Desertions.--Bragg and Kilpatrick.--Rents.--Gen. Winder's management of
prisoners.--Rumored disasters in Tennessee.--Prices.--Progress of
Sherman.--Around Richmond.--Capture of Fort McAlister.--Rumored death
of the President.--Yankee line of spies.--From Wilmington and
Charleston.--Evacuation of Savannah.
DECEMBER 1ST.--Bright and warm.
It is said there is a movement of the enemy menacing our works on the
north side of the river. There was shelling down the river yesterday and
day before, officially announced by Gen. Lee--two of the enemy's
monitors retired.
Gen. Longstreet says "over 100 of Gen. Pickett's men are in the
guard-house for desertion, and that the cause of it may be attributed to
the numerous reprieves, no one being executed for two months." Gen. Lee
indorses on the paper: "Desertion is increasing in the army,
notwithstanding all my efforts to stop it. I think a rigid execution of
the law is mercy in the end. The great want in our army is firm
discipline." The Secretary of War sent it to the President "for his
information." The President sent it back with the following biting
indorsement: "When deserters are arrested they should be tried, and if
the sentences are reviewed and remitted, that is not a proper subject
for the criticism of a military commander.--JEFF. DAVIS. November 29th,
1864."
Another dispatch from Gen. Bragg:
"AUGUSTA, November 30th, 1864.--Following just received from Major-Gen.
Wheeler: _'Four Miles West Buckhead Church_, November 29th, 9 P.M.--We
fought Gen. Kilpatrick all night and all day, charging him at every
opportunity. Enemy fought stubbornly, and left a considerable number of
their killed. He stampeded, and came near capturing Kilpatrick twice;
but having a fleet horse, he escaped, bareheaded, leaving his hat in our
hands. Our own loss about 70, including the gallant Gen. Robertson,
severely wounded. Our troops all acted handsomely.'
"Gen. Robertson has arrived here. His left arm is badly broken at the
elbow, but he is doing well.--B. B."
Another dispatch of the same date: "To establish our communications
west, I have ordered the immediate repair of the Georgia Railroad to
Atlanta. With the exception of bridges, the damage is reported as
slight. We should also have a line of telegraph on that route.--B. B."
I succeeded to-day in buying of Government Quartermaster (Major
Ferguson) four yards of dark-gray cloth, at $12 per yard, for a full
suit. The merchants ask $125 per yard--a saving of $450. I hope to have
it cut and made by one of the government tailors, for about $50,
trimmings included. A citizen tailor asks $350!
The Senate passed a bill, yesterday, increasing my salary and Custis's
$500, which we don't thank them for unless we can buy rations, etc. at
schedule prices. The money is worthless when we go into the open market.
My landlord, Mr. King, has gone into the grocery business; and, although
he did not raise the rent for the present year, still asked more upon my
offer to pay the amount of the first quarter to-day--$500, six months
ago, were really worth more than $1000 to-day. At that time I
acknowledged the house would bring more than $500. To-day it would rent
for more than $1000. He left it to me to do what was right. I think it
right to pay $800 or $1000, and will do so.
This evening our servant stepped into the yard just in time to save some
clothes drying on the line. A thief was in the act of stealing them, and
made his escape, springing over the fence into the alley.
DECEMBER 2D.--Warm, and raining moderately.
My landlord gets $400 of the $500 increase of my salary.
Dispatches from Gen. Bragg:
"AUGUSTA, December 1st, 1864.--Following received from Lieut.-Gen. R.
Taylor, Savannah, Ga.: 'Gen. Hardee is at Grahamville. No fighting there
since yesterday evening, when the enemy was driven five miles, leaving
their dead upon the field.--B. B.'"
Another:
"AUGUSTA, December 1st, 1864, 12M.--The (enemy's) cavalry having been
driven in, the enemy's main force was yesterday found near Louisville,
with strong outposts in this direction. They have secured large supplies
in the country; but our cavalry is now all up, and it is hoped they will
be prevented to a great extent in the future. The report from Savannah,
of the enemy's entrance into Millen, on the 27th, was premature.
Telegraphic communication was reopened to Savannah by that route
yesterday. The enemy is just now reported as at Station 9, on Central
Railroad, advancing.--B. B."
During the last month, 100 passports were given to leave the Confederate
States by Provost Marshal Carrington and War Department.
Mr. G. B. Lamar, Savannah, Ga., tenders his services to go to New York
and purchase supplies for our prisoners in the hands of the enemy, and
to negotiate the sale of 1000 bales of cotton, etc.
Twelve M. Heavy and pretty rapid shelling is heard down the river.
Col. Chandler, Inspecting Officer, makes an ugly report of Gen. Winder's
management of the prisons in Georgia. Brig.-Gen. Chilton appends a
rebuking indorsement on Gen. W.'s conduct. The inspector characterizes
Gen. W.'s treatment of the prisoners as barbarous, and their condition
as a "hell on earth." And Gen. W. says his statements are "false."
DECEMBER 3D.--Very warm--clouds and sunshine, like April.
Roger A. Pryor, who resigned his brigadiership, and has been acting as a
_scout_ (private), fell into the hands of the enemy the other day while
exchanging newspapers with their pickets. They have him at Washington,
and the United States newspapers say he makes revelations of a sad state
of affairs in Georgia, etc. This is doubtless erroneous.
A "peace resolution" has been introduced in the North Carolina
Legislature.
Hon. Mr. Foote yesterday introduced a resolution in Congress, calling
for a convention of the States--or appointment of commissioners from the
States. Voted down by a large majority.
Gen. Rosser (two brigades) made a descent, a few days ago, on the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, capturing some nine guns altogether,
including four siege, which he spiked. The others he brought off, with
800 prisoners. He destroyed 200 wagons and a large amount of
quartermaster and ordnance stores.
Per contra. Grant has pounced upon one of our depots at Stony Creek,
Weldon Railroad, getting some 80 prisoners, and destroying a few stores.
It is said he still holds the position--of some importance.
Gen. Ewell still thinks the aspect here is "threatening."
Brig.-Gen. Chilton, Inspector-General, has ordered investigations of the
fortunes of bonded officers, who have become rich during the war.
A strong effort has been made to have Gen. Ripley removed from
Charleston. He is a Northern man, and said to be dissipated. Senator Orr
opposes the change; the Secretary recommends his retention, and the
President indorses: "I prefer that Gen. Ripley should remain.--J. D."
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 4TH.--Bright, clear, and warm.
A dispatch from Gen. Bragg. "AUGUSTA, December 3d, 6 P.M.--A strong
force of the enemy's cavalry and infantry advanced from Louisville and
encamped last night six miles from Waynesborough. They turned off this
morning toward Savannah. Our cavalry is pressing in the rear, and all
available means is being thrown to their front by rail. There is time
yet for any assistance which can be spared, to be sent by way of
Charleston.--B. B."
