The stimulus subsided. The paroxysms ended in prostration. Some
took refuge in melancholy, and their eminent chief alternated
between a menace and a sigh. As I sat opposite the Treasury
bench, the Ministers reminded me of those marine landscapes not
unusual on the coasts of South America. You behold a range of
exhausted volcanoes; not a flame flickers on a single pallid
crest; but the situation is still dangerous: there are occasional
earthquakes, and ever and anon the dark rumblings of the sea.
--_Speech at Manchester_
[Illustration: BENJAMIN DISRAELI]
Since Disraeli was born a Jew, he was received into the Jewish Church with
Jewish rites. But Judaism, standing in the way of his ambition, and his
parents' ambition for him, the religion of his fathers was renounced and
he became, in name, a Christian. Yet to the last his heart was with his
people, and the glory of his race was his secret pride.
The fine irony of affiliating with a people who worship a Jew as their
Savior, but who have legislated against, and despised the Jew--this
attracted Disraeli. With them he bowed the knee in an adoration they did
not feel, and while his lips said the litany, his heart repeated Ben
Ezra's prayer. In temperament he belonged with the double-dealing East. He
intuitively knew the law of jiu jitsu, best exemplified by the Japanese,
and won often by yielding. He was bold, but not too bold.
Israel Zangwill, shrewdest, keenest and kindliest of Jews--with the
tragedy of his race pictured on his furrowed face, a face like an ancient
weather-worn statue on whose countenance grief has petrified--has summed
up the character of Disraeli as no other man ever has or can. I will not
rob the reader by quoting from "The Primrose Sphinx"--that gem of letters
must ever stand together without subtraction of a word. It belongs to the
realm of the lapidary, and its facets can not be transferred. Yet when Mr.
Zangwill refers to the Mephistophelian curl of Lord Beaconsfield's lip,
the word is used advisedly. No character in history so stands for the
legendary Mephisto as does this man. The Satan of the Book of Job, jaunty,
daring, joking with his Maker, is the Mephisto of Goethe and all the other
playwriters who, have used the character. Mephisto is so much above the
ordinary man in sense of humor--which is merely the right estimate of
values--so sweeping in intellect, that Milton pictures him as a
dispossessed god, the only rival of Deity.
Disraeli, not satisfied with playing the part of Mephisto and tempting men
to their ruin, but thirsting for a wider experience, turns Faustus himself
and sells his soul for a price. He knows that everything in life is
sold--nothing is given gratis--we pay for knowledge with tears; for love
with pain; for life with death. He haggles and barters with Fate, and pays
the penalty because he must.
He alternately affronts and cajoles his enemies; takes all that the world
has to give; knows every pleasure; wins every prize; makes love to the
daughters of men (without loving them); and winning the one he selects,
secretly thanks Jehovah, God of his fathers, that he leaves no
offspring--because the woman fit for his mate and equal to mothering his
children does not exist.
The sublimity of his egotism stands unrivaled. It is so great that it is
admirable. We lift our hats to this man. Napoleon gained the field without
prejudice; but this man enters the list with hate and prejudice arrayed
against him. He plays the pawns of chance with literature, religion,
politics, and moves the queen so as to checkmate all adversaries. He
flouts love, but to show the world that he yet knows the ideal, he
occasionally pictures truth and trusting affection in his speeches and
books. This entire game of life is to him only a diversion.
They may jeer him down in the House of Commons, but his patience is
unruffled. He says, "Very well, I will wait." Now and again he smiles that
wondrous, contagious smile, showing his white teeth and the depth of his
dark, burning eyes.
He knows his power. He revels in the wit he never expresses; he glories in
this bright blade of the intellect that is never fully unsheathed.
They think he is interested in English politics--pish! Only world problems
really interest him, and those that lie behind mean as much to him as
those that are to come. He is one with eternity, and the vanquished glory
of Rome, the marble beauty of Athens, the Assyrian Sphinx, the flight from
Egypt under the leadership of one who had killed his man--yet had talked
with God face to face--these and the dim uncertainty of the unseen, are
the things that interest him. He is a dreamer of the Ghetto.
