NICOLET'S SUBSEQUENT CAREER AND DEATH.
It is not difficult to imagine the interest which must have been
awakened in the breast of Champlain upon the return of Nicolet to
Quebec. With what delight he must have heard his recital of the
particulars of the voyage! How he must have been enraptured at the
descriptions of lakes of unknown extent; of great rivers never before
heard of--never before seen by a Frenchman! How his imagination must
have kindled when told of the numerous Indian nations which had been
visited! But, above all, how fondly he hoped one day to bring all these
distant countries under the dominion of his own beloved France! But the
heart thus beating quick with pleasurable emotions at the prospects of
future glory and renown, soon ceased its throbs. On Christmas day, 1635,
Champlain died. In a chamber of the fort in Quebec, "breathless and
cold, lay the hardy frame which war, the wilderness, and the sea had
buffeted so long in vain."
The successor of Champlain was Marc Antoine de Bras-de-fer de
Chasteaufort. He was succeeded by Charles Huault de Montmagny, who
reached New France in 1636. With him came a considerable reinforcement;
"and, among the rest, several men of birth and substance, with their
families and dependents." But Montmagny found the affairs of his colony
in a woful condition. The "Company of One Hundred" had passed its
affairs into the hands of those who were wholly engrossed in the profits
of trade. Instead of sending out colonists, the Hundred Associates
"granted lands, with the condition that the grantees should furnish a
certain number of settlers to clear and till them, and these were to be
credited to the company." The Iroquois, who, from their intercourse with
the Dutch and English traders, had been supplied with firearms, and were
fast becoming proficient in their use, attacked the Algonquins and
Hurons--allies of the French, interrupting their canoes, laden with
furs, as they descended the St. Lawrence, killing their owners, or
hurrying them as captives into the forests, to suffer the horrors of
torture.
At a point to which was given the name of Sillery, four miles above
Quebec, a new Algonquin mission was started; still, in the immediate
neighborhood of the town, the dark forests almost unbroken frowned as
gloomily as when, thirty years before, Champlain founded the future
city. Probably, in all New France, the population, in 1640, did not much
exceed two hundred, including women and children. On the eighteenth of
May, 1642, Montreal began its existence. The tents of the founders were
"inclosed with a strong palisade, and their altar covered by a
provisional chapel, built, in the Huron mode, of bark." But the Iroquois
had long before become the enemies of the French, sometimes seriously
threatening Quebec. So, upon the Island of Montreal, every precaution
was taken to avoid surprise. Solid structures of wood soon defied the
attacks of the savages; and, to give greater security to the colonists,
Montmagny caused a fort to be erected at the mouth of the Richelieu, in
the following August. But the end of the year 1642 brought no relief to
the Algonquins or Hurons, and little to the French, from the ferocious
Iroquois.
It was not long after Nicolet's return to Quebec, from his visit to "the
People of the Sea," and neighboring nations, before he was assigned to
Three Rivers by Champlain, where he was to continue his office of
commissary and interpreter; for, on the ninth of December, 1635, he
"came to give advice to the missionaries who were dwelling at the
mission that a young Algonquin was sick; and that it would be proper to
visit him."[93] And, again, on the seventh of the following month, he is
found visiting, with one of the missionaries, a sick Indian, near the
fort, at Three Rivers.[94] His official labors were performed to the
great satisfaction of both French and Indians, by whom he was equally
and sincerely loved. He was constantly assisting the missionaries, so
far as his time would permit, in the conversion of the savages, whom he
knew how to manage and direct as he desired, and with a skill that could
hardly find its equal. His kindness won their esteem and respect. His
charity seemed, indeed, to know no bounds.[95] As interpreter for one of
the missionaries, he accompanied him from Three Rivers on a journey some
leagues distant, on the twelfth of April, 1636, to visit some savages
who were sick; thus constantly administering to their sufferings.[96]
Notwithstanding the colonists of New France were living in a state of
temporal and spiritual vassalage, yet the daring Nicolet, and others of
the interpreters of Champlain, although devout Catholics and friendly to
the establishment of missions among the Indian nations, were not
Jesuits, nor in the service of these fathers; neither was their's the
mission work, in any sense, which was so zealously prosecuted by these
disciples of Loyola. They were a small class of men, whose home--some of
them--was the forest, and their companions savages. They followed the
Indians in their roamings, lived with them, grew familiar with their
language, allied themselves, in some cases, with their women, and often
became oracles in the camp and leaders on the war-path. Doubtless, when
they returned from their rovings, they often had pressing need of
penance and absolution. Several of them were men of great intelligence
and an invincible courage. From hatred of restraint, and love of wild
and adventurous independence, they encountered privations and dangers
scarcely less than those to which the Jesuit exposed himself from
motives widely different:--he, from religious zeal, charity, and the
hope of paradise; they, simply because they liked it. Some of the best
families of Canada claim descent from this vigorous and hardy stock.[97]
"The Jesuits from the first had cherished the plan of a seminary for
Huron boys at Quebec. The governor and the company favored the design;
since not only would it be an efficient means of spreading the faith and
attaching the tribe to the French interest, but the children would be
pledges for the good behavior of the parents, and hostages for the
safety of missionaries and traders in the Indian towns. In the summer of
1636, Father Daniel, descending from the Huron country, worn, emaciated,
his cassock patched and tattered, and his shirt in rags, brought with
him a boy, to whom two others were soon added; and through the influence
of the interpreter, Nicolet, the number was afterward increased by
several more. One of them ran away, two ate themselves to death, a
fourth was carried home by his father, while three of those remaining
stole a canoe, loaded it with all they could lay their hands upon, and
escaped in triumph with their plunder."[98]
Nicolet frequently visited Quebec. Upon one of these occasions he had a
narrow escape. He found the St. Lawrence incumbered with ice. Behind him
there came so great a quantity of it that he was compelled to get out of
his canoe and jump upon one of the floating pieces. He saved himself
with much difficulty and labor. This happened in April, 1637.[99] On the
twenty-seventh of the same month Nicolet was present at Quebec, on the
occasion of a deputation of Indians from Three Rivers waiting upon the
governor, asking a favor at his hands promised by Champlain. He was
consulted as to what the promise of the former governor was.[100]
In June, he was sent, it seems, up from the fort at Three Rivers to
ascertain whether the Iroquois were approaching. He went as far as the
river Des Prairies--the name for the Ottawa on the north side of the
island of Montreal.[101] In August, the enemy threatened Three Rivers in
force. The French and Indians in the fort could not be decoyed into
danger. However, a boat was sent up the St. Lawrence, conducted by
Nicolet. The bark approached the place where the Iroquois were, but
could not get within gun-shot; yet a random discharge did some
execution. The enemy were judged to be about five hundred strong.
Although the fort at Three Rivers was thus seriously threatened, no
attack was made.[102]
On the seventh of October, 1637, Nicolet was married at Quebec to
Marguerite Couillard, a god-child of Champlain.[103] The fruit of this
marriage was but one child--a daughter. Nicolet continued his residence
at Three Rivers, largely employed in his official duties of commissary
and interpreter, remaining there until the time of his death.[104] In
1641, he, with one of the Jesuit fathers, was very busy in dealing with
a large force of Iroquois that was threatening the place.[105]
About the first of October, 1642, Nicolet was called down to Quebec from
Three Rivers, to take the place of his brother-in-law, M. Olivier le
Tardiff, who was General Commissary of the Hundred Partners, and who
sailed on the seventh of that month for France. The change was a very
agreeable one to Nicolet, but he did not long enjoy it; for, in less
than a month after his arrival, in endeavoring to make a trip to his
place of residence to release an Indian prisoner in the possession of a
band of Algonquins, who were slowly torturing him, his zeal and humanity
cost him his life.[106] On the 27th of October,[107] he embarked at
Quebec, near seven o'clock in the evening, in the launch of M. de
Savigny, which was headed for Three Rivers. He had not yet reached
Sillery, when a northeast squall raised a terrible tempest on the St.
Lawrence and filled the boat. Those who were in it did not immediately
go down; they clung some time to the launch. Nicolet had time to say to
M. de Savigny, "Save yourself, sir; you can swim; I can not. I am going
to God. I recommend to you my wife and daughter."[108]
The wild waves tore the men, one after another, from the boat, which
had capsized and floated against a rock, and four, including Nicolet,
sank to rise no more.[109] M. de Savigny alone cast himself into the
water, and swam among the waves, which were like small mountains. The
launch was not very far from the shore, but it was pitch dark, and the
bitter cold had covered the river banks with ice. Savigny, feeling his
resolution and his strength failing him, made a vow to God, and a
little after, reaching down with his feet, he felt the bottom, and
stepping out of the water, he reached Sillery half dead. For quite a
while he was unable to speak; then, at last, he recounted the fatal
accident which, besides the death of Nicolet--disastrous to the whole
country--had cost him three of his best men and a large part of his
property. He and his wife suffered this great loss, in a barbarous
country, with great patience and resignation to the will of God, and
without losing any of their courage.[110]
The savages of Sillery, at the report of Nicolet's shipwreck, ran to the
place, and not seeing him any where, displayed indescribable sorrow. It
was not the first time he had exposed himself to danger of death for the
good of the Indians. He had done so frequently. Thus perished John
Nicolet, in the waters of the great river of Canada--the red man and the
Frenchman alike mourning his untimely fate.[111]
Twelve days after the shipwreck, the prisoner to the Algonquins, for
whose deliverance Nicolet started on his journey, arrived at
Sillery--the commander at Three Rivers, following the order of the
governor, having ransomed him. He was conducted to the hospital of the
place to be healed of the injuries he had received from his captors.
They had stripped the flesh from his arms, in some places to the bone.
The nuns at the hospital cared for him with much sympathy, and cured him
so quickly that in a month's time he was able to return to his country.
All the neophytes showed him as much compassion and charity as the
Algonquins had displayed of cruelty. They gave him two good,
Christianized savages to escort him as far as the country of a
neighboring tribe of his own, to the end that he might reach his home in
safety.[112]
After the return of the French to Quebec, the Jesuits, as previously
mentioned, were commissioned with the administration of spiritual
affairs in New France. Some of these turned their attention to the
Europeans; the rest were employed in missions among the savages. In the
autumn of 1635, the residences and missions of Canada contained fifteen
Fathers and five Brothers of the Society of Jesus. At Quebec, there were
also formed two seculars--ecclesiastics. One of these was a brother of
Nicolet.[113] He had come from Cherbourg to join him upon the St.
Lawrence; and, during his residence in the colony, which was continued
to 1647, he was employed in visiting French settlements at a distance
from Quebec.[114] Another brother--Pierre--who was a navigator, also
resided in Canada, but left the country some time after Nicolet's
death.[115] The widow of Nicolet was married at Quebec, in 1646, to
Nicholas Macard.
