From the North.--Rumored defeat of Gen. Early.--Panic among officials.--
Moving the archives.--Lincoln's inaugural.--Victory in North
Carolina.--Rumored treaty with France.--Sheridan's movements.--Letter
from Lord John Russell.--Sherman's progress.--Desperate condition of
the Government.--Disagreement between the President and Congress.--
Development of Grant's combination.--Assault at Hare's Hill.--
Departure of Mrs. President Davis.
MARCH 1ST.--Cloudy, cold, and dismal. We have no news, except from the
North, whence we learn Lieut. Beall, one of our Canada raiders, has been
hung; that some little cotton and turpentine were burnt at Wilmington;
and that the enemy's columns are approaching us from all directions.
They say the rebellion will be crushed very soon, and really seem to
have speedy and accurate information from Richmond not only of all
movements of our army, but of the intentions of the government. They say
Lynchburg and East Tennessee now occupy the mind of Gen. Lee; and they
know every disposition of our forces from day to day sooner than our own
people! What imbecile stolidity! Will we thus blunder on to the end?
Congress has passed an act organizing the artillery force of Lee's
army--submitted by Gen. Pendleton (Episcopal clergyman), who writes the
Secretary that Col. Pemberton (Northern man and once lieutenant-general)
is making efforts to induce the President to withhold his approval of
the bill, which he deprecates and resents, as the bill is sanctioned by
the judgment of Gen. Lee. From this letter I learn we have 330 guns and
90 mortars under Lee; enough to make a _great noise_ yet!
Lieut.-Gen. Grant has directed Col. Mulford, Agent of Exchange, to say
that some 200 prisoners escaped from us, when taken to Wilmington for
exchange, and now in his lines, will be held as paroled, and credited in
the general exchange. Moreover, all prisoners in transitu for any point
of exchange, falling into their hands, will be held as paroled, and
exchanged. He states also that all prisoners held by the United States,
whether in close confinement, in irons, or under sentence, are to be
exchanged. Surely Gen. Grant is trying to please us in this matter. Yet
Lieut. Beall was executed!
MARCH 2D.--Raining. No well-authenticated news; but by many it is
believed Staunton is in the hands of the enemy, and Lynchburg menaced.
Nevertheless, the government is sending a portion of the archives and
stores to Lynchburg!
The clergymen are at work begging supplies for the soldiers; and they
say the holding of Richmond and the success of the cause depend upon the
success of their efforts, the government being null! A large per cent.
of these preachers is of Northern birth--and some of them may possibly
betray the cause if they deem it desperate. This is the history of such
men in the South so far. But the President trusts them, and we must
trust the President.
Hon. Wm. C. Rives has resigned his seat in Congress. Alleged causes, ill
health and great age--over 70.
The Negro bill still hangs fire in Congress.
Roger A. Pryor is to be exchanged. He was the guest of Forney in
Washington, and had interviews with President Lincoln.
The government is impressing horses in the streets, to collect the
tobacco preparatory for its destruction in the event of the city falling
into the hands of the enemy. This fact is already known in the North and
published in the papers there. A pretty passport and police system,
truly!
I saw a paper to-day from Mr. Benjamin, saying it had been determined,
in the event of burning the tobacco, to exempt that belonging to other
governments--French and Austrian; but that belonging to foreign subjects
is not to be spared. This he says is with the concurrence of the British
Government. Tobacco is being moved from the city with all possible
expedition.
MARCH 3D.--Raining and cold. This morning there was another arrival of
our prisoners on parole, and not yet exchanged. Many thousands have
arrived this week, and many more are on the way. How shall we feed them?
Will _they_ compel the evacuation of the city? I hope not. Capt. Warner,
Commissary-General, is here again; and if assigned to duty, has
sufficient business qualifications to collect supplies.
Thank God, I have some 300 pounds of flour and half that amount of
meal--bread rations for my family, seven in number, for more than two
months! I have but 7-1/2 pounds of meat; but we can live without it, as
we have often done. I have a bushel of peas also, and coal and wood for
a month. This is a guarantee against immediate starvation, should the
famine become more rigorous, upon which we may felicitate ourselves.
Our nominal income has been increased; amounting now to some $16,000 in
paper--less than $300 in specie. But, for the next six months (if we can
stay here), our rent will be only $75 per month--a little over one
dollar; and servant hire, $40--less than eighty cents.
It is rumored that Gen. Early has been beaten again at Waynesborough,
and that the enemy have reached _Charlottesville_ for the first time.
Thus it seems our downward career continues. We _must_ have a victory
soon, else Virginia is irretrievably lost.
Two P.M. The wind has shifted to the south; warm showers.
Three P.M. It is said they are fighting at Gordonsville; whether or not
the enemy have Charlottesville is therefore uncertain. I presume it is
an advance of Sheridan's cavalry whom our troops have engaged at
Gordonsville.
MARCH 4TH.--Raining hard, and warm. We have vague reports of Early's
defeat in the Valley by an overwhelming force; and the gloom and
despondency among the people are in accordance with the hue of the
constantly-occurring disasters.
Brig.-Gen. J. Gorgas, Chief of Ordnance, has been rebuked by Gen. Lee
for constantly striving to get mechanics out of the service. Gen. Lee
says the time has arrived when the necessity of having able-bodied men
in the field is paramount to all other considerations.
Brig.-Gen. Preston (Bureau of Conscription) takes issue with Gen. Lee on
the best mode of sending back deserters to the field. He says there are
at this time 100,000 _deserters_!
C. Lamar, Bath, S. C, writes to the President that ----, a bonded
farmer, secretly removed his meat and then burnt his smoke-house,
conveying the impression that all his meat was destroyed. The President
sends this to the Secretary of War with the following indorsement: "For
attention--this example shows the vice of class exemption, as well as
the practices resorted to to avoid yielding supplies to the government."
The Legislature of North Carolina has passed resolutions exempting
millers, blacksmith, etc.--in contravention of the act of Congress--and
directing Gov. Vance to correspond with the Secretary of War on the
subject. This bears an ugly aspect.
Gen. Early's little army is scattered to the winds. Charlottesville has
been in possession of the enemy, but at last accounts Gen. Rosser, in
Sheridan's rear, held it. Sheridan advanced to Scottsville; and is no
doubt still advancing. Lynchburg is rendered unsafe; and yet some of the
bureaus are packing up and preparing to send the archives thither. They
would probably fall into the hands of the enemy.
Gen. Lee is in the city--where there is much confusion of tongues--and
impatient, waiting for the next scene of the drama. If there was to be
concert of action between Grant and Sheridan, probably the copious rains
have prevented it.