* * * * *
There was no taint of mixed blood in the veins of Benjamin Disraeli. He
traced his ancestry in a record that looks like a chapter from the Book of
Numbers. His forebears had known every persecution, every contumely,
slight and disgrace. Driven from Spain by the Inquisition, barely escaping
with life, when Jewish blood actually fertilized the fields about Granada,
his direct ancestor became one of the builders of Venice. The Jews
practically controlled the trade of the world in the sun-kissed days of
prosperity, when Venice produced the books and the art of Christendom.
To trace an ancestry back to those who enthroned Venice on her hundred
isles was surely something of which to be proud; and into the blood of
Benjamin Disraeli went a dash of the gleam and glory and glamour of
Venice--the Venice of the Doges.
This man's grandfather came to England with a goodly fortune, which he
managed to increase as the years went by. He had one son, Isaac, who
nearly broke his parents' heart in that he not only showed no aptitude for
business, but actually wrote poems wherein commerce was held up to
ridicule. The tendency of the artistic nature to speak with disdain of the
"mere money-grabber," and the habit of the "money-grabber" to refer
patronizingly to the helpless, theoretical and dreamy artist, is well
known. Isaac Disraeli was an artist in feeling; he must have been a
reincarnation of one of those bookmakers of Venice who touched hands with
Titian and Giorgione and helped to invest wisely the moneys the merchants
of the Rialto made. Never a Gratiano had a greater contempt for a merchant
than he. Just to get him out of the way, his parents packed Isaac off to
Europe, where he acquired several languages, and some other things, with
that ease which the Jew always manifests. He dallied in art, pecked at
books, and made the acquaintance of many literary men.
When his father died and left him a goodly fortune, he had the sense to
turn the entire management of the estate over to his wife, a woman with a
thorough business instinct, while he busied himself with his books.
Benjamin was the second child of these parents. He had a sister older than
himself, and two brothers younger. Those philosophers who claim that
spirits have their own individuality in the unseen world, and the accident
of birth really does not constitute a kinship between brothers and
sisters, will find here something that looks like proof. Benjamin Disraeli
bore no resemblance in mental characteristics to his sister or brothers;
he did, however, possess the mental virtues of both father and mother,
multiplied by ten.
When twelve years of age he exhibited that intense disposition for mastery
which was through life his distinguishing trait. The Jew does not outrank
the Gentile in strength, but the average Jew surely does have the faculty
of concentration which the average Gentile does not possess. And that is
what constitutes strength--the ability to focus the mind on one thing and
compass it: to concentrate is power.
When Ben was sent to the Unitarian school at Walthamstow, aged fifteen, it
was his first taste of school life. Up to this time his father had been
his tutor. Now he found himself cast into that den of wild animals--an
English school for boys. His Jewish name and features and his dandy ways
and attire made him the instant butt of the playground. Ben very patiently
surveyed his tormentors, waited to pick his man, and then challenged the
biggest boy in the school to single combat. The exasperating way in which
he coolly went about the business set his adversary's teeth chattering
before the call of "time." The result of the fight was that, even if
"Dizzy" was not thoroughly respected from that day forth, no one ever
called, "Old clo'! Old clo'!" within his hearing. Of course it was not
generally advertised that the lad had been taking boxing lessons from
"Coster Joe" for three years, with the villainies of a boys' school in
view. In fact, boxing was this young man's diversion, and the Coster on
several occasions expressed great regret that writing and politics had
robbed the ring of one who showed promise of being the cleverest
welter-weight of his time.
The main facts in both "Vivian Gray" and "Contarini Fleming" are
autobiographical. Like Byron, upon whom Disraeli fed, the author never
got far away from himself.
It was not long before the intense personality of young Disraeli made
itself felt throughout the Walthamstow school. The young man smiled at the
pedant's idolatry of facts, and seized the vital point in every lesson. He
felt himself the superior of every one in the establishment, master
included--and he was.
