Great Britain, was recently delivered by Sir W. Roberts Austen on
the progress made in the iron and steel industries during the past
century. The great revolution which the discovery of steel brought
about is dwelt upon at length, and its far-reaching importance, not
only in the iron industry itself but in all other industries and in the
destinies of England herself, pointed out. In the early days of the
industry it was held that the different qualities of iron were due to
the different localities from which the ore was obtained, but late in
the eighteenth century the great Swedish chemist, Bergman, of Upsala,
clearly showed that carbon is the element to which steel and cast
iron owe their distinctive properties. Clouet’s celebrated experiment
on the carburization of iron by the diamond followed. “Well might
Bergman express astonishment at the action of carbon on iron. Startling
as the statement may seem, the destinies of England throughout the
century, and especially during the latter half of it, have been mainly
influenced by the use of steel. Hardly a step of our progress or
an incident of our civilization has not in one way or another been
influenced by the properties of iron and steel. It is remarkable that
these properties have been determined by the relations subsisting
between a mass of iron, itself protean in its nature, and the few
tenths per cent of carbon it contains.” In 1800 the production of pig
iron in England was about 200,000 tons; in 1898 it was 8,769,249 tons.
* * * * *
A note in Nature describes an ingenious arrangement for controlling
the direction of torpedoes by means of ether waves. Two solenoids,
into which are drawn iron cores, are attached to the rudder head, the
core which is drawn in depending, of course, upon the direction of the
received current. Two rods projecting above the surface of the water
receive the waves and are in circuit with a coherer of special type,
which affects a relay in the usual way. The actual processes involved
in steering and controlling a torpedo are somewhat as follows: The
torpedo, containing a suitable combination of the apparatus above
mentioned, is launched from a vessel containing the necessary sending
apparatus. Suppose the torpedo goes off its course. Then, by means of
a switch, an induction coil is supplied with an electric current, and
waves or oscillations are generated. These, on reaching the torpedo,
pass into the projecting wire and thence reach the coherer. This
operates the relay, closing the secondary circuit. An electric current
now flows through a “selector” to one of the solenoids, the iron core
is sucked into right or left, and the helm is thus turned. When the
torpedo has attained a proper course the switch is opened and the waves
cease. The vibration in the neighborhood of the coherer restores it
to the original resistance; the current passing through it becomes
weaker and ceases to affect the relay coil, which therefore opens
the secondary circuit and allows the helm to fly back to the midship
position. A large model of the apparatus has been constructed, and it
is said to work with entire success under all kinds of conditions. The
inventors are Mr. Walter Jameson and Mr. John Trotter. It is stated
that Nikola Tesla has American patents for a somewhat similar device.
* * * * *
In the absence of the author, Professor Dewar’s paper on the
solidification of hydrogen was read in the British Association by Sir
William Crook. It shows that solid hydrogen presents the appearance
of frozen water, and not, as had been anticipated by many, of frozen
mercury; hence it is now definitely decided that it is not metallic.
The temperature of the solid is 16° absolute at thirty-five millimetres
pressure, and it melts at 16° or 17° absolute, the practical limit
of the temperature obtainable by its evaporation being 14° or 15°
absolute. Thus the last of the old gas has been solidified. It was
further mentioned, in connection with these statements, that Professor
Dewar had succeeded in liquefying helium.
* * * * *
The organizing committees of the Congresses of Aëronautics and
Meteorology--these being cognate subjects--of the Exposition of 1900
have decided to hold the meetings of these bodies in such a manner that
all members can attend the sessions of both. The programme arranged for
the Aëronautical Congress contemplates the discussion, under aspects
which are set forth in detail, of “problems” relating to free balloons,
their management and use; captive balloons, steerable balloons, and
aviation; and the scientific applications of balloon observations to
problems in astronomy, meteorology, and physiology; also of their
use for purposes of reconnoissance and topographical surveys, and of
photography from balloons. In a different order of ideas, the congress
may occupy itself with questions of legislation and international law
which concern aëronauts in times of peace and of war.