Two P.M. There is almost a panic among officials here who have their
families with them, under the belief that the city may be suddenly
evacuated, and the impossibility of getting transportation. I do not
share the belief--that is, that the event is likely to occur
immediately; but if it should occur, I know my wife and children will
remain--for a season. We must "pray that our flight be not in the
winter."
Gen. Lee was closeted with the Secretary of War several hours to-day. It
is reported that Gen. L.'s family are preparing to leave the city.
MARCH 5TH.--Bright and cool; some frost this morning.
I saw an officer yesterday from Early's command. He said the enemy
entered Charlottesville on Friday at half-past two o'clock P.M., between
2000 and 3000 strong, cavalry, and had made no advance at the latest
accounts. He says Gen. Early, when last seen, was flying, and pursued by
some fifteen well-mounted Federals, only fifty paces in his rear. The
general being a large heavy man, and badly mounted, was undoubtedly
captured. He intimated that Early's _army_ consisted of only about 1000
men! Whether he had more elsewhere, I was unable to learn. I have not
heard of any destruction of property by the enemy.
There is still an accredited rumor of the defeat of Sherman. Perhaps he
may have been checked, and turned toward his supplies on the coast.
I learn by a paper from Gen. Gorgas, Chief of Ordnance, that the
machinery of the workshops here is being moved to Danville, Salisbury,
and other places in North Carolina. He recommends that transportation be
given the families of the operatives; and that houses be built for them,
with permission to buy subsistence at government prices, for twelve
months, that the mechanics may be contented and kept from deserting.
This would rid the city of some thousands of its population, and be some
measure of relief to those that remain. But how long will we be allowed
to remain? All depends upon the operations in the field during the next
few weeks--and these may depend upon the wisdom of those in possession
of the government, which is now at a discount.
The Secretary of the Treasury is selling gold for Confederate States
notes for reissue to meet pressing demands; the machinery for
manufacturing paper money having just at present no certain abiding
place. The government gives $1 of gold for sixty of its own paper; but
were it to cease selling gold, it would command $100 for $1.
MARCH 6TH.--A bright frosty morning.
This day I am fifty-five years of age.
It is now reported that Gen. Early made his escape, and that most of his
men have straggled into this city.
One body of Sheridan's men are said to have been at Gordonsville
yesterday, coming hitherward, while another were near Scottsville,
aiming for the South Side Railroad.
The Adjutant-General, having granted furloughs to the returned prisoners
two days ago, to-day revokes them. Will such vacillating policy
conciliate the troops, and incite them to heroic deeds?
The President and his wife were at church yesterday; so they have not
left the city; but Gen. Lee's family, it is rumored, are packing up to
leave.
I bought a quarter of a cord of oak wood this morning to mix with the
green pine, and paid $55 for it.
Gen. Early's cavalry, being mostly men of property, were two-thirds of
them on furlough or detail, when the enemy advanced on Charlottesville;
and the infantry, being poor, with no means either to bribe the
authorities, to fee members of Congress, or to aid their suffering
families, declined to fight in defense of the property of their rich and
_absent_ neighbors! We lost four guns beyond Charlottesville, and our
forces were completely routed.
There are rumors to-day that a column of the enemy's cavalry has reached
Hanover County. Gen. R. E. Lee has ordered Major-Gen. Fitz Lee's cavalry
to march against them.
Twelve M. They are bringing boxes to the War Office, to pack up the
archives. This certainly indicates a sudden removal in an emergency. It
is not understood whether they go to Danville or to Lynchburg; that may
depend upon _Grant's_ movements. It may, however, be Lee's purpose to
_attack_ Grant; meantime preparing to fall back in the event of losing
the day.
Four days hence we have a day of fasting, etc., appointed by the
President; and I understand there are but _three_ day's rations for the
army--a nice calculation.
Gen. Johnston telegraphs the Secretary that his army must suffer, if not
allowed to get commissary stores in the North Carolina depots. The
Secretary replies that of course his army must be fed, but hopes he can
buy enough, etc., leaving the stores already collected for Lee's army,
_which is in great straits_.
MARCH 7TH.--Bright and frosty.
Yesterday we had no certain accounts of the movements of Sheridan. His
force was said to be near Charlottesville--at Keswich. Fitz Lee's
cavalry and Pickett's infantry were sent in that direction. Not a word
has yet appeared in the Richmond papers concerning this movement from
the Valley--the papers being read daily in the enemy's camp below. We
hear of no corresponding movement on the part of Grant; and perhaps
there was none.
Preparations to evacuate the city are still being made with due
diligence. If these indications do not suffice to bring the speculators
into the ranks to defend their own property (they have no honor, of
course), the city and the State are lost; and the property owners will
deserve their fate. The extortioners ought to be hung, besides losing
their property. This would be a very popular act on the part of the
conquerors.
On the 4th inst., the day of inauguration at Washington, the troops
(Federal) near Petersburg got drunk, and proposed an hour's truce to
have a friendly talk. It was refused.
I met my friend Brooks to-day, just from Georgia, in a pucker. He says
the people there are for reunion. Mr. B. rented his house to Secretary
Trenholm for $15,000--furnished. It would now bring $30,000. But he is
now running after teams to save his tobacco--_he_ a speculator!
A letter was received yesterday from ----, Selma accusing the Assistant
Secretary of War, Judge Campbell, his brother-in-law, Judge Goldthwait,
and Judge Parsons, of Alabama, with disloyalty, and says Judge C. is
about to issue passports for delegates to go to the _Chicago_
Convention, soon to assemble, etc. etc. He says Judge C. is the Fouche
of the South. The letter is dated August 23d, 1864, and the President
_now_ sends it to the Secretary "for his information."
Judge Campbell has exercised almost exclusive control of the
conscription and the passport business of the government since his
appointment. The President and Secretary must attach some importance to
the communication of Mr. ----, the first for sending over the letter at
this juncture--the latter, for having just called in Lieut.-Col. Melton,
A. A. G., who is assigned a position in his office, and is now
superintending the business of _passports_. This arrangement also cuts
the earth under the feet of Mr. Kean, Chief of the Bureau of War.
The raid of Sheridan has caused some speculators to send their surplus
flour into the city for sale. Some sold for $700 per barrel to-day, a
decline of $50.
D. H. London says the enemy captured the tobacco at Hamilton's Crossing
(near Fredericksburg) this morning. I doubt it, but would not deplore
it, as it belongs to speculators, sent thither for barter with the
enemy. No doubt many articles will decline in price--the owners fearing
the coming of the enemy.
The packing up of the archives goes on, with directions to be as quiet
as possible, so as "not to alarm the people." A large per cent. of the
population would behold the exodus with pleasure!
MARCH 8TH.--Damp and foggy. We have no military news yet--9 A.M.