Before a year he split the school into two factions--those who favored Ben
Disraeli, and those who were opposed to him. The master cast his vote with
the latter class, and the result was that Ben withdrew, thus saving the
authorities the trouble of expelling him. His leave-taking was made
melodramatic with a speech to the boys, wherein impertinent allusions were
made concerning all schoolmasters, and the master of Walthamstow in
particular.
And thus ended the school life of Benjamin Disraeli, the year at
Walthamstow being his first and last experience.
However, Ben was not indifferent to study; he felt sure that there was a
great career before him, and he knew that knowledge was necessary to
success. With his father's help he laid out a course of work that kept him
at his tasks ten hours a day. His father was a literary man of
acknowledged worth, and mingled in the best artistic society of London.
Into this society Benjamin was introduced, meeting all his father's
acquaintances on an absolute equality. The young man at eighteen was
totally unabashed in any company; he gave his opinion unasked, criticized
his elders, flashed his wit upon the guests and was looked upon with fear,
amusement or admiration, as the case might be.
Froude says of him, "The stripling was the same person as the statesman at
seventy, with this difference only, that the affectation which was natural
in the boy was itself affected in the matured politician, whom it served
well for a mask, or as a suit of impenetrable armor."
* * * * *
That literature is the child of parents is true. That is to say, it takes
two to produce a book. Of course there are imitation books, sort o' wax
figures that look like books, made through habit by those that have been
many years upon the turf, and who work automatically; but every real,
live, throbbing, pulsing book was written by a man with a woman at his
elbow, or vice versa.
When twenty-one years of age Benjamin Disraeli produced "Vivian Gray." The
woman in the case was Mrs. Austen, wife of a prosperous London solicitor.
This lady was handsome, a brilliant talker, a fine musician and an amateur
artist of no mean ability. She was much older than Disraeli--she must have
been in order to comprehend that the young man's frivolity was pretense,
and his foppery affectation. A girl of his own age, whose heart-depths had
not been sounded by experience, would have fallen in love with the foppery
(or else despised it--which is often the same thing); but Mrs. Austen,
mature in years, with a decade of London "seasons" behind her, having met
every possible kind of man Europe had to offer, discovered that the world
did not know Ben Disraeli at all. She saw that the youth did not reveal
his true self, and that instead of courting society for its own sake he
had a supreme contempt for it. She intuitively knew that he was seething
in discontent, and with prophetic vision she knew that his restless power
and his ambition would yet make him a marked figure in the world of
letters or politics, or both.
For love as a passion, or supreme sentiment, ruling one's life, Disraeli
had no sympathy. He shunned love for fear it might bind him hand and foot.
Love not only is blind, but love blinds its votary, and Disraeli, knowing
this, fled for freedom when the trail grew warm. A man madly in love is
led, subdued--imagine Mephisto captured, crying it out on his knees with
his head in a woman's lap!
But Mrs. Austen was happily married, the mother of a family, and occupied
a position high in London society.
Marriage with her was out of the question, and scandal and indiscretion
equally so--Ben Disraeli felt safe with Mrs. Austen. With her he put off
his domino and grew simple and confidential.
And so the lady, doubtless a bit flattered--for she was a woman--set
herself to push on the hazard of new fortunes. She encouraged him to write
his novel of "Vivian Gray"--discussed every phase of it, read chapter
after chapter as they were produced, and by her gentle encouragement and
warm sympathy fired the mind of the young man to the point of production.
The book is absurd in plot, and like most first books, flashy and
overdrawn. And yet there is a deal of power in it, and the thinly veiled
characters were speedily pointed out as living personages. Literary London
went agog, and Mrs. Austen fanned the flame by inviting "the set" to her
drawing-room to hear the great author read from his amusing work. The best
feature of the book, and probably the saving feature, is that the central
figure in the plot is Disraeli, himself, and upon his own head the author
plays his shafts of wit and ridicule. The impertinence and impudence which
he himself manifested were parodied, caricatured and played upon, to the
great delight of the uninitiated rabble, who gave themselves much credit
for having made a discovery.
The man who scorns, scoffs, gibes and jeers other men, and at the same
time is willing to drop his guard and laugh at himself, is not a bad man.