The Northern papers say our army under Hood in Tennessee has met with a
great disaster. We are still incredulous--although it may be true. If
so, the President will suffer, and Johnston and Beauregard will escape
censure--both being supplanted in the command by a subordinate.
Brig.-Gen. Preston is still directing orders to Col. Shields, who is
under the command of Major-Gen. Kemper, and the conflict of conscription
authorities goes on, while the country perishes. Preston is a South
Carolina politician--Kemper a Virginian. Mr. Secretary Seddon leans to
the former.
The law allowing exemptions to owners of a certain number of slaves is
creating an antislavery party. The non-slaveholders will not long fight
for the benefit of such a "privileged class." There is madness in our
counsels!
We are still favored by Providence in our family. We have, at the market
prices, some $800 worth of provisions, fuel, etc., at the beginning of
winter, and my son Thomas is well clad and has his order for a month's
rations of beef, etc., which we get as we want it at the government shop
near at hand in Broad Street. His pay and allowances are worth some
$4500 per annum.
Major Ferguson having got permission of the Quartermaster-General to
sell me a suit of cloth--there being a piece too dark for the army, I
got four yards, enough for coat, pants, and vest, at $12 per yard--the
price in the stores is $125; and I have the promise of the government
tailor to make it up for some $30 or $40, the ordinary price being $350;
the trimmings my family will furnish--if bought, they would cost $100.
Tom has bought a new black coat, made before the war, for $175, the
peace price $15, in specie, equivalent to $600. And my daughter Anne has
made three fine bonnets (for her mother, sister, and herself), from the
debris of old ones; the price of these would be $700. So I fear not but
we shall be fed and clad by the providence of God.
DECEMBER 5TH.--Bright and beautiful.
Anne Samuels and many other ladies, Harrisonburg, Virginia, have
petitioned the government for authority to organize themselves into a
regiment for local defense.
Great excitement was produced in the House of Representatives (Congress)
this morning by the entrance of a lady who proceeded vigorously to
cowhide the Hon. Mr. V----, from Missouri.
Congress has passed a resolution declaring that it was not meant, in
calling for the ages of the clerks in the departments, to include the
ladies.
Vice-President Stephens has arrived in the city.
Our people think, in the Federal accounts of a victory over Gen. Hood,
at Franklin, Tenn., they perceive a Confederate victory. It is
understood that the enemy fell back upon Nashville after the battle,
pursued by Hood.
We are also hopeful of the defeat of Sherman--a little delay on his part
will render it pretty certain. If it should occur, will it give us
peace?
The _Tribune_ says President Lincoln is more determined than ever to
restore the Union. But disaster will surely dishearten either side--that
is, the people.
The following dispatch has been received from Gen. Bragg:
"AUGUSTA, December 4th, 1864.--The column is moving on what is known as
Eastern Road, to Savannah. There are several ferries from the mouth of
---- Creek to Charleston and Savannah Railroad bridge--none below that.
Gen. Hardee reports he is patrolling the river with a gun-boat. I have
had all ferry boats destroyed, and ordered all roads to and from the
river to be broken up and blockaded by felling heavy timber. The roads
are all passed by causeways to the river on both sides over dense
swamps. None of enemy's forces remain near Macon; and from best
information I can obtain, it is thought all of ours have left there for
Savannah. The Georgia militia, who were on Central Railroad, moved back
toward Savannah, and at last accounts were at Station 4-1/2; our
cavalry, however, far in advance of them.--B. B."
At night--mended broken china and glassware again with white lead, very
successfully. Such ware can hardly be bought at all--except by the rich.
DECEMBER 6TH.--Bright and beautiful. Indian summer apparently.
All quiet below--but it is anticipated by some that a battle will occur
to-day, or in a day or so.
The enemy's negro troops have been brought to this side of the river,
and are in full view on picket duty.
The Signal Bureau reports a large number of transports descending the
Potomac a few days ago; probably Sheridan's army, to reinforce Grant.
And yet our conscription superintendents, under orders, are busily
engaged furloughing and detailing the rich slaveowners! It is developing
a rapidly growing _Emancipation party_, for it is the establishment of a
privileged class, and may speedily prove fatal to our cause. Our leaders
are _mad_, and will be destroyed, if they persist in this policy.
DECEMBER 7TH.--Raining, and warm.
It is said several hundred of the prisoners taken by Rosser in the
Valley escaped, on the way to Richmond. A relaxation of vigilance always
follows success. How long can this war last?
Hon. Mr. Staples procured four and two months' details yesterday for two
rich farmers, Messrs. McGehee and Heard, both rosy-faced, robust men,
and yet found for "light duty" by a medical board. Thus we go. The poor
and weakly are kept in the trenches, to desert the first opportunity.
It is said a dispatch came from Bragg yesterday (I saw it not) stating
that Wheeler and some infantry had a sharp battle with Sherman's
advance, near Millen, in which the latter suffered greatly. But
reinforcements coming up, our forces fell back in order, disputing the
way.
Tea is held at $100 per pound! Wood still $100 per cord.
I saw Gen. Rains to-day. He says he has over 2000 shell torpedoes
planted along our lines around Richmond and Petersburg.
Col. Bayne reports the importation of 6400 packages salted meats, fish,
coffee, preserved vegetables, from Nassau, Bermuda, and Halifax, _since
October 1st, 1864_, in fourteen different steamers.
DECEMBER 8TH.--Rained hard in the night; clear and pleasant in the
morning.
A letter from John T. Bourne, St. Georges, Bermuda, says he has some
1800 barrels government gunpowder under his care, of which he desires to
be relieved.
Gen. Lee sent to the Secretary the following dispatch this morning: "2d
and 5th corps, Gregg's division of [enemy's] cavalry, are moving South,
on Jerusalem Plank Road. Cavalry reached Sussex Court House at 7 P.M.
yesterday. Hill and Hampton [Confederate States generals] are
following. Appearances indicate they are moving against Weldon, where I
am concentrating all the depot guards I can.
"R. E. LEE, _General_.
"PETERSBURG, Dec. 8th, 1864."
There are rumors of the enemy having effected a lodgment on the south
side of the river, between Howell and Drewry's Bluff. This may be
serious. I do not learn (yet) that the Dutch Gap Canal is finished; but
the enemy landed from barges in the fog. Gen. Lee, some weeks ago,
designated such a movement and lodgment as important and embarrassing,
probably involving the holding of Petersburg.
Nothing from Bragg.
One of Gen. Early's divisions is passing through the city toward
Petersburg.
DECEMBER 9TH.--Cold and cloudy; surface of the ground frozen.