* * * * *
Three State catalogues of Ohio plants have heretofore been issued.
The first, by J. S. Newberry, was published in the State Agricultural
Report in 1859; the second, by H. C. Beardslee, was published in
1874, and was reprinted in the Agricultural Report for 1879; and
the third, by W. A. Kellerman and W. C. Werner, was included in the
State Geological Report for 1893. This work contains a bibliography,
and gives the names of the first known collectors of the less common
species. A fourth catalogue, consisting of a checklist of the
_Pteridophytes_ and _Spermophytes_, recently published by Prof. W. A.
Kellerman, contains the species and varieties numbered serially, as in
the State Herbarium of nearly ten thousand sheets, with the sequence of
groups as by Engler and Prantl, and the nomenclature as used by Britton
and Brown.
NOTES.
The committee of the St. Petersburg Astronomical Society for the
revision of the Russian calendar, to make it agree with the Gregorian,
has found it necessary to move slowly. The festivals prove a formidable
obstacle to the desired reform, and the people will have to be prepared
for the change before it can be instituted. The plan now is to use
both dates, Russian and Gregorian, together till the new style can be
made familiar, and it is proposed to make the double use compulsory on
private as well as on public documents and papers.
* * * * *
A steamboat company is placing its little vessels on the canals of
Venice, and the gondolas, which were one of the charms of the city to
travelers, are destined to disappear--unless a few may be reserved to
gratify the curiosity of tourists.
* * * * *
The Commissioner of Education of Rhode Island has issued a circular
to teachers, calling attention to the work of the Audubon Society for
the Preservation of Birds, and to the incalculable value, from various
points of view, of bird life, and advises them to foster Nature study
as furnishing a natural channel by means of which instruction and
information on the subject may readily be brought before the children,
and through them to the people generally.
* * * * *
In a paper on The Ultimate Basis of Time Divisions in Geology, T.
C. Chamberlin accepts it as proved that there were no universal
breaks in sedimentation or in the fundamental continuity of life, no
physical cataclysms attended by universal destruction of life, and
that sedimentation has been in constant progress somewhere and life
continuous and self-derivative since the beginning. He then raises the
question whether this continuity of physical and vital action proceeded
by heterogeneous impulses or by correlated pulsations. The author’s
conclusion is in favor of the hypothesis of correlated pulsations
involving a rhythmical periodicity.
* * * * *
Nettle fiber is said to be coming into great favor for the manufacture
of fine yarns and tissues. Several factories in Germany are using it,
and the introduction of the extensive cultivation of nettles into the
African colony of the Cameroons is contemplated.
* * * * *
There are now, according to the last annual Report of the Commissioner
of the General Land Office, thirty-six forest reservations (exclusive
of the Afognak Forest and Fish-Culture Reserve in Alaska) in the United
States, embracing an estimated area of 46,021,899 acres. This estimate
is for the aggregate areas within the boundaries of the reservations,
but the lands reserved are only the vacant public lands therein. The
actual reserved area is therefore somewhat less than the estimate.
* * * * *
Experiments made by Professor Dewar and Sir W. Thisleton Dyer, and
reported to the British Association, upon the effect of the temperature
of liquid hydrogen upon the germinative power of seeds, go to show that
life goes on at a temperature so low that ordinary chemical action is
practically stopped. Seeds of barley, vegetable marrow, mustard, and
the pea were immersed in liquid hydrogen for six hours, cooled to a
temperature of 453° F. below the temperature of melting ice, and came
out unchanged to the eye, and, when planted, all germinated.
* * * * *
Sir John Lubbock, having been raised to the peerage, has adopted Lord
Avebury as his title, and will be henceforth so known.
* * * * *
In our obituary list of men known to science are the names of N. E.