President Lincoln's short inaugural message, or homily, or sermon, has
been received. It is filled with texts from the Bible. He says both
sides pray to the same God for aid--one upholding and the other
destroying African slavery. If slavery be an offense,--and woe shall
fall upon those by whom offenses come,--perhaps not only all the slaves
will be lost, but all the accumulated products of their labor be swept
away. In short, he "quotes Scripture for the deed" quite as fluently as
our President; and since both Presidents resort to religious
justification, it may be feared the war is about to assume a more
sanguinary aspect and a more cruel nature than ever before. God help us!
The history of man, even in the Bible, is but a series of bloody wars.
It must be thus to make us appreciate the blessings of peace, and to bow
in humble adoration of the great Father of all. The Garden of Eden could
not yield contentment to man, nor heaven satisfy all the angels.
It is said the enemy have left Fredericksburg--bought all the tobacco, I
suppose.
To-day the _State_ made distribution in this city of cotton cloth, three
yards to each member of a family, at $5.50 for 7-8 and $6.25 for 4-4
width. The State paid about $3 per yard for it, and the profits make a
portion of its revenue, or, perhaps, the revenue of its _officers_ and
_agents_. Nevertheless, there was a large crowd, and one man fainted.
The shops sell at $12 to $15 per yard.
Raining at 12 M. All quiet below.
Another report of the defeat of Sherman is current to-day, and believed
by many.
MARCH 9TH.--Rained all night; clearing away this morning. Warm. Nothing
positive from Sherman, Grant, or Sheridan. The enemy's papers say Gen.
Early and 18,000 men were captured--which is nonsense.
Yesterday the Senate passed the Negro troops bill--Mr. Hunter voting for
it under instructions.
The enemy did capture or destroy the tobacco sent to Fredericksburg by
the speculators to exchange for bacon--and 31 cars were burned. No one
regrets this, so far as the speculators are concerned.
Letters from North Carolina state that the country is swarming with
deserters--perhaps many supposed to be deserters are furloughed soldiers
just exchanged. It is stated that there are 800 in Randolph County,
committing depredations on the _rich_ farmers, etc.; and that the
quartermaster and commissary stores at Greensborough are threatened.
Meal is selling at $2 per pound, or $100 per bushel, to-day. Bacon, $13
per pound.
Two P.M. Cloudy, and prospect of more rain. It is quite warm.
A great many officers are here on leave from Lee's army--all operations
being, probably, interdicted by the mud and swollen streams. Sheridan
failed to cross to the south side of James River, it being certainly his
intention to cross and form a junction with Grant, cutting the Danville
and South Side Roads on his way.
I saw Mr. Benjamin to-day without his usual smile. He is not at ease.
The country demands a change of men in the cabinet, and he is the most
obnoxious of all.
Again, there is a rumor of peace negotiations. All men know that no
peace can be negotiated except for reconstruction--and, I suppose,
emancipation.
MARCH 10TH.--Raining and cold. This is the day appointed by the
government for prayer, fasting, etc.; and the departments, shops, etc.
are closed. The people, notwithstanding the bad weather, pretty
generally proceeded to the churches, which will be open morning, noon,
and night, for it is a solemn occasion, and thousands will supplicate
Almighty God to be pleased to look upon us with compassion, and aid us,
in this hour of extremity, to resist the endeavors of our enemies to
reduce us to bondage.
The morning papers contain a dispatch from Lee, giving an account of a
successful battle in North Carolina. I append it, as the first success
chronicled for a great length of time.
"HEADQUARTERS, ETC., March 9th, 1865.
"HON. J. C. BRECKINRIDGE, SECRETARY OF WAR.
"Gen. Bragg reports that he attacked the enemy, yesterday, four
miles in front of Kinston, and drove him from his position. He
disputed the ground obstinately, and took up a new line three miles
from his first.
"We captured 3 pieces of artillery and 1500 prisoners.
"The number of the enemy's dead and wounded left on the field is
large. Ours comparatively small.
"The troops behaved most handsomely, and Major-Gens. Hill and Hoke
exhibited their usual zeal and energy. R. E. LEE."
MARCH 11TH.--Bright and frosty. From a published correspondence between
Gens. Hampton and Sherman, on the subject of retaliatory executions, it
is mentioned by the former that the City of Columbia, S. C. was burned
by the latter.
Dispatches this morning inform us of some little successes--Hampton over
Kilpatrick in the South, and Rosser over a body of the enemy at
Harrisonburg, in the North.
Some 1500 prisoners, paroled, arrived this morning--making some 10,000
in the last fortnight. I fear there will soon be a great scarcity of
arms, when the negroes are drilled, etc.
Mrs. Hobson, of Goochland County, a relative of my wife, has offered a
home to my eldest daughter Anne. Mr. H. is wealthy, and his mansion is
magnificent. It is lighted with gas, made on the plantation.
I am often called upon to lend a copy of the "Wild Western Scenes." My
copy is lost. I learn that new editions of my works are published in the
United States, where the stereotype plates were deposited. _Here_, as in
old times in the North, the publishers prefer to issue publications upon
which they pay no copyright--and, I believe, most of our publishers are
not Southern men by birth, and hence have no care but for the profits of
the business.
Congress was to adjourn to-day. But it is said the President has
requested them to remain a short time longer, as further legislation
will be required _growing out of a treaty with France, about to be
consummated_. It is said an alliance has been agreed upon, offensive and
defensive, etc. etc. If this should be true! It is but rumor yet--but
was first mentioned, gravely, by Judge Campbell, Assistant Secretary of
War.
MARCH 12TH.--Bright and frosty. About one o'clock last night, there was
an alarm, supposed to be the approach of the enemy from the
West--Sheridan's cavalry--and the tocsin sounded until daylight. It was
a calm moonlight night, without a cloud in the sky. Couriers reported
that the enemy were at the outer fortifications, and had burned Ben
Green's house. Corse's brigade and one or two batteries passed through
the city in the direction of the menaced point; and all the local
organizations were ordered to march early in the morning. Mr. Secretary
Mallory and Postmaster-General Reagan were in the saddle; and rumor says
the President and the remainder of the cabinet had their horses saddled
in readiness for flight. About a year ago we had Dahlgren's raid, and it
was then announced that the purpose was to burn the city and put to
death the President, the cabinet, and other prominent leaders of the
"rebellion." Perhaps our leaders had some apprehension of the fate
prepared for them on that occasion, and may have concerted a plan of
escape.
As well as I can learn from couriers, it appears that only some 1200 or
1500 of the enemy's cavalry advanced toward the city, and are now (10
A.M.) retiring--or driven back by our cavalry. But it is a little
extraordinary that Gen. Lee, with almost unlimited power, has not been
able to prevent 1200 Federals riding from Winchester to Richmond, over
almost impracticable roads, without even a respectable skirmish wherein
1000 men were opposed to them. It is true Early was routed--but that was
more than a week ago, and we have no particulars yet. The enemy's papers
will contain them, however.
