[1] It is commonly identified with the modern Küstendil, but Usküb
(the ancient Skupi) has also been suggested. See Tozer, _Highlands of
European Turkey_, ii. 370.
[2] The name Uprauda is said to be derived from the word _prauda_,
which in Old Slavic means _jus_, _justitia_, the prefix being simply
a breathing frequently attached to Slavonic names.
[3] See, for an account of the instructions given to the commission,
the constitution _Haec quae_, prefixed to the revised _Codex_ in the
_Corpus juris civilis_.
[4] See the constitution _Deo auctore_ (_Cod._ i. 17, 1).
[5] In the middle ages people used to cite passages by the initial
words; and the Germans do so still, giving, however, the number of
the paragraph in the extract (if there are more paragraphs than one),
and appending the number of the book and title. We in Britain and
America usually cite by the numbers of the book, the title and the
paragraph, without referring to the initial words.
[6] See Bluhme, "Die Ordnung der Fragmente in den Pandektentiteln,"
in Savigny's _Zeitschr. f. gesch. Rechtswissenschaft_, vol. iv.