Green, F. R. A. S., who was distinguished for the excellence of his
planetary observations, particularly of Mars, made at Madeira in 1877,
and was the second President of the British Astronomical Association,
died November 10th, in his seventy-sixth year; Prof. E. E. Hughes,
inventor of the Hughes printing telegraph machine, the microphone, and
the induction balance, Fellow of the Royal Society, gold medalist, and
Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, who was born in London in 1831 and
was brought to the United States at an early age; Mr. J. R. Gregory,
mineralogist; M. Marion, professor in the Scientific Faculty in the
University of Marseilles and Keeper of the Natural History Museum
there, who took part in the dredging trips of the Travailleur and the
Talisman, and contributed to the _Annales_ of the museum at Marseilles;
Dr. Hans Bruno Geinitz, geologist and paleontologist, at Dresden,
Saxony, in his eighty-sixth year; Walter Götze, botanist, while on an
expedition to German East Africa, December 9th; and Mr. W. T. Suffolk,
treasurer of the Royal Microscopical Society of Great Britain.
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
Agricultural Experiment Stations. Bulletins and Reports. Connecticut:
Twenty-third Annual Report. Part I. Fertilizers. Pp. 92; Bulletin No.
130. Commercial Feeding Stuffs in the Connecticut Market.--North Dakota
Weather and Crop Service, November, 1899, and January, 1900. Pp. 8
each.--United States Department of Agriculture: Agrostology Circular
No. 54. Smooth Brome-Grass. Pp. 10; No. 57. Experiments with Forage
Plants in Ontario. Pp. 3; Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes.
Summary for the Season of 1899. Vol. II, No. 9. By Alfred J. H. Henry
and Norman B. Conger. Pp. 28, with maps.--West Virginia: Bulletin No.
61. Sheep-Feeding Experiments. By J. H. Stewart and Horace Atwood. Pp.
10; No. 62. A Study of the Effect of Incandescent Gaslight on Plant
Growth. By L. C. Corbett. Pp. 38, with plates.
American Grocer Publishing Company. Scientific Testimony against
the use of Alum in Food. (Evidence before the United States Senate
Investigating Committee.) Pp. 12.
Andrews, William. The Diuturnal Theory of the Earth, or Nature’s System
of constructing a Stratified Physical World. New York: Myra Andrews
and Ernest G. Stevens, 18 West Forty-fifth Street.
Benson, Lawrence Sluter. Principles of Finite Values in Mathematics.
Pp. 6.
Bland, Rev. J. P., Cambridge, Mass. What we Know about God. Pp. 12.
Bulletins, Reports, Announcements, etc. American Association for
the Advancement of Science: Forty-eighth Annual Meeting, Columbus,
Ohio, 1899. Proceedings. Pp. 527, with plates of portraits.--Annals
of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College. Vol. XXXII,
Part II. Visual Observations of the Moon and Planets. By. W. H.
Pickering, Director. Pp. 212, with plates; Vol. XXXIII. Miscellaneous
Researches, 1897-1899. Pp. 287, with plates; Vol. XLII, Part II.
Observations made at the Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory,
Massachusetts, 1897 and 1898, under the Direction of A. Lawrence
Rotch. Pp. 150.--Columbia University, New York: Summer Session, 1900.
Announcement. Pp. 24.--Cuba, Department of Posts: Annual Report for
the Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1899. Pp. 215.--Interstate Commerce
Commission: Preliminary Report on the Income Account of Railways in the
United States, to June 30, 1899. Pp. 70.--Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Boston: Annual Catalogue, 1899-1900. Pp. 357.--Michigan:
Thirty-eighth Annual Report of the Secretary of the State Board of
Agriculture, and Twelfth Annual Report of the Experiment Station. Pp.
465.--Missouri Botanical Garden: Twelfth Annual Report. By William
Trelease. Pp. 151, with plates.--New York State: Report of the
Committee on Canals, 1899. Pp. 231, with charts; Sixteenth Annual
Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1898. Pp. 1179--Perkins
Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind: Sixty-eighth Annual
Report. Pp. 325.--United States Department of Labor: Bulletin No. 26.