MARCH 13TH.--Bright and pleasant.
The reports of the army of Sheridan (mostly mounted infantry) being
within a few miles of the city were at least premature. Subsequent
reports indicate that none of the enemy's cavalry have been in the
vicinity of Richmond, but that his force, a pretty strong one, is some
20 miles up the river, with pontoon trains, etc., manifesting a purpose
to cross the James and cut the Danville Road. In this they will be
disappointed probably.
The President vetoed several bills last week, among them the one
legislating out of office most of the able-bodied post-quarter-masters
and commissaries. There is much anxiety to learn the nature of the
communication he intends laying before Congress in a few days, and for
the reception of which the session has been prolonged. The prevalent
supposition is that it relates to foreign complications. Some think the
President means to tender his resignation, but this is absurd, for he
would be the last man to yield. To-day it is understood the Secretary of
War is to be absent from his office, closeted with the President.
Gen. Johnston is concentrating on the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad,
and perhaps a battle will occur near Goldsborough. Its issue will decide
the fate of Raleigh, perhaps of Richmond.
The President had the Secretary of War and Mr. Benjamin closeted nearly
the entire day yesterday, Sunday. Some important event is in embryo. If
Lee's army can be fed--as long as it can be fed--Richmond is safe. Its
abandonment will be the loss of Virginia, and perhaps the cause. To save
it, therefore, is the problem for those in authority to solve. If we had
had competent and honest men always directing the affairs of the
Confederacy, Richmond never would have been in danger, and long ere this
independence would have been achieved. But passports have been sold,
political enemies have been persecuted, conscription has been converted
into an engine of vengeance, of cupidity, and has been often made to
subserve the ends of the invader, until at last we find ourselves in a
deplorable and desperate condition.
Gen. Wise, who has been here a few days on sick furlough, has returned
to his command, still coughing distressfully, and distressed at the
prospect.
Miers W. Fisher, member of the Virginia Secession Convention, neglected
by the government, and racked with disease, is about to return to the
Eastern Shore of Virginia. He may submit and die. He might have done
good service, but the politicians who controlled the Confederate States
Government ignored him because he had once been a supporter of Gov. Wise
for the Presidency.
There is a report that Sheridan's force has crossed the James River. If
this be so, the Danville Road is in danger, and the President and his
cabinet and Congress are all in a predicament. No wonder there is some
commotion! But the report may not be true. It is also said Grant is
crossing his army to the north side of the river. This may be a feint,
but stirring events are casting their shadows before!
MARCH 14TH.--Bright and pleasant, but indications of change.
The papers contain no news from the armies, near or remote. But there
was some alarm in the upper portion of the city about 9 P.M. last night,
from a signal seen (appended to a balloon) just over the western
horizon. It was stationary for ten minutes, a blood-red light, seen
through a hazy atmosphere. I thought it was Mars, but my eldest
daughter, a better astronomer than I, said it was neither the time nor
place for it to be visible. The air was still, and the dismal barking of
the ban-dogs conjured up the most direful portents. All my neighbors
supposed it to be a signal from Sheridan to Grant, and that the city
would certainly be attacked before morning. It was only a camp signal of
one of our own detachments awaiting the approach of Sheridan.
Sheridan's passage of the James River has not been confirmed, and so the
belief revives that he will assault the city fortifications on the
northwest side, while Grant attacks elsewhere.
Yesterday the President vetoed several bills, and sent back others
unsigned, suggesting alterations. Among them is the Conscript and
Exemption bills, which he has detained _ten days_, as Senators say, on a
point of constructive etiquette, insisting that the President and
Secretary ought to make certain details and exemptions instead of
Congress, etc. It is precious time lost, but perhaps in view of the
great calamities immediately threatening the country, Congress may
yield. But ten days might be enough time lost to lose the cause.
The communication referred to by the President, in detaining Congress,
has not yet been sent in, unless it be one of his qualified vetoes, and
conjecture is still busy, some persons going so far as to hint that it
relates to a _capitulation_, yielding up Richmond on certain terms. I
have not heard of any demands of Grant of that nature.
A dispatch from Gen. R. E. Lee, received this morning, says Fitz Lee's
cavalry was at Powhatan C. H. last night (so it was not Fitz's signal),
and had been ordered to cross to the north side of the James, which may
not be practicable above Richmond. We shall probably see them pass
through the city to-day. He says the roads are bad, etc. Sheridan, then,
has not crossed the river.
Gen. Lee sends to the department this morning a copy of a fierce letter
from Lord John Russell, British Secretary of State, to our commissioners
abroad, demanding a discontinuance of expeditions fitted out in Canada,
and the building and equipping of cruisers in British ports. It says
such practices must cease, for they are not only in violation of British
law, but calculated to foment war between Great Britain and the United
States, which Lord John is very much averse to. The communication is
sent to _Washington, D. C._, and thence forwarded by Mr. Seward to
Lieut.-Gen. Grant, who sends it by flag of truce to Gen. Lee. Great
Britain gives us a kick while the Federal generals are pounding us.
The enemy have Fayetteville, N. C. Hardee and Hampton crossed the Cape
Fear on the 11th inst. Sherman's army was then within 7 miles of
Fayetteville. Bragg, after his fight near Kinston, had to fall back, his
rear and right wing being threatened by heavy forces of the enemy coming
up from Wilmington.
Some of Sheridan's force did cross the James, but retired to the north
side. So telegraphs Gen. Lee.
MARCH 15TH.--Warm and cloudy. My cabbages coming up in the garden.
The papers contain no war news whatever, yet there is great activity in
the army.
Sheridan's column is said to be at Ashland, and Grant is reported to be
sending swarms of troops to the north side of the river, below, "in
countless thousands."
The President's message, for the completion of which Congress was
desired to remain, has been sent in. I will preserve this splendidly
exordiumed and most extraordinary document. It is a great legal triumph,
achieved by the President over his enemies in Congress, and if we are
permitted to have more elections, many obnoxious members will be
defeated, for the sins of omission and commission. The President strikes
them "between wind and water," at a time, too, when no defense would be
listened to, for he says the capital was never in such danger before,
and shows that without prodigious effort, and perfect co-operation of
all branches of the government, the cause is lost, and we shall have
negro garrisons to keep us in subjection, commanded by Northern
officers. He will have the satisfaction, at least, of having to say a
portion of the responsibility rested with his political opponents. Mr.
Benjamin, who is supposed to have written a portion of the message, was
very jubilant yesterday, and it is said the President himself was almost
jocund as he walked through the Capitol Square, returning home from his
office.
It is now rumored that a French agent is in the city, and that the
President, besides his message, sent to Congress a secret communication.
