Statistics
The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north
latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the
country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of
Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡
26’ west longitude. From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the
coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay. The total coast line on the
Pacific is 1200 miles.
The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point
Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada
line. It is narrowest between Golden Gate and the southern end of Lake
Tahoe. Its area is 158,297 sq. miles, second only to Texas of all the
states.
The population of California, according to the United States census
of 1920, is 3,426,861, which has since been greatly increased. The
following table shows the counties of the State:--
Counties of California
Area Population Valuation
Name Origin and Meaning of Name
Sq. Mi. 1920 1910 of Property County Seat
Alameda Sp., Shaded promenade
764 344,127 246,131 128,681,766 Oakland
Alpine
710 243 309 422,063 Markleeville
Amador Sp., Sweetheart
632 7,793 9,086 4,918,908 Jackson
Butte Fr., Rounded, detached hill
1,660 30,030 27,301 16,057,766 Oroville
Calaveras Sp., Skul’s (from Indian battle ground)
1,080 6,183 9,171 6,177,285 San Andreas
Colusa Ind.
1,088 9,290 7,732 12,188,096 Colusa
Contra Costa Sp., Opposite coast
728 53,889 31,674 21,753,956 Martinez
Del Norte Sp., Of the North
992 2,759 2,417 2,882,445 Crescent City
Eldorado Sp., The gilded (name given to fabled land of gold)
1,796 6,426 7,492 4,668,840 Placerville
Fresno Sp., Ash tree
6,152 128,779 75,657 34,302,205 Fresno
Glenn
1,270 11,853 7,172 10,645,524 Willow
Humboldt (named for Baron von Humboldt)
3,496 37,413 33,857 24,911,492 Eureka
Imperial
4,200 43,383 13,591 El Centro
Inyo
10,294 7,031 6,974 2,316,319 Independence
Kern
8,050 54,843 37,715 24,050,871 Bakersfield
Kings
1,176 22,032 16,230 7,883,009 Hanford
Lake
1,328 5,402 5,526 3,258,020 Lakeport
Lassen
4,520 8,507 4,802 4,590,748 Susanville
Los Angeles Sp., The angels
4,200 936,438 504,132 169,268,166 Los Angeles
Madera Sp., Timber
2,062 12,203 8,368 6,732,495 Madera
Marin Ind.
549 27,342 25,114 14,489,582 San Rafael
Mariposa Sp., Butterfly
1,510 2,775 3,956 2,270,246 Mariposa
Mendocino Sp., (from Mendoza, viceroy of Mexico)
3,626 24,116 23,929 13,131,995 Ukiah
Merced Sp., Mercy
1,932 24,579 15,148 14,877,086 Merced
Modoc Ind.
3,741 5,425 6,191 4,076,680 Alturas
Mono Sp., Monkey, or pretty
3,020 960 2,042 1,151,109 Bridgeport
Monterey Sp., King’s forest
3,340 27,980 24,146 18,962,554 Salinas
Napa Ind.