Very, very seldom is found a man under thirty who does not take himself
and all his wit seriously. But Disraeli, the lawyer's clerk, at twenty was
wise and subtle beyond all men in London Town. Mrs. Austen must have been
wise, too, for had she been like most other good women she would have
wanted her protege admired, and have rebelled in tears at the thought of
placing him in a position where society would serve him up for
tittle-tattle. Small men can be laughed down, but great ones, never.
A little American testimony as to the appearance of Disraeli in his
manhood may not here be amiss. Says N.P. Willis: "He was sitting in a
window looking on Hyde Park, the last rays of sunlight reflected from the
gorgeous gold flowers of a splendidly embroidered waistcoat.
Patent-leather pumps, a white stick with a black cord and tassel, and a
quantity of chains about his neck and pockets, served to make him a
conspicuous object. He has one of the most remarkable faces I ever saw. He
is lividly pale, and but for the energy of his action and strength of his
lungs would seem to be a victim of consumption. His eye is black as
Erebus, and has the most mocking, lying-in-wait sort of expression
conceivable. His mouth is alive with a kind of working and impatient
nervousness, and when he has burst forth, as he does constantly, with a
particularly successful cataract of expression, it assumes a curl of
triumphant scorn that would be worthy of Mephistopheles. His hair is as
extraordinary as his taste in waistcoats. A thick, heavy mass of jet-black
ringlets falls on his left cheek almost to his collarless stock, which on
the right temple is parted and put away with the smooth carefulness of a
girl. The conversation turned on Beckford. I might as well attempt to
gather up the foam of the sea as to convey an idea of the extraordinary
language in which he clothed his description. He talked like a racehorse
approaching the winning-post, every muscle in action."
* * * * *
Disraeli, like Byron, awoke one morning and found himself famous. And like
Byron, he was yet a stripling. Pitt was Prime Minister at twenty-five.
Genius has its example, and Disraeli worshiped alternately at the shrines
of Byron and Pitt. The daring intellect and haughty indifference of Byron,
and the compelling power of Pitt--he saw no reason why he should not unite
these qualities within himself. He had been grubbing in a lawyer's office,
and had revealed decided ability in a business way, but novel-writing in
office-hours was not appreciated by his employer--Ben was told so, and
this gave him an opportunity to resign. He had set his heart on a
political career--he thirsted for power--and no doubt Mrs. Austen
encouraged him in this. To push a man to the front, and thus win a
vicarious triumph, has been a source of great joy to more than one
ambitious woman. To get on in politics, Disraeli must enter the House of
Commons. Even now, with the help of the Austens, and his father's purse, a
pocket borough might be secured, but it was not enough--he must enter with
eclat.
A year of travel was advised--fame grows best where the man is not too
much in evidence; there is virtue in obscurity. Disraeli decided to go
down through Europe, traveling over the same route that Byron had taken,
write another book that would secure him some more necessary notoriety,
and then stand for a seat in the House of Commons. Once within the sacred
pale, he believed his knowledge of business, his ability to express
himself as a writer or speaker, and the magic of his presence would make
the rest easy.
There was no dumb luck in the matter--neither father nor son believed in
chance; they fixed their faith on cause and effect.
And so Ben went abroad before London society grew aweary of him.
His stay was purposely prolonged; and news of his progress from time to
time filled the public prints. He carried letters of introduction to every
one and moved in a sort of sublime pageant as he traveled.
When he returned, wearing the costume of the East, he was greeted by
society as a prince. His novel, "Contarini Fleming," was published with
great acclaim, and interest in "Vivian Gray" was revived by a special
edition deluxe. "Contarini" was compared to "Childe Harold," and pictures
of Disraeli, with hair curling to his shoulders, were displayed in
shop-windows by the side of pictures of Byron.
Disraeli was the lion of the drawing-rooms. When it was known he was to be
in a certain place crowds gathered to get a glimpse of his handsome face,
and to listen to his wit.
He introduced several of his Eastern accomplishments, one of which was the
hookah. "Beware of tobacco, my boy," said an old colonel to him one day;
"women do not like it; it has ruined more charming liaisons than anything
else I know!"