I doubt--but it may be so.
Gen. Hood is here, on crutches, attracting no attention, for he was not
successful.
Judge Campbell, Assistant Secretary of War, said to Mr. Wattles, a
clerk, to-day, that we were now arrived at the last days of the
Confederacy. Mr. Wattles told me that the judge had been convinced, as
far back as 1863, that the cause was nearly hopeless.
Some 1200 of Fitz Lee's cavalry passed through the city at 2 P.M. Gen.
Longstreet has been ordered by Gen. Lee to attack Sheridan. He
telegraphs back from north of the city that he "cannot find them," and
this body of cavalry is ordered to reconnoiter their position. I know
not how many more men Fitz Lee has in his division, but fear at least
_half_ have passed.
MARCH 16TH.--Clouds and sunshine; warm. Splendid rainbow last evening.
We have nothing new in the papers from any quarter. Sheridan's position
is not known yet, though it must be within a short distance of the city.
There was no battle yesterday. Sheridan reports the killing of Commodore
Hollins, and says it was done because he attempted to escape at
Gordonsville.
Sherman's march through South Carolina is reported to have been cruel
and devastating. Fire and the sword did their worst.
Congress, the House of Representatives rather, yesterday passed a bill
suspending the privilege of the writ of _habeas corpus_. The Senate will
concur probably. Also the President's suggestion amending the Conscript
act has been passed. The President has the reins now, and Congress will
be more obedient; but can they save this city? Advertisements for
recruiting negro troops are in the papers this morning.
It is rumored that Sheridan has crossed the Chickahominy and got off
without hinderance. If this be so, Gen. Lee will be criticised.
One P.M. It is ascertained that Sheridan has withdrawn to the York
River, and abandoned any attempt on Richmond.
And it is supposed by high military authority that but for the
providential freshet, Sheridan would have succeeded in crossing the
James River, and cutting the Danville Railroad, which would have
deprived Lee's army of supplies. The freshet rendered his pontoon bridge
too short, etc. This may be claimed as a direct interposition of
Providence, at a time when we were fasting, praying, etc., in accordance
with the recommendation of the government.
MARCH 17TH.--Bright and cool. A violent southeast gale prevailed last
evening, with rain. Of course we have no news in the papers from any
quarter. Sheridan having retired, all the local troops returned
yesterday.
After all, the President does not reap a perfect triumph over Congress.
The bill suspending the writ of _habeas corpus_ passed the House by only
four majority; and in the Senate it was defeated by nine against six for
it! So the President cannot enjoy Cromwell's power without the exercise
of Cromwell's violence.
We shall have a negro army. Letters are pouring into the department from
men of military skill and character, asking authority to raise
companies, battalions, and regiments of negro troops. It is the
desperate remedy for the very desperate case--and may be successful. If
300,000 efficient soldiers can be made of this material, there is no
conjecturing where the next campaign may end. Possibly "over the
border," for a little success will elate our spirits extravagantly; and
the blackened ruins of our towns, and the moans of women and children
bereft of shelter, will appeal strongly to the army for vengeance.
There is a vague rumor of another battle by Bragg, in which he did not
gain the victory. This is not authentic; and would be very bad, if true,
for then Sherman's army would soon loom up in our vicinity like a
portentous cloud.
The Commissary-General, in a communication to the Secretary urging the
necessity of keeping the trade for supplies for Lee's army, now going on
in Eastern North Carolina, a profound secret, mentions the "miscarriage
of the Fredericksburg affair," which proves that the government _did_
send cotton and tobacco thither for barter with the enemy.
One reason alleged for the refusal of Congress to suspend the writ of
_habeas corpus_, is the continuance of Mr. Benjamin in the cabinet.
MARCH 18TH.--Bright and windy. The following telegram was received this
morning from Gen. R. E. Lee: "Gen. Johnston reports that on the 16th
Gen. Hardee was repeatedly attacked by four divisions of the enemy a few
miles south of Averysborough, but always (cipher). The enemy was
reported at night to have crossed Black River, to the east of Varina
Point, with the rest of the army. Gen. Hardee is moving to a point
twelve miles from Smithfield. Scofield's troops reported at Kinston,
repairing railroad. Cheatham's corps not yet up. North Carolina
Railroad, with its enormous amount of rolling stock, only conveys about
500 men a day."
There has always been corruption--if not treason--among those having
charge of transportation.
Yesterday the President vetoed another bill--to pay certain arrears to
the army and navy; but the House resented this by passing it over his
head by more than a two-thirds vote. The Senate will probably do the
same. We have a spectacle of war among the politicians as well as in the
field!
Gen. Whiting, captured at Wilmington, died of his wounds. The government
would never listen to his plans for saving Wilmington, and rebuked him
for his pertinacity.
It is now said Sheridan has crossed the Pamunky, and is returning toward
the Rappahannock, instead of forming a junction with Grant. Senator
Hunter's place in Essex will probably be visited, and all that region of
country ravaged.
It is rumored that RALEIGH has fallen!
By consulting the map, I perceive that after the battle of Thursday (day
before yesterday), Hardee fell back and Sherman advanced, and was within
less than thirty miles of Raleigh.
The President, it is understood, favors a great and _decisive_ battle.
Judge Campbell said to-day that Mr. Wigfall had sent him Mr.
Dejarnette's speech (advocating the Monroe doctrine and alliance with
the United States), with a message that he (Mr. W.) intended to read it
between his sentence and execution, thinking it would tend to reconcile
him to death. The judge said, for his own part, he would postpone
reading it until after execution.
MARCH 19TH.--As beautiful a spring morning as ever dawned since the sun
spread its glorious light over the Garden of Eden.
Cannon is heard at intervals down the river; and as we have had a few
days of wind and sunshine, the surface of the earth is becoming
practicable for military operations.
I heard no news at the department; but the belief prevails that Raleigh
has fallen, or must speedily fall, and that Richmond is in danger--a
danger increasing daily.
Thousands of non-combatants and families, falling weekly within the
power of Sherman's army, have succumbed to circumstances and perforce
submitted. I suppose most of those remaining in Savannah, Charleston,
Wilmington, etc. have taken the oath of allegiance to the United States;
and I hear of no censures upon them for doing so. Whether they will be
permitted long to enjoy their property--not their slaves, of
course--will depend upon the policy adopted at Washington. If it be
confiscated, the war will certainly continue for years, even under the
direction of President Davis, who is now quite unpopular. If a contrary
course be pursued, the struggle may be more speedily terminated--perhaps
after the next great battle.
And Mrs. Davis has become unpopular with the ladies belonging to the old
families. Her father, Mr. Howell, it is said was of low origin, and this
is quite enough to disgust others of "high birth," but yet occupying
less exalted positions.
