Mars is our nearest neighbor, next to the moon, and the question as to
whether or not life is possible upon its surface is of interest to
us because, with the advent of wireless telegraphy, it is possible
that “communication” with beings upon that planet might be some day
established--provided they exist!
The so-called “canals” on Mars have long been the subject of popular
debate. It has been proved that great fields of ice form at the north
and south poles, during the winter time. In spring, these ice-fields
melt, and, in view of the scarcity of water on Mars, it has been
suggested that the inhabitants of that planet have utilized this
supply, by constructing vast canals, which would conduct this water
over the surface of their globe, for the purpose of irrigation. It
was, of course, pointed out that these canals would have to be miles
in width, in order to be visible from our earth. But, to this, it was
replied that what is seen are not the canals themselves, but great
stretches of vegetation, which exist on either side of the canals, as
water flows through them.
The geometrical regularity of these markings seems to point to their
construction by thinking beings; but it must be admitted that not all
astronomers agree upon this point, and that many of them have been
unable to “see” what others claim they have perceived clearly.
The question as to whether living beings like ourselves could exist
upon the surface of Mars is in reality part of a larger question,
namely--is life possible at all upon its surface? Now, we know that
living bodies require water, a certain temperature, and a certain
atmosphere in order to render their existence possible. Do these
conditions exist upon Mars?
Take, first, the question of temperature. Life is possible only between
certain narrow limits. These are the freezing and boiling points of
water. The mean, annual temperature on our earth is considerably above
the freezing point of water, while the mean annual temperature on
Mars falls below it. At the same time, the greatest summer heat is
considerably above the freezing point--so that life would be possible
at such times. If, therefore, the inhabitants of Mars have somehow
learned to keep themselves warm during the long period of cold, it is
possible that they might exist upon its surface.
Water is extremely scarce upon Mars. Being a smaller planet than ours,
it has dried-up more completely. Our own earth is gradually losing
its water supply, and in time will lose it completely. It is because
of this fact (that water is so scarce) that the “canals” have been
built--provided they are such. The surface of Mars is covered with vast
stretches of sandy desert, which give to this planet its characteristic
red glow. It is possible, therefore, that, with due economy, the amount
of water on Mars might be sufficient to sustain life.
As to its atmosphere, it is much deeper than that of our earth, but
might be of a character capable of supporting life.
Scientifically, therefore, it is probable that life on Mars might be
possible, and the question remains--is it a fact? Investigations which
will be undertaken in 1924 may prove this to us, one way or the other,
decisively.