Cannon heard below. More of Gen. Early's corps arriving. The papers
contradict the report that Howlett's Battery has been taken. The opinion
prevails that a battle will occur to-day.
It appears that but few of the enemy's forces were engaged in the
demonstration on the south side, below Drewry's Bluff, and no uneasiness
is felt on account of it.
We have nothing so far to-day from the enemy's column marching toward
Weldon.
Gov. Smith, in his message to the Legislature now in session, recommends
the employment of negro troops, even if it results in their
emancipation. He also suggests an act, putting into the army civil
officers of the State under forty-five years of age. At the same time he
is exempting officers (State) _under forty-five_, and there is no
compulsion on him.
A dispatch from Gen. Lee last night states that from the great number of
wagons taken by the enemy on the Weldon Road, the movement is
formidable, and indicates a purpose of prolonged operations.
At night--and snowing--a terrible night for the poor soldiers in the
field!
DECEMBER 10TH.--Snowed two inches last night. Cloudy and damp this
morning.
Guns were heard down the river last night at a late hour. Perhaps it was
nothing more than shelling the enemy's canal.
We have nothing yet authentic from Georgia; but many rumors of much
fighting.
It is said Gen. Hampton has got in front of the enemy's column at the
Weldon Railroad, and is driving them back. Gen. Hill, it is presumed, is
_this_ side of them.
It is also reported that Gen. Longstreet is now (12 M.) attacking the
enemy on _this_ side of the river, and driving them. Distant guns can be
heard southeast of us, and it may be true.
Major Cummings, Confederate States, Georgia, dispatches that the
railroad between Atlanta and Chattanooga should be repaired immediately,
to bring off supplies from Middle Tennessee. Gen. Bragg concurs.
The following was received from Gen. Bragg to-day, 11 A.M.:
"AUGUSTA, December 10th, 1864.--The following dispatch is just received
from Gen. Wheeler, twenty-seven miles from Savannah, 10 P.M., 8th
December. Enemy are still moving toward Savannah, obstructing the road
in the rear, and resisting warmly this morning. I cannot learn that any
have crossed the Savannah River. I hear artillery firing, far in my
front; do not know what it means: 14th corps and Kilpatrick's cavalry on
the river road; 15th on middle ground road; and 17th, and probably 20th,
on Central Railroad.
"I think the force on the right bank of Ogeechee must be small."
DECEMBER 11TH, SUNDAY.--Cloudy and melting--snow vanishing rapidly. The
thousand and one rumors of great achievements of Gen. Longstreet on the
north side of the river seem to have been premature. Nothing official of
any advantage gained over the enemy near the city has been received so
far as I can learn. Gen. Lee, no doubt, directed Longstreet to make
demonstrations on the enemy's lines near the city, to ascertain their
strength, and to prevent more reinforcements being sent on the south
side, where the struggle will occur, if it has not already occurred.
There is no doubt that the enemy's column sent toward Weldon has been
checked, and great things are reported of Gen. Hampton's cavalry.
A battle must certainly occur near Savannah, Ga. Sherman _must_ assail
our lines, or perish between two fires.
President Lincoln's message to the Congress of the United States,
republished in our papers, produces no marked effect. His adherence to a
purpose of emancipation of the slaves, and his employment of them in his
armies, will suffice for an indefinite prolongation of the war, and
perhaps result in the employment of hundreds of thousands of slaves in
our armies. The intimation, however, that all applications for "pardon,"
etc. have been and are still favorably entertained, will certainly cause
many of our croakers who fall into the lines of the United States forces
to submit. Others, though so disposed, have not an opportunity to
signify their submission. But everything depends upon events in the
field.
DECEMBER 12TH.--Clear and cold. Ice half an inch thick.
Gen. Longstreet is again in the old lines on this side of the river. The
reconnoissance, however, is said to have been successful. Only a few
were killed and wounded on either side.
And Grant's column was turned back from Meherrin bridge. Results of the
movement unimportant, and the supposition is that both armies will now
go into winter quarters, after a taste of this rigorous weather.
It is rumored and believed (though I have seen no dispatch to that
effect) that Sherman has beaten and out-manoeuvred our generals, and
got into communication with the Federal fleet.
I read President Lincoln's message carefully last night. By its
commissions and omissions on Mexican affairs, I think he means to menace
Louis Napoleon, who may _speak out_ January 1st, 1865. Lincoln says:
"Mexico continues to be a theater of civil war. While our political
relations with that country have undergone no change, we have at the
same time strictly maintained neutrality between the belligerents."
And his reference to England is so equivocal, and his grouping of the
Central and South American _Republics_ so prominent, and the boastful
allusion to the "inexhaustible" resources of the United States, may be
considered as a premeditated threat to Great Britain.
A "confidential" letter came in to-day from Mr. Benjamin to the
Secretary of War.
Dr. Powell has sent us a dozen ruta baga turnips, and a couple of
quarts of excellent persimmons, which the family enjoys most thankfully.
Dispatches from Lee:
"HEADQUARTERS ARMY NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
"December 10th, 1864.
"HON. JAMES A. SEDDON, SECRETARY OF WAR.
"Gen. Hampton, after driving the enemy's cavalry upon his infantry,
on the afternoon of the 8th, recrossed the Nottoway and reached
Bellfield at daylight yesterday.
"In the afternoon the enemy attacked the position, but were
successfully resisted. This morning the enemy is reported retiring
and Hampton following.
"The bridge over the Meherrin was saved. Our loss, as far as known,
was small. The garrison, under Garnett, and the reserves, behaved
well. R. E. LEE."
"HEADQUARTERS ARMY NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
"December 10th, 1864.
"HON. JAMES A. SEDDON, SECRETARY OF WAR.
"About noon yesterday the first division of the Second Corps of the
enemy, supporting their cavalry, forced back our cavalry pickets on
the Vaughan Road, south of the Appomattox, and advanced toward
Dinwiddie Court House.
"To-day our cavalry, reinforced by infantry, drove them back across
Hatcher's Run, capturing a few prisoners and re-establishing our
lines. R. E. LEE."
DECEMBER 13TH.--Cloudy and cold, but wind southeast.
The sullen sound of cannon heard this morning as usual down the river. I
hear of no active operations there, although the ground is sufficiently
frozen to bear horses and artillery.
Rumors of successes on the part of Sherman near Savannah are still in
circulation.
The rich men are generally indignant at the President and Gov. Smith for
proposing to bring a portion of the negroes into the army. They have not
yet awakened to a consciousness that there is danger of losing _all_,
and of their being made to fight against us. They do not even remove
them beyond the reach of the enemy, and hundreds are daily lost, but
still they slumber on. They abuse the government for its impressments,
and yet repose in fancied security, holding the President responsible
for the defense of the country, without sufficient men and adequate
means.
