The general plan of the laboratory and the distribution of the
calorimeters and accessory apparatus are shown in fig. 1. The double
doors lead from the main hall into the room. In general, it is planned
to conduct all the chemical and physical observations as near the center
of the laboratory as possible, hence space has been reserved for
apparatus through the center of the room from south to north. The
calorimeters are on either side. In this way there is the greatest
economy of space and the most advantageous arrangement of apparatus.
At present two calorimeters are completed, one under construction, and
two others are planned. The proposed calorimeters are to be placed in
the spaces inclosed by dotted lines. Of the calorimeters that are
completed, the so-called chair calorimeter, which was the first built,
is in the middle of the west side of the room, and immediately to the
north of it is the bed calorimeter, already tested and in actual use. On
the east side of the room it is intended to place large calorimeters,
one for continuous experiments extending over several days and the other
large enough to take in several individuals at once and to have
installed apparatus and working machinery requiring larger space than
that furnished by any of the other calorimeters. Near the chair
calorimeter a special calorimeter with treadmill is shortly to be built.
The heat insulation of the room is shown by the double windows and the
heavy construction of the doors other than the double doors. On entering
the room, the two calorimeters are on the left, and, as arranged at
present, both calorimeters are controlled from the one platform, on
which, is placed the observer's table, with electrical connections and
the Wheatstone bridges for temperature measurements; above and behind
the observer's table are the galvanometer and its hood. At the left of
the observer's platform is a platform scale supporting the water-meter,
with plug valve and handle conveniently placed for emptying the meter.
The absorption system is placed on a special table conveniently situated
with regard to the balance for weighing the absorbers. The large balance
used for weighing the oxygen cylinders is directly across the center
aisle and the analytical balance for weighing the U-tubes for residual
analysis is near by.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.--General plan of respiration calorimeter
laboratory.]
[Illustration: FIG. 2
General view of laboratory room taken near the main door. At the extreme
right is the absorber table, and back of it the bed calorimeter. In the
immediate foreground is shown the balance for weighing absorbers. A
sulphuric acid absorber is suspended on the left hand arm of the
balance. At the left is the observer's table and back of it the chair
calorimeter with a large balance above for weighing subjects. On the
floor, to the left, is the water meter for weighing water used to bring
away heat.]
[Illustration: FIG. 3
General view of laboratory taken near the refrigeration room. The
observer's table is in the immediate foreground with water balance at
the left, and chair calorimeter with balance for weighing man at the
extreme left. At the right of the observer's table is the absorption
system table, and on the wall in the rear the temperature recorder. At
the right is shown the balance for weighing absorbers, and back of that
the case surrounding the balance for weighing oxygen.]
[Illustration: FIG. 4
General view of laboratory taken near the temperature recorder. The bed
calorimeter is at the right, the absorber table in the immediate
foreground, back of it the chair calorimeter and observer's table, and
at the left the balance for weighing absorbers. Near the ceiling are
shown the ducts for the cold air used for temperature control.]
[Illustration: FIG. 5
View of laboratory taken from the entrance of the bed calorimeter, with
balance for weighing oxygen cylinders at the left. The structural steel
skeleton of the calorimeter for long experiments is at the right and
sections of the copper lining are in the rear, resting against the
wall.]
Another view of the laboratory, taken near the door leading to the
refrigeration room, is shown in fig. 3. At the right is seen the balance
used for weighing absorbers, and back of it, imperfectly shown, is the
case surrounding the balance for weighing oxygen cylinders. On the wall,
in the rear, is the recording apparatus for electric resistance
thermometers in the water-circuit, a detail of which is shown in fig.
23. In the foreground in the center is seen the observer's table; at the
right of this is shown the table for the absorption system, and at the
left the chair calorimeter with the balance for weighing subjects above
it. The mercury-vapor light, which is used to illuminate the room, is
immediately above the balance for weighing absorbers.
[Illustration: FIG. 6.--Plan of heating and ventilating calorimeter
laboratory, showing general plan of circulation of the special cooling
system and the position of the thermostats and radiators which they
control. The two small diagrams are cross-sections of brine and heating
coils.]
The bed calorimeter and the absorbing-system table are better shown in
fig. 4, a general view of the laboratory taken near the temperature
recorder. In the immediate foreground is the table for the absorption
system, and back of it are the observer's table and chair calorimeter.
At the right, the bed calorimeter with the front removed and the rubber
hose connections as carried from the absorber table to the bed
calorimeter are shown. At the extreme left is the balance for weighing
the absorbers. Above the chair calorimeter can be seen the balance for
weighing the subject, and at its right the galvanometer suspended from
the ceiling.
The west side of the laboratory at the moment of writing contains the
larger proportion of the apparatus. On the east side there exist only
the balance for weighing oxygen cylinders and an unfinished[4] large
calorimeter, which will be used for experiments of long duration. A view
taken near the front end of the bed calorimeter is shown in fig. 5. At
the right, the structural skeleton of the large calorimeter is clearly
shown. Some of the copper sections to be used in constructing the lining
of the calorimeter can be seen against the wall in the rear.
At the left the balance for weighing the oxygen cylinders is shown with
its counterpoise. A reserve oxygen cylinder is standing immediately in
front of it. A large calorimeter modeled somewhat after the plan of
Sondén and Tigerstedt's apparatus in Stockholm and Helsingfors is
planned to be built immediately back of the balance for weighing oxygen
cylinders.