_Angle Iron._ A structural piece of steel in the form of a 90° angle
used in certain situations to sustain brickwork.
_Backing._ The part of the wall behind the face brick.
_Bat._ Any part of a brick intentionally or accidentally broken off.
_Bed._ The horizontal surface on which the bricks of the wall lie in
courses. Also, the mortar on which the brick rest.
_Bed Joint._ A joint between two horizontal courses of brick.
_Belt Course._ A horizontal course of brick or other material usually
projecting, and generally in line with window sills or heads.
_Bench-Mark._ A well defined mark, accurately established, in
a protected location on some immovable object, as a point of
reference.
_Bond._ The overlapping of brick in various ways so as to give both
longitudinal and transverse strength to the wall, and at the same
time produce a pleasing appearance.
_Breaking Joint._ The placing of brick so that no two vertical or
head joints come immediately over one another.
_Buttered Joint._ A very thin mortar joint made by scraping a small
quantity of mortar with the trowel on all edges of the brick and
laying it without the usual mortar bed.
_Cell._ One of the hollow spaces in building tile.
_Centering._ The temporary frame or template on which an arch is
turned.
_Chase._ A vertical recess on the inside face of a wall formed by
omitting one or more bricks in each course to accommodate plumbing,
heating, or other pipes.
_Chimney Breast._ The projection on the interior or exterior face of
a wall caused by fireplace or flues.
_Closure._ A quarter or three-quarter brick to close, when required,
the end of a course, as distinguished from a half-brick. This term
equally applies to tile.
_Coping._ A row of brick, usually projecting, used to cap or finish
the top of a wall and protect it from the weather. It is usually
laid up in very rich Portland cement mortar with tooled joints.
_Corbel._ One or more courses of brick projecting from the wall to
form a support.
_Course._ A horizontal row of brick in a wall.
_Culling._ Sorting brick for size, color, and quality.
_Culls._ The brick rejected in culling.
_Diaper._ Any continuous pattern in brickwork of which the various
bonds are examples. It is usually applied however, to diamond or
other diagonal patterns.
_Edge-set._ A brick set on its narrow instead of on its flat side.
_Efflorescence._ The deposition of a white powder or crust on the
surface of brickwork, due to soluble salts usually in the mortar
but sometimes in the brick, and, drawn out with the moisture by
the sun, left as a deposit on the surface. Brick clays containing
these salts are now cured by using a carbonate of barium. Against
mortar efflorescence care should be taken to protect all brickwork
at eaves and sill courses from excessive moisture. Also Whitewash
or Whitewashing.
_Face Brick._ A well-burned brick, especially prepared, selected,
and handled to secure attractive appearance in the face of a wall,
as distinguished from common brick as used for backing or other
structural work.
_Face._ The long, narrow side of a brick, specially treated in the
manufacture of face brick to produce certain color tones and
textures.
_Fire Stop._ A projection of brickwork on the walls between the
joists to prevent the spread of fire or vermin.
_Flat Stretcher Course._ A course of stretchers set on edge and
exposing their flat sides on the surface of the wall. Frequently
done with brick finished for the purpose on the flat side, such as
enameled or glazed brick.
_Flue._ A passage in a chimney especially for the exit of smoke and
gases, one or more of which may be enclosed in the same chimney.
_Flue Lining._ A smooth one-celled hollow tile for protecting flues.
_Footing._ The broadened base of a foundation wall, or other
super-structure.
_Green Brickwork._ Brickwork in which the mortar has not yet set.
_Grout._ Rich mortar made very thin so that it will readily run into
the joints of brickwork and fill them.
_Header._ A brick laid on its flat side across the thickness of the
wall, so as to show the end of the brick on the surface of the wall.
_Header Course._ A course composed entirely of headers.
_Head Joint._ A joint between the ends of two bricks in the same
course. Also Vertical Joint.
_Hearth._ That portion of a fireplace level with the floor, upon
which the fire is built. The rear portion extending into the fire
opening is known as the back hearth.
