rudeness, 175; powers of daimyo restricted by, 242; Will Adams
created a samurai by, 254; sketch of career of, 277-278; decree
of, concerning suicide, 285; decree concerning code of
vengeance, 293; persecution of Christians by, 307, 308, 320-321;
interviews with Will Adams, 314-315; castle of Osaka
stormed and burnt by, 322; Legacy of, 68, 319, 345-351, 360.
Izanagi, the legend concerning, 40, 112-117.
Izumo, farming forbidden to samurai in, 244-245.
Izumo temple, the, 122; worship at, 138, 139, 142-143.
Jesuitism, effect of, on Japan, 328: causes of early success of,
330-337; policy of, in China, 331, 337; inability of, to adapt
itself to Japanese social conditions, 341.
Jesuits, arrival of, in Japan, 304; favoured by Nobunaga, 304-305;
persecutions of, 304-305, 307-308; partial expulsion of, 321;
revolt of peasantry managed by, 324-325; final crushing of, 327.
Jigai, method of suicide for women, 287.
Jimmu, Emperor, 259; offerings at tomb of, 37.
Jingo, Emperor, legend of Korean conquest by, 259.
Jinrikisha-men, code of, 401-402.
Jito, Empress, edict of, concerning slavery, 234 n.
Jizo, playmate of infant ghosts, 199; first production of icons
of, 200.
Joyousness of existence, Japanese, 12-13.
Junshi, voluntary self-sacrifice, 39-40; decree of Iyeyasu puts
stop to, 285-286.
Kami, "gods", 27; significance of, 46-47; devotion to, the first
of duties according to Iyeyasu, 350.
Kannushi, office of, 138-140.
Karma, metaphysics of, 220, 221, 222, 224.
Kasuga, the deity of, 83.
Kataki-uchi, custom of, 294-295.
Kiyomasa, Kato, apotheosis of, 127.
Kobetsu, imperial families, 235.
Kobodaishi, 185.
Ko-ji-ki, "Record of Ancient Matters", 110-111, 126, 131;
extracts from, 112-114.
Korea, Buddhism brought into Japan from (552 A.D.), 184;
Hideyoshi's war against, 277.
Koshin, protector of highways, 200.
Kotoku, Emperor, 39, 265; edict of, concerning slaves, 232 n.
Ko-uji, "lesser families", 60, 230.
Kublai Khan, invasion by, 269.
Kuge, noble families, 241.
Kukai, founder of Shingon sect, 185.
Kumi-enactment's of, 91-92.
Kumi-system, the, 91-94, 168-169.
Kwambaku, "regent", office of the, established, 262.
Kwannon, Goddess of Mercy, 199.
"La Cite Antique", de Coulanges', cited, 27, 34, 67, 443, 449.
Landscape-gardeners, union of the, 404-405.
Language, impossibility of mastering, by adult Occidental, 9;
conventional organization of, 170-172; rules governing use of,
171-172.
Law, method and manner of administration, 351-353.
Laws, sumptuary, 164-180.
Laws of Iyeyasu, the, 278.
Laws of Shotoku Taishi, 344-345.
Legacy of Iyeyasu, 68, 319, 345-351, 360.
Libraries under the Tokugawa regime, 357, 370.
Literature, qualifications essential for an understanding of
Japanese, 2-3; introduction of Chinese, 187-188; introduction
or development by Buddhism, 204; under the patronage of
Iyeyasu, 279; development of, in Tokugawa period, 357; the
party of, 370-372, 375-376.
Mabuchi, Shinto commentator, 159-160, 260, 369.
Maid-servants, position of, 407-409.
Manners, laws as to, 173-176.
Marriage, obligatory in ancient Japan, 58; in patriarchal family,
58-60, 64-67; signified adoption only, 64; a chief duty of
filial piety, 65; ceremony of, 65-67; of servants, 77-78;
modern innovations in, 385-386; service by girls merely a
preparation for, 407-408.
Masashige, Kusunoki, 50.
Massacre of Shimabara, 325-327.
Massacres, of priests by Nobunaga, 251; caused by Christian
attacks on domestic faiths, 475, 479.
Matsuri-goto, "matters of worship", 32.
Matsuri, temple-festivals, 84.
Meat, forbidden for food, 196-197; forbidden as offerings by
Buddhism, 201.
Merchants, place of, in social ranking, 246; modern rise of, to
power, 446.
Metempsychosis, no doctrine of, in Shinto, 55 ff., 189-190.
Mikado, God of the Living, 122-125; usurpation of powers of, 260-266.
Miko, girl-priestesses, 142-143.
Mimidzuka, "Ear-monument", 277.