The following dispatch from Gen. Bragg was received to-day at 10 P.M.:
"AUGUSTA, Dec. 12th.
"The telegraph having been cut, we get nothing from Savannah. A
dispatch from Wheeler gives a copy of enemy's order for the line of
investment around Savannah. It is about eight miles from the city,
and was to have been reached on the 9th.
"B. BRAGG."
I have at length succeeded in getting a suit of clothes; it was made at
the government shop for $50, the trimmings having been found (in the
house) by my wife. The suit, if bought of a merchant and made by the
city tailors, would cost some $1000. A Yankee prisoner (deserter) made
the coat at a low price. The government means to employ them, if they
desire it, in this manner. I am very thankful for my good fortune.
DECEMBER 14TH.--Cloudy, and thawing rapidly. All quiet below.
The bill to employ 40,000 negroes, as recommended by the President, for
army purposes, though not _avowedly_ to fight, has passed one House of
Congress. So the President is _master_ yet. There ought to be 100,000
now in the field.
An effort will be made by the government to put into the field the
able-bodied staff and other officers on duty in the bureaus here. It
will fail, probably, since all efforts have failed to put in their
able-bodied clerks. If Bragg were here, and allowed his way, he would
move them to the front.
The following dispatch was received from Gen. Bragg to-day:
"AUGUSTA, GA., Dec. 13th, 1864.--I go to Charleston to-morrow to see
Gen. Beauregard, at his request. He has assigned me to duty.--B. B."
I got to-day from Major Cross, A. Q. M. Gen., an order to buy a pair of
government shoes (British) for $10. They are most excellent in quality,
heavy, with iron heels, etc., and would cost, if made here, $150. This
good fortune is worthy of being thankful for.
The military officers in the bureaus, responsive to a resolution of the
House of Representatives, are reporting their ages, and most of them
admit they are able-bodied and fit for service in the field. They have
no fear of being transferred to the front, supposing themselves
indispensable as bureau officers.
DECEMBER 15TH.--Cloudy and cool.
A dispatch from the West states that the enemy have made a heavy raid
from Bean's Station, Ky., cutting the railroad between Abingdon and
Bristol, destroying government stores, engines, etc. Breckinridge and
Vaughan, I suppose, have been ordered away. Dr. Morris, Telegraph
Superintendent, wants to know of the Secretary if this news shall be
allowed to go to the press.
The President is ill, some say very ill, but I saw indorsements with his
own hand on the 13th (day before yesterday).
Our affairs seem in a bad train. But many have unlimited confidence in
Gen. Beauregard, who commands in South Carolina and Georgia, and all
repose implicit trust in Lee.
A writer in the _Sentinel_ suggests that if we should be hard pressed,
the States ought to repeal the old Declaration of Independence, and
voluntarily revert to their original proprietors--England, France, and
Spain, and by them be protected from the North, etc. Ill-timed and
injurious publication!
A letter from G. N. Sanders, Montreal, Canada E., asks copies of orders
(to be certified by Secretary of War) commanding the raid into Vermont,
the burning, pillaging, etc., _to save Lieut. Young's life_. I doubt if
such written orders are in existence--but no matter.
It is said the enemy have captured Fort McAlister, Savannah Harbor.
Mr. Hunter is very solicitous about the President's health--said to be
an affection of the head; but the Vice-President has taken his seat in
the Senate.
It was rumored yesterday that the President would surely die,--an idle
rumor, perhaps. I hope it is not a disease of the brain, and incurable.
DECEMBER 16TH.--Clear and pleasant; subsequently cloudy and chilly.
All quiet below, save the occasional booming of our guns from the
iron-clads.
The capture of Fort McAlister, Savannah, has caused a painful
sensation. It is believed we have as many men on the Georgia coast as
the enemy; but they are not the men of _property_--men of 1861-62; and
those _without_ property (many of them) are reluctant to fight for the
benefit of the wealthy class, remaining at home.
The following dispatch from Gen. Bragg was received this morning:
"CHARLESTON, December 15th, 1864.--My services not being longer
needed in this department, I shall leave this evening for Wilmington,
and resume my command.
"Sherman has opened communication with his new base, by the Ogeechee.
The means to meet him do not exceed one-half the estimate in yours of
the 7th instant. BRAXTON BRAGG."
So ends Gen. Bragg's campaign against Sherman!
I have not heard about the President's health to-day. But no papers have
come in from his office.
Lieut.-Col. Ruffin, Commissary Department, certifies (or Col. Northrop
for him) that he is "not fit for duty in the field."
DECEMBER 17TH.--Warm and cloudy.
Quiet below.
The President was reported better, yesterday, to my wife, who called.
It is said Gen. Cooper, R. Ould, etc. etc. have never taken their
compensation in Confederate States Treasury notes, hoping at a future
day (which may not come) to draw specie or its equivalent!
It was reported on the streets, to-day, that the President was dead. He
is much better; and will probably be at his office to-day.
The following telegram was sent over by the President this morning:
"SAVANNAH, GA., December 16th, 1864.--Sherman has secured a water base,
and Foster, who is already nearly on my communications, can be safely
and expeditiously reinforced. Unless assured that force sufficient to
keep open my communications can be sent me, I shall be compelled to
evacuate Savannah.--W. J. HARDEE, Lieut.-Gen."
Alas for President Davis's government! It is now in a painful strait. If
reinforcements be sent from here, both Savannah and Richmond may fall.
Gen. Bragg will be crucified by the enemies of the President, for
staying at Augusta while Sherman made his triumphant march through
Georgia; and the President's party will make Beauregard the scape-goat,
for staying at Charleston--for sending Hood North--which I am inclined
to think he did not do, but the government itself.
Capt. Weiniger (government clothing warehouse) employs about 4000
females on soldiers' clothes.
Some people still believe the President is dead, and that it is
attempted to conceal his death by saying he is better, etc. I saw his
indorsements on papers, to-day, dated the 15th, day before yesterday,
and it was a bold hand. I am inclined almost to believe he has not been
sick at all! His death would excite sympathy: and now his enemies are
assailing him bitterly, attributing all our misfortunes to his
incompetence, etc. etc.
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 18TH.--Raining.
The old dull sound of bombs down the river. Nothing further from
Savannah. It is now believed that the raiders in Western Virginia did
not attack Saltville, and that the works are safe. For two days the
speculators have been buying salt, and have put up the price to $1.50
per pound. I hope they will be losers. The State distributes salt
to-morrow: ten pounds to each member of a family, at 20 cents per pound.
The President's malady is said to be neuralgia in the head--an
evanescent affliction, and by no means considered dangerous. At least
such is the experience in my family.
