The evolution theory, stretching from matter to man, is impossible,
because of many impassable gulfs. Some of these impassable gulfs
are:--
1. Between the living and non-living or dead matter;
2. Between the vegetable and the animal kingdoms;
3. Between the invertebrates and the vertebrates;
4. Between marine animals and amphibians;
5. Between amphibians and reptiles;
6. Between reptiles and birds;
7. Between reptiles and mammals;
8. Between mammals and the human body;
9. Between soulless simians and the soul of man, bearing the image of
God.
There is not a scrap of evidence that these gulfs have ever been
crossed. In the scheme, the material must become living by spontaneous
generation; some plants must become invertebrate animals; some
invertebrates must become vertebrates; some marine animals must become
amphibians; some amphibians must become reptiles; some reptiles must
become mammals; some mammals must become humans; some senseless,
soulless simians must acquire a soul and become spiritual enough to
bear the image of God.
There is no convincing proof that any of these great and incredible
advances were ever made. If we estimate the probability of each
transmutation at 10%, which is too high, then the probability that all
these changes up to man were made is .1 raised to the 8th
power, .00000001. Therefore, there is not more than one chance out of
100,000,000 that these 8 changes were made. And if we estimate the
probability of each great change at .001, which is doubtless still too
high, the probability that man took these 8 great steps of evolution
is one out of 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or a million,
million, million, million. If we estimate the probability of each
change even at 60%, which is far above all reason, the probability of
man's evolution through these 8 changes is only 1 out of 60, which
marks an improbability close to an impossibility. The highest estimate
we can reasonably make, destroys all hope that man or even any other
species could have come by evolution. Few persons realize how
improbable an event is made which depends upon a number of
possibilities or even probabilities, until calculated by the rule of
Compound Mathematical Probability.
Imagine the Copernican or the gravitation theory depending on a number
of possibilities or probabilities! No true theory is built on such an
uncertain foundation.
But, if the evolutionists could prove that 7 out of 8 of the great
changes certainly did occur, but failed to prove the 8th, they would
lose their case. But they have failed in all. They must prove all to
win. There is not the slightest probability that any one of these
changes ever occurred. Hence, the evolution of man from this long line
of alleged ancestors is an absolute impossibility. Q. E. D.
None of these changes is _now_ occurring. There is no spontaneous
generation now. Darwin himself said that spontaneous generation in the
past was "absolutely inconceivable." No reptiles are becoming
mammals, none becoming birds, no apes or monkeys are becoming men. No
species is now transmuted into another, no new species arises. Is not
this proof enough that such great changes never occurred?
Moreover, if dead matter caused one living germ, why did it not cause
more? If some reptiles developed into mammals, and birds, why not all?
If one family of simians became human, why not others? Why not at
least become anthropoids? Why did all other members of the simian
family not become at least part human? Why have they remained
stationary?
Besides, we have with us yet the invertebrates that have not yet
become vertebrates; marine animals that have not become amphibians;
amphibians that have not become reptiles; reptiles that have become
neither mammals nor birds, and a multitude of simians that have not
become human, and are not moving toward man either in bodily form or
intelligence or spirituality. We have the one-celled amoeba, the
microscopic animals, and the lowest forms of animal life. If the great
law of progress and advancement to higher forms has prevailed for so
many million years, there should be none but the highest species. All
should have reached the status of human beings and there should be
none of the lower forms of life which are so abundant. Changes so
radical and vast, stretching through so many ages, would require
millions of connecting links. If reptiles became hairy mammals, we
would expect fossils of thousands, if not millions, in the transition
state. If some reptiles were changed into the 12,000 species of birds,
we would expect countless fossils, part reptile, part bird. Only one
is claimed, the archæopteryx (ancient bird), two specimens of which
are known, which had a feathered tail, and which is only a slight
modification of other birds. Many other birds have departed farther
from the normal. There should be millions of fossils in the transition
state if the theory were true. We have proven elsewhere that there is
no credible evidence of links connecting man with the monkey family.
There would have been many millions. We have shown, at length, that
some of these great changes, especially the Evolution of man from the
brute, could never have occurred. No one of these nine great advances
was ever made, but it will suffice to examine now, as examples, two
alleged great changes, reptiles into mammals, and reptiles into birds.
1. Evolutionists say that mammals are descended from some reptiles,
unknown, of course, and birds from others, also unknown. Mammals
differ from reptiles in having breasts (Latin, mammae), a four
chambered heart instead of three, a coat of hair or fur or wool, and a
womb for the young. The temperature of the blood of reptiles is as low
as 60 and even 40 degrees, since the temperature of the blood is about
the same as the environment, sometimes approaching the freezing point.
But mammals have a temperature approaching 100°. We are to believe
that one progressive branch of reptiles, which passed through the
sieve of natural selection, during the Permian Ice Age, was capable of
being adapted to the colder climate. But this mighty chasm between
reptiles and mammals was crossed unaided by any external interference,
unaided by God; then the mammals groped their way, without
intelligence or design, up to man! The difficulties are too great to
satisfy the serious student. No satisfactory explanation has been
given. No fossils, part reptile, part mammal, have been found. We
would naturally expect millions of them. Evidently none ever
existed. How could such radical changes be brought about? What caused
the development of hair, fur and wool? The change in the heart, and
the temperature, the formation of the mammae and of the womb? There
is no evidence of such change. But it is necessary to the scheme.
2. Some reptiles became birds, they say; whether a pair for each of
the 12,000 species of birds or one pair for all, we can not learn. For
nobody knows. They would like for us to believe that these
cold-blooded reptiles with a temperature of 40 to 60 degrees became
birds with a temperature as high as 107; that wings and feathers were
developed, which must have been perfectly useless through the long
ages during which they were developing; that the wonderful
contrivances in the wings and feathers were made by senseless reptiles
that did not know what they were doing. Reptiles have a
three-chambered heart, making them cold-blooded. Birds have a
four-chambered heart, and a temperature higher than that of
man. Reptiles left their eggs to hatch in the sun. Birds, by a fine
instinct, built their nests with care. Some reptiles have 4 feet, some
2, some none. All birds have two feet. The bird's structure is so well
suited for flight and shows the marks of design so clearly, that the
clumsy aeroplane is but a poor imitation. Yet to link the 12,000
species of birds to their unknown reptilian ancestors, they show us
two fossils of the archæopteryx, as the sum total of the evidence
showing the transition from reptiles to birds. The fossil varies
slightly but not essentially from other birds. It has a feathered
tail, some teeth and claws. It is probably not a connecting link at
all, and if it were, we would expect a million fossils of connecting
links. All these nine transmutations are devoid of a single sure
connecting link, when we would expect millions in every case. These
facts prove that evolution is a delusion and an absurdity.