Minamoto, regency of the, 267-268.
Mionoseki, Eta settlement at, 249.
Miracle-plays performed by Jesuits, 334.
Missions, Christian, causes of small results of modern, 339, 473-476;
consideration of work of foreign 476-478; importance of policy of,
in Far East, 479-480. See Jesuits.
Mitama-San-no-tana, "shelf of the august spirits", 42.
Mitama-shiro, "spirit-substitutes", 42.
Mitamaya, "august-spirit-dwelling." 42.
Mitsukuni, Prince of Mito, 370.
Miya, "august house", 36, 42.
Money, first appearance of, 447.
Monism, higher Buddhism a species of, 210, 220-222.
Mother, nine terms signifying, 171.
Motowori, Shinto commentator, 368.
Mourning-houses, 36; Shinto temple, evolve from, 41-42.
Mythology, of the reigning house, 119; summary of the Japanese,
115-116.
Nakatomi, noble family of, 241.
Nature, controlled by ghosts of ancestors, according to Shinto,
106; Buddhist interpretation of, 192-194.
Nihongi, "Chronicles of Nihon", 110, 111, 115-116, 126; cited,
38-39, 112 n., 164 n., 196 n., 232 n., 234 n., 360 n.
Nirvana, not preached to common Japanese people, 189, 194-195.
Nobility, origin of the, 241-242. See Daimyo.
Nobunaga, Oda, massacres of priests by, 251; career of, 274-276;
Jesuits favored by, 304-305.
Obedience, rules of, 48-49, 63, 157, (see Filial Piety); modern
reversion to law of, 63, 377-378; of individual to the
community, 89-99.
Offerings, to the dead, 37; meat forbidden as, 201.
Officers, army pay of, 412.
O-harai, ceremony of purification, 144-147.
Oho-kuni-nushi-no-Kami, 120, 122; Rough and Gentle Spirits of, 126.
Ojin, Emperor, 83; Korean immigration in reign of, 260.
Osaka, Temple of the Four Deva Kings at, 200; military headquarters
of the Shin sect at, 275; Iyeyasu storms castle of, 322.
Ostracism, the punishment by, 95-96; student, 423-424.
O-uji, "great families", 60-62, 252.
Outcasts, the class of, 98, 247, 250.
"Outlines of the Mahayana Philosophy", Kuroda's, 214-215, 222.
Painting, effect of Buddhism on, 188; examples of, in temples,
198-199.
Panama railroad, debt of, to religion of filial piety, 50.
Papacy, interference of, in Jesuit missionary system, 337-338.
Parents, rights of, in patriarchal system, 70-72.
Pariahs, class of, 98, 247-250.
Parliament, convocation of, first, 377
Peasants, revolt of, 324-325; security of, against oppression,
395-396; in the quasi-feudal system, 244-245. See Farmers.
Perry, Commodore, advent of, 374.
Poems in praise of the dead, 35.
Poetry, contests in, during Tokugawa period, 358.
Politeness as an art, 359-361.
Politics, modern Japanese, 389.
Pollution, death regarded as, 40-41.
Polygyny, in ancient society, 67-69.
Population, alien elements in, 16-17.
Porcelains, Japanese, 9, 356-357.
Poverty, resulting from modern industrial revolution, 446-451.
Prayer, prescribed by Hirata. 134; daily, 134-137.
Presents, sumptuary laws concerning, 165, 168.
Pretas, wicked ghosts, 191.
Priests, Shinto, office and powers of, 86-87, 101-105, 139-140;
Buddhist, as teachers, 203-204; ranked with the samurai, 247;
massacres of, in the sixteenth century, 251; Buddhist, as
warriors, 269, 275-276. See Jesuits.
Privacy, lack of, in Japan ancient and modern, 100.
Professions, under divine patronage, 153-154.
Pronouns, rules as to use of, 171.
Property, laws of succession to, in Old Japan, 72-73.
Psychology, difference between Eastern and Western, 9.
Punishment of school-children, 421-422.
Punishment, severity of, under ancient system, 94-95, 176-177; by
communities, 94-99; by tutelar deities, 102-105; laws as to,
175-177.
Purification, ceremonies of, 144-115; by ascetic practices, 148-150.
Rebirth, doctrine of, inconsistent with early Japanese beliefs, 55;
the Buddhist idea of, and ancestor-worship, 193 n.
Reform, agitation for industrial. 452-454.
Regency, growth of the, 262-264; usurpation of power by the, 264-267.
Registrars, Buddhist priests become public, 203-204.
Relationship, gradation of nouns indicating, 171.