Nicolet's discoveries, although not immediately followed up because of
the hostility of the Iroquois and the lack of the spirit of adventure in
Champlain's successor, caused, finally, great results. He had unlocked
the door to the Far West, where, afterward, were seen the fur-trader,
the _voyageur_, the Jesuit missionary, and the government agent. New
France was extended to the Mississippi and beyond; yet Nicolet did not
live to witness the progress of French trade and conquest in the
countries he had discovered.
The name of the family of Nicolet appears to have been extinguished in
Canada, with the departure of M. Gilles Nicolet, priest, already
mentioned; but the respect which the worthy interpreter had deserved
induced the people of Three Rivers to perpetuate his memory. The example
had been given before his death. We read in the _Relation_ of 1637 that
the river St. John, near Montreal (now the river Jesus), took its name
from _John_ Nicolet. To-day Canada has the river, the lake, the falls,
the village, the city, the college, and the county of Nicolet.[116] From
the United States--especially from the Northwest--equal honor is due.
"History can not refrain from saluting Nicolet as a disinterested
traveler, who, by his explorations in the interior of America, has given
clear proofs of his energetic character, and whose merits have not been
disputed, although subsequently they were temporarily forgotten." The
first fruits of his daring were gathered by the Jesuit fathers even
before his death; for, in the autumn of 1641, those of them who were
among the Hurons received a deputation of Indians occupying "the country
around a rapid, in the midst of the channel by which Lake Superior
empties into Lake Huron," inviting them to visit their tribe. These
"missionaries were not displeased with the opportunity thus presented of
knowing the countries lying beyond Lake Huron, which no one of them had
yet traversed;" so Isaac Jogues and Charles Raymbault were detached to
accompany the Chippewa deputies, and view the field simply, not to
establish a mission. They passed along the shore of Lake Huron,
northward, and pushed as far up St. Mary's strait as the "Sault," which
they reached after seventeen days' sail from their place of starting.
There they--the first white men to visit the Northwest after
Nicolet--harangued two thousand of that nation, and other Algonquins.
Upon their return to the St. Lawrence, Jogues was captured by the
Iroquois, and Raymbault died on the twenty-second of October, 1642--a
few days before the death of Nicolet.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 93: "Le neufiesme de Decembre, iustement le lendemain de la
feste de la Conception, le sieur Iean Nicolet, Truchement pour les
Algonquins aux Trois Riuieres, vint donner aduis aux Peres, qui
demeuroient en la Residence de la Conception sise au mesme lieu, qu'vn
ieune Algonquin se trouuoit mal, et qu'il seroit a prospos de le
visiter."--Le Jeune, _Relation_, 1636, p. 8.]
[Footnote 94: "Le septiesme de Ianuier de cette annee mil six cens
trente six, le fils d'vn grand Sorcier ou Iongleur fut faict Chrestien,
son pere s'y accordant apres de grandes resistances qu'il en fit: car,
comme nos Peres euentoient ses mines, et la decreditoient, il ne pouuoit
les supporter en sa Cabane. Cependant comme son fils tiroit a la mort,
ils prierent le sieur Nicolet de faire son possible pour sauuer cette
ame: ils s'en vont donc le Pere Quentin et luy en cette maison d'ecorce,
pressent fortement ce Sauuage de consentir au baptesme de son petit
fils."--Le Jeune, _Relation_, 1636, p. 10.]
[Footnote 95: Le trente-vniesme [of December, 1635], vne fille agee
d'enuiron seize ans fut baptisee, et nommee Anne par vn de nos Francois.
Le Pere Buteux l'instruisant luy dit, que si estant Chrestienne elle
venoit a mourir, son ame iroit au Ciel dans les ioyes eternelles. A ce
mot de mourir, elle eut vne si grande frayeur, qu'elle ne voulut plus
iamais prester l'oreille au Pere; on luy enuoya le Sieur Nicolet
truchement, qui exerce volontiers semblables actions de charite; elle
l'escoute paisiblement; mais comme ses occupations le diuertissent
ailleurs, il ne la pouuoit visiter si souuent: c'est pourquoy le Pere
Quentin s'efforca d'apprendre les premiers rudimens du Christianisme en
Sauuage, afin de la pouuoir instruire. Cela luy reuessit si bien, que
cette pauure fille ayant pris goust a cette doctrine salutaire, desira
le Baptesme que le Pere luy accorda. La grace a plusieurs effects: on
remarqua que cette fille, fort dedaigneuse et altiere de son naturel,
deuint fort douce et traittable, estant Chrestienne.--Ibid.
"Il [Nicolet] ... continua sa charge de Commis et Interprete [at Three
Rivers] auec vne satisfaction grande des Francois et des Sauuages,
desquels il estoit esgalement et vniquement ayme. Il conspiroit
puissamment, autant que sa charge le permettoit, auec nos Peres, pour la
conuersion de ces peuples, lesquels il scauoit manier et tourner ou il
vouloit d'vne dexterite qui a peine trouuera son pareil."--Vimont,
_Relation_, 1643, p. 4.
Compare, also, _Relation_, 1637, p. 24.]
[Footnote 96: "Le deuxieme iour d'Auril, le Pere Quentin fit vn voyage
a quelques lieues des Trois Riuieres [Three Rivers], pour quelques
malades, dont on nous auoit donne aduis. Le fruict qu'il en rapporta fut
d'auoir expose plusieurs fois sa vie pour Dieu, parmy les dangers des
glaces et du mauuais temps. Il se contenta de leur donner quelque
instruction, sans en baptiser aucun, ne les voyant ny en peril de mort,
ny suffisamment instruits. Le sieur Iean Nicolet luy seruit de
truchement, auec sa charite et fidelite ordinaire, dont nos Peres tirent
de grands seruices en semblables occasions."--Le Jeune, _Relation_,
1636, pp. 57, 58.]
[Footnote 97: Adapted from Parkman's "Jesuits in North America," pp.
165, 166.]
[Footnote 98: Parkman's "Jesuits in North America," pp. 167, 168, citing
the _Relations_ of 1637 and 1638. Father Le Jeune (_Relation_, 1636, p.
75) says: "Comme i'ecry cecy le vingt-huictieme d'Aoust, voila que le
Pere Buteux me mande le depart du Pere Ioques, l'arriuee d'vne autre
troupe de Hurons, de qui le sieur Nicolet a encore obtenu trois ieunes
garcons, sur le rapport que leur ont fait leurs compagnons du bon
traittement que Monsieur le General et tous les autres Francois leur
auoient fait."]
[Footnote 99: Le Jeune, _Relation_, 1637, p. 78.]
[Footnote 100: Ib., p. 81.]
[Footnote 101: Ib., p. 84.]
[Footnote 102: Ib., p. 89.]
[Footnote 103: See Ferland's "Cours d'Histoire du Canada," Vol. I., p.
326; also, his "Notes sur les Registres de Notre-Dame de Quebec," p. 30,
notes; and Gravier's "Decouvertes et Etablissements de Cavalier de la
Salle," p. 47.
Nicolet's wife was a daughter of Guillaume Couillard and Guillemette
Hebert. Nicolet's marriage contract was dated at Quebec, October 22,
1637, several days subsequent to his nuptials. This was not an uncommon
thing in New France in early days, but has not been allowed in Canada
for about a century past. The contract was drawn up by Guitet, a
notary of Quebec. There were present Francois Derre de Gand,
Commissaire-General; Olivier le Tardif; Noel Juchereau; Pierre De la
Porte; Guillaume Huboust; Guillaume Hebert; Marie Rollet aieule de la
future epouse; Claude Racine; Etienne Racine.]
[Footnote 104: The presence of Nicolet at Three Rivers during all these
years (except from March 19, 1638, to January 9, 1639) is shown by
reference to the _Relations_, and to the church register of that place.
See Appendix, I., as to the latter.]
[Footnote 105: Vimont, _Relation_, 1641, p. 41.]
[Footnote 106: "Monsieur Oliuier, Commis General de Messieurs de la
Compagnie, estant venu l'an passe en France, le dit sieur Nicollet
descendit a Quebec en sa place, auec vne ioye, et consolation sensible
qu'il eut de se voir dans la paix et la deuotion de Quebec. Mais il n'en
ioueit pas long-temps: car vn mois ou deux apres son arriuee, faisant vn
voyage aux Trois Riuieres pour la deliurance d'vn prisonnier Sauuage,
son zele luy cousta la vie, qu'il perdit dans le naufrage."--Vimont,
_Relation_, 1643, p. 4.]
[Footnote 107: "I'adiousteray icy vn mot de la vie et de la mort de
Monsieur Nicollet, Interprete et Commis de Messieurs de la Compagnie de
la Nouuelle France; il mourut dix iours apres le Pere [Charles
Raymbault, decede le 22 Octobre, 1642], il auoit demeure vingt-cinq ans
en ces quartiers."--Vimont, _Relation_, 1643, p. 3. The incorrectness of
this date as to the death of Nicolet will hereafter be shown.]
[Footnote 108: "Il [_Nicolet_] sembarqua a Quebec sur les sept heures du
soir, dans la chalouppe de Monsieur de Sauigny, qui tiroit vers les
Trois Riuieres; ils n'estoient pas encor arriuez a Sillery, qu'vn coup
de vent de Nord Est, qui auoit excite vne horrible tempeste sur la
grande riuiere, remplit la chalouppe d'eau et la coula a fond, apres luy
auoir fait faire deux ou trois tours dans l'eau. Ceux qui estoient
dedans n'allerent pas incontinent a fond, ils s'attacherent quelque
temps a la challouppe. Monsieur Nicollet eut loisir de dire a Monsieur
de Sauigny: Monsieur, sauuez-vous, vous scauez nager; ie ne le scay pas.
Pour moy ie m'en vay a Dieu; ie vous recommande ma femme et ma
fille."--Vimont, _Relation_, 1643, p. 4.
Nicolet's daughter afterwards married Jean-Baptiste le Gardeur de
Repentigny, entering into a family which was one of the most
considerable in French America. Her son, Augustin le Gardeur de
Courtemanche,--"officier dans les troupes, se distingua, par de longs et
utiles services dans l'ouest, fut un digne contemporain de Nicolas
Perot, de meme qu'un honorable rejeton de son grandpere
Nicolet."--Sulte's "Melanges d'Histoire et de Litterature," p. 446.]
[Footnote 109: It is reasonably certain that the day of Nicolet's death
was October 27, 1642. Compare Margry, in _Journal General de
l'Instruction Publique_, 1862. A recent writer says:
"Le 29 septembre 1642, aux Trois-Rivieres, le Pere Jean de Brebeuf
baptista deux petites filles de race algonquine dont les parrains et
marraines furent 'Jean Nicolet avec Perrette (nom indien), et Nicolas
Marsolet (l'interprete), avec Marguerite Couillard, femme de M.