780 20,678 19,800 13,840,291 Napa
Nevada Sp., Heavy fall of snow
972 10,850 14,955 7,203,349 Nevada City
Orange (named for its chief product)
750 61,375 34,436 13,812 Santa Ana
Placer Sp., Loose (from placer mines)
1,365 18,584 18,237 9,677,724 Auburn
Plumas Sp., Feathers
2,694 5,681 5,259 2,792,091 Quincy
Riverside
7,323 50,297 34,696 16,373,296 Riverside
Sacramento Sp., The Sacrament
1,000 90,978 67,806 41,333,337 Sacramento
San Benito Sp., St. Benedict
1,388 8,995 8,041 6,499,068 Hollister
San Bernardino Sp., St. Bernard
19,947 73,401 56,706 21,392,228 San Bernardino
San Diego Sp., St. James
4,278 112,248 61,665 20,807,594 San Diego
San Francisco Sp., St. Francis (of Assisi)
47 506,676 416,912 564,070,301 San Francisco
San Joaquin Sp., name of a saint
1,396 79,905 50,732 34,740,353 Stockton
San Luis Obispo Sp., St. Louis the Bishop
3,310 21,893 19,383 13,680,235 San Luis Obispo
San Mateo Sp., St. Matthew
434 36,781 26,585 18,999,564 Redwood City
Santa Barbara Sp., St. Barbara
2,632 41,097 27,738 18,849,976 Santa Barbara
Santa Clara Sp., name of a saint
1,286 100,588 83,539 61,390,817 San Jose
Santa Cruz Sp., Holy Cross
424 26,269 26,240 12,560,071 Santa Cruz
Shasta Fr., Chaste, pure
3,876 13,311 18,920 10,902,036 Redding
Sierra Sp., Sawtoothed Ridge
960 1,783 4,098 1,844,560 Downieville
Siskiyou
5,991 13,545 18,801 10,560,650 Treks
Solano Sp., name of a mission
900 40,602 27,559 20,195,481 Fairfield
Sonoma Ind., Valley of the Moon
1,620 51,990 48,394 30,380,419 Santa Rosa
Stanislaus
1,456 43,557 22,522 12,834,108 Modesto
Sutter (named for J. A. Sutter)
622 10,115 6,328 6,621,047 Yuba City
Tehama
3,008 12,882 11,401 11,674,562 Red Bluff
Trinity
3,282 2,552 3,301 1,651,362 Weaverville
Tulare Sp., Reed-covered
4,952 59,032 35,440 17,447,042 Visalia
Tuolumne Ind., Stone wigwams
2,208 7,768 9,979 7,089,725 Sonora
Ventura Sp.
1,722 28,724 18,347 11,171,219 Ventura
Yolo Ind., Rushes
996 17,105 13,926 17,640,436 Woodland
Yuba Sp., Uba, wild grapes
636 10,375 10,042 5,898,350 Marysville
List of Governors
Gaspar de Portola, April, 1769
Pedro Fages, July, 1770
Fernando Rivera y Moncada, May 25, 1774
Felipe de Neve, Feb. 3, 1777
Pedro Fages, Sept. 1O, 1782
Jose Romeu, April 16, 1791
Jose Arrillaga, April 9, 1792
Diego de Borica, May 14, 1794
Jose Arrillaga, Jan. 16, 1800
Jose Arguello, July 24, 1814
Pablo de Sola, March 31, 1815
California became province of the Mexican Empire, April 11, 1822
Luis Arguello, Nov. 10, 1822, First native Governor.
March 26, 1825, California became province of Mexican Republic.
Jose Maria Echeandia, Nov. 8, 1825
Manuel Victoria, Jan. 31, 1831
Jose Maria Echeandia, Dec. 6, 1831
Jose Figueroa, Jan. 15, 1833
Jose Castro, Sept. 29, 1835
Nicolas Gutierrez, Jan. 2, 1836
Mariano Chico, May 3, 1836
Nicolas Gutierrez, Sept. 6, 1836
Jose Castro, Nov. 5, 1836
Juan B. Alvarado, Dec. 7, 1836
Manuel Micheltorena, Dec. 31, 1842
Pio Pico, Feb. 22, 1845, to Aug. 10, 1846, end of Mexican rule.
The following were Governors under Military Rule, U.S.A.
John D. Sloat, July 7, 1846
Robert F. Stockton, July 29, 1846
John C. Fremont, Military Governor, Jan. 19, 1847, for 50 days
Stephen W. Kearny, Military Governor, March to May 31, 1847
R. B. Mason, Military Governor, May 31, 1847
Persifer F. Smith, Military Governor, Feb. 28, 1849
Bennet Riley, April 12, 1849
Peter H. Burnett, Dec. 20, 1849, First State Governor, Democratic,
received 6716 votes, total vote, 12,064.