Ladies are now offering their jewels and plate at the Treasury for the
subsistence of the army. It is not a general thing, however.
Yesterday bacon was selling at $20 per pound, and meal at $140 per
bushel. If Sherman cuts the communication with North Carolina, no one
doubts that this city must be abandoned by Lee's army--and yet it may
not be so if diligent search be made for food. The soldiers and the
people may suffer, but still subsist until harvest; and meantime the God
of battles may change the face of affairs, or France may come to our
relief.
Four P.M. It is reported that the enemy have taken Weldon. They seem to
be closing in on every hand. Lee must soon determine to march
away--whether northward or to the southwest, a few weeks, perhaps days,
will decide. The unworthy men who have been detained in high civil
positions begin now to reap their reward! And the President must
reproach himself for his inflexible adherence to a _narrow idea_. He
_might_ have been successful.
MARCH 20TH.--Sunny and pleasant, but hazy in the south.
Cannon heard, quite briskly, south of the city. The papers report that
Gen. Hardee repulsed Sherman on the 16th. But the official dispatch of
Gen. Johnston says Hardee retired, and Sherman advanced after the
fighting was over.
Congress adjourned _sine die_ on Saturday, without passing the measures
recommended by the President. On the contrary, a committee of the Senate
has reported and published an acrimonious reply to certain allegations
in the message, and severely resenting the "admonitions" of the
Executive.
When the joint committee waited on the President to inform him that if
he had no further communication to make them they would adjourn, he took
occasion to fire another broadside, saying that the measures he had just
recommended he sincerely deemed essential for the success of the armies,
etc., and, since Congress differed with him in opinion, and did not
adopt them, he could only hope that the result would prove he was
mistaken and that Congress was right. But if the contrary should appear,
_he_ could not be held responsible, etc. This is the mere _squibbing_ of
politicians, while the enemy's artillery is thundering at the gates!
The Secretary of War visited Gen. Lee's headquarters on Saturday
afternoon, and has not yet returned. Breath is suspended in expectation
of some event; and the bickering between the President and the Congress
has had a bad effect--demoralizing the community.
Governor Vance writes (17th instant) to the Secretary of War, that he
learns an important secret communication had been sent to Congress,
concerning probably his State, and asks a copy of it, etc. The Secretary
sends this to the President, intimating that the communication referred
to was one inclosing a view of our military "situation" by Gen. Lee, in
which he concurred. The President returns Gov. V.'s letter, stating that
he does not know his purpose, or exactly what he refers to; but [red
tape!] until Congress removes the injunction of secrecy, no one can have
copies, etc. Yet he suggests that Gov. V. be written to.
Flour is held at $1500 per barrel.
Senator Hunter publishes a card to-day, denying that he is in favor of
reconstruction, which has been rumored, he says, to his injury, and
might injure the country if not denied.
A correspondence between Generals Lee and Grant is published, showing
that Gen. Longstreet has misunderstood Gen. Ord (Federal) in a late
conversation, to the effect that Gen. Grant would be willing to meet
Gen. Lee to consult on the means of putting an end to the war. The
President gave Lee full powers; but Gen. Grant writes Gen. Lee that Gen.
Ord must have been misunderstood, and that he (Grant) had no right to
settle such matters, etc. Sad delusion!
Assistant Secretary Campbell has given one of his clerks (Cohen, a Jew)
a passport to return home--New Orleans--_via_ the United States.
The government is still sending away the archives.
MARCH 21ST.--Clear and warm. Apricots in blossom. At last we have
reliable information that Johnston has checked one of Sherman's columns,
at Bentonville, capturing three guns. This success is a great
relief--more as an indication of what is to follow, than for what is
accomplished. So Bragg and Johnston have both shown successful fight
lately. Beauregard next. Sherman has three full generals in his front,
with accumulating forces. A few days more will decide his fate--for
immortality or destruction.
There are many red flags displayed this morning in Clay Street, for
sales of furniture and renting of houses to the highest bidders. They
have postponed it until the last moment to realize the highest possible
prices--and they will get them, in consequence of Johnston's success,
which revives the conviction that Richmond will not be evacuated. But
they have overreached themselves in demanding extortionate prices--such
prices depreciating the currency--$1500 being equivalent to one barrel
of flour! If it be determined to abandon the city, what will houses rent
for then?
Lord Russell's letter, forwarded from Washington some days ago, after
much consultation here, was sent back to Gen. Lee by the Secretary of
State, declining to receive a communication from a neutral power through
a hostile one, and expressing doubts of its _authenticity_. Gen. Lee
returns the papers to-day, suggesting that the expression of doubts of
the _authenticity_ be omitted--but will, at all events, when returned to
him again, have it delivered to Gen. Grant. Mr. Benjamin thinks there is
some occult diplomatic danger in the papers--at least he is idle, and
wants some diplomatic work on his hands, in the regular way. How to
avoid doing anything whatever, diplomatically, with this matter before
him, is the very quintessence of diplomacy! He can look at it, read it,
handle it, and return it to Lord John, and then diplomatically prove
that this government never had any knowledge of its existence!
The following official dispatch, from Gen. Lee, was received yesterday:
"HEADQUARTERS ARMIES CONFEDERATE STATES,
"March 20th, 1865.
"HON. JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE, SECRETARY OF WAR.
"Gen. J. E. Johnston reports that about 5 P.M. on the 19th inst. he
attacked the enemy near Bentonsville, routed him, capturing three
guns. A mile in rear, the enemy rallied upon fresh troops, but was
forced back slowly until 6 o'clock P.M., when, receiving more
troops, he apparently assumed the offensive, which movement was
resisted without difficulty until dark. This morning he is
intrenched.
"Our loss is small. The troops behaved admirably well.
"Dense thickets prevented rapid operations. R. E. LEE."
MARCH 22D.--Rained last night; clear and cool this morning. The report
of another battle, since Sunday, in North Carolina, is not confirmed.
The "Bureau of Conscription" still lives, notwithstanding the action of
Congress! The President himself, who favored its abolition, yet being
displeased with some of the details of the act, seems to have finally
withheld his approval; and so Col. G. W. Lay, son-in-law of Judge
Campbell, is again acting Superintendent. The great weight (wealth) of
Gen. Preston perhaps saved it--and may have lost the cause. However, it
is again said Judge Campbell will soon retire from office. He considers
the cause already lost--the work quite accomplished.
To-day some of our negro troops will parade in the Capitol Square.
The Texas cavalry in Virginia--originally 5000--now number 180!
Congress adjourned without adopting any plan to reduce the currency,
deeming it hopeless, since the discovery of a deficiency, in Mr.