"Then you must consider smoking a highly moral accomplishment," was the
reply. The colonel had wrongly guessed the object of Disraeli's ambition.
He became acquainted with Tom Moore, Count d'Orsay, and Lady Morgan; Lady
Blessington welcomed him at Kensington; Bulwer-Lytton introduced him to
Mrs. Wyndham Lewis--wife of the member from Maidstone--aged forty; and he
was, say, twenty-five. They tried conclusions in repartee, sparred for
points, and amused the company by hot arguments and wordy pyrotechnics.
When they found themselves alone in the conservatory, after a little
stroll, they shook hands, and the gentleman said, "What fools these
mortals be!" "True," replied the lady; "true, and you and I are mortals."
And so Disraeli found another woman who correctly gauged him. They liked
each other first-rate. At last a vacant borough was found and arrangements
made for the young man to stand as a candidate for the House of Commons.
The campaign was entered upon with great vigor. Disraeli quite outdid
himself in speech-making and waistcoats. The election took place--and he
was defeated.
* * * * *
With Disraeli defeat meant merely a transient episode, not a conclusion.
On the second venture he was elected, and one sunshiny day found himself
duly sworn in as a member of the House of Commons, with a seat just back
of Peel's.
There is a tradition in Parliament, adopted also in the United States
Senate, that silence is quite becoming to a member during his first
session. Disraeli had a motto to the effect that it is better to be
impudent than servile, and in order to teach Parliament that in the
presence of personality all rules are waived, he very shortly indulged him
in an exceeding spread-eagle speech. But he had not spoken five minutes
before the members began to laugh. Catcalls, hisses and mad tumult
reigned. The young man in the flaming waistcoat let loose all his
oratorical artillery, and the result was bravos and left-handed applause
that smothered his batteries. Again and again he tried to proceed, but his
voice was lost in the Clover-Club fusillade. The Chair was powerless. At
last the speaker saw an opening and roared above the din, "I will now sit
down, but you shall yet listen to me!"
Opinions were divided as to whether the House had squelched the
Israelitish fop, or whether the fop had tantalized the House into
unseemliness. The young man needed snubbing, no doubt, but the lesson had
been given so brutally that sympathy was with the snubbed. The original
intent was to abash him, so he would break down; but this not succeeding,
he had simply been clubbed into silence.
Then when Disraeli refused to accept condolences--merely waiving the whole
affair--and a few days after arose to make some trivial motion, just as
though nothing had happened, he made friends.
Any man who shows himself to be strong has friends--people wish to attach
themselves to such a one. Disraeli showed himself strong in that he held
no resentment, and indulged in no recrimination on account of the
treatment he had received. A weak man would have done one of these things:
resigned his seat, demanded an apology from the House, or refused to let
his voice again be heard. Disraeli did neither--he continued to speak on
various occasions, and expressed himself so courteously, so modestly, so
becomingly, that the members listened in awe and curiosity. Then soon it
was discovered that beneath the mild and gentle ripple of his speech ran a
deep current of earnest truth, tinged with subtle wit. When he spoke, the
loungers came in from the cloakrooms, fearing to miss something that was
worth while.
The House of Commons experience taught Disraeli one great truth, and that
was this: the most effective oratory is not bombastic. Among educated
people (or illiterate) the quiet, deliberate and subdued manner is best.
Reserve is a very necessary element in effective speaking. It is
soul-weight that counts, not mere words, words, words. The extreme
deliberation and compelling quality of quiet self-possession in Disraeli's
style dated, according to Gladstone, from the day that Parliament tried to
laugh him down. After that if any one wanted to hear him they had to come
to him, and he took good care that those who did come did not go away
empty. He never explained the evident, illustrated the obvious, nor
expatiated on the irrelevant.
However, the motto, "Impudence rather than servility," was not discarded.
Instead of a dashing style he developed a slow, subtle, scathing quality
that was quite lost on all, save those who gave themselves to close
listening.
And the House listened, for when Disraeli went after an antagonist he
chose an antlered stag. If little men, fiercely effervescent and
childishly inconsequential, attempted to reply to him or sought to engage
him in debate, he simply answered them with silence, or that tantalizing
smile.