John McDougall, Lieutenant Governor, became Governor Jan. 9, 1851,
Democrat
John Bigler, Jan. 8, 1852, Democrat
John Bigler, Jan. 7, 1854, Democrat
John Neely Johnson, Jan. 9, 1856, American Party
John B. Weller, Jan. 8, 1858, Democrat
Milton S. Latham, Jan. 9, 1860, Democrat
John G. Downey (Lieutenant Governor), inaugurated Jan. 14, 1860,
Democrat
Leland Stanford, Jan. 10, 1862, Republican
Frederick F. Low, Dec. 10, 1863, Union Party
Henry H. Haight, Dec. 5, 1867, Democrat
Newton Booth, Dec. 8, 1871, Republican
Romualdo Pacheco (Lieutenant Governor), inaugurated Feb. 27, 1875,
Republican (native state Governor)
William Irwin, Dec. 8, 1875, Democrat
Geo. C. Perkins, Jan. 8, 1880, Republican
Geo. Stoneman, Jan. 10, 1883, Democrat
Washington Bartlett, Jan. 8, 1887, Democrat
Robert W. Waterman (Lieutenant Governor), inaugurated Sept. 13, 1887,
Republican
H. H. Markham, Jan. 8, 1891, Republican
James H. Budd, Jan. II, 1895, Democrat
Henry T. Gage, Jan. 4, 1899, Republican
Geo. C. Pardee, Jan. 7, 1903, Republican
James N. Gillett, Jan. 9, 1907, Republican
Hiram W. Johnson, January, 1911, Republican; reelected on Progressive
ticket, 1914
William D. Stephens (Lieutenant Governor), inaugurated March 15, 1917,
Progressive
Electoral Vote
1852, Democratic, 4 votes
1856, Democratic, 4 votes
1860, Republican, 4 votes
1864, Republican, 5 votes
1868, Republican, 5 votes
1872, Republican, 6 votes
1876, Republican, 6 votes
1880 Republican, 1 vote
Democratic, 5 votes
1884, Republican, 8 votes
1888, Republican, 8 votes
1892, Republican, 1 vote
Democratic, 8 votes
1896, Republican, 8 votes
Democratic, People’s and Silver parties, 1 vote
1900, Republican, 9 votes
1904, Republican, 9 votes
1908, Republican, to votes
1912, Democratic, 2 votes
Progressive, 11 votes
1916, Democratic, 13 votes
1920, Republican, 13 votes
Bibliography
Bancroft--“History of California,” vols. I, II, Ill, IV, V, VI, VII.
Bancroft--“California Pastoral.”
Bancroft--“History of North Mexican States.”
Hittell--“History of California,” vols. I, II, III, IV.
Royce--“History of California.”
Blackmar--“Spanish Institutions of the Southwest.”
Montalvo--“Sergas of Esplandian.” Translator, E. E. Hale, Atlantic
Monthly, Vol. XIII, p. 265.
Vancouver--“Voyage of Discovery to the Pacific Ocean,” vol. III.
Geronimo Boscano--“Chinigchinich,” “History of Mission Indians.”
Translator,
Alfred Robinson--“Life in California.”
Francisco Palou--“Life of Fray Junipero Serra.”
Junipero Serra--“Diary.” Translated in magazine Out West, March-July,
1902.
Hakluyt--“Drake’s Voyages.”
Vanegas--“History of California.”
Davis--“Sixty Years in California.”
Colton--“Three Years in California.”
Fremont--“Memoirs.”
Sherman--“Memoirs.” Century Magazine, vols. 41-42.
Stoddard--“In the Footsteps of the Padres.”
Lummis--“The Right Hand of the Continent.” Series, Out West Magazine,
1903.
Lummis--” Spanish Pioneers.”
Jackson--“A Century of Dishonor.”
Jackson--“Ramona.”
California Book of Louisiana Purchase Exposition.