It was amusing, however, to observe the change of manner of the
Secretaries and of heads of bureaus toward Vice-President Stephens, when
it was feared the President was in _extremis_. Mr. Hunter, fat as he is,
flew about right briskly.
If Savannah falls, our currency will experience another depreciation,
and the croaking reconstructionists will be bolder.
The members of the Virginia Assembly propose paying themselves $50 per
day!
Congress has not yet passed the act increasing the compensation of
members.
DECEMBER 19TH.--The darkest and most dismal day that ever dawned upon
the earth, except one. There was no light when the usual hour came
round, and later the sun refused to shine. There was fog, and afterward
rain.
Northern papers say Hood has been utterly routed, losing all his guns!
A letter from Mr. ------ to ------, dated Richmond, December 17th, 1864,
says: "I have the honor to report my success as most remarkable and
satisfactory. I have ascertained the _whole Yankee mail line, from the
gun-boats to your city, with all the agents_ save one. You will be
_surprised_ when informed, from the lowest to the highest class. The
agent in your city, and most likely in your department, has yet to be
discovered. This is as certain as what we have learned (his arrest, I
mean), for the party in whose hands the mail is put coming from your
city is known to us; and we have only to learn who gives him the mail,
which can be done upon arrest, if _not sooner_, to know everything. What
shall be done with the parties (spies, of course) when we are ready to
act? If you ever intimate that _trials are tedious_, etc., the enemy
seize citizens from some neighborhood as hostages, when their emissaries
are disturbed. _I will dispatch_, if it be authorized, and that will end
the matter. The lady I spoke to you of is the fountain-head. What to do
with females troubles me, for I dislike to be identified with their
arrest.
"I request that a good boat, with three torpedoes, and a man who
understands working them, be sent to Milford to report to me at Edge
Hill. Let the man be _mum_ on all questions. I would meet him at
Milford, if I knew the day (distance is twenty-five miles), with a
wagon, to take him, torpedoes, and boat to the point required. I must be
sure of the day.
"Have the following advertisement published in Monday's papers:
"'YANKEES ESCAPED! $1000 REWARD!--A Yankee officer and three privates
escaped from prison on Thursday night, with important matter upon their
persons. The above reward will be given for their detection.'
"Let me hear from you through Cawood's Line, upon receipt of this.
Respectfully, etc. ------."
We have the spectacle now of three full generals--Johnston, Beauregard,
and Bragg--without armies to command; and the armies in the field
apparently melting away under the lead of subordinate, if not
incompetent leaders. So much for the administration of the
Adjutant-General's office.
Governor Smith is still exempting deputy sheriffs, constables, etc.--all
able-bodied.
It is rumored on the street that we intend evacuating Savannah. How did
that get out--if, indeed, such is the determination? There _are_
traitors in high places--or near them.
It is also rumored that the Danville Railroad has been cut. I don't
believe it--yet.
There is deep vexation in the city--a general apprehension that our
affairs are rapidly approaching a crisis such as has not been
experienced before. There is also much denunciation of the President for
the removal of Gen. Johnston from the command of the Army of Tennessee.
Hon. Mr. Foote declared, Saturday, that he would resign his seat if the
bill to suspend the writ of _habeas corpus_, now pending, became a law.
There is much consternation--but it is of a sullen character, without
excitement.
The United States Congress has ordered that notice be given Great
Britain of an intention on the part of the Federal Government to
increase the naval force on the lakes; also a proposition has been
introduced to terminate the Reciprocity Treaty. And Gen. Dix orders his
military subordinates to pursue any rebel raiders even _into_ Canada and
bring them over. So, light may come from _that_ quarter. A war with
England would be our peace.
At 2 P.M. it was rumored that Charleston is taken and Beauregard a
prisoner. Also that Gen. Jos. E. Johnston (in the city) says Richmond
will be evacuated in ten days. I do not learn what gold sells at to-day!
I suspect some _coup d'etat_ is meditated.
DECEMBER 20TH.--A brighter morning, cool and clear.
The _President_ was at work yesterday. He and the Secretary and Gen.
Cooper put their heads together to make up a _regiment_ for Col. Miller
in Mississippi, and designate the two field officers to be under
him--from two battalions and two unattached companies.
If the Northern (purporting to be official) accounts be true, Gen. Hood
has sustained an irretrievable disaster, which may involve the loss of
Tennessee, Georgia, etc.
Hon. Mr. Foote declared last night his purpose to leave the city in a
few days, never to resume his seat in Congress, if martial law should be
allowed. He said he had information that when Charleston _fell_, South
Carolina would conclude a treaty of peace (submission?) with the United
States; and that North Carolina was prepared to follow the example! I
have observed that these two States do not often incline to go together.
The _great_ disaster would be the loss of Richmond and retreat of Lee's
army southward. This would probably be followed by the downfall of
slavery in Virginia.
The Secretary of War has sent an agent to the Governor of North
Carolina, to ask for special aid in supplying Lee's army with
meat--which is deficient here--or else it cannot be maintained in the
field in Virginia! Very bad, and perhaps worse coming.
There is a rumor that Gen. Breckinridge has beaten Gen. Burbridge in
Tennessee or Western Virginia.
Gen. R. E. Lee is in town, looking robust, though weather-worn. He
complains that the department is depleting his army by details, often
for private and speculative purposes, to the benefit of private
individuals--speculators.
I drew my (State) salt to-day, 70 pounds, for 7 in family--20 cents per
pound. It retails at a $1 per pound!
Mr. Secretary ---- has sent (per Lieut.-Col. Bayne) some gold to
Wilmington, to buy (in Nassau) loaf sugar for his family, to be brought
in government steamers.
My son Thomas could get no beef ration to-day--too scarce.
DECEMBER 21ST.--Raining; rained all night.
The following dispatch was received this morning:
"WILMINGTON, December 20th, 1864,10 A.M.--The head of the enemy's fleet
arrived off this port during last night. Over thirty steamers are now
assembling, and more are following.--BRAXTON BRAGG."
It may be hoped that Gen. Bragg will do something more than chronicle
the successes of the enemy this time. He is nearer to him than when he
remained at Augusta; and yet the press could be made reticent on
arrivals, etc.
Lieut.-Col. Sims, Assistant Quartermaster General, has contracted with
the _Southern Express Company_ to transport all the funds of the
Quartermaster's Department--hundreds of millions!
Mr. Hunter was with the Secretary this morning, when I laid before the
latter Bragg's dispatch. I doubt not it failed to contribute to a
mollification of their painful forebodings.
By Northern papers I see President Lincoln disapproves Gen. Dix's order
to troops to cross the Canada line in pursuit of raiders.
Gold is $45 for one to-day.