January, 1900. Pp. 236.--United States Geological Survey: Nineteenth
Annual Report. Part V. Forest Reserves. Pp. 400, with portfolio of maps.
Burns, J. J. The Story of English Kings according to Shakespeare. New
York: D. Appleton and Company. (Home-Reading Books.) Pp. 272.
Chambers, G. F. The Story of Eclipses. (Library of Useful Stories.) New
York: D. Appleton and Company. Pp. 222, with plates. 40 cents.
Citator, The. Ohio Edition. (Register of Citations in Legal Practice.)
Quarterly. Lapeer, Mich. Pp. 102.
Clinical Excerpts. Elberfeld Company, New York. Pp. 20.
Coulter, John M. Plant Structures. A Second Book of Botany. New York:
D. Appleton and Company. (Twentieth Century Text-Books.) Pp. 348. $1.20.
Deniker, J. The Races of Men. An Outline of Anthropology and
Ethnography. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. (Contemporary Science
Series.) Pp. 611. $1.50.
Echeveria i Reyes, Anibal. Voces Usadas en Chile. (Errors of Speech.)
Santiago. Pp. 246.
Hannay, P. M. How to gain Health and Long Life. Chicago: The Hazel
Pure-Food Company. Pp. 114.
I am that I am. A Dialogue of the Gods. By Sum quod Sum. New York:
Library of Liberal Classics. Pp. 21. 10 cents.
Kent, Rev. Alexander. The Plan of Salvation. Pp. 16.
La Pouge, G. Vachet de. L’Aryen Son Role Social. (The Aryan, his Social
Office.) Paris: Albert Fontemoing. Pp. 569. 10 francs.
Macmillan, The, Company. Announcements of New Books, Spring, 1900. Pp.
44.
McIlwraith, J. N. Canada. (History for Young Readers.) New York: D.
Appleton and Company. Pp. 252.
Manning, Warren H. A Handbook for Planning and Planting Small Home
Grounds. Stout Manual-Training School, Menomonee, Wis. Pp. 76.
Richter, Victor von. Organic Chemistry, or Chemistry of the Carbon
Compounds. Edited by Prof. R. Anschütz and Dr. G. Schroeter. Authorized
translation by Edgar F. Smith. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston’s Son & Co.
Pp. 671. $3.
Richardson, Harriet. A New Species of Idotea, from Hakodate Bay, Japan.
Pp. 4.
Ward, Lester F. Description of a New Genus and Twenty New Species of
Fossil Cycadean Trunks from the Jurassic of Wyoming. Pp. 32, with 7
plates.
Wooster, L. C. Educational Value of the Natural Sciences. Pp. 18.
INDEX.
ARTICLES MARKED WITH AN ASTERISK ARE ILLUSTRATED.
Aggression, External and Internal. (Table), 386
Agnosticism and Naturalism, Professor Ward on. H. Spencer, 349
Agricultural Education in Foreign Countries. W. E. De Riemer, 218
Agriculture: Alkali Soils in Montana. (Frag.), 734
” Manuring with Brains. (Frag.), 731
” Sea Water, Effect of, on Soil. (Frag.), 508
Air Flight, Early Experiments in. M. B. Rivet, 603
Alkali Soils in Montana. (Frag.), 734
Allen, Grant, Death of. (Frag.), 389
Amazonian Pygmies, Stories of. (Frag.), 733
A More Excellent Way. (Table), 729
Anarchist, A Paradoxical. C. Lombroso*, 312
Anglo-Saxon Superiority. (Frag.), 620
Animals of the Ocean Depths. (Frag.), 736
” Reason? Do. Rev. E. R. Young*, 105
” ” ” (Corr.), 122
Annual Flowers. (Frag.), 394
Anthropological Traits, Zola’s. (Frag.), 388
Anthropology: Amazonian Pygmies, Stories of. (Frag.), 733
” Anglo-Saxon Superiority. (Frag.), 620
” A Survival of Mediæval Credulity. E. P. Evans, 577
” Malay Folklore. R. C. Ford, 239
” Origins of the American Races, Professor Putnam on.