Index
Abalone, 22
Acapulco, 68
Admission to the Union, 179-182
Adobe, 93
Alameda, 182
Alaska, 214
Alba, 110
Alcalde, 104, 108, 173, 174
Alfalfa, 244
Afileria, 209
Alta, 86
Alvarado, 125, 133, 134, 136
American government of California, 173-179
American River, 150
Americans in California, 129, 134, 140-146, 149
Anaheim, settled, 212
Anian, Strait of, 53, 62
Apricots, 256
Area, 289
Arguello, Captain Lulls, 128, 131, 132
Arguello family, 145
Arroyo Seco, 97, 146
Ascension, Padre, 8, 670
Atole, 94
Avalon, 68
Ayala, Lieutenant, 88
Bahia, 249
Bailey, W. F., quoted, 185
Bananas, 257
Bancroft, quoted, 206
Bandini, aids Americans, 145
Bandini, Dona Arcadia, quoted, 137
Bandini, Mrs., makes flag, 146
Barley, 255
Bautista, 134
Bear Flag Republic, 142
Beets, 260
Belmont Military Academy, 287
Benitite, 277
Benton, Senator, 182, 195
Berkeley, State University at, 283
Bidwell, quoted, 166
Bolero, 116
Bonito, 22
Borax, 276
British, visit California, 130
Broderick, David C., 190, 191
Buffalo Bill, 186
Burbank, Luther, 262-266
Burnett, Peter, 181
Butte County, oranges in, 247
Cable, Pacific, 225
Cabo de Pinos, 55
Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez, 48-56, 72
Cacafuegos, 60
Cactus, 265
Cahuenga, treaty of, 146, 148
Calaveras grove, 235
Calhoun, 179
California, area of, 289
California, climate of, 13-18
California, geography of, 13,14
California, name, origin of, 11, 12
California Column, 198
California Lancers, 193
Californite, 276
Camisa, 116
Canneries, 257, 260, 261
Cape Mendocino, 67
Capitol, 204
Carmelo River, 71, 87
Carmenon, Sebastin, explorations of, 67
Carne seco, 101
Carquinez, Strait of, 14
Carreta, 116, 118, 213
Carrillo, in convention, 177
Castillo, Domingo, map of, 12
Castro, General, 139, 140, 142
Cattle raising, 108, 113
Celery, 256
Central Pacific Railroad, 197-201
Chagres, Panama, 163
Chamisso, Albert von, 182
Chapman, 125, 126
Cherries, 262
China, war with Japan, 223
Chinese, in California, 202, 203
Chinese, work on railroad, 198
Chinigchinich, 25, 33-36, 45, 47
Chippa, 43-45
Cholos, 138
Cigaritos, 109
Citron, 246, 256
Civil War, 180, 189-194
Clay, Henry, 178
Cleeta, 19-29, 45-47
Climate, 13-18
Club wheat, 242
Cody, Mr., 186
Coloma, mill near, 150
Columbia, and Panama Canal, 222
Colony days, 211-214
Colton, Rev. Walter, 173, 174
Colton, quoted, 203
Comandante, 136
Comstock mine, 271
Concepcion de Arguello, 130, 131
Conquest of California, 139-146
Constitution of 1849, 178
Constitution of 1879, 203
Constitutional Convention of 1849, 177
Cooper, Ellwood, 262
Copper mining, 276
Corn, 244
Coronel, Don Ignacio, school of, 280
Cortez, Hernando, 12, 53, 74
Cotopacnic, 46
Counties, 290, 291
Cradle, used in mining, 158
Crespi, Juan, 75, 100
Crocker, Charles, 197-199
Cuatrito, 117
Cuchuma, 22, 26, 32, 35, 45
Cushiony scale, 250
Day, Sherman, 284
Debris, 268
Del Valle, Reginaldo, 288
Dewey, Commodore, in Spanish war, 217
Dios, 110
Dolores mission, 88
Donner party, 167
Dragontea, 57
Drake, Sir Francis, 57-66, 12, 73
Drakes Bay, 63
Dress of early Californians, 115, 116
Dried fruits, 260
Drift mining, 269
Dulce, 258.