Religion, summary of three forms of Shinto, 21-22; of final piety,
48-51, 57, 65, 188, 459; the basis of organization of patriarchal
family, 57, 64; marriage a rite of, 65-67: identity of government
with, 100, 101; metaphysics of Buddhist, 207-228; origin in, of
customs of the vendetta, 295; tolerance of, by Iyeyasu (except
Roman Catholicism), 349-350; the life of the Japanese people,
463-464; obstacles to propagation of the Western, in the Far East,
479. See Ancestor-worship and Missions.
Responsibility from above downward, 395-400.
"Review of the Introduction of Christianty into China and Japan",
quoted from, 305.
Revolution, modern industrial, 445-449; dangers of a social,
448-451.
Rice-pot, goddess of the, 130.
"Riddle of the Universe", Haeckel's cited, 221.
Roads, under the protection of Buddhist deities, 130.
Romans, ancient, parallels between Japanese and, 27, 29, 34, 57,
65, 67, 70, 78, 99, 148, 169, 229, 234, 264, 443, 444, 446.
Rudeness, Japanese definition of, 175.
Russia, the war with, 462-463.
Ryobu-Shinto, establishment of; 185-186.
Sacrifices, history of all religious, traceable to offerings to
ghosts, 30; ancient funeral, 37-38; origin of human, 284; of
one's family, 290-291. See Junshi.
Samurai, class of the, 243, 251; obligation of, to perform
harakiri, 287; suppression of, 376.
Saris, Captain, account by, of an execution, 177-178; quoted, 318.
Satow, Sir Earnest, quoted, 43 n., 49, 68, 126 n., 141, 142,
160-161, 312 n., 333.
Satsuma, clan of the, 367, 372.
Scarecrows, god of, 130, 135, 153.
Scholarship, advance of, in Tokugawa period, 369-370.
School, training of children in, 421-425.
Schools, connected with Buddhist temples, 203; Government, 424-425.
Sculpture, developed in Japan under Buddhist teachings, 188;
displayed in roadside images, 200, 459.
Sekigahara, battle of, 278.
Self-control, legal enforcement of, 173-174.
Seppuku, Chinese term for harakiri, 287.
Servants, in Old Japan, 76-78; conservative attitude of, 400;
position of maid, 407-408. See Apprentices and Dependants.
"Shadow-Shogun", the, 268; deposition of, 267.
Shelf of the august spirits, 42.
Shimabara Revolt, the, 324-325.
Shimonoseki, Bombardment of, 374.
Shin, sect of, defeated by Nobunaga, 275-276.
Shinbetsu, "divine branch" of families, 235.
Shin-Shir-Sai, the Ninth Festival, 245.
Shinto, signification, 21; forms of worship, 21-22; the morals
of, 100-101; relation to Japanese mythology to, summarized,
115-134; origin of gods of the house in, 129-130; greater gods
of, acknowledged by Buddhism, 190; restoration of, 374; no
essential of Buddhism weakened by, 379-380. See Ancestor-worship.
Shogun, authority of the, 241, 251-252: significance of term, 267;
extension of power of the, 267-268.
Shogunate, beginning of the history of, 267; abolition of the, 374.
Shorei-Hikki, "Record of Ceremonies", 66.
Shoryobune, "ghost-ships;" 202.
Shrines, worship at, 121, 123, 138-139.
Sickness, charms against, 147-148.
Sisters of Charity, comparison of Japanese women to, 366.
Smile, rules and regulations about the, 173-174.
Socialism, not a modern growth, 255.
Societies, secret, 472 n.
Society, organization of Old Japanese, 229-258.
Sociology, difficulties in studying Japanese, 1-2.
Soga brothers, the, apotheosis of, 127.
Sohodo-no-kami, god of scarecrows. 130, 135, 153.
Son, eleven graded terms signifying, 171.
Sons-in-law, significant motto concerning, 64; customs as to,
64-65.
Speech, non-existence of freedom of, 170; regulations of forms
of, 171-173.
Spirits, Rough and Gentle, 126.
Story-teller, an Englishman who is a professional Japanese,
10-11.
Strangulation, suicide by, 286.
Student-revolts, significance and results of, 398-399.
Students, private means furnished for education of, 435-436;
education of abroad, 437-438. See Education.
Subsidies, Government, to industries, 451.
Succession laws, in Old Japan, 72-73.
Sugiwara-no-Michizane, spirit of, 127.
Suicide, by the sword, 39-40; customs as to, 286-290; modern
instances of female, 289; instances of, in Russian war, 464 n.
See Harakiri and Junshi.
Sulko, Empress, 260, 261.