The army has no meat this day, the commissaries, etc. have it all, and
are speculating with it--it is said. So many high officials are
_interested_, there is no remedy. We are at the mercy of the
quartermasters, commissaries, railroad companies, and the _Southern_
Express Company. The President and Secretary either cannot or will not
break our shackles.
An official account states the number of houses burnt by the enemy in
Atlanta to be 5000!
There is a rumor of another and a formidable raid on Gordonsville. The
railroad is now exclusively occupied with the transportation of
troops--perhaps for Wilmington. The raid may be a ruse to prevent
reinforcements being sent thither.
The Andersonville Report belongs to the Adjutant-General's Office, and
therefore has not come back to me.
DECEMBER 22D.--Clear and cold. We have nothing from below. From
Wilmington, we learn there is much commotion to resist the armada
launched against that port. Gen. Lee is sending troops _via_ the
Danville Road in that direction.
The wire has been cut between this and Gordonsville, by the scouts of
the raiders launched in that direction. We breakfast, dine, and sup on
horrors now, and digest them all quite sullenly.
I am invited to a turkey dinner to-day (at Mr. Waterhouse's), and have
some hesitation in accepting it at a time like this. Ought I to go? He
is a skilled artisan and has made money, and no doubt the turkey is
destined to be eaten by somebody.
At an auction this morning, a Jew bid off an old set of tablespoons,
weighing twelve ounces and much worn, at $575. He will next _buy_ his
way out of the Confederacy. Mr. Benjamin and Judge Campbell have much to
answer for in allowing such men to deplete the South of its specie,
plate, etc. There were some commissaries and quartermasters present, who
are supposed to have stolen much from the government, and desire to
exchange the currency they have ruined for imperishable wealth. They,
too, will run away the first opportunity.
The sun shines brightly this beautiful cold day; but all is dark in
Congress. The Tennessee members say Hood's army is destroyed, that he
will not get 1000 men out of the State, for the Tennesseeans,
Kentuckians, etc. refuse to retire farther south, but straggle and
scatter to their homes, where they will remain.
I am told we have but a thin curtain of pickets on the north side of the
James River, between us and 15,000 negro troops.
The President is at work at his residence, not having yet come down to
his office; and I learn it is difficult to get his attention to any
business just now but _appointments_; had to get him to sign a bill
passed by Congress to pay the civil officers of the government. No doubt
he is anxious and very unhappy.
Hon. Mr. Foote's wife has just got a passport to return home to
Nashville, Tennessee!
DECEMBER 23D.--Bright and very cold.
A storm has driven off a portion of the enemy's fleet before Wilmington.
The raid toward Gordonsville and Charlottesville is not progressing
rapidly. We shall have a force to meet it.
Besides the demonstration against Savannah (from which place we have no
recent tidings), it appears that an attempt on Mobile is in progress.
Too many attempts--some of them must fail, I hope.
From the last accounts, I doubted whether Hood's army has been so badly
shattered as was apprehended yesterday.
Gen. Price (trans-Mississippi) has brought out a large number of
recruits from Missouri.
I dined out yesterday, and sumptuously; the first time for two years.
Congress has done but little, so far. They are at work on the Currency
bill!
Mr. Enders, broker, and exempted as one of the Ambulance Committee, I am
informed paid some $8000 yesterday to Mitchell & Tyler for a few
articles of jewelry for his daughter. And R. Hill, who has a provision
shop near the President's office, I understand expended some $30,000 on
the wedding of his daughter. He was poor, I believe, before the war.
I got an order from Lieut. Parker, Confederate States Navy, for a load
of coal to-day. Good! I hope it will be received before the last on hand
is gone.
The enemy's raiders camped within seven miles of Gordonsville, last
night; and it will be ten o'clock to-day before our reinforcements can
reach there. I hope our stores (commissary) will not be lost--as usual.
Mr. S. Norris, Signal Bureau, has just (1 P.M.) sent the following: "I
am just informed that Mr. Smithers, telegraph operator at Gordonsville,
is again in his office. He says fighting is going on in sight--that
troops from Richmond have arrived, and arriving--and it is expected that
Gen. Lomax will be able to drive the enemy back."
Just before 3 P.M. to-day a dispatch came from Mr. Smithers, telegraph
operator at Gordonsville, dated 1 o'clock, saying the enemy have been
repulsed and severely punished, and are retreating the way they came,
toward Sperryville. He adds that many of the enemy's dead now lie in
sight of the town. So much for this gleam of good fortune, for I believe
the military authorities here were meditating an evacuation of the city.
Gen. Custis Lee was at the department to-day, after the clerks detailed
from his command. All, all are to be dragged out in this bitter cold
weather for defense, except the speculators, the extortioners, the land
and slave owners, who really have something tangible to defend, and
these have exemptions or "soft places."
DECEMBER 24TH.--Christmas eve! Clear and cold.
A dispatch from Hon. J. L. Orr and H. V. Johnson (on their way home)
informs the Secretary that from the delay in the transportation of
troops over the Piedmont Railroad, there must be either criminal neglect
or treachery concerned in it.
Again it is rumored that Savannah has been evacuated. There is something
in the air that causes agitation in official circles. Mr. Secretary
Seddon's room was locked nearly all day yesterday.
If troops cannot be transported expeditiously over the Piedmont Road,
fears may be entertained for Wilmington, when, the gale subsiding, the
enemy's fleet has reappeared.
There is a rumor on the street that the government is to be removed to
Lynchburg.
Gen. Lee has induced the President and Secretary of War to call for the
clerks (detailed ones) to repair to the trenches again--this weather.
The emergency must be great, as these soldiers get, as clerks, $4000 per
annum, and rations, etc.
A dispatch from Gen. Bragg.
"WILMINGTON, N. C., December 23d, 1864.--The fleet, which drew off in
the rough weather, is again assembled; seventy vessels now in sight on
the coast. The advance of the troops (C. S.) only reached here
to-night.--B. B."
The clerks are drawing lots; one-half being ordered to the trenches. Of
two drawn in this bureau (out of five) one is peremptorily ordered by
the Secretary to remain, being sickly, and the other has an order to go
before a medical board "to determine whether he is fit for service in
the trenches for a few days." Great commotion naturally prevails in the
departments, and it is whispered that Gen. Lee was governed in the
matter by the family of the President, fearing a Christmas visit from
the negro troops on this side the river.
The following note was received to-day from the Vice-President:
"RICHMOND, VA., December 23d, 1864.--Hon. Jas. A. Seddon, Secretary
of War: Will you please send me, through the post-office, a
passport to leave the city? I wish to depart in a few
days. Yours respectfully,
"ALEX. H. STEPHENS."
The President is hard at work making majors, etc.
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25TH. CHRISTMAS!--Clear and pleasant--white frost.