Earthquake (1906), 225-228
El Camino Real, 95
El Refugio, 125
Empire mine, 274
England, explorations, 59-66
Escuela, 279
Explorations, 48-73, 81-83
Farallones, 81
Farmer’s Institute, 285
Ferrelo, 56, 57, 85
Festivals, 126
Fiesta, 126
Figs, 260
Flores, General, 146
Flour trade, 243
Forests, 229-236
Forty-niners, 156, 172
Fremont, Captain, 139-143, 146
Fremont, dispute with Kearny, 148, 149
Fremont, elected senator, 178
Fremont, explorations, 139, 107, 195
Fremont, on land question, 182
French, visit California, 129
Frijoles, 98
Fruit, 246-263
Fruit, canned, 257, 260
Fruit, crystallized, 261
Fruit, dried, 260
Fruit, preserved, 258
Fugitive Slave Law, 190
Galli, Francisco, 66
Galvez, Jose de, 75-78, 84, 87
Gems, 276
Gente de razon, 124
Gentiles, 80
Gesnip, 19-33, 38-47
Gicamas, 70
Gigantea, 234
Gillespie, 140, 143, 146
Gold, discovered, 147, 151, 155
Gold, early mining, 154-160
Gold, modern mines, 267-271, 274
Golden Hind, ship, 66
Governors, list of, 292
Graham, 133, 134
Grain, 238-245
Grape fruit, 252
Grapes, 254, 258-260
Guam, 225
Gwin, in convention, 177
Gwin, senator, 178, 189, 190, 281
Hague, 220, 221
Harte, Bret, 180, 200
Harvester, 240
Hawaii, 218-220, 225
Hearst, Mrs. Phoebe, 283, 285
Hecox, Mrs., quoted, 171
Hittell, quoted, 205
Hopkins, Mark, 197
Huntington, Collis P., 197, 198
Huntington, H. E., 239
Hydraulic mining, 160, 268, 269
Ide, 141.
Immigration after 1848, 156, 161-172
Indian Bar, 184
Indians, aborigines, 19-47, 54, 63, 64
Indians, baskets, 43-45
Indians, boats, 39
Indians, clothing, 21, 31, 32, 33, 43, 63
Indians, food, 28, 29, 38, 42, 45-47
Indians, houses, 26
Indians, hunting, 23-25, 42, 43
Indians, myths, 80, 45
Indians, worship, 33-36
Indians in Santa Catalina, 70
Indians, mission, 91-105, 127
Indians, on ranches, 110-112
Indians, recent history, 206-208
Irrigation, 245, 252-255
Isadora, 138
Isbell, Mrs. Oliver Mann, 280
Jacal, 26
Japan, 223-225
Jesuits in New Spain, 76
Jiminez, 53
Jones, Commodore, 136, 137
Jones, W. C., 182
Jordan, President, 287
Juan, 48, 51, 52, 56
Judah, Theodore D., 196-198.
Kahhoom, 43-45
Kearny, General Stephen, 145, 148, 149
Kern River, electric power from, 278
Kindergartens, 282
King, Thomas Starr, 192
Klamath, 37, 38
Korea, 223
Kotzebue, Otto von, 132
Kunzite, 276
Ladybird, 250
La Fiesta, 126
Laguna rancho, battle of, 146
Laguna rancho, sheep on, 210
Land question, 182, 183
La Perouse, 129
La Posesion, 55
La Purisima mission, 89
Larkin, consul, 136, 137,139, 284
Leland Stanford Junior University, 285-287
Lemons, 245, 251
Lick Observatory, 284
Lollah, 30
Lopez, Juan, 147
Lorne, Marquis of, quoted, 262
Los Angeles, beginnings of, 107, 108.