O'Connell and Disraeli, although unlike, had much in common and should
have been fast friends. Surely the age and distinguished record of
O'Connell must have commanded Disraeli's respect, but we know how they
grappled in wordy warfare. Disraeli called the Irishman an incendiary, and
O'Connell, who was a past master in abuse, replied in a speech wherein he
exhausted the Billingsgate lexicon. He wound up by a reference to the
ancestry of his opponent, and a suggestion that "this renegade Jew is
descended from the impenitent thief, whose name was doubtless Disraeli."
It was a home-thrust--a picture so exaggerated and overdrawn that all
England laughed. The very extravagance of the simile should have saved the
allusion from resentment; but it touched Disraeli in his most sensitive
spot--his pride of birth.
He straightway challenged his traducer. O'Connell had killed a man in a
duel years before, and then vowed he would never again engage in mortal
combat.
Disraeli intimated that he would fight O'Connell's son, Morgan, if
preferred, a man of his own age.
Morgan replied that his father insulted so many men he could not set the
precedent of fighting them all, or standing sponsor for an indiscreet
parent. But with genuine Irish spirit he suggested that if the son of
Abraham was intent on fight and could not be persuaded to be sensible,
why, the matter could probably be arranged.
Happily, about this time, police officers invaded the apartments of
Disraeli and arrested him on a bench-warrant. He was bound over, to his
great relief, in the sum of five hundred pounds to keep the peace.
O'Connell never took the matter very seriously, and referred soon after in
a speech to "my excellent, though slightly bellicose friend, child of an
honored race."
Disraeli did not take up politics to make money--the man who does that may
win in his desires, but his career is short. Nothing but honesty really
succeeds. Disraeli knew this, and in his record there is no taint. But the
income of a member of the House of Commons affords no opportunity for
display. Disraeli's books brought him in only small sums, and his father's
moderate fortune had been sadly drawn upon. He was well past thirty, and
was not making head, simply because he was cramped for funds. To rise in
politics you must have an establishment; you must entertain and reach out
and bring those you wish to influence within your scope. A third floor
back, in an ebb-tide street, will not do. Like Agassiz, Disraeli had no
time to make money--it was a sad plight. But this was a man of destiny,
and to use the language of Augustine Birrell, "Wyndam Lewis at this time
accommodatingly died." Mrs. Wyndam Lewis had been the firm friend and
helper of Disraeli for many years, and although a small matter of fifteen
years separated them as to ages, yet their hearts beat as one.
Scarce a twelvemonth had gone before the widow and Disraeli were married.
They disappeared from London for some months, journeying on the Continent.
When they returned all the old scores in way of unpaid bills against
Disraeli were paid, and he was master of an establishment.
Disraeli was thirty-five, his wife was fifty, but it was a happy mating.
They thought alike, and their ambitions were the same. Disraeli treated
his wife with all the courtly grace and deference in which he was an
adept, and her princely fortune was absolutely his. "There was much cause
for gratitude on both sides," said O'Connell. And there is no doubt that
Disraeli's wife proved the firmest friend he ever had. For many years she
was his sole confidante and best adviser. She attended him everywhere and
relieved him of many burdens. That true incident of her fingers being
crushed by the careless slamming of the carriage-door, and her hiding the
bleeding members in her muff, and attending her husband to the House of
Commons, where he was to speak, refusing to disturb him by her pain--this
symbols the moral quality of the woman. She was the fit mate of a great
man, and it is pleasant to know that she was honored and appreciated.
* * * * *
To tell the story of Disraeli's thirty years in Parliament would be to
write the political history of the time. He was in the front of every
fight; he expressed himself on every subject; he crossed swords with the
strongest men of his age. That he had no great and overpowering
convictions on any subject is fully admitted now, even by his most ardent
admirers--it was always a question of policy; that is to say, he was a
politician. He gave a point here and there when he had to, and when he
did, always managed to do it gracefully. When he ambled over from one
party to another he affected a fine wrath and gave excellent reasons.