All quiet below. But it is believed on the street that Savannah has been
evacuated, some days ago. I have not yet seen any official admission of
the fact.
We have quite a merry Christmas in the family; and a compact that no
unpleasant word shall be uttered, and no _scramble_ for anything. The
family were baking cakes and pies until late last night, and to-day we
shall have _full_ rations. I have found enough celery in the little
garden for dinner.
Last night and this morning the boys have been firing Christmas guns
incessantly--no doubt pilfering from their fathers' cartridge-boxes.
There is much jollity and some drunkenness in the streets,
notwithstanding the enemy's pickets are within an hour's march of the
city.
A large number of the croaking inhabitants censure the President for our
many misfortunes, and openly declare in favor of Lee as Dictator.
Another month, and he may be unfortunate or unpopular. His son, Gen.
Custis Lee, has mortally offended the clerks by putting them in the
trenches yesterday, and some of them may desert.
Many members of Congress have gone home. But it is still said they
invested the President with extraordinary powers, in secret session. I
am not quite sure this is so.
I append the following dispatches:
"HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
"December 23d, 1864.
"HON. JAMES A. SEDDON, SECRETARY OF WAR.
"On the 20th, Gen. Early reported one division of the enemy's
cavalry, under Gen. Custer, coming up the valley, and two
divisions, under Gen. Torbert, moving through Chester Gap, with
four pieces of artillery and thirty wagons.
"On the 22d, Rosser attacked Custer's division, nine miles from
Harrisonburg, and drove it back, capturing forty prisoners.
"This morning, Torbert attacked Lomax near Gordonsville, and was
repulsed and severely punished. He is retreating, and Lomax
preparing to follow. R. E. LEE."
"DUBLIN, December 20th, 1864.
"A dispatch from Gen. Breckinridge to-day, dated at Mount Airy,
sixteen miles west of Wytheville, says he had fought the enemy for
two days, successfully, near Marion. The enemy had retired from his
front; but whether they were retreating to East Tennessee or not,
he had not ascertained."
"CHARLESTON, December 22d, 1864.
"TO GEN. S. COOPER.
"On the 16th inst., the enemy, 800 strong, occupied Pollard. After
burning the government and railroad buildings, they retired in the
direction they came.
"They were pursued thirty miles, losing a portion of their
transportation, baggage, and supplies, and leaving many dead negro
troops on the road.
"Our force, commanded by Gen. Liddell, acted with spirit and
gallantry. G. T. BEAUREGARD, _General_."
"OUR INDIAN TROOPS.--Gen. Stand Watie, commanding our Indian troops
in the trans-Mississippi Department, has fully clothed and armed
all his men, and is in the vicinity of Fort Smith, attacking and
destroying Yankee wagon trains."
DECEMBER 26TH.--Raining--rained all night. The dark and dismal weather,
together with our sad reverses, have made the countenances of croakers
in the streets and in the offices more gloomy and somber than ever,
foreboding evil in the future. No one doubts the evacuation of Savannah,
and I suppose it must be so. Hardee had but 8000 reliable men. The
Georgians in Lee's army are more or less demoralized, and a reward of a
sixty days' furlough is given for shooting any deserter from our ranks.
An old black chest, containing mostly scraps and odds and ends of
housekeeping, yet brought on by my family from Burlington, has remained
four years unopened, the key being lost. We have felt an irrepressible
anxiety to see its contents, for even rubbish is now valuable. I got a
locksmith to send a man to pick the lock, last week, but he failed to
find the house, and subsequently was sent to the trenches. I borrowed
twenty-five keys, and none of them would fit. I got wire, and tried to
pick the lock, but failed. Yesterday, however, when all were at church,
I made another effort, prizing at the same time with the poker, when the
screws of the hasp came out and the top flew up, revealing only "odds
and ends" so far as I could see. I closed it, replaced the striped
cover, and put the cage with the parrot on it, where it usually remains.
The day, and the expressed objection of my wife to have the lock broken
or injured, have, until to-day, restrained me from revealing to the
family what I had done. But now I shall assemble them, and by a sort of
Christmas story, endeavor to mollify my wife's anticipated displeasure.
The examination of the contents will be a delightful diversion for the
children, old and young.
My impromptu Christmas tale of the old Black Chest interested the
family, and my wife was not angry. Immediately after its conclusion, the
old chest was surrounded and opened, and among an infinite variety of
rubbish were some articles of value, viz., of chemises (greatly needed),
several pairs of stockings, 1 Marseilles petticoat, lace collars,
several pretty baskets, 4 pair ladies' slippers (nearly new), and
several books--one from my library, an octavo volume on Midwifery, 500
pages, placed there to prevent the children from seeing the
illustrations, given me by the publisher for a notice in my paper, _The
Madisonian_, more than twenty years ago. There were also many toys and
keepsakes presented Mrs. J. when she was an infant, forty years ago, and
many given our children when they were infants, besides various articles
of infants' clothing, etc. etc., both of intrinsic value, and prized as
reminiscences. The available articles, though once considered rubbish,
would sell, and could not be bought here for less than $500.
This examination occupied the family the remainder of the day and
night--all content with this Christmas diversion--and oblivious of the
calamities which have befallen the country. It was a providential
distraction.
DECEMBER 27TH.--A night of rain--morning of fog and gloom. At last we
have an account of the evacuation of Savannah. Also of the beginning of
the assault on Port Fisher and Caswell below Wilmington, with painful
apprehensions of the result; for the enemy have landed troops above the
former fort, and found no adequate force to meet them, thanks to the
_policy_ of the government in allowing the _property holders_ to escape
the toils and dangers of the field, while the poor, who have nothing
tangible to fight for, are thrust to the front, where many desert. Our
condition is also largely attributable to the management of the Bureau
of Conscription--really the Bureau of _Exemption_.
I saw to-day a letter from Gen. Beauregard to Gen. Cooper, wherein it
was indicated that Gen. Hood's plan of penetrating Tennessee was adopted
before he (Gen. B.) was ordered to that section.
The enemy _did_ occupy Saltville last week, and damaged the works. No
doubt salt will "go up" now. The enemy, however, have retired from the
place, and the works can be repaired. Luckily I drew 70 pounds last
week, and have six months' supply. I have two months' supply of coal and
wood--long enough, perhaps, for our residence in Richmond, unless the
property owners be required to defend their property. I almost despair
of a change of policy.
It is reported that Sherman is marching south of Savannah, on some new
enterprise; probably a detachment merely to destroy the railroad.
An expedition is attacking, or about to attack, Mobile.
All our possessions on the coast seem to be the special objects of
attack this winter. If Wilmington falls, "Richmond next," is the
prevalent supposition.
The brokers are offering $50 Confederate States notes for $1 of gold.