Los Angeles, captured by Americans, 143
Los Angeles, church built by Chapman, 125
Los Angeles, during Civil War, 194
Los Angeles, in colony days, 213
Los Angeles, Kern River power, 278
Los Angeles, old palms in, 144
Los Angeles, State Normal School, 283
Lumber, 229-236
Lummis. Charles F., author, 249
Macana, 22, 27, 28, 31, 32, 37, 38, 41, 42, 44, 46
Machado, Agustin, 122
McKinley, President, 218, 220
Maestro, 113
Mahan, Captain, quoted, 220
Malaga, 256
Manchuria, 223
Mandarin orange, 248
Manila, cable to, 225
Manila, trade, 67, 74, 77
Manila Bay, battle, 217
Marin County, 226
Mariposa grove, 234
Marshall, James, 150-153
Mason, Colonel, 149, 154
Mayor domo, 110
Mendocino, Cape, 67
Mendoza, 72
Merced River, 160. 111
Mexican government of California, 124
Mexico, dispute over Plus Fund, 221
Mexico, revolt against Spain, 122, 124
Mexico, war with the United States, 134-135, 140, 174
Micheltorena, Governor, 137
Millay, 48
Mills College, 287
Mines, modern, 267-277
Missions, 76-105
Missions, aid government, 123
Missions, irrigation, 252
Missions, orchards, 257, 258
Missions, schools at, 279
Missions, secularized, 103-105, 126
Missions, wheat raising, 237-239
Modocs, 208
Monterey, attacked by pirate, 125
Monterey, captured by Jones, 186, 137
Monterey, captured by Sloat, 143
Monterey, mission founded at, 85
Monterey, presidio of, 87
Monterey Bay, discovered, 55, 71
Monterey Bay, Portola at, 81
Mountains, 18-16
Muchachas, 110, 112
Muchchos, 110
Murphy, Virginia Reed, quoted, 168
Muscat grape, 258
Mussel Slough District, 201
Nahal, 31
Nakin, 29, 47
Native Sons of the Golden West, 205
Navel orange, 248-250
Nevada City, 274
Neve, Felipe de, 107
New Albion, 64
New Almaden, quicksilver mines, 276
Nihie, 35, 36
No-fence law, 211
Nopal, 29, 32-36, 40, 41, 43
Normal schools, 283
Nuts, 257, 261, 262
Oats, 255
Ojai, 287
Olives, 246, 255, 261
Ollas, 22, 26, 85
Oranges, 246-254
Oregon, voyage of the, 216, 217
Oregon Country, 135
Ortega, discovers San Francisco bay, 82, 83
Ortega, rancho attacked, 125
Otter hunting, 132, 183
Outdoor life, 17, 18
Outlaws, 214
Pacheco, Governor, 205
Pacific cable, 225
Pacific Ocean, importance of, 18, 217
Padres, 51, See Missions
Pala, chapel, 89
Palou, Francisco, 75, 79, 88, 100
Panama Canal, 221
Panocha, 120
Papas pequenos, 70
Pasadena, settled, 212
Pastorel, 97
Patio, 94
Patron, 111
Patrona, 110, 112
Payuchi, 25-47
Pepe, 49, 50
Pesos, 60
Petroleum, 276
Peyri, 95, 96
Philippine trade, 58, 71-78, 201
Philippines, 217, 218
Pico, General Andres, 145, 146, 148
Pinos, Point, 55, 71, 80, 81
Pius Fund, 76, 220
Placer mines, 347, 158, 268
Plaza, 107
Pocket, in placer mining, 180
Pomato, 265
Pomelo, 252
Pony express, 185-188
Port Costa, wheat grader at, 243
Portola, Captain, 77-80, 88-85
Prairie schooner, 170
Preserved fruit, 258
Presidios, 85, 108
Prunes, 262, 266
Pueblos, 106-108
Pumpkin, preserved, 258
Quartz mining, 270
Quicksilver, 276
Railroad, 196-201, 205, 206
Rainfall, 14, 16
Raisins, 250, 258-260
Ramirez, 177
Ranch life, 109-127