Three times he was Chancellor of the Exchequer, and twice was he Prime
Minister, and for a time actual Dictator. But he took good care not to
exercise his power too severely. When his word was supreme, the safety of
the nation lay, as it always does, in a strong opposition.
In one notable instance was Disraeli wrong in his prophecies--he declared
again and again that Free Trade meant commercial bankruptcy. Yet Free
Trade came about, and the fires were started in ten thousand factories,
and such prosperity came to England as she had never known before.
Political economy as a science was a constant butt for his wit, and in
physical science he was dense to a point where his ignorance calls for
pity. He believed in the literal Mosaic account of creation, and said in
his paradoxical way on one occasion, that in belief he was not only a
Christian, but a Jew. And this in spite of his most famous mot: "All
sensible men are of one religion."
"And what is that?"
"Sensible men never tell."
Had Disraeli been truly sensible he would not have attempted to hold
Charles Darwin up to ridicule, by declaring in a speech at Oxford that "it
is a choice between apes and angels." He had neither the ability,
patience, nor inclination to read the "Origin of Species," and yet was so
absurd as to answer it.
In his novels of "Coningsby," "Sybil" and "Tancred," he argues with great
skill and adroit sophistry that a landed aristocracy is necessary to a
progressive civilization. "The common people need an example of refinement
in way of manners, art and intellect. Some one must take the lead, and
reveal the possibility of life in leisurely and luxurious living." And
this example of beauty, gentleness and excellence was to come from the
landed gentry of England--ye gods! Was it possible that this man believed
in the necessity of the gentry as a virtuous example? Or did he merely
view the fact that the aristocracy were there in actual possession, and as
they could not be evicted, why then the next best thing was to cajole,
flatter and discreetly advise them? Who shall say what this man believed!
Sensible men never tell.
But this we know, this man had no vice but ambition. He conformed pretty
closely to England's ideals, and his thirst for power never caused him to
take the chances of a Waterloo. His novels show a close acquaintanceship
with the ways of society, and he knew the human heart as few men ever do.
The degradation of the average toiler in Great Britain, the infamy of the
policy extended toward Ireland, and the cruelty of imperialism--all these
he knew, for his books reveal it; but he was powerless as a leader to stem
the current of tendency. He acquiesced where he deemed action futile.
"Lothair" is his best novel, for in it he gets furthest away from himself.
It reveals a cleverness that is admirable, and this same brilliancy and
shifty play of intellect are found in "Endymion," written in his
seventy-fifth year. Whether these novels can ever take their place among
the books that endure is a question that is growing more easy to answer
each succeeding year. They owed their popularity more to their flippant
cleverness than to their insight, and their vogue was due, to a great
extent, to the veiled personalities that interline their pages.
That Disraeli did not carry out all the plans and reforms he attempted,
need not be set down to his discredit. It is fortunate he did not succeed
better than he did. He, however, safely piloted the great ship in the
direction the passengers desired to go; and his own personal ambition was
reached when he, a Jew at heart--member of a despised race--had made
himself master of the fleets, armies and treasury of the proudest nation
the world has ever known.
* * * * *
Bound into the life of Disraeli is a peculiar incident in the romantic
friendship that existed between him and Mrs. Willyums of Torquay,
Cornwall. About the year Eighteen Hundred Forty-nine, Disraeli began to
receive letters from an unknown admirer, who expressed a great desire for
an interview on "a most important business." All public men, especially if
they have the brilliant mental qualities of Disraeli, receive such
letters. The sensitive neurotic female who is ill-appreciated in her own
home and whose soul yearns for a "higher companionship" is numerous.
Disraeli's secretary used to take care of such letters with a gentle
explanation that the Chief was out of town, but upon his return, etc.,
etc., and that was the last of it. But this Torquay correspondent was
insistent, and finally a letter came from her saying she had come to
London on purpose to meet her lord and master, and she would await him at
a seat just east of the fountain in Crystal Palace at a certain hour.