Men are silent, and some dejected. It is unquestionably the darkest
period we have yet experienced. Intervention on the part of European
powers is the only hope of many. Failing that, no doubt a negro army
will be organized--and it might be too late!
And yet, with such a preponderance of numbers and material against us,
the wonder is that we have not lost all the sea-board before this. I
long since supposed the country would be penetrated and overrun in most
of its ports, during the second or third year of the war. If the
government would foster a spirit of patriotism, the country would always
rise again, after these invasions, like the water of the sea plowed by
ships of war. But the government must not crush the spirit of the people
relied upon for defense, and the rich must fight side by side with the
poor, or the poor will abandon the rich, and that will be an abandonment
of the cause.
It is said Gen. Lee is to be invested with dictatorial powers, so far as
our armies are concerned. This will inspire new confidence. He is
represented as being in favor of employing negro troops.
A dispatch from Lieut.-Gen. Hardee (to the President), December 24th,
1864, at Charleston, S. C., says he may have to take the field any
moment (against Sherman), and asks a chief quartermaster and chief
commissary. The President invokes the special scrupulosity of the
Secretary in the names of these staff officers.
DECEMBER 28TH.--Rained all night; warm.
A large stable burned down within sixty yards of our dwelling, last
night, and not one of the family heard the uproar attending it.
Gen. Bragg telegraphs the President that the enemy failed to reduce Fort
Fisher, and that the troops landed above the fort have re-embarked. But
he says the enemy's designs are not yet developed; and he is such an
unlucky general.
We found a caricature in the old black chest, of 1844, in which I am
engaged in fight with the elder Blair. Calhoun, Buchanan, etc. are in
the picture.
It is still believed that Gen. Lee is to be generalissimo, and most
people rejoice at it. It is said the President and Gen. Jos. E. Johnston
have become friends again.
DECEMBER 29TH.--Rained all night; spitting snow this morning.
Although Gen. Bragg announces that the enemy's fleet has disappeared off
Wilmington, still the despondency which has seized the croakers remains.
It has probably sailed against Charleston, to co-operate with Sherman.
Sherman says officially that he got, with Savannah, about 1000
prisoners, 150 heavy guns, nearly 200 cars and several locomotives,
35,000 bales of cotton, etc. etc. And Gen. Foster says the inhabitants
(20,000) were "quiet, and well disposed." Most people believe Charleston
will fall next, to be followed by a sweep of the entire sea-board; and
grave men fear that the impetus thus given the invader cannot be checked
or resisted.
The great want is _fighting men_, and they are mostly exempted or
detailed under that portion of the "War Department" which is quietly
worked by Judge Campbell, who is, of course, governed by his own great
legal judgment. Well, the President has been informed of this, and yet
waits for Mr. Secretary Seddon to suggest a remedy. I have often
thought, and still think, that either the Bureau of Conscription must be
abolished or the government must fail. The best generals will not avail
without sufficient men to fight.
Gen. Beauregard telegraphs from Charleston, December 26th, that there is
a conflict of authority at Mobile as to which branch of the service,
navy or army, shall command the torpedo boat. The two Secretaries are
referring it to commanders, and I fear that, by the time the question is
settled, some calamity will befall the boat, and the city, and the
country.
Grant is said to be moving troops to the north side of the river again,
fearing an attack from us, or intending one himself.
DECEMBER 30TH.--A clear night and frosty morning.
We have no news except that gleaned from Northern papers. Gen. Hood is
unable to cross the Tennessee River (now swollen), and would soon be
attacked again by superior numbers.
Congress was in secret session yesterday, probably perfecting the bill
for the suspension of the privilege of _habeas corpus_.
Gen. Bragg is credited with the repulse of the enemy at Wilmington.
During the late raid a close-fisted farmer lost heavily: several hundred
barrels of flour and corn, one hundred barrels of apples, a large
amount of bacon and sorghum, which he was hoarding, and thus
contributing to produce famine in the midst of plenty. His neighbors
(those few not following his example) express no sympathy for him. The
enemy did not burn Liberty Mills--once in their possession, in which is
stored a large amount of grain--for some unexplained reason.
The enemy's papers show that they have regular and expeditious
intercourse with parties here, and are kept correctly advised of
everything that transpires. This is a continuance of Mr. Benjamin's
policy by Mr. Seddon. It may be lucrative to those immediately
interested; but if not abated, will be the death of the Confederate
States Government--as I have told them all repeatedly.
And the "Bureau of Conscription" still exists, and seems destined to "be
in at the death."
I paid Lieut. Parker just $30.75 for a load of coal; selling at $75.
I saw selling at auction, to-day, second-hand shirts at $40 each, and
blankets at $75. A bedstead, such as I have bought for $10, brought
$700. But $50 in Confederate States paper are really worth only $1 in
specie.
Jos. R. Anderson & Co. writes that unless their hands are sent in from
the trenches, they cannot fill orders for ordnance stores; and Gen.
Gorgas (he has been promoted) approves it, saying it is known that a
number of these hands intend to desert the first opportunity.
The last call for the clerks to return to the trenches was responded to
by not a man of Capt. Manico's company, War Department proper.
DECEMBER 31ST.--The last day of the year. Snowing and wet.
Gen. H. Cobb writes that the existing Conscription Bureau is a failure
so far as Georgia, Alabama, etc. are concerned, and can never put the
men in the field.
Wm. Johnston, president of the Charlotte (N. C.) and South Carolina
Railroad, suggests the construction, immediately, of a railroad from
Columbia, S. C, to Augusta, Ga., which might be easily accomplished by
April or May. It would take that length of time for the government to
"consider of it." It will lose two railroads before it will order the
building of one.
There is supposed to be a conspiracy on foot to transfer some of the
powers of the Executive to Gen. Lee. It can only be done by revolution,
and the overthrow of the Constitution. Nevertheless, it is believed many
executive officers, some high in position, favor the scheme.
To-morrow Gen. Lee's army is to be feasted with turkeys, etc.
contributed by the country, if the enemy will permit them to dine
without molestation. The enemy are kept fully informed of everything
transpiring here, thanks to the vigilance of the Provost Marshal,
detectives, etc. etc.
Gen. Cobb writes that he is arresting the men who remained in Atlanta
during its occupation by Sherman, and subjecting themselves to
suspicion, etc. Better march the men we have against Sherman now, who is
still in Georgia!
Gen. Lee writes that Grant is concentrating (probably for an attack on
Richmond), bringing another corps from the Valley; and if the local
troops are brought in, he does not know how to replace them. His army
diminishes, rather than increases, under the manipulations of the Bureau
of Conscription. It is a dark and dreary hour, when Lee is so
despondent!
Senator Henry writes that any delay in impressing the railroad from
Danville to Greensborough will be fatal.