Nicolet.'
"Le 7 octobre suivant eut lieu, a Quebec, le depart des navires pour la
France. (_Relation_, 1643, p. 46.) Cette Relation ecrite vers la fin de
l'ete de 1643, raconte ce qui s'est passe apres le depart des navires de
1642.
"Le sieur Olivier le Tardif partit pour la France cet automne, 1642, et
fut remplace a Quebec, dans sa charge de commis-general de la compagnie
des Cent-Associes, par son beau-frere Nicolet, qui descendit des
Trois-Rivieres expressement pour cela (_Relation_, 1643, p. 4), par
consequent entre le 29 septembre et le 7 octobre.
"Le 19 octobre, un sauvage d'une nation alliee aux Iroquois fut amene
captif aux Trois-Rivieres par les Algonquins de ce lieu, qui le
condamnerent a perir sur le bucher. (_Relation_, 1643, p. 46.) Les Peres
Jesuites et M. des Rochers, le commandant du fort, ayant epuise tous les
arguments qu'ils croyaient pouvoir employer pour induire ces barbares a
ne pas faire mourir leur prisonnier, envoyerent un messager a Quebec
avertir Nicolet de ce qui se passait et reclamer son assistance.
(_Relation_, 1643, p. 4.)
"Ces pourparlers et ces demarches paraissent avoir occupe plusieurs
jours.
"A cette nouvelle, Nicolet, n'ecoutant que son coeur, s'embarqua a
Quebec, dans la chaloupe de M. Chavigny, vers les sept heures du soir.
L'embarcation n'etait pas arrivee a Sillery, qu'un coup de vent du
nord-est qui avait souleve une grosse tempete, la remplit d'eau et la
coula a fond. M. de Chavigny seul se sauva. La nuit etait tres-noire et
il faisait un froid apre qui avait couvert de 'bordages' les rives du
fleuve. (_Relation_, 1643, p. 4.)
"Dans ses _Notes sur les registres de Notre-Dame de Quebec_, M. l'abbe
Ferland nous donne le texte de l'acte qui suit: 'Le 29 octobre, on fit
les funerailles de monsieur Nicollet et de trois hommes de M. de
Chavigny, noyes dans une chaloupe qui allait de Quebec a Sillery; les
corps ne furent point trouves.'
"M. de Chavigny demeurait a Sillery. Il est probable que Nicolet
comptait repartir de la le lendemain, soit a la voile (en chaloupe) ou
en canot d'ecorce, selon l'etat du fleuve, pour atteindre les
Trois-Rivieres.
"Le captif des Algonquins ayant ete delivre par l'entremise de M. des
Rochers, arriva a Quebec douze jours apres le naufrage de Nicolet
(_Relation_, 1643, p. 4), le 9 novembre (_Relation_, 1643, p. 44), ce
qui fixerait au 27 ou 28 octobre la date demandee.
"Comme ce malheur eut lieu a la nuit close, pendant une tempete, il est
raisonable de supposer que la recherche des cadavres ne put se faire que
le lendemain, surtout lorsque nous songeons que Sillery n'est pas
Quebec, quoiqu'assez rapproche. Le service funebre dut etre celebre le
troisieme jour, et non pas le lendemain de l'evenement en question.
"J'adopte donc la date du lundi 27 octobre comme celle de la mort de
Nicolet.
"Il est vrai que la _Relation_ citee plus haut nous dit (p. 3) que le
Pere Charles Raymbault deceda le 22 octobre, et que la mort de Nicolet
eut lieu dix jours apres; mais l'acte du 29 octobre au registre de
Quebec renverse ce calcul de dix jours qui nous menerait au 1er ou 2
novembre.
"La meme _Relation_ (p. 4) dit aussi que Nicolet perit un mois ou deux
apres son arrivee a Quebec, tandis que nous voyons par ce que j'expose
ci-dessus qu'il n'a guere ete plus de trois semaines absent des
Trois-Rivieres avant de partir pour sa fatale expedition.
"La date du 27 octobre parait irrefutable."--M. Sulte, in _L'Opinion
Publique_, Montreal, July 24, 1879.]
[Footnote 110: "Les vagues les arracherent tous les vns apres les autres
de la chalouppe, qui flottoit renuersee contre vne roche. Monsieur de
Sauigny seul se ietta a l'eau et nagea parmy des flots et des vagues qui
resembloient a de petites montagnes. La Chalouppe n'estoit pas bien loin
du riuage; mais il estoit nuict toute noire, et faisoit vn froid aspre,
qui auoit desia glace les bords de la riuiere. Le dit sieur de Sauigny,
sentant le coeur et les forces qui luy manquoient, fit vn voeu a Dieu,
et peu apres frappant du pied il sent la terre, et se tirant hors de
l'eau, s'en vint en nostre maison a Sillery a demy mort. Il demeura
assez long-temps sans pouuoir parler; puis enfin il nous raconta le
funeste accident, qui outre la mort de Monsieur Nicollet, dommageable a
tout le pays, luy auoit perdue trois de ses meilleurs hommes et vne
grande partie de son meuble et de ses prouisions. Luy et Mademoiselle sa
femme ont porte cette perte signallee dans vn pays barbare, auec vne
grande patience et resignation a la volonte de Dieu, et sans rien
diminuer de leur courage."--Vimont, _Relation_, 1643, p. 4.]
[Footnote 111: "Les Sauuages de Sillery, au bruit du nauffrage de
Monsieur Nicollet, courent sur le lieu, et ne le voyant plus paroistre,
en tesmoignent des regrets indicibles. Ce n'estoit pas la premiere fois
que cet homme s'estoit expose au danger de la mort pour le bien et le
salut des Sauuages: il l'a faict fort souuent, et nous a laisse des
exemples qui sont au dessus de l'estat d'vn homme marie, et tiennent de
le vie Apostolique et laissent vne enuie au plus feruent Religieux de
l'imiter."--Vimont, _Relation_, 1643, p. 4.]
[Footnote 112: "Douze iours apres leur naufrage, le prisonnier pour la
deliurance duquel il [Nicolet] s'estoit embarque, arriua icy. Monsieur
des Roches commandant aux Trois Riuieres, suiuant l'ordre de Monsieur le
Gouuerneur, l'auoit rachete. Il mit pied a terre a Sillery, et de la fut
conduit a l'Hospital pour estre panse des playes et blessures que les
Algonquins luy auoient faites apres sa capture: ils luy auoient emporte
la chair des bras, en quelques endroits iusques aux os. Les Religieuses
hospitalieres le receurent auec beaucoup de charite, et le firent panser
fort soigneusement, en sorte qu'en trois semaines ou vn mois, il fut en
estat de retourner en son pays. Tous nos Neophytes luy tesmoignerent
autant de compassion et de charite que les Algonquins de la haut luy
auoient montre de cruaute: ils luy donnerent deux bons Sauuages
Christiens, pour le conduire iusques aux pays des Abnaquiois, qui sont
voisins de sa nation."--Vimont, _Relation_, 1643, pp. 4, 5.]
[Footnote 113: His name was Gilles Nicolet. He was born in Cherbourg,
and came to Canada in 1635. He is one of the first "pretres
seculiers"--that is, not belonging to congregations or institutes, such
as the Jesuits and the Recollets--whose name appears on the Quebec
parochial register.]
[Footnote 114: Those of the coast of Beaupre, between Beauport and Cape
Tourmente. Ferland's "Cours d'Histoire du Canada," Vol. I., pp. 276,
277.]
[Footnote 115: Sulte's "Melanges d'Histoire et de Litterature," p. 446.]
[Footnote 116: Benjamin Sulte, in _L'Opinion Publique_, 1873. The writer
adds: "La riviere Nicolet est formee de deux rivieres qui gardent
chacune ce nom; l'une au nord est sort d'un lac appele Nicolet, dans le
comte de Wolfe, township de Ham; l'autre, celle du sud ouest, qui passe
dans le comte de Richmond, a donne le nom de Nicolet a un village situe
sur ses bords, dans le township de Shipton. Ce village que les Anglais
nomment 'Nicolet Falls' est un centre d'industrie prospere. La ville de
Nicolet, ainsi que le college de ce nom, sont situes pres de la decharge
des eaux reunies de ces deux rivieres au lac Saint-Pierre.
"Peu d'annees apres la mort de Jean Nicolet, les trifluviens donnaient
deja son nom a la riviere en question, malgre les soins que prenaient
les fonctionnaires civils de ne designer cet endroit que par les mots
'la riviere de Laubia ou la riviere Cresse.' M. de Laubia ne concede la
seigneurie qu'en 1672, et M. Cresse ne l'obtint que plus tard, mais
avant ces deux seigneurs, la riviere portait le nom de Nicolet, et
l'usage en prevalut en depit des tentatives faites pour lui imposer
d'autres denominations."]
APPENDIX.
I.--EXTRACTS (LITERAL) FROM THE PARISH CHURCH REGISTER, OF THREE RIVERS,
CANADA, CONCERNING NICOLET.
I.
"Le 27 du mois de decembre 1635, fut baptisee par le Pere Jacques
Buteux[117] une petite fille agee d'environ deux ans, fille du capitaine
des Montagnetz Capitainal.[118] Elle fut nommee _Marie_ par M. de
Maupertuis et M. Nicollet ses parrains. Elle s'appelait en sauvage
8minag8m8c8c8."[119]
II.
"Le 30 du mois de Mai 1636, une jeune Sauvagesse Algonquine instruite
par le Pere Jacques Buteux, fut baptisee par le Pere Claude Quentin et
nommee Francoise par M. Nicollet son parrain." [1637, 7th October. At
Quebec. Marriage of Nicolet with Marguerite Couillard.]
III.
"Le 18 novembre 1637 fut baptisee (par le Pere Claude Pijart) une femme
Algonquine. Elle fut nommee Marie par Nicollet son parrain. Elle est
decedee."
IV.
"Le 18 decembre 1637 fut baptise par le Pere Jacques Buteux un petit
Algonquin age d'environ deux ans, et fut nomme Jean par M. Nicollet. Il
est decede."
V.
"1638. Le 19 de mars, jour de Saint-Joseph, fut baptise par le Pere
Jacques Buteux, dans notre chapelle avec les ceremonies de l'Eglise,
Anisk8ask8si, et fut nomme Paul par M. Nicollet, son parrain; sa
marraine fut mademoiselle Marie Le Neuf.[120] Il est decede." [The
Parish Register for 1638 stops at the date of 24th May, the remainder
being lost.]
VI.
"Le 9 janvier 1639, le Pere Jacques Delaplace baptisa solennellement, en
notre chapelle, une petite fille agee de 2 ans appelee Nitig8m8sta8an,
fille de Papitchitikpabe8, capitaine de la Petite-Nation. Elle fut
nommee Louise par M. Nicolet. Sa marraine fut une Sauvagesse baptisee,
femme de feu Thebachit."
VII.
"Le 4 mars 1639, le Reverend Pere Jacques Buteux baptisa solennellement
en notre chappelle les deux enfants de 8ab8sch8stig8an, Algonquin de
l'Isle, et Sk8esens, sa femme. Le fils age d'environ quatre ans fut
nomme Thomas par M. Nicolet, et Alizon,[121] et la fille agee d'environ
six ans, fut nommee Marguerite par M. de Malapart[122] et Madame
Nicolet."
VIII.
"1639. Le huitieme Mars, le R. P. Buteux baptiza solennellement
Nipiste8ignan age d'environ vingt ans, fils de Francois Nenascouat,[123]
habitant de Sillery. Francois Marguerie et Madame Nicolet le nommerent
Vincent."
IX.
"Le 20 mars 1639 le R. P. Buteux baptiza solennellement en notre
chapelle Louis Godefroy, fils de M. Jean Godefroy[124] et de Damoisselle
Marie Le Neuf. Son parrain fut Thomas Godefroy, et sa marraine Madame
Marguerite Nicolet."
X.
"Anno Domini 1639 die 16 Julii, Ego Claudius Pijart vices agens parochi
ecclesiae B. V. Conceptae ad Tria Flumina baptizavit cum ceremoniis,
Ognatem, 4 circiter menses, natem patre 8kar8st8, _de la Petite-Nation_,
et matre 8sasamit8n8k8e8. Patrinus fuit D. Jaunes Nicolets Interp."
XI.
"1639. Anno Domini 1639, di 20 julii Ego Claudius Pijart vices agens
parochi ecclesiae Beatae Virginis Conceptae ad Tria Flumina baptizavit cum
ceremoniis Marinum, filium patria insularibus; patrinus idem qui supra
Joannes Nicolet. Infant natus 2 menses. Il est decede."
XII.
"Anno Domini 1639, die 30. Julii, Ego Jacobus Buteux vices agens parochi
ecclesiae B. V. C. at Tria Flumina, baptizavit Algonquinensen natum 40
circiter annos nomine Abdom Chibanagouch, patria insularem, quem
nominavit Dominus Joannes Nicolet nunc Joseph 8masatick8e." [1639. 9th
October. Nicolet was present at the wedding of Jean Joliet and Marie
d'Abancour, at Quebec. Louis Joliet, son of the above, was the
discoverer of the Upper Mississippi.]
XIII.
"1639. Die 7 Decembris. Ego Jacobus Buteux baptizavit infentem annum
circiter natum, nomine Ombrosuim Katank8quich, filium defuncti
8tagamechk8, patria 88echkarini, quedu educat N8ncheak8s mulier patria
insulare, patrinus fuit Joannes Nicolet."
XIV.
"1640. Die 6 Januarii, ego Jacobus Buteux, baptizavit cum ceremoniis
Mariam Ik8esens patria insularem natam circiter 28 annos, cujus patrinus
fuit Joannes Nicolet et Joanna La Meslee,[125] exur pistoris. Elle est
avec 8tchakin."
XV.
"Anno 1640, 4 Decemb. statim post portam mortuus sepultus in coemeterio
item filius Domini Joannis Nicolet interpretis." [In the margin is
written: "Ignace Nicolet."]
XVI.
"Anno 1640. Die 14 Januarii, ego Carolus Raymbaut[126] baptizavi cum
caeremoniis Franciscum missameg natum circiter 4 annos filium Ching8a
defuncti, patria ---- Khin8chebink educatur apud 8abirini8ich Patrinus
fuit D. Franciscus de Champflour[127] moderator; matrina Margarita
Couillard uxor D. Nicolet interpretis."
XVII.
"14o. die Maii 1640. Ego Carolus Raymbault baptisavi cum caeremoniis
Franciscum pridie natum filium Christophori Crevier pistoris, Et Joanna
Ennart conjugum Rothomagensium. Patrinus fuit Dominus Franciscum de
Champflour moderator et Dna Margarita Couillard conjux interpretis (est
in Galliae)." [On the 2d day of September, 1640 Nicolet was present at
Quebec at the wedding of Nicolas Bonhomme.]
XVIII.
"Anno Domini 1640 die 25 Decembris, ipso Jesu Domini Nostri Nativitatis
die ego Joannes Dequen, Societatis Jesu sacerdos vices agens Rectoris
Ecclesiae conceptionis beatae Virginia ad Tria Flumina dicta, baptizavi
solemniter in eodem ecclesia Paulum 8abirim8ich annum Trigesimum
cerciter quintum doctrinae Christianae rudimentis sufficienter instructum.
Patrinus fuit Joannes Nicolet, interpret. huic nomen Pauli impasuit;
matrina fuit Maria Le Neuf."
XIX.
"Anno Domini 1641 dia 1o Aprilis. Ego Josephus Poncet, Societatis Jesu,
baptizavi puellam recens natam patre Abdon 8maskik8eia, matre
Michtig8k8e, nomen Cecilia impositum est. Patrinus fuit ...
Lavallee;[128] Matrina Margarita Couillard uxor Joannis Nicolet
interpretis."
XX.
"1o Aprilis Anno 1642 Ego Josephus Poncet Societatis Jesu, in ecclesiae
immaculatae conceptionis B. V. Mariae, baptisavi puellum recens natam.
Patre Joannes Nicolet. Matre Margarita Couillard ejus uxor. Nomen
Margarita impositum. Patrinus fuit Dnus Jacobus Ertel;[129] matrina Dna
Joanna Le Marchand,[130] viduae Dni Leneuf."
XXI.
"Tertio Julii Anni 1642, ego Joannes de Brebeuf, Societatis Jesu, tunc
vices agens parochi in ecclesiae Immaculatae Conceptionis ad Tria Flumina
baptisavi infantem recens natam. Patre Dno Jacobo Hartel. Matre Marie
Marguerie[131] ejus uxore. Nomine Francisco impositum. Patrinus fuit:
Franciscus Marguerye, infantio avanculus; matrina Margarita Couillart
domini Joannis Nicolet uxor."
XXII.
"Anno Domini 1642, 29 Septembris, Ego Joannes de Brebeuf, Societatis
Jesu sacerdos, baptisavi solemniter in ecclesiae Immaculata Conceptionis
ad Tria Flumina, duos puellas recens nata, unum ex patre Augustino
Chipak8etch et matre 8t8ribik8e; Alizon dicta est a patrinis Joanne
Nicolet et Perretta Alteram vero ex patre K8erasing et 8inchk8ck matre
Lucia dicta est a Patrinus Nicolao Marsolet[132] et Margarita Couillard,
uxor Domini Nicolet."
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 117: Father Buteux resided in Three Rivers from the year of
the establishment of that place, 1634, to 1651 when, on his second trip
to the upper St. Maurice he was killed by the Iroquois.]
[Footnote 118: Capitanal, chief of the Montagnais Indians, is the man
who did the most amongst his people to impress upon the mind of
Champlain the necessity of erecting a fort at 3-Rivers. He died in 1635.
See _Relation_, 1633, p. 26; 1635, p. 21.]
[Footnote 119: The figure "8" in such words is, as before mentioned,
supposed to be equivalent to "w," "we," or "oo," in English. Ante, p.
46, note.]
[Footnote 120: Le Neuf. Name of a large family, belonging to the
nobility. Jean Godefroy having married Marie Le Neuf, they all came
together (36 people) to Canada, when the branch of Le Gardeur settled at
Quebec and that of Le Neuf proper at 3-Rivers. Throughout the history of
Canada, we met with members of that group.]
[Footnote 121: Alizon is the family name of the wife of Gourdin, the
brewer, who resided at the Fort of Three-Rivers as early as 1634.]
[Footnote 122: Malapart was at that time acting as governor of the
post.]
[Footnote 123: Nenascoumat, an Indian chief, is much connected with the
history of the first settlement of his people at 3-Rivers and Sillery,
from 1634 to about 1650.]
[Footnote 124: Jean Godefroy, the principal man who caused French people
to come direct from France to settle at Three-Rivers, as early as 1636.
He had been in Canada for many years before. His brother Thomas is well
known in the history of those years for his services both to the
missionaries and to the colonists; he was burned by the Iroquois. Louis,
son of Jean, became King's Attorney. Jean was raised to the rank of
nobleman by Louis XIV. His descendants are still in the district of
3-Rivers.]
[Footnote 125: Christophe Crevier, sieur de la Melee, settled in
3-Rivers in 1639. Like that of Godefroy, the family became very numerous
and prosperous. The descendants of Crevier still exist in the district
of 3-Riv. Francois Crevier, born 13th May 1640 was killed by the
Iroquois in Three Rivers when 13 years old only.]
[Footnote 126: Father Raymbault is the same that accompanied Father
Jogues in the spring of the year 1642 to what is now Sault Ste. Marie,
Michigan. He died, it will be remembered, in the fall of 1642. Ante, p.
91.]
[Footnote 127: Champflour left for France in the autumn of 1645. For
several years, he had been governor of 3-Rivers.]
[Footnote 128: Claude Jutra lit Lavallee was one of the first settlers
of 3-Rivers, where his descendants still exist.]
[Footnote 129: Jacques Hertel, married to Marie Marguerie. He held land
at 3-Rivers before the foundation of the Fort. Died 1652. His son
Francois was one of the greatest sons of Canada. Louis XIV. made him a
nobleman. His descendants are still in Canada. Like Godefroy, Crevier,
and Le Neuf, the Hertels have held their position for 250 years.]
[Footnote 130: Jeanne Le Marchand, widow, was the mother of Le Neuf.]
[Footnote 131: Francois Marguerie succeeded Nicolet as Interpreter at
3-Rivers. He has left his name to a river flowing into the St. Lawrence,
in the county of Nicolet opposite the town of 3-Rivers.]
[Footnote 132: Nicolas Marsolet, connected, as an interpreter, with
3-Rivers, but mostly with Tadoussac and Quebec.]
II.--FIRST CONNECTED SKETCH PUBLISHED OF THE LIFE AND EXPLORATION OF
NICOLET.[133]
[Du Creux states that, in the last months of 1642, New France mourned
for two men of no common character, who were snatched away from her;
that one of them, who died first, of disease, was a member of the
Society of Jesuits; and that the other, although a layman, was
distinguished by singularly meritorious acts towards the Indian tribes
of Canada. He sketches briefly the career and character of Father
Raymbault, the Jesuit, first referred to, who died at Quebec in the
latter part of October. The second person alluded to was Nicolet. Of him
he gives the following account:]
"He had spent twenty-five years in New France, and had always been a
useful person. On his first arrival, by orders of those who presided
over the French colony of Quebec, he spent two whole years among the
Algonquins of the Island, for the purpose of learning their language,
without any Frenchman as a companion, and in the midst of those
hardships, which may be readily conceived, if we will reflect what it
must be to pass severe winters in the woods, under a covering of cedar
or birch bark; to have one's means of subsistence dependent upon
hunting; to be perpetually hearing rude outcries; to be deprived of the
pleasant society of one's own people; and to be constantly exposed, not
only to derision and insulting words, but even to daily peril of life.
There was a time, indeed, when he went without food for a whole week;
and (what is really wonderful) he even spent seven weeks without having
any thing to eat but a little bark. After this preliminary training[134]
was completed, being sent with four hundred Algonquins to the Iroquois
to treat of peace, he performed his mission successfully. Soon after, he
went to the Nipissiriens, and spent seven years with them, as an adopted
member of their tribe. He had his own small estate, wigwam, and
household stuff, implements for hunting and fishing, and, no doubt, his
own beaver skins, with the same right of trade as the rest; in a word,
he was taken into their counsels; until, being recalled, by the rulers
of the French colony, he was at the same time made a commissary and
charged to perform the office of an interpreter.
"During this period, at the command of the same rulers, he had to make
an excursion to certain maritime tribes, for the purpose of securing
peace between them and the Hurons. The region where those peoples dwell
is nearly three hundred leagues distant, toward the west, from the same
Hurons; and after he had associated himself with seven ambassadors of
these [_i.e._, of the Hurons], having saluted on their route various
small nations which they fell in with, and having propitiated them with
gifts--lest, if they should omit this, they might be regarded as
enemies, and assailed by all whom they met--when he was two days
distant, he sent forward one of his own company to make known to the
nation to which they were going, that a European ambassador was
approaching with gifts, who, in behalf of the Hurons, desired to secure
their friendship. The embassy was received with applause; young men were
immediately sent to meet them, who were to carry the baggage and
equipment of the Manitouriniou (or wonderful man), and escort him with
honor. Nicolet was clad in a Chinese robe of silk, skillfully ornamented
with birds and flowers of many colors; he carried in each hand a small
pistol.[135] When he had discharged these, the more timid persons, boys
and women betook themselves to flight, to escape as quickly as possible
from a man who (they said) carried the thunder in both his hands. But,
the rumor of his coming having spread far and wide, the chiefs, with
their followers, assembled directly to the number of four or five
thousand persons; and, the matter having been discussed and considered
in a general council, a treaty was made in due form. Afterwards each of
the chiefs gave a banquet after their fashion; and at one of these,
strange to say, a hundred and twenty beavers were eaten.
"His object being accomplished, Nicolet returned to the Hurons, and,
presently, to Three Rivers, and resumed both of his former functions,
viz., as commissary and interpreter, being singularly beloved by both
the French and the natives; specially intent upon this, that, uniting
his industry, and the very great influence which he possessed over the
savages, with the efforts of the fathers of the Society [Jesuits], he
might bring as many as he could to the Church; until, upon the recall to
France of Olivier, who was the chief commissary of Quebec, Nicolet, on
account of his merits, was appointed in his place. But he was not long
allowed to enjoy the Christian comfort he had so greatly desired, viz.,
that at Quebec he might frequently attend upon the sacraments as his
pious soul desired, and that he might enjoy the society of those with
whom he could converse upon divine things.
"On the last day of October, having embarked upon a pinnace at the
seventh hour of the afternoon (as we French reckon the hours), i.e.,
just as the shades of evening were falling, hastening, as I have said,
to Three Rivers upon so pious an errand, scarcely had he arrived in
sight of Sillery, when, the north wind blowing more fiercely and
increasing the violence of the storm which had commenced before Nicolet
started,[136] the pinnace was whirled around two or three times, filled
with water from all directions, and finally was swallowed up by the
waves. Some of those on board escaped, among them Savigny, the owner of
the pinnace; and Nicolet, in that time of extreme peril, addressing him
calmly said: "Savigny, since you know how to swim, by all means consult
your own safety; I, who have no such skill, am going to God; I recommend
my wife and daughter to your kindness." In the midst of this
conversation, a wave separated them; Nicolet was drowned; Savigny, who,
from horror and the darkness of the night, did not know where he was,
was torn by the violence of the waves from the boat, to which he had
clung for some time; then he struggled for a while, in swimming, with
the hostile force of the changing waves; until, at last, his strength
failing, and his courage almost forsaking him, he made a vow to God (but
what it was is not related); then, striking the bottom of the stream
with his foot, he reached the bank[137] at that spot, and, forcing his
way with difficulty through the edge of the stream, already frozen, he
crept, half dead, to the humble abode of the fathers. Restoratives were
immediately applied, such as were at hand, especially fire, which was
most needed; but, as the cold weather and the water had almost destroyed
the natural warmth, he could only manifest his thoughts for some time by
motions and not by speech, and so kept the minds of the anxious fathers
in doubt of his meaning; until, recovering his speech, he explained what
had happened with a strong expression of Nicolet's Christian courage.
"The prisoner for whose sake Nicolet had exposed himself to this deadly
peril, twelve days afterwards reached Sillery, and soon after
Quebec--having been rescued from the cruelty of the Algonquins by
Rupaeus, who was in command at Three Rivers, in pursuance of letters from
Montmagny, on payment, no doubt, of a ransom. He was already disfigured
with wounds, great numbers of which these most savage men had inflicted
upon him with careful ingenuity, one after another, according to their
custom; but in proportion to the barbarity which he had experienced at
Three Rivers was the kindness which he afterwards met with at Quebec,
where he was treated by the monks of the hospital in such a manner that
he was healed within about twenty days, and was able to return to his
own people....
"This, moreover, was not the first occasion on which Nicolet had
encountered peril of his life for the safety of savages. He had
frequently done the very same thing before, says the French writer; and
to those with whom he associated he left proofs of his virtues by such
deeds as could hardly be expected of a man entangled in the bonds of
marriage; they were indeed eminent, and rose to the height of apostolic
perfection; and, therefore, was the loss of so great a man the more
grievous. Certain it is that the savages themselves, as soon as they
heard what had befallen him, surrounded the bank of the great river in
crowds, to see whether they could render any aid. When all hope of that
was gone, they did what alone remained in their power, by incredible
manifestations of grief and lamentation at the sad fate of the man who
had deserved so well of them."
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 133: Translated from Du Creux' Hist. of Canada (printed in
Latin, in Paris, 1664), p. 358. That his account should not sooner have
awakened the curiosity of students of American history is due to the
fact previously mentioned, that not until the investigations of John
Gilmary Shea, in 1853, were the "Ouinipigou" identified as the
"Winnebagoes," and their having been visited by Nicolet established. It
was this locating of the objective point of Nicolet's exploration on
American soil that finally stimulated American writers to further
research; though, to the present time, Canadian historians have taken
the lead in investigations concerning the indomitable Frenchman.]
[Footnote 134: _Tirocinium_ is the _first campaign_ of the young
soldier; and so, generally, the first period of trial in any life of
danger and hardship.--_Translator._]
[Footnote 135: It may be interesting to the reader to know how pistols
are described in the author's Latin: "Sclopos minores, exiis qui tacta
vel leviter rotula exploduntier."--_Translator._]
[Footnote 136: "Borea flaute pertinacius, foedamque tempestatem, quam
excicre gam ceperat, glomerante." Literally, perhaps, "the north wind
blowing more persistently, and gathering into a mass the dark storm
which it had already begun to collect."--_Translator._]
[Footnote 137: The word "littus" here is properly used, not of the dry
land, but of the sloping land under the water, near the edge of the
river.--_Translator._]
INDEX.
Algonquins, viii, 17, 36, 42, 60, 62, 69, 70, 77, 87.
Algonquins of the Isles des Allumettes, 18, 28, 29, 46.
Alizon, M., 95, 100.
Allouez, Father Claudius, 64, 67, 69.
Amikoueai, "Nation of the Beaver," 50, 51, 54.
_An account of the French settlements in North America_ (1746),
cited, 32.
Assiniboins, not visited by Nicolet, 71.
Atchiligouean, an Algonquin nation, 50.
A8eatsi8aenrrhonon (Aweatsiwaerrhonon), Huron name for the
Winnebagoes, 45, 46, 60.
Bay des Puants (Baie des Puants). See Green Bay.
Beaver Nation, 45, 48, 50, 51, 54, 63.
Bonhomme, Nicholas, 98.
Brebeuf, John de, 20, 24, 41, 46, 100.
Buteux, Father James, 78, 80, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97.
Cabot, John, viii, ix.
Cabot, Sebastian, ix.
Caens, the, 21.
Capitanal, a Montagnais chief, 93.
Cartier, James, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.
Champlain, Samuel, makes, in 1603, a survey of the St. Lawrence, 16;
in 1608, founds Quebec, 17;
attacks the Iroquois, in 1609, _ib._;
returns, in 1610, to France, 18;
in 1611 again reaches the St. Lawrence, _ib._;
soon sails back to France, _ib._;
in 1613, once more reaches the St. Lawrence, _ib._;
explores the Ottawa to the Isle des Allumettes, _ib._;
embarks for France, _ib._;
in 1615, again sails for New France, 19;
visits the Hurons, _ib._;
attacks, with those Indians, the Iroquois, _ib._;
returns to Quebec, 20;
a new government for New France, 21;
Champlain one of the Hundred Associates, 22;
he defends Quebec against the English, 23;
next year he surrenders the town, _ib._;
taken a prisoner to England, 24;
in 1633, resumes command in New France, _ib._;
resolves to explore the west, _ib._;
in 1634, sends Nicolet to the Winnebagoes, 39;
death of Champlain, 75.
Champlain's Map of 1632, referred to, 31, 35, 36, 38, 51, 52, 53,
54, 62, 64, 66, 70.
Champlain's _Voyages_ of 1613, cited, 36;
_Voyages_ of 1632, cited, 36, 38, 51, 52, 64, 66, 73.
Charlevoix' _Carte des Lacs du Canada_, referred to, 57;
also, his _Nouvelle France_, _ib._
Chauvin, a captain of the French marine, 15.
Cheveux Releves (Standing Hair--Ottawas), 52, 53, 54, 73.
Chippewas, 38, 53, 54, 55, 90, 91.
Cioux. See Sioux.
Columbus, Christopher, viii.
Company of New France, 21.
Copper and copper mine early known to the Indians, 36.
Cortereal, Gaspar, ix.
Couillard, Guillaume, 82.
Couillard, Marguerite, 81, 84, 94, 98, 99, 100.
_Coureurs de bois_, 41.
Cresse, M., 90.
Crevier, Francois, 97.
Dakotas (Dacotahs.--See Sioux), viii, 62, 71.
Daniel, Antoine, a Jesuit priest, 41, 80.
Davost, a Jesuit, 41.
De Caen, Emery, 20, 24, 32.
De Caen, William, 20.
De Champfleur, Francois, 98.
De Chasteaufort, Bras-de-fer, 75.
De Courtemanche, Augustin le, 84.
De Gand, Francois Derre, 82.
Delaplace, Jacques, 94.
De la Roche, the Marquis, 15.
De la Roque, John Francis, see Lord of Roberval.
De Laubin, M., 90.
De Malapart, M., 95.
De Maupertuis, M., 93.
De Repentigny, Jean-Baptiste Le Gardeur, 84.
Des Gens Puants (Des Gens Puans--Des Puants--Des Puans). See
Winnebagoes.
Des Roches, M., 85, 88.
Du Creux' _Hist. of Canada_ (_Historia Canadensis_), cited, 29, 60,
100, _et seq._
Du Creux' Map of 1660, referred to, 51, 53, 55, 73.
Enitajghe, Iroquois name for Green Bay, 56.
Estiaghicks, Iroquois name of the Chippewas, 53.
Ferland's _Cours d'Histoire du Canada_, cited, 27, 82, 89;
also, his _Notes sur les Registres de Notre-Dame de Quebec_, 27,
82, 85.
Fire Nations (Les Gens de Feu). See Mascoutins.
Foster's _Mississippi Valley_, cited, 59.
Fox Indians (Outagamis--Les Renards--Musquakies), 64, 65, 66.
Fox River of Green Bay, 61, 64, 66, 67, 68, 70.
Fur-trade, the, 22.
Gens de Mer (Gens de Eaux de Mer). See Winnebagoes.
Godefroy, Jean, 94, 95.
Godefroy, Louis, 95.
Godefroy, Thomas, 96.
Gravier's _Decouvertes et Etablissement de Cavalier de la Salle_,
cited, 82;
his _Map by Joliet_, referred to, 55, 59.
Green Bay, 56, 60, 62, 69, 70.
Guitet, a notary, records of, 27, 82.
Hebert, Guillaume, 82.
Hebert, Guillemette, 82.
Hertel, Francois, 99.
Hertel, Jacques, 99.
Horoji (Hochungara--Winnebagoes), 60.
Huboust, Guillaume, 82.
Hundred Associates (Hundred Partners), 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 31, 39,
42, 76, 82.
Hurons, 17, 19, 21, 23, 36, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49, 51, 62, 63, 69, 76,
77, 102, 103.
Illinois (Indians), 70.
Iroquois, 17, 18, 20, 29, 38, 44, 51, 76.
_Jesuit Relations_, cited:
1633--93;
1635--44, 46, 93;
1636--30, 45, 60, 77, 78, 79, 80;
1637--78, 80, 81;
1638--80;
1639--60;
1640--38, 45, 48, 50, 51, 53, 56, 57, 62, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73;
1641--82;
1642--53;
1643--26, 27, 28, 30, 47, 48, 49, 58, 60, 62, 72, 74, 78, 83, 84,
85, 86, 87, 88;
1648--38, 53;
1654--38, 69;
1656--62, 70;
1670--64, 67, 69;
1671--53, 56, 64.
_Jesuit Relations_, the, 27.
Jesuits, the, 68, 80, 85.
Joliet, Jean, 96.
Joliet, Louis, 68, 69, 96.
Joques, Father Isaac, 91, 97.
Juchereau, Noel, 82.
Kaukauna, town of, 65.
Kickapoos (Kikabou, Kikapou, Quicapou, Kickapoux, Kickapous,
Kikapoux, Quicpouz), 67.
Kirk, David, 23.
La Baye (La Baye des Eaux Puantes--La Grande Baie--La Baye des
Puans--Lay Baye des Puants). See Green Bay.
Lake Michigan (Lake of the Illinois--Lake St. Joseph--Lake
Dauphin--Lac des Illinois--Lac Missihiganin--Magnus Lacus
Algonquinorum), 55, 56, 66, 69, 70, 72.
Lake Superior, 54.
Lake Winnebago (Lake of the Puants--Lake St. Francis), 62, 65.
La Marchand, Jeanne, 99.
La Melee, Christopher Crevier, Sieur de, 97.
La Mer, Marguerite, 27.
La Mer, Maria, 27.
La Nation des Puans (La Nation des Puants). See Winnebagoes.
La Noue, Annie de, 24, 41.
La Porte, Pierre de, 82.
La Vallee, Claude, 99.
Laverdiere's _Reprint of Champlain's Works_, referred to, 36.
Le Caron, Father Joseph, 19, 20.
Le Jeune, Paul, 24, 41, 80.
Le Neuf, family of, 94.
Le Neuf, Maria, 94, 95, 98.
Les Folles Avoine. See Menomonees.
Le Tardif, Olivier, 82, 83, 84, 103.
Lippincott's _Gazetteer_, cited, 33.
Lord of Roberval, 14, 15.
Macard, Nicolas, 84, 100.
Mackinaw, Straits of, 55.
Manitoulin Islands, 50, 51.
Mantoue (Mantoueouee--Makoueoue), tribe of, 56.
Margry, Pierre, in _Journal General de l'Instruction Publique_, 29,
72, 84.
Marguerie, Francois, 95, 99.
Marguerie, Maria, 99.
Marquette, Father James, 68, 69.
Marsolet, Nicolas, 84, 100.
Mascoutins (Macoutins--Mascoutens--Maskeutens--Maskouteins--
Musquetens--Machkoutens--Maskoutench--Machkoutenck--Les Gens de
Feu--The Fire Nation--Assistagueronons--Assistaehronons), 51,
52, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70.
Masse, the Jesuit, 41.
Menomonees (Maromine--Malhominies--Les Folles Avoine), 57, 58.
Miamis, 67.
Michigan, signification of the word, 65.
Mississippi, meaning of the word, 67.
Montmagnais, 36, 41.
Montmagny, M. de, 70, 75, 76, 77, 105.
Nantoue. See Mantoue.
Nation des Puans (Nation des Puants--Nation of Stinkards). See
Winnebagoes.
Nation du Castor (Nation of Beavers). See Beaver Nation.
Nation of the Sault. See Chippewas.
Nenascoumat, an Indian chief, 95.
Neutral Nation, 51, 61, 65.
Nez Perces (Naiz percez). See Beaver Nation.
Nicolet, Gilles, 88, 89.
Nicolet, John, arrives in New France, 26;
sent by Champlain, in 1618, to the Algonquins of Isle des
Allumettes, 28;
goes on a mission of peace to the Iroquois, 29;
takes up his residence with the Nipissings, _ib._;
recalled by the government to Quebec, 30;
employed as interpreter, _ib._;
Champlain resolves to send him on a western exploration, 33;
Nicolet had heard of the Winnebagoes, 39;
prepares, in June, 1634, to visit this and other nations, 40;
starts upon his journey, 42;
why it must have been in 1634 that Nicolet made his westward
exploration, _ib._, _et seq._;
travels up the Ottawa to the Isle des Allumettes, 46;
goes hence to the Huron villages, 47;
object of his mission there, 48;
starts for the Winnebagoes, 49;
reaches Sault Sainte Marie, 51;
did he see Lake Superior? 54;
discovers Lake Michigan, 55;
arrives at the Menomonee river, 56;
ascends Green Bay to the homes of the Winnebagoes, 60;
has a great feast with the Indians, 62;
goes up Fox river to the Mascoutins, 63;
visits the Illinois tribe, 71;
returns to the Winnebagoes, _ib._;
Nicolet's homeward trip in 1635--he calls upon the
Pottawattamies, 72;
stops at the Great Manatoulin to see a band of Ottawas, 78;
reaches the St. Lawrence in safety, 74;
settles at Three Rivers as interpreter, 77;
his kindness to the Indians, 78;
has a narrow escape from drowning, 81;
helps defend Three Rivers from an Iroquois attack, _ib._;
his marriage, _ib._;
goes to Quebec, 82;
becomes General Commissary of the Hundred Partners, _ib._;
embarks for Three Rivers, 83;
his death, 84;
Frenchmen and Indians alike mourn his fate, 87;
his memory perpetuated, 89;
his energetic character, 90;
mention of him in the parish register of Three Rivers, 93,
_et seq._;
first connected sketch published of his life and exploration,
100, _et seq._
Nicolet, Madame, 95, 96.
Nicolet, Pierre, 89.
Nicolet, Thomas, 27.
Nipissings (Nipisiriniens), 29, 30, 31, 43, 47.
Noquets, 56.
O'Callaghan's _Doc. Hist. of New York_, referred to, 36;
his _N. Y. Col. Doc._, cited, 51.
Ojibwas. See Chippewas.
Otchagras (Ochungarand). See Winnebagoes.
Otchipwes. See Chippewas.
Ottawas, 50, 52, 54, 65, 66, 73.
Ouasouarim, 50.
Oumalouminek (Oumaominiecs). See Menomonees.
Oumisagai, 51, 54.
"Ounipeg," signification of, 38.
Ounipigou. See Winnebagoes.
Outaouan. See Ottawas.
Outchougai, 50.
Parkman's _Jesuits in North America_, cited, 41, 43, 46, 80;
also, his _La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West_, 38, 58;
and his _Pioneers of France in the New World_, 52.
"People of the Falls." See Chippewas.
"People of the Sea." See Winnebagoes.
Perot, Nicolas, 84.
Petun Nation, 51, 52.
Pijart, Claudius, 96.
Poncet, Josephus, 98, 99.
Pontgrave, merchant, 15.
Pottawattamies, 71.
Quentin, Father Claude, 77, 78, 79, 93.
Racine, Claude, 82.
Racine, Etienne, 82.
Raratwaus. See Chippewas.
Raymbault, Father Charles, 83, 86, 91, 97, 101.
Richelieu, Cardinal, 21.
River des Puans (River of the Puants--River St. Francis). See Fox
river.
Rollet, Marie, 82.
Roquai. See Noquets.
Sacs (Sauks--Saukis--Sakys), 64.
Sagard's _Histoire du Canada_, cited, 38.
Sault de Sainte Marie, 51.
Sault Sainte Marie, town of, 54, 72, 97.
Sauteurs (Stiagigroone). See Chippewas.
Savigny (Chavigny), 83, 84, 85, 86, 104.
Schoolcraft's _Thirty Years with the Indian Tribes_, cited, 59.
"Sea-Tribe." See Winnebagoes.
Shea, John Gilmary, in _Wis. Hist. Soc. Coll._, 73.
Shea's _Catholic Missions_, cited, 53;
also, his _Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley_,
38, 45, 59, 63, 100;
and his _Hennepin_, 67.
Sillery, mission of, founded, 70.
Sioux (Dacotas), 37, 62, 71.
Smith's _History of Wisconsin_, cited, 27, 38, 73.
Standing Hair, the. See Ottawas.
St. Croix Fort, established, 32.
Sulte, Benjamin, in _L'Opinion Publique_, 68, 90.
Sulte's _Chronique Trifluvienne_, cited, 31;
also, his _Melanges d'Histoire et de Litterature_, 43, 84, 89.
"The Men of the Shallow Cataract." See Chippewas.
Three Rivers, parish church register of, 44, 45, 93, _et seq._
Three Rivers, town of, 31, 32, 33, 42, 45, 74, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83,
86, 103.
Tobacco Nation. See Petun Nation.
Verrazzano, John, ix.
Winnebagoes, viii, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 57,
58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 71, 72, 74, 77.
Wisconsin, derivation of the word, 59.
Wisconsin river, 59, 61, 68.
Woodman, Cyrus, 27.
Woolf river, 65, 66.
OCT. 1881.
HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS
PUBLICATIONS OF
ROBERT CLARKE & CO.
CINCINNATI, O.
ALZOG (John, D.D.) A Manual of Universal Church History. Translated by
Rev. T. J. Pabisch and Rev. T. S. Byrne. 3 vols. 8vo. 15 00
ANDERSON (E. L.) Six Weeks in Norway. 18mo. 1 00
ANDRE (Major): The Cow Chace; an Heroick Poem. 8vo. Paper. 75
ANTRIM (J.) The History of Champaign and Logan Counties, Ohio, from
their First Settlement. 12mo. 1 50
BALLARD (Julia P.) Insect Lives; or, Born in Prison. Illustrated. Sq.
12mo. 1 00
BELL (Thomas J.) History of the Cincinnati Water Works. Plates. 8vo. 75
BENNER (S.) Prophecies of Future Ups and Downs in Prices: what years to
make Money in Pig, Iron, Hogs, Corn, and Provisions. 2d ed. 24mo. 1 00
BIBLE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Records, Arguments, etc., in the Case of
Minor _vs._ Board of Education of Cincinnati. 8vo. 2 00
Arguments in Favor of the Use of the Bible. Separate. Paper. 50
Arguments Against the Use of the Bible. Separate. Paper. 50
BIDDLE (Horace P.) Elements of Knowledge. 12mo. 1 00
BIDDLE (Horace P.) Prose Miscellanies. 12mo. 1 00
BINKERD (A. D.) The Mammoth Cave of Kentucky. Paper. 8vo. 50
BOUQUET (H.) The Expedition of, against the Ohio Indians in 1764, etc.
With Preface by Francis Parkman, Jr. 8vo. $3 00. Large Paper. 6 00
BOYLAND (G. H., M.D.) Six Months Under the Red Cross with the French
Army in the Franco-Prussian War. 12mo. 1 50
BRUNNER (A. A.) Elementary and Pronouncing French Reader. 18mo. 60
BRUNNER (A. A.) The Gender of French Verbs Simplified. 18mo. 25
BURT (Rev. N. C., D.D.) The Far East; or, Letters from Egypt,
Palestine, etc. 12mo. 1 75
BUTTERFIELD (C. W.) The Discovery of the Northwest in 1634, by John
Nicolet, with a Sketch of his Life. 12mo. 1 00
BUTTERFIELD (C. W.) The Washington-Crawford Letters; being the
Correspondence between George Washington and William Crawford,
concerning Western Lands. 8vo. 1 00
CLARK (Col. George Rogers) Sketches of his Campaign in the Illinois in
1778-9. With an Introduction by Hon. Henry Pirtle, and an Appendix.
8vo. $2 00. Large paper. 4 00
COFFIN (Levi) The Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, the Reputed President of
the Underground Railroad. A Brief History of the Labors of a Lifetime
in behalf of the Slave. With Stories of Fugitive Slaves, etc., etc.
12mo. 2 00
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, ETC. The Declaration of Independence,
July 4, 1776; the Articles of Confederation, July 9, 1778; the
Constitution of the United States, September 17, 1787; the Fifteen
Amendments to the Constitution, and Index; Washington's Farewell
Address, September 7, 1796. 8vo. Paper. 25
CRAIG (N. B.) The Olden Time. A Monthly Publication, devoted to the
Preservation of Documents of Early History, etc. Originally Published
at Pittsburg, in 1846-47. 2 vols. 8vo. 10 00
DRAKE (D.) Pioneer Life in Kentucky. Edited, with Notes and a
Biographical Sketch, by his Son, Hon. Chas. D. Drake. 8vo. $3 00.
Large paper. 6 00
DUBREUIL (A.) Vineyard Culture Improved and Cheapened. Edited by Dr. J.
A. Warder. 12mo. 2 00
ELLARD (Virginia G.) Grandma's Christmas Day. Illus. Sq. 12mo. 1 00
FAMILY EXPENSE BOOK. A Printed Account Book, with appropriate Columns
and Headings, for keeping a Complete Record of Family Expenses.
12mo. 50
FINLEY (I. J.) and PUTNAM (R.) Pioneer Record and Reminiscences of the
Early Settlers and Settlement of Ross County, Ohio. 8vo. 2 50
FLETCHER (WM. B., M.D.) Cholera: its Characteristics, History,
Treatment, etc. 8vo. Paper. 1 00
FORCE (M. F.) Essays: Pre-Historic Man--Darwinism and Deity--The Mound
Builders. 8vo. Paper. 75
FORCE (M. F.) Some Early Notices of the Indians of Ohio. To What Race
did the Mound Builders belong. 8vo. Paper. 50
FREEMAN (Ellen.) Manual of the French Verb, to accompany every French
Course. 16mo. Paper. 25
GALLAGHER (Wm. D.) Miami Woods, A Golden Wedding, and other Poems.
12mo. 2 00
GIAUQUE (F.) The Election Laws of the United States: with Notes of
Decisions, etc. 8vo. Paper, 75c.; cloth, 1 00
GRIMKE (F.) Considerations on the Nature and Tendency of Free
Institutions. 8vo. 2 50
GRISWOLD (W.) Kansas: her Resources and Developments; or, the Kansas
Pilot. 8vo. Paper. 50
GROESBECK (W. S.) Gold and Silver. Address delivered before the American
Bankers' Association, in New York, September 13, 1878. 8vo. Paper. 25
HALL (James.) Legends of the West. Sketches illustrative of the Habits,
Occupations, Privations, Adventures, and Sports of the Pioneers of the
West. 12mo. 2 00
HALL (James.) Romance of Western History; or, Sketches of History, Life,
and Manners in the West. 12mo. 2 00
HANOVER (M. D.) A Practical Treatise on the Law of Horses, embracing the
Law of Bargain, Sale, and Warranty of Horses and other Live Stock; the
Rule as to Unsoundness and Vice, and the Responsibility of the
Proprietors of Livery, Auction, and Sale Stables, Inn-Keepers,
Veterinary Surgeons, and Farriers, Carriers, etc. 8vo. 4 00
HART (J. M.) A Syllabus of Anglo-Saxon Literature. 8vo. Paper. 50
HASSAUREK (F.) Four Years Among Spanish Americans. Third Edition.
12mo. 1 50
HASSAUREK (F.) The Secret of the Andes. A Romance. 12mo. 1 50
THE SAME, in German. 8vo. Paper, 50c.; cloth. 1 00
HATCH (Col. W. S.) A Chapter in the History of the War of 1812, in the
Northwest, embracing the Surrender of the Northwestern Army and Fort,
at Detroit, August 16, 1813, etc. 18mo. 1 25
HAYES (Rutherford B.) The Life, Public Services, and Select Speeches of.
Edited by J. Q. Howard. 12mo. Paper, 75c.; cloth, 1 25
HAZEN (Gen. W. B.) Our Barren Lands. The Interior of the United States,
West of the One-Hundredth Meridian, and East of the Sierra Nevada.
8vo. Paper, 50
HENSHALL (Dr. James A.) Book of the Black Bass: comprising its complete
Scientific and Life History, together with a Practical Treatise on
Agling and Fly Fishing, and a full description of Tools, Tackle, and
Implements. Illustrated. 12mo. 3 00
HORTON (S. Dana.) Silver and Gold, and their Relation to the Problem of
Resumption. 8vo. 1 50
HORTON (S. Dana.) The Monetary Situation. 8vo. Paper. 50
HOUSEKEEPING IN THE BLUE GRASS. A New and Practical Cook Book. By Ladies
of the Presbyterian Church, Paris, Ky. 12mo. 12th thousand. 1 50
HOWE (H.) Historical Collections of Ohio. Containing a Collection of the
most Interesting Facts, Traditions, Biographical Sketches, Anecdotes,
etc., relating to its Local and General History. 8vo. 6 00
HUNT (W. E.) Historical Collections of Coshocton County, Ohio. 8vo. 3 00
HUSTON (R. G.) Journey in Honduras, and Jottings by the Way.
Inter-Oceanic Railway, 8vo. Paper. 50
JACKSON (John D., M.D.) The Black Arts in Medicine, with an Anniversary
Address. Edited by Dr. L. S. McMurtry, 12mo. 1 00
JASPER (T.) The Birds of North America. Colored Plates, drawn from
Nature, with Descriptive and Scientific Letterpress. In 40 parts,
$1 00 each; or, 2 vols. Royal 4to. Half morocco, $50 00; Full
morocco, 60 00
JORDAN (D. M.) Rosemary Leaves. A Collection of Poems. 18mo. 1 50
KELLER (M. J.) Elementary Perspective, explained and applied to Familiar
Objects. Illustrated. 12mo. 1 00
KING (John.) A Commentary on the Law and True Construction of the
Federal Constitution. 8vo. 2 50
KING (M.) Pocket-Book of Cincinnati. 24mo. 15
KLIPPART (J. H.) The Principles and Practice of Land Drainage.
Illustrated. 12mo. 1 75
LAW. (J.) Colonial History of Vincennes, Indiana, under the French,
British, and American Governments. 12mo. 1 00
LLOYD (J. U.) The Chemistry of Medicines. Illus. 12mo. Cloth, $2 75;
sheep, 3 25
LONGWORTH (N.) Electra. Translated from the Greek of Sophocles. 12mo.
1 50
MCBRIDE (J.) Pioneer Biography: Sketches of the Lives of some of the
Early Settlers of Butler County, Ohio. 2 vols. 8vo. $6 50. Large
paper. Imp. 8vo. 13 00
MCLAUGHLIN (M. Louise.) China Painting. A Practical Manual for the Use
of Amateurs in the Decoration of Hard Porcelain. Sq. 12mo. Boards. 75
MCLAUGHLIN (M. Louise.) Pottery Decoration: being a Practical Manual of
Underglaze Painting, including Complete Detail of the author's Mode of
Painting Enameled Faience. Sq. 12mo. Bds. 1 00
MACLEAN (J. P.) A Manual of the Antiquity of Man. Illustrated. 12mo.
1 00
MACLEAN (J. P.) Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man. Illustrated. 12mo. 60
MACLEAN (J. P.) The Mound Builders, and an Investigation into the
Archaeology of Butler County, Ohio, Illus. 12mo. 1 50
MANSFIELD (E. D.) Personal Memories, Social, Political, and Literary.
1803-43. 12mo. 2 00
MANTPENNY (G. W.) Our Indian Wards: A History and Discussion of the
Indian Question. 8vo. 3 00
MATTHEWS (Stanley.) A Summary of the Law of Partnership. For the Use of
Business Men. 12mo. 1 25
MAY (Col. J.) Journal and Letters of, relative to Two Journeys to the
Ohio Country, 1788 and 1779. 8vo. 2 00
METTENHEIMER (H. J.) Safety Book-keeping; being a Complete Exposition of
Book-keepers' Frauds. 12mo. 1 00
MINOR (T. C., M.D.) Child-Bed Fever. Erysipelas and Puerperal Fever,
with a Short Account of both Diseases. 8vo. 2 00
MINOR (T. C., M.D.) Scarlatina Statistics of the United States. 8vo.
Paper. 50
MONTANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Contributions. Vol. I, 8vo. 3 00
MORGAN (Appleton.) The Shakspearean Myth; or, William Shakspeare and
Circumstantial Evidence. 12mo. 2 00
NAME AND ADDRESS BOOK. A Blank Book, with printed Headings and
Alphabetical Marginal Index, for Recording the Names and Addresses of
Professional, Commercial, and Family Correspondents. 8vo. 1 00
NASH (Simeon.) Crime and the Family. 12mo. 1 25
NERINCKX (Rev. Charles.) Life of, with Early Catholic Missions in
Kentucky; the Society of Jesus; the Sisterhood of Loretto, etc. By
Rev. C. P. Maes. 8vo. 2 50
NICHOLS (G. W.) The Cincinnati Organ; with a Brief Description of the
Cincinnati Music Hall. 12mo. Paper. 25
OHIO VALLEY HISTORICAL MISCELLANIES. I. Memorandums of a Tour Made by
Josiah Epsy, in the States of Ohio and Kentucky, and Indiana
Territory, in 1805. II. Two Western Campaigns in the War of 1812-13:
1. Expedition of Capt. H. Brush, with Supplies for General Hull. 2.
Expedition of Gov. Meigs, for the relief of Fort Meigs. By Samuel
Williams. III. The Leatherwood God: an account of the Appearance and
Pretensions of J. C. Dylks in Eastern Ohio, in 1828. By R. H.
Taneyhill. 1 vol. 8vo. $2 50. Large paper, 5 00
ONCE A YEAR; or, The Doctor's Puzzle. By E. B. S. 16mo. 1 00
PHISTERER (Captain Frederick.) The National Guardsman: on Guard and
Kindred Duties. 24mo. Leather. 75
PHYSICIAN'S POCKET CASE RECORD PRESCRIPTION BOOK. 35
PHYSICIAN'S GENERAL LEDGER. Half Russia. 4 00
PIATT (John J.) Penciled Fly-Leaves. A Book of Essays in Town and
Country. Sq. 16mo. 1 00
POOLE (W. F.) Anti-Slavery Opinions before 1800. An Essay. 8vo. Paper,
75c.; cloth, 1 25
PRACTICAL RECEIPTS OF EXPERIENCED HOUSE-KEEPERS. By the ladies of the
Seventh Presbyterian Church, Cin. 12mo. 1 25
PRENTICE (Geo. D.) Poems of, collected and edited, with Biographical
Sketch, by John J. Piatt. 12mo. 2 00
QUICK (R. H.) Essays on Educational Reformers. 12mo. 1 50
RANCK (G. W.) History of Lexington, Kentucky. Its Early Annals and
Recent Progress, etc. 8vo. 4 00
REEMELIN (C.) A Critical Review of American Politics. 8vo. _In Press._
REEMELIN (C.) A Treatise on Politics as a Science. 8vo. 1 50
REEMELIN (C.) The Wine-Maker's Manual. A Plain, Practical Guide to all
the Operations for the Manufacture of Still and Sparkling Wines. 12mo.
1 25
RIVES (E., M.D.) A Chart of the Physiological Arrangement of Cranial
Nerves. Printed in large type, on a sheet 28x15 inches. Folded, in
cloth case. 50
ROBERT (Karl.) Charcoal Drawing without a Master. A Complete Treatise
in Landscape Drawing in Charcoal, with Lessons and Studies after
Allonge. Translated by E. H. Appleton. Illustrated. 8vo. 1 00
ROY (George.) Generalship; or, How I Managed my Husband. A tale. 18mo.
Paper, 50c.; cloth, 1 00
ROY (George.) The Art of Pleasing. A Lecture. 12mo. Paper. 25
ROY (George.) The Old, Old Story. A Lecture. 12mo. Paper. 25
RUSSELL (A. P.) Thomas Corwin. A Sketch. 16mo. 1 00
RUSSELL (Wm.) Scientific Horseshoeing for the Different Diseases of the
Feet. Illustrated. 8vo. 1 00
SAYLER (J. A.) American Form Book. A Collection of Legal and Business
Forms, embracing Deeds, Mortgages, Leases, Bonds, Wills, Contracts,
Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Checks, Bills of Sale, Receipts,
and other Legal Instruments, prepared in accordance with the Laws of
the several States; with Instructions for drawing and executing the
same. For Professional and Business Men. 8vo. 2 00
SHEETS (Mary R.) My Three Angels: Faith, Hope, and Love. With full-page
illustrations by E. D. Grafton. 4to. Cloth. Gilt. 5 00
SKINNER (J. R.) The Source of Measures. A Key to the Hebrew-Egyptian
Mystery in the Source of Measures, etc. 8vo. 5 00
SMITH (Col. James.) A Reprint of an Account of the Remarkable
Occurrences in his Life and Travels, during his Captivity with the
Indians in the years 1755, '56, '57, '58, and '59, etc. 8vo. $2 50.
Large paper. 5 00
STANTON (H.) Jacob Brown and other Poems. 12mo. 1 50
ST. CLAIR PAPERS. A Collection of the Correspondence and other papers of
General Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Northwest Territory. Edited,
with a Sketch of his Life and Public Services, by William Henry Smith.
_In Press._
STRAUCH (A.) Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati: its History and
improvements, with Observations on Ancient and modern Places of
Sepulture. The text beautifully printed with ornamental, colored
borders, and photographic illustrations. 4to. Cloth. Gilt. 15 00
An 8vo edition, without border and illustrations. 2 00
STUDER (J. H.) Columbus, Ohio: its History, Resources, and Progress,
from its Settlement to the Present Time. 12mo. 2 00
TANEYHILL (R. H.) The Leatherwood God: an account of the Appearance and
Pretensions of Joseph C. Dylks in Eastern Ohio, in 1826. 12mo. Paper.
30
TEN BROOK (A.) American State Universities. Their Origin and Progress. A
History of the Congressional University Land Grants. A particular
account of the Rise and Development of the University of Michigan, and
Hints toward the future of the American University System. 8vo. 2 00
TILDEN (Louise W.) Karl and Gretchen's Christmas. Illustrated. Square
12mo. 75
TILDEN (Louise W.) Poem, Hymn, and Mission Band Exercises. Written and
arranged for the use of Foreign Missionary Societies and Mission
Bands. Square 12mo. Paper. 25
TRENT (Capt. Wm.) Journal of, from Logstown to Pickawillany, in 1752.
Edited by A. T. Goodman. 8vo. 2 50
TRIPLER (C. S., M.D.) and BLACKMAN (G. C., M.D.) Handbook for the
Military Surgeon. 12mo. 1 00
TYLER DAVIDSON FOUNTAIN. History and Description of the Tyler Davidson
Fountain, Donated to the City of Cincinnati, by Henry Probasco. 18mo.
Paper. 25
VAGO (A. L.) Instructions in the art of Modeling in Clay. With an
Appendix on Modeling in Foliage, etc., for Pottery and Architectural
Decorations, by Benn Pitman, of Cincinnati School of Design.
Illustrated. Square 12mo. 1 00
VANHORNE (T. B.) The History of the Army of the Cumberland; its
Organization, Campaigns, and Battles. _Library Edition._ 2 vols. With
Atlas of 22 maps, compiled by Edward Ruger. 8vo. Cloth, $8 00; Sheep,
$10 00; Half Morocco, $12 00. _Popular Edition._ Containing the same
Text as the Library Edition, but only one map. 2 vols. 8vo.
Cloth. 5 00
VENABLE (W. H.) June on the Miami, and other Poems. Second edition.
18mo. 1 50
VOORHEES (D. W.) Speeches of, embracing his most prominent Forensic,
Political, Occasional, and Literary Addresses. Compiled by his son, C.
S. Voorhees, with a Biographical Sketch and Portrait. 8vo. 5 00
WALKER (C. M.) History of Athens County, Ohio, and incidentally of the
Ohio Land Company, and the First Settlement of the State at Marietta,
etc. 8vo. $6 00. Large Paper. 2 vols. $12 00. Popular Edition. 4 00
WALTON (G. E.) Hygiene and Education of Infants; or, How to take care of
Babies. 24mo. Paper. 25
WARD (Durbin.) American Coinage and Currency. An Essay read before the
Social Science Congress, at Cincinnati, May 22, 1878. 8vo. Paper. 10
WEBB (F.) and JOHNSTON (M. C.) An Improved Tally-Book, for the use of
Lumber Dealers. 18mo. 50
WHITTAKER (J. T., M.D.) Physiology; Preliminary Lectures. Illustrated.
12mo. 1 75
WILLIAMS (A. D., M.D.) Diseases of the Ear, including Necessary Anatomy
of the Organ. 8vo. 3 50
YOUNG (A.) History of Wayne County, Indiana, from its First Settlement
to the Present Time. 8vo. 2 00
* * * * *
Transcriber's Notes
Index reordered alphabetically. Obvious printer's errors have been
repaired, otherwise spelling and punctuation are true to the original.
Italics are enclosed in _underscores_.