Rancheros, 121, 122, 183
Ranches, modern, 262
Ranchos, 109
Rebosa, 118
Reyes, Point, 67, 81-88
Rezanof, Count, 130, 181
Rhubarb, 205
Riley, Governor, 176
Riverside, founded, 212
Riverside, oranges at, 247, 249, 250
Robinson, Alfred, quoted, 257
Rodeo, 113, 114
Roosevelt, 222, 224, 225
Ross, Fort, 131, 133
Routes to California, 101-172
Rurik, ship, 182
Russia, sells Alaska, 215
Russia, war with Japan, 224
Russians in California, 131-133
Sacramento, founded, 133
Sacramento, pony express at, 186
Sacramento, railroad begun, 198
Sacramento valley, 239, 269
St. John de Anton, 61
St. Michael orange, 248
Sal, Point, 130
Salinas River, 189
San Agustin, 67
San Antonio mission, 87
San Antonio, ship, 79, 83-85
San Benito County, benitite in, 277
San Bernardino County, gems in, 276
San Bruno, 182
San Buenaventura mission, 89, 99
San Buenaventura mission, fruit trees, 246, 257
San Carlos, ship, 79, 88, 287
San Carlos de Borromeo mission, 85, 86, 100, 120
San Diego, captured by Americans, 143-146
San Diego Bay, discovered, 50, 68
San Diego mission, 80, 92
San Diego mission, fruit trees, 248
San Diego mission, Indian revolt, 102
San Diego mission, wheat, 287
San Diego presidio, 108
San Diego, ship, 68
San Fernando mines, 148
San Fernando mission, 89,90
San Fernando mission, brandy, 257
San Fernando mission, fruit trees, 246
San Francisco, city named, 153
San Francisco, disorder in (Vigilantes), 184
San Francisco, during Civil War, 192, 198
San Francisco, earthquake and fire, 226-228
San Francisco, gold excitement, 158, 154
San Francisco, growth after 1848, 156
San Francisco, in war of 1898, 218
San Francisco, kindergartens, 282
San Francisco, pony express at, 186
San Francisco, Sutro baths, etc., 273, 274
San Francisco Bay, discovered, 88, 87, 88
San Francisco mission, 87, 88
San Francisco presidio, 108
San Gabriel mission, 87,90
San Gabriel mission, Chapman at, 125, 120
San Gabriel mission, mill at, 239
San Gabriel mission, orchards, 246, 257
San Gabriel mission, wheat, 237
San Gabriel River, battle of, 146
San Joaquin Valley, 239, 247, 269
San Jose, beginnings of, 107
San Jose, early school at, 280
San Jose, earthquake, 226
San Jose mission, 89, 121
San Jose mission, Indian revolt, 102
San Jose, ship, 83
San Juan Bautista mission, 89
San Juan Capistrano mission, 89, 98
San Juan Capistrano mission, attacked by pirate, 125
San Luis Obispo mission, 87
San Luis Obispo Polytechnic School, 282
San Luis Rey mission, 89, 95
San Mateo, 182
San Miguel, Cabrillo at, 50, 55-57
San Miguel mission, 89, 123
San Pasqual, battle, 145, 146
San Pedro, Bay-of, discovered, 54, 71
San Rafael mission, 89
San Salvador, 53
San Tomas, ship, 68, 71, 72
Sanchez, Padre, 246
Sanitary Commission, 192
Santa Barbara mission, 89
Santa Barbara mission, fruit trees, 246
Santa Barbara presidio, 108
Santa Catalina, 22
Santa Catalina, discovered, 53, 68
Santa Clara College, 288
Santa Clara mission, 89
Santa Clara mission, Indian revolt, 102
Santa Clara mission, orchards, 257
Santa Clara mission, school at, 280