_Lead._ A part of the wall at the corners, or elsewhere when needed,
built in advance of the rest of the wall as a guide to which the
line is attached.
_Lime Putty._ Slaked lime in a soft puttylike condition before sand
or cement is added.
_Line._ The string stretched taut from lead to lead as a guide for
laying the top edge of a brick course.
_Lintel._ A horizontal support for brickwork over an opening.
_Mantel._ A shelf projecting beyond the chimney breast above the
fireplace opening.
_Nogging._ A filling of brick between the roof rafters from wall
plate to roof boards for the purpose of making the building
wind-tight.
_Pointing._ Inserting mortar into the joints after the brickwork is
completed, in order to correct defects left in the progress of the
work.
_Quoins._ Projecting courses of brick at the corners of buildings as
ornamental features.
_Racking._ Laying the end of the wall with a series of steps so
that when work is resumed, the bond can be easily continued. More
convenient and structurally better than toothing.
_Reveal._ The vertical side of a window or door opening from face of
wall to frame.
_Rowlock Course._ A course of headers laid on the edge instead of on
the flat side of the brick as usual.
_Salmon Brick._ The softer brick of the kiln suitable for places
protected from outside exposure or where great crushing strength is
not required.
_Selects._ The bricks accepted as the best after culling.
_Shove Joint._ A vertical joint filled by shoving the brick, when it
is being laid in the bed of mortar, against the next brick. Also
Shoved Joint.
_Skewback._ In brickwork, a brick or stone cut to make an inclined
surface for receiving thrust or pressure, as of an arch.
_Slush Joint._ A vertical joint filled by throwing mortar in with the
trowel after the bricks are laid. Also Slushed Joint.
_Smoke Chamber._ The space in a fireplace immediately above the
throat, where the smoke gathers before passing into the flue, and
narrowed by corbeling to the size of the flue lining above. Also
Smoke Cavern.
_Soldier Course._ A course of stretchers set on end with the face
showing on the wall surface.
_Splay._ A slope or bevel, particularly at the sides of a window or
door.
_Story Pole._ A pole on which the height from joist to joist, as well
as all intermediate openings, brick courses, etc., is indicated.
_Stretcher._ A brick laid on its flat side so as to show its face on
the surface of the wall.
_Template._ Any form or pattern, such as centering, over which
brickwork may be formed.
_Thickness of Wall._ The thickness of a wall stated in terms of
brick, inches, or tiers, thus:
_In Number
of Brick._ _In Inches._ _In Tiers._
------------ ------------ ----------
One brick 4" 1 tier
Two " 8" or 9" 2 tiers
Three " 12" or 13" 3 tiers
Four " 16" or 17" 4 tiers
_Throat._ An opening at the top of a fireplace through which the
smoke passes to the smoke chamber and chimney.
_Tier._ One of the four-inch, or one-brick, layers in the thickness
of a wall. (Gilbreth).
_Toothing._ The method of building the end of a wall so that the end
stretcher of every alternate course projects one-half its length,
against which another wall may be built.
_Toothing-in._ Joining a new wall to an old toothed wall.
_Trimmer Arch._ A brick arch built in front of and below a fireplace
opening to support the hearth, abutting on the fireplace foundation
and thrusting against the header joist.
_Tuck-pointing._ The filling in of joints in old brickwork with fresh
mortar, usually cement.
_Vertical Joint._ Same as Head Joint.
_Washing Down._ Cleaning the surface of the brick wall, after it is
completed and pointed, with a mild solution of muriatic acid.
_Water Table._ A slight projection of the lower courses of brickwork
at the base of a building.
_Webb._ The thin wall bounding and separating the cells in hollow
tile.
Whitewashing, Whitewash. See Efflorescence.
_Wind Shelf._ The ledge back of the damper at the bottom of the smoke
cavern.
_Withe._ A partition between two flues in the same chimney.