsal stripe
resembling that of _G. bursarius majusculus_. One adult from Little Salt
Marsh, Stafford County, is pale, closely resembling topotypes.
Most of the cranial characters, nevertheless, are constant in all
available specimens, except that in specimens of each sex from the type
locality the basilar length averages 4 to 5 per cent shorter. In the
constancy of size of the relatively large auditory bullae and in the
nearly flat dorsal profile of the cranial part of the skull, the
specimens from Kansas agree with the specimens from the type locality.
Specimens from Harper County have the occiput slightly inclined
anterodorsally and thus are reminiscent of _industrius_ which has an
even greater inclination of the occiput. Probably the appearance in
dilute fashion of this character in Harper County is properly to be
interpreted as intergradation with _industrius_. If so, the actual
intergradation may be to the northwest _via_ Pratt County since
specimens from Barber County, immediately west of Harper and lying
between Harper County and the range of _industrius_, do not have the
occiput so inclined.
Of a pair of adults from eight miles west of Rosalia, Butler County,
the female is indistinguishable in color from adults of _G. b.
industrius_ from northern Meade County and from two specimens from
eleven miles west of Clarendon, Donley County, Texas, near the type
locality of _G. b. major_. The male from eight miles west of Rosalia is
darker as compared either with _G. b. industrius_ or _G. b. major_ and
the coloration of the upper parts resembles those in _G. b._
_majusculus_; the underparts are only slightly paler than the upper
parts as in _majusculus_. Measurements of the skulls are intermediate
between the averages for _G. b. majusculus_ and those for _G. b. major_.
These specimens from eight miles west of Rosalia are intermediate
structurally, and since they are intermediate geographically between _G.
b. majusculus_ and _G. b. major_, they suggest intergradation of the two
subspecies. The specimens in question are referred to _major_ because
the size is nearer that of _major_. It is mainly the intermediate nature
of these two specimens from Butler County, and the intermediate nature
of the specimens from McPherson County, Kansas, that have caused us to
treat _G. b. majusculus_ as only subspecifically distinct from the more
western subspecies, _major_.
_Specimens examined._--Total number, 77, as follows: _Ellsworth
County_: 2 mi. S Ellsworth, 1. _McPherson County_: Smoky Hill
River, 1 mi. S and 1/2 mi. W Lindsborg, 5; 1/2 mi. E McPherson,
1. _Stafford County_: Little Salt Marsh, 12; no locality more
precise than county, 3. _Reno County_: 8 mi. N and 1 mi. E
Haven, 2. _Harvey County_: 1 mi. E and 1/2 mi. N Halstead, 1;
Halstead, 3. _Butler County_: 8 mi. W Rosalia, 2. _Barber
County_: near South Bridge, Sun City, 1; 2 mi. S Sun City, 1;
Wells Ranch, Aetna, 5; "1 mi. W Aetna," 3; near South Bridge,
Aetna, 1; near Bridge, 1 mi. S Aetna, 2. _Harper County_: 4-1/2
mi. NE Danville, 8; 1 mi. N Harper, 11; 3 mi. S Harper, 1.
_Cowley County_: 3 mi. SW Arkansas City, 4; 3 mi. SE Arkansas
City, 9; 3 mi. S Arkansas City, 1.