Memminger's accounts, of $400,000,000! So the depreciation will go on,
since the collection of taxes is rendered quite impracticable by the
operations of the enemy. Yet buying and selling, for what they call
"dollars," are still extensively indulged; and although the insecurity
of slave property is so manifest, yet a negro man will bring $10,000 at
auction. This, however, is only equivalent to about $100. Land, when the
price is reduced to the gold standard, is similarly diminished in price.
MARCH 23D.--Clear, with high wind. Nothing further from North Carolina.
A dispatch from Gen. Lee states that he has directed Gen. Cobb to
organize an expedition into _Tennessee_, to cut the enemy's
communications. Gen. Wafford, of Kentucky, is in Georgia, with 2000
mounted men, etc.
Beef in market this morning sold at $12 to $15 per pound; bacon at $20,
and butter at $20.
The parade of a few companies of negro troops yesterday was rather a
ridiculous affair. The owners are opposed to it.
Gen. Rains sends in an indorsement, alleging that owing to the deception
of Quartermaster Rhett (not furnishing transportation), he failed to
arrest the approach of the enemy on a narrow causeway; and Columbia,
S. C., and his shells, etc. fell into the hands of the enemy.
A dispatch from Lee states that Gen. Thomas is at Knoxville, and that
the enemy has commenced his advance from _that_ direction--is repairing
railroads, etc. The same dispatch says Gen. J. E. Johnston is removing
his wounded to Smithsville from Bentonville; that the intrenchments of
the enemy and greatly superior numbers of Sherman render further
offensive operations impracticable.
Grant's grand combination is now developed. Sherman from the Southwest,
70,000; Grant himself from the South, 70,000; Thomas, from the West,
40,000; and Sheridan, with 15,000 cavalry from the North--some 200,000
men converging toward this point. To defend it we shall have 120,000
men, without provisions, and, without some speedy successes, no
communications with the regions of supply or transportation! Now is
coming the time for the exercise of great generalship!
Gen. Early has been sent to the West--Tennessee.
MARCH 24TH.--Clear and very windy. The fear of utter famine is now
assuming form. Those who have the means are laying up stores for the day
of siege,--I mean a closer and more rigorous siege,--when all
communications with the country shall cease; and this makes the
commodities scarcer and the prices higher. There is a project on foot to
send away some thousands of useless consumers; but how it is to be
effected by the city authorities, and where they will be sent to, are
questions I have not heard answered. The population of the city is not
less than 100,000, and the markets cannot subsist 70,000. Then there is
the army in the vicinity, which _must_ be fed. I suppose the poultry and
the sheep will be eaten, and something like a pro rata distribution of
flour and meal ordered.
There is a rumor of a great victory by Gen. Johnston in North Carolina,
the taking of 4500 prisoners, 70 guns, etc.--merely a rumor, I am sure.
On the contrary, I apprehend that we shall soon have news of the capture
of Raleigh by Sherman. Should this be our fate, we shall soon have three
or four different armies encompassing us!
I tried in vain this morning to buy a small fish-hook; but could not
find one in the city. None but coarse large ones are in the stores. A
friend has promised me one--and I can make _pin-hooks_, that will catch
minnows. I am too skillful an angler to starve where water runs; and
even minnows can be eaten. Besides, there are eels and catfish in the
river. The water is always muddy.
MARCH 25TH.--Clear and cool.
It is reported that Grant is reinforcing Sherman, and that the latter
has fallen back upon Goldsborough. This is not yet confirmed by any
official statement. A single retrograde movement by Sherman, or even a
delay in advancing, would snatch some of his laurels away, and enable
Lee to obtain supplies. Yet it may be so. He may have been careering the
last month on the unexpended momentum of his recent successes, and
really operating on a scale something more than commensurate with the
forces of his command. Should this be the case, the moral effect on our
people and the army will be prodigious, and a series of triumphs on our
side may be the consequence.
The Northern papers chronicle the rise in flour here--to $1500 per
barrel--a few days ago, and this affords proof of the fact that every
occurrence of military importance in Richmond is immediately made known
in Washington. How can success be possible? But our authorities are
confirmed in their madness.
There were some movements yesterday. Pickett's division was ordered from
this side of the river to the Petersburg depot, to be transported in
haste to that town; but it was countermanded, and the troops now (9
A.M.) are marching back, down Main Street. I have not learned what
occasioned all this.
The marching and countermarching of troops on this side of the river
very much alarmed some of the people, who believed Lee was about to
evacuate the city.
Eleven A.M. Gen. Lee attacked the enemy's fort (Battery No. 5) near
Petersburg this morning, the one which has so long been shelling the
town, and captured it, with 600 prisoners, and several guns. This may
interfere with Gen. Grant's projects on his left wing, against the
railroad.
It is rumored that Gen. Grant is moving heavy bodies of troops toward
Weldon, to reinforce Sherman.
MARCH 26TH.--Frost last night. Cloudy, cold, and windy to-day.
Suffered much yesterday and last night with disordered bowels--from
cold. This, however, may relieve me of the distressing cough I have had
for months.
After all, I fear Lee's attempt on the enemy's lines yesterday was a
failure. We were compelled to relinquish the fort or battery we had
taken, with all the guns we had captured. Our men were exposed to an
enfilading fire, not being supported by the divisions intended to
co-operate in the movement. The 600 prisoners were completely
surprised--their pickets supposing our troops to be merely _deserters_.
This indicates an awful state of things, the enemy being convinced that
we are beaten, demoralized, etc.
There was a communication for the Secretary this morning, from
"headquarters;" but being marked "confidential," I did not open it, but
sent it to Gen. Breckinridge.
Pickett's division has been marching for Petersburg all the morning.
MARCH 27TH.--Bright, calm, but cold,--my disorder keeping me at home.
The dispatch of Gen. Lee, I fear, indicates that our late attempt to
break the enemy's lines was at least prematurely undertaken.
The _Dispatch_ newspaper has an article entreating the people not to
submit "_too hastily_," as in that event we shall have no benefit of the
war between France and the United States--a certain event, the editor
thinks.
"HEADQUARTERS ARMY CONFEDERATE STATES,
"March 25th, 1865--11.20 P.M.
"HON. J. C. BRECKINRIDGE, SECRETARY OF WAR.
"At daylight this morning, Gen. Gordon assaulted and carried the
enemy's works at Hare's Hill, capturing 9 pieces of artillery, 8
mortars, and between 500 and 600 prisoners, among them one
brigadier-general and a number of officers of lower grade.
"The lines were swept for a distance of four or five hundred yards
to the right and left, and two efforts made to recover the captured
works were handsomely repulsed. But it was found that the inclosed
works in rear, commanding the enemy's main line, could only be
taken at a great sacrifice, and our troops were withdrawn to their
original position.
"It being impracticable to bring off the captured guns, owing to
the nature of the ground, they were disabled and left.
"Our loss, as reported, is not heavy. Among the wounded are Brig.