Santa Cruz, town founded, 107
Santa Cruz mission, 80
Santa Fe, 78
Santa Inez mission, 89
Santa Inez mission, fruit trees, 246
Santa Rosa, 226, 264, 266
Saunders, and navel oranges, 249
Scale, orange, 250, 251
School taxes, 282
Schools, early, 113, 279-281
Schools, modern, 281-288
Sempervirens, 230, 234
Senor, 56, 133
Senora, 213
Senorita, 213
Sequoias, 230-235
Sequoya League, 208
Serra, Junipero, 75-80, 83-88, 102
Serra, Junipero, death of, 100
Serra, Junipero, work of, 91, 92
Seward, 179, 214, 215
Shasta, oranges in, 247
Shasta, Mount, 275
Sheep Industry, 209-211
Sherman, Wm. T., 149, 151, 164
“Shirley,” quoted, 184
Sholoc, 22-82, 85, 36, 89, 46, 47
Shumeh, 31
Sierra Nevada, 14, 16, 56, 100, 282
Slavery struggle, 175-179, 190
Sloat, Commodore, 142, 148
Soil, 16, 18
Solano mission, 89
Soledad mission, 89
Sombrero, 111
Sonoma, captured, 141
South Sea, 58
Southern Pacific Railroad, 201,290
Spain, colonies, 75, 77
Spain, colonies, explorations, 48-57, 66-73, 81-83
Spain, colonies, revolt against, 122, 124
Spain, colonies, trade laws, 119-122
Spanish government of California, 77, 122
Spanish-American War, 215-219
Stampede of 1849, 161
Stanford, Leland, gifts for education, 283, 286
Stanford, Leland, governor, 193
Stanford, Leland, railroad work, 197-200
Stanford, Mrs. Leland, 283, 286
Stanford, Thomas Weldon, 287
Stanford University, 285-287
Steamboat, first in California, 155
Stearns, Don Abel, 137, 147, 148
Stock raising, 108, 113
Stockton, Commodore, 143, 146, 148
Stockton, grain center, 242
Sugar, 260
Sultana grape, 239
Sutro, Adolph, 271-274
Sutro baths, 273, 274
Sutter, Captain John, 133, 150-152
Sutter’s Fort, 133
Sutter’s mill, 150, 153
Tamales, 209
Tangerine orange, 248
Telegraph, 195
Texas, 134, 135
Thatcher School, 287
Throop Polytechnic School, 287
Tibbetta, Mrs., and navel oranges, 249
Titas, 45
Tomales, 226
Tortilla, 93,111, 244
Trade, early, 119-122
Tres Re yes, ship, 68, 82, 83
Trist, 175
Tsuwish, 43, 45
Tuscon, 206
Tulare County, products, 247, 276
Tules, 30, 31, 35, 39, 40
Tuolumne grove, 284
Union Pacific Railroad, 197-201
United States, conquers California, 134-146
University of California, 283-285
Valencia late orange, 248
Vallejo, General, 125
Vallejo, General, captured, 141
Vallejo, General, in convention, 177
Vallejo, General, loses land, 183
Vallejo, General, quoted, 118, 148
Vallejo, Senorita Guadalupe, quoted 118, 121, 183, 257
Vancouver, Captain, 130
Vancouver, Captain, quoted, 257
Vanquech, 35
Vaquero, 111
Vasques, 214
Vegetables, 256, 257, 261
Ventura, Cabrillo at, 54
Vera Cruz, 74, 75
Vigilantes, 184, 185
Vizcaino, Don Sebastian, explorations of, 68-73
Wash-day expedition, 118
Webster, Daniel, 176, 179
Westminster, settled, 212
Wheat, 237-245, 255
Wheeler, Benjamin Ide, 284
White, Stephen M., 288
Whitman, Walt, quoted, 219
Wiggin, Kate Douglas, 282
Willey, Rev. Samuel, 284
Wolfskill grove, 246
Yerba Buena, 152
Yosemite, 238
Zanja, 94
End of Project Gutenberg’s History of California, by Helen Elliott Bandini