(Frag.), 507
Appleton, William H., The Late. (Table), 265
Archæology: Athabascan Indian Lodge, An. (Frag.), 292
” Egyptian Exploration, Recent Years of. W. M. Flinders
Petrie, 625
” Ophir, The Site of. (Frag.), 736
” Vinland and its Ruins. C. Horsford*, 160
Art Form, The Study of. D. Cady Eaton*, 685
” Value of the Study of. G. Perrot, 204
Artificial India Rubber. (Frag.), 136
Astronomy, Advance of, in the Nineteenth Century. Sir R. S. Ball, 289
” Forenoon and Afternoon. C. F. Dowd, 492
” Gegenschein, The. (Frag.), 618
” Scenes on the Planets. G. P. Serviss*, 337
Athabascan Indian Lodge, An. (Frag.), 392
Bacteria of the Dairy. (Frag.), 284
Ball, Sir R. S. Advance of Astronomy in the Nineteenth Century, 289
Baxter, William, Jr. What makes the Trolley Car go*, 316, 408, 564
Becker, W. F., M. D. The Morbid Sense of Injury, 596
Birds, Busy. (Frag.), 138
Blind Fishes of North America. C. H. Eigenmann*, 473
Books Noticed, 126, 268
Anthropological Institute of Great Britain, Quarterly Journal of,
277.
Astronomy, Elements of Practical. W. W. Campbell, 129.
-- Stars and Telescopes. D. B. Todd, 132.
Barrett, John. The Philippine Islands and American Interests in the
Far East, 133.
Beeman, W. W., and Smith, D. E. New Plane and Solid Geometry, 273.
Binet, Alfred. The Psychology of Reasoning, 274.
Biology. Living Organism, The. A. Earl, 131.
Botany. California Plants in their Homes. A. M. Davidson, 130.
-- Plant Relations. J. M. Coulter, 131.
British Race, The Story of the. J. Munro, 272.
Buckley, J. M. Extemporaneous Oratory, 270.
Bullen, F. T. Idylls of the Sea, 271.
Campbell, W. W. Elements of Practical Astronomy, 129.
Chemical Jurisprudence, Notes on. H. Huntington, 133.
Cities, Growth of, in the Nineteenth Century. A. F. Weber, 126.
Civil Engineers, Proceedings of the American Association of. April,
1899, 278.
Cope, E. D. Vertebrate Remains from the Port Kennedy Deposit, 133.
Coulter, John M. Plant Relations, 131.
Cragin, Belle S. Our Insect Friends and Foes, 273.
Croke, W. J. D. Architecture, Painting, and Printing at Subiaco,
134.
Crook, James K. Mineral Waters of the United States and their
Therapeutic Uses, 127.
Dalton, D. How to Swim, 277.
Davidson, Alice M. California Plants in their Homes, 130.
Diet in Illness and Convalescence. A. W. Winthrop, 271.
Earl, A. The Living Organism, 131.
Economics. Liquor Laws, Centralized Administration of. C. M. L.
Sites, 275.
Electricity. Accumulators, Small. P. Marshall, 276.
Entomology. Butterflies, Everyday. S. H. Scudder, 128.
-- Insect Friends and Foes. B. S. Cragin, 273.
Erlingsson, T. Ruins of the Saga Times, 277.
Fish and Fisheries, Report of United States Commission of, for Year
ending June 30, 1898, 276.
Fiske, John. Through Nature to God, 268.
Gardiner, C. A. Our Right to Acquire and Hold Foreign Territory, 134.
Gellé, M. E. L’Audition et ses Organes, 128.
Gelman, F. H. Elements of Blowpipe Analysis, 279.
Geological Survey, United States, Eighteenth Annual Report, 272.
Geometry, New Plane and Solid. Beeman and Smith, 273.
Heilprin, A. Alaska and the Klondike, 270.
History of the American Nation. A. C. McLaughlