CRADLE MAKING.
There is a good deal said and written about the way birds build their
houses. But, really, birds do not build houses. Their houses or
dwellings are built for them by Mother Nature, and are the trees and
the bushes, and the sheltering rocks and the caves, and the cornices
of our own houses.
What birds really do build are their cradles,--little crib beds,
sometimes with rockers and sometimes without.
Birds do not make the cradle first and put the rockers on afterwards,
as a cabinet-maker would do. They first choose the best rockers in
the market, and then make the cradle on top of the rockers. Sometimes
they do a very queer thing; they find the rockers, and then build the
cradle under them. Birds have ways of their own, and they are very
good ways, as you shall see.
The rockers for a bird's cradle are of the branches of the sycamore,
or apple or orange trees, or they are of twigs of the elm or cypress,
or banana leaves. Any strong, firm twig or branch that will rock and
tilt in the breeze, makes a good rocker of the old-fashioned sort.
"Rock-a-bye baby on the tree top,
When the wind blows the cradle will rock;
When the bough breaks the cradle will fall,
Down comes baby, cradle and all."
But it is a very hard wind that can break one of these rocker boughs
or blow a bird's cradle out of its place. Sometimes a crib is blown
out of the elbow of a tree, because the nest in the elbow is not
fastened by string, as it is in a bough, but is just tucked in
between the great branches.
Birds are very wise and select their boughs with great care. Lithe,
yielding branches are just right for rockers, they will spring and
swing so readily. Sometimes a young twig and a strong old twig,
joined together, make a pair of bird rockers.
A cradle of this kind is very handy for the mother bird. The wind
rocks the babies to sleep, and the leaves sing lullaby songs, while
the mother blinks away on the nest or goes off in search of food.
Sometimes the mother herself sings the babies to sleep, sitting in
the cradle with them. Some of the finches twitter a low musical
song over their little ones, and we have often found their nests by
hearing these soft, sweet notes. One must listen as well as look, to
learn these pleasant secrets.
Some mother birds do not approve of rockers for their babies. These
are very sensible mothers. They make their cradles in the firm, still
crotch of a tree, high up among the forked branches, or lower, right
in the hollow trunk. Other birds choose the ground or low shrubs.
[Illustration: Baltimore Oriole.]
Some cradles, like those of the oriole and titmouse, are curtained
all around with beautiful lace fibre or lattice work. Other cribs
have no curtains at all except drooping leaves and waving grass.
Those of us who can afford them have eider-down quilts on our beds.
But these are rare and costly, and not many people have them. Birds
do not have to think about the cost of anything. There must be downy
quilts in every nursery. These crib blankets are always on hand.
Sometimes they are soft gray or brown in color, and sometimes they
are "crazy quilts." It all depends upon what sort of a breast the
mother bird has.
At first thought one might fear that such a quilt might be too heavy.
You see the old bird fly to the nest and settle quickly down above
her young, as if she took her seat right on their frail little backs.
She does not take the trouble to explain to you that her feet are
below and between the young birds, and that she lifts her feathers
gently. She is really a very fluffy "comfortable," soothing and warm,
covering the delicate birds, or the still more delicate eggs.
Some birds, like the hummers, build their cradles of material which
is just the color of the branch or the rockers upon which they rest.
We have seen hummer's nests on orange trees covered on the outside
with the black scales which are so frequent on these trees. We have
seen them on the sycamore trees all covered with the light yellow
wool which grows on the backs of the sycamore leaves. The birds do
this that the nests may look like a part of the branch on which they
rest. In this way these shrewd little creatures hope to deceive the
shrikes and owls and hawks and boys. It is not easy to find a nest
that looks just like everything about it.
The ground owl[14] is a queer bird. She does not select a swinging
branch or a crotch of a tree for her babies; but she takes possession
of a ground squirrel's hole and lays her eggs there. So you see it
is rather a bed than a cradle. If you are in luck, you will find
the nest of the ground owl in the ground from four to twenty feet
away from the hole or doorway. It may not be more than a few inches
under the surface of the ground, but it is hard to know just where to
strike it.
[14] _Speotyto cunicularia hypogæa._
[Illustration: Ground Owl.]
When a merry schoolboy gets a spade and flings his jacket off and
begins in good earnest to dig out a ground owl, take our word for it,
he has a good piece of work on his hands. Ten to one he will dig
till sundown, and go home tired and cross, with nothing to show for
his pains. Mr. Owl, just an inch or two from the tip of the spade, is
no doubt holding on to his sides with laughter, if owls ever do laugh
in that way.
The nest of the ground owl is not much of an affair, only some coarse
stuff lining the hollow at the end of this long hole. Mrs. Owl is
lazy, and can leave her eggs in this warm place a long time and be
sure that they will not chill. She pays her rent to the squirrels by
eating any little squirrels she can lay hands on.
[Illustration]