Gen. Terry, flesh wound, and Brig.-Gen. Phil. Cooke, in the arm.
"All the troops engaged, including two brigades under Brig.-Gen.
Ransom, behaved most handsomely. The conduct of the sharpshooters
of Gordon's corps, who led the assault, deserves the highest
commendation.
"This afternoon there was skirmishing on the right, between the
picket lines, with varied success. At dark the enemy held a
considerable portion of the line farthest in advance of our main
work.
"[Signed] R. E. LEE."
MARCH 28TH.--Cloudy and sunshine; but little wind. Too ill to go to the
department, and I get nothing new except what I read in the papers. Some
of the editorials are very equivocal, and have a squint toward
reconstruction.
The President, and one of his Aids, Col. Lubbock, ex-Governor of Texas,
rode by my house, going toward Camp Lee. If driven from this side the
Mississippi, no doubt the President would retire into Texas.
And Lee must gain a victory soon, or his communications will be likely
to be interrupted. Richmond and Virginia are probably in extreme peril
at this moment.
MARCH 29TH.--Slightly overcast, but calm and pleasant.
I am better, after the worst attack for twenty years. The only medicine
I took was blue mass--ten grains. My wife had a little tea and
loaf-sugar, and a solitary smoked herring--and this I relish; and have
nothing else. A chicken, I believe, would cost $50. I must be careful
now, and recuperate. Fine weather, and an indulgence of my old passion
for angling, would soon build me up again.
The papers give forth an uncertain sound of what is going on in the
field, or of what is likely to occur. Unless food and men can be had,
Virginia must be lost. The negro experiment will soon be tested. Custis
says letters are pouring in at the department from all quarters, asking
authority to raise and command negro troops: 100,000 recruits from this
source might do wonders.
I think Lee's demonstrations on Grant's front have mainly in view the
transportation of subsistence from North Carolina.
Mrs. President Davis has left the city, with her children, for the
South. I believe it is her purpose to go no farther at present than
Charlotte, N. C.--rear of Sherman. Some of their furniture has been sent
to auction. Furniture will soon be _low_ again.
It is now believed that the government will be removed with all
expedition to Columbus, Ga. But it is said Richmond will still be held
by our army. _Said!_ Alas! would it not be too expensive--"too much for
the whistle?"
Shad are selling at $50 per pair. If Richmond should be left to strictly
military rule, I hope it will rule the prices.
It is reported that Gen. Johnston has fallen back on Weldon; some
suppose to attack _Grant's_ rear, but no doubt it is because he is
pressed by Sherman with superior numbers.
A dispatch from Gen. Lee, to-day, states the important fact that Grant's
left wing (cavalry and infantry) passed Hatcher's Run this morning,
marching to Dinwiddie C. H. The purpose is to cut the South Side and
Danville Roads; and it may be accomplished, for we have "here no
adequate force of cavalry to oppose Sheridan; and it may be possible, if
Sheridan turns his head this way, that shell may be thrown into the
city. At all events, he may destroy some bridges--costing him dear." But
pontoon bridges were sent up the Danville Road yesterday and to-day, in
anticipation, beyond the bridges to be destroyed.
MARCH 30TH.--Raining rapidly, and warm.
Again the sudden change of weather may be an interposition of Providence
to defeat the effort of the enemy to destroy Gen. Lee's communications
with his Southern depots of supplies. I hope so, for faith in man is
growing weaker.
Our loss in the affair of the 25th instant was heavy, and is now
admitted to be a disaster; and Lee himself was there! It amounted,
probably, to 3000 men. Grant says over 2000 prisoners were registered by
his Provost Marshal. It is believed the President advised the desperate
undertaking; be that as it may, many such blows cannot follow in quick
succession without producing the most deplorable results. The government
would soon make its escape--_if it could_. Mrs. Davis, however, soonest
informed of our condition, got away in time.
Dispatches from Generalissimo Lee inform the Secretary that large
expeditions are on foot in Alabama, Mississippi, etc., and that Thomas's
army is rapidly advancing upon Virginia from East Tennessee, while no
general has yet been designated to command our troops.
The papers say nothing of the flank movement commenced yesterday by
Grant. This reticence cannot be for the purpose of keeping _the enemy_
in ignorance of it!
I am convalescent, but too weak to walk to the department to-day. The
deathly "sick man," as the Emperor of Russia used to designate the
Sultan of Turkey, is our President. His mind has never yet comprehended
the magnitude of the crisis.
Custis says letters still flow in asking authority to raise negro
troops.
In the North the evacuation of Richmond is looked for between the 1st
and 25th of April. They may be fooled. But if we lose the Danville Road,
it will only be a question of time. Yet there will remain too great a
breadth of territory for subjugation--if the _people_ choose to hold
out, and soldiers can be made of negroes.
It is reported (believed) that several determined assaults were made on
our lines yesterday evening and last night at Petersburg, and repulsed
with slaughter; and that the attack has been renewed to-day. Very heavy
firing has been heard in that direction. Gen. Lee announces no result
yet.
We have 2,000,000 bread rations in the depots in North Carolina.
MARCH 31ST.--Raining; rained all night. My health improving, but
prudence requires me to still keep within the house.
The reports of terrific fighting near Petersburg on Wednesday evening
have not been confirmed. Although Gen. Lee's dispatch shows they were
not quite without foundation, I have no doubt there was a false alarm on
both sides, and a large amount of ammunition vainly expended.
"HEADQUARTERS, March 30th, 1865.
"GEN. J. C. BRECKINRIDGE, SECRETARY OF WAR.
"Gen. Gordon reports that the enemy, at 11 A.M. yesterday, advanced
against a part of his lines, defended by Brig.-Gen. Lewis, but was
repulsed.
"The fire of artillery and mortars continued for several hours with
considerable activity.
"No damage on our lines reported. R. E. LEE."
We are sinking our gun-boats at Chaffin's Bluff, to obstruct the passage
of the enemy's fleet, expected soon to advance.
Congress passed two acts, and proper ones, to which the Executive has
yet paid no attention whatever, viz.: the abolition of the Bureau of
Conscription, and of all Provost Marshals, their guards, etc. not
attached to armies in the field. If the new Secretary has consented to
be burdened with the responsibility of this contumacy and violation of
the Constitution, it will break his back, and ruin our already desperate
cause.
Four P.M.--Since writing the above, I learn that an order has been
published abolishing the "Bureau of Conscription."
Gov. Vance has written to know why the government wants the track of the
North Carolina Railroad altered to the width of those in Virginia, and
has been answered: 1st, to facilitate the transportation of supplies to
Gen. Lee's army from North Carolina; and 2d, in the event of disaster,
to enable the government to run all the locomotives, cars, etc. of the
Virginia roads into North Carolina.