Disraeli read the missive with impatience--the idea of his meeting an
unknown woman in this fishmonger manner at a hurdy-gurdy show! He tossed
the letter into the fire. The next day another letter came, expressing
much regret that he had not kept the appointment, but saying she would
await him at the same place the following day, and begging him, as the
matter was very urgent, not to fail her.
Disraeli smiled and showed the letter to his wife. She advised him to go.
When his wife said he had better do a thing he usually did it; and so he
ordered his carriage and went to the hurdy-gurdy show to meet the
impressionable female of unknown age and condition at the seat just east
of the fountain. It was a silly thing for the leading member of Parliament
to do--to make an assignation in a public place with a fool-woman--all
London might be laughing at him tomorrow! He was on the point of turning
back.
But he reached the fountain and there was his destiny awaiting him--a
little woman in widow's black. She lifted her veil and showed a face
wrinkled and old, but kindly. She was agitated--she really did not expect
him--and the great man gave a great sigh of relief when he saw that no
flashily dressed creature had entrapped him. Even if people stared at him
sitting there it made no difference. In pity he shook hands with the
little old woman, sat down beside her, calmed her agitation, spoke of
Cornwall and the weather, and inquired what he could do for her. A
rambling talk about nothing followed, and Disraeli was sure it was just a
mild case of lunacy.
He arose to go, and the woman gave him an envelope, saying she had written
out her case and begged him to read the letter when he had time. The man
was preoccupied, his mind on great affairs of state--he simply crushed the
letter into the side-pocket of his overcoat, bade the woman a dignified
good-morning, and turned away.
It was a month before he found the letter all crumpled and soiled there
where he had placed it. He really had forgotten where it came from. The
envelope was opened and out dropped a Bank of England note for one
thousand pounds. This note was to pay for certain legal advice. The advice
wanted was of a trivial nature, and Disraeli, always conscientious in
money matters, hastened to return the money, in person, and give the
advice gratis.
But the lady had had the interview--two of them--and this was all she
wanted. Letters followed, and this developed into a daily correspondence,
wherein the old lady revealed the story of her passion--a passion as
delicate, earnest and all-devouring as ever a girl of twenty knew. Insane,
you say? Well, ah--yes, doubtless. But then, love is illusion; perhaps
life is illusion, a very beautiful rainbow, and why old folks should not
be allowed to chase it, or allow sweet emotion to gurgle gleefully under
their lee, a bit, as well as young folks, I do not know. Then, really, is
love simply a physical manifestation and do spirits grow old? If so, where
is our belief in the immortality of the soul?
Mrs. Willyums was childless, had long been a widow, was rich, and her
heart had been in the grave until she began to trace the record of
Disraeli. She was a recluse: read, studied, fed on Disraeli--loved him.
After several years of dreaming and planning she had actually bagged the
game. She was a woman of education and ideas. Her letters were
interesting--and Disraeli's letters to her, now published, reveal the
history of his daily life as he never told it to another. At her death the
bulk of Mrs. Willyum's fortune went by will to Disraeli.
But Mrs. Disraeli was not jealous of this affection. Why should a woman of
sixty be jealous of another woman the same age? They pooled their love and
grew rich together in recounting it. Presents were going backward and
forward all the time between Disraeli's country home and Torquay. Mrs.
Willyums next came to live at Hughenden. There she died, and there she
sleeps, side by side, as was her wish, with Benjamin Disraeli, Lord Privy
Seal, Earl Beaconsfield of Beaconsfield, Viscount Hughenden of Hughenden.
And the reason the Ex-Premier was not buried in Westminster Abbey was
because he had promised these two women that even death should not
separate them from him. So there under the spreading elms, in this
out-of-the-way country place, they rest--these three, side by side, and
the sighing breeze tells and tells again to the twittering birds in the
branches, of this triple love, strange as fate, strong as destiny, warm as
life, pure as snow, and unselfish as the kiss of the summer sun.
SO HERE ENDETH "LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF ENGLISH AUTHORS," BEING
VOLUME FIVE OF THE SERIES, AS WRITTEN BY ELBERT HUBBARD: EDITED AND
ARRANGED BY FRED BANN; BORDERS AND INITIALS BY ROYCROFT ARTISTS.