Suinin, Emperor, abolishes the "human hedge", 38.
Sun, daily greeting to the, 135-136.
Sun-goddess, worship of, 109-110, 116-117; acknowledged by
Buddhism, 190; offerings of first fruits to, by Emperor, 245 n.
Surgeons, efficiency of Japanese, 441.
Sword-making, most sacred of crafts, 125, 154, 245-246.
Swords, wearing of, prohibited, 376.
Tables, mortuary, 42-43; Buddhist mortuary (ihai), 201.
Taira, rise and fall of the, 266-267.
Taishi, Shotoku, proclamation of, regarding politeness, 359-360.
Takatoki, sacrifical suicide by the sword originated by, 39.
Takayama, a Japanese Jesuit, 321.
Take-no-uji-no-Sukune, apotheosis of, 127.
"Tales of Old Japan", Mitford's, 247, 295.
Tattooing of slaves, 232.
Tea-ceremony, in Tokugawa period, 358-359.
Teachers, Buddhist priests as, 202-203; duties to, same as to
fathers, 294; salaries of, 412; relation of, to pupils, 422;
transformation stages in attitude of, pupils toward, 431-433.
Temmu, Emperor, decree of, forbidding use of meat, 196;
reorganization of castes by, 236; reign of, 237.
Temple of the Four Deva Kings at Osaka, 200.
Temples, Shinto, evolved from mourning-houses, 41; Shinto parish
dedicated to Uji-gods (Ujigami), 82-84; Shinto, of the first
grade, 121; Shinto, classification of, 123; forms of art in
Buddhist, 198-199; notable examples of, 200; schools connected
with, 203; Buddhist, burned by Jesuits, 306, 308; Shinto, in
Formosa, 388; number of Shinto, at present, 470; memorial
character of new, 470.
Terakoya, drama of, 291.
Thieves sentenced to slavery, 234.
Togo, Vice-Admiral, reply of, to Imperial message, 463.
Tokugawa, shogunate of, Japanese civilization reaches limit of
development under, 343. See Iyeyasu.
Tokyo, widespread poverty in, resulting from industrial
revolution, 446.
Tools, surprising shapes of, 7; sacredness of, 153.
Toshogu, Iyeyasu worshipped under name of, 127.
Trade, mean rank of those engaged in, 246. See Commerce.
Tragedy, Japanese, founded on fact, 290-291.
Ujigami, original relation of community to, 81-82; as clan-deities,
82-84; offences against, 88; relation of the individual to,
120-121; cults of, maintained, and not supplanted, by
Buddhism, 379.
Uneme-no-kami, Takenaka, 324.
University, students at the, 425-426.
Utensils, domestic, sacredness of, 153; art displayed in, 357.
Uyernon no Hyoge, decree concerning junshi disobeyed by, 285.
Variety to be found in Japanese form of civilization, 256-257.
Vendetta, religious origin for customs of, 295.
Vengeance, the duty of, 292-293; Iyeyasu's decree concerning code
of, 293.
Verb, etiquette governing uses of the, 171-172.
Vice, Iyeyasu on suppression of, 346-347.
Village-laws, peasants' 395-396.
Wages of maid-servants, 408.
"Wanderings of Cain", Coleridge's, 122.
War, ten centuries of, following rise of military power, 259-267;
against Korea, 277; with peasantry, 324-325; with Russia, 462-463.
Warfare, divination in, 152.
Way of the Buddha, the (Butsudo), 21.
Way of the Gods, the (Shinto), 21, 41.
Weddings, customs as to, 65-67; laws as to food at, 73; presents
at, 165-166.
Whipping, infrequency of now, as punishment, 421. See Punishments.
Wife, gradation of terms signifying, 171.
Wine, Buddhist forbids offerings of, 201.
Woman, tribute paid to the Japanese, 361-362.
Women, mourning rites intrusted to, 43; position of, in old
Japanese family, 73-74; as priestesses, 143; forms of speech
for use of, 172; methods of suicide for, 287; modern instances
of suicide by, 289, 290; duty of vengeance performed by, 293.
Worship, three forms of Shinto, 21-22 (See Ancestor-worship); of
Imperial ancestors, 108-109; of Sun-goddess, 109-110; at
shrines, 119; phallic, 132.
Yama, judge of the dead, 198-199.
Yamaguchi, land granted to Jesuits at. 332-333.
Yamato-damashi, "The Soul of Yamato", 159.
Yedo, obligatory residence of daimyo in, 278; Iyeyasu, the
founder of, 279.
Yeizan, Buddhist high priest, 351.
Yuriaku, Emperor, deaths inflicted by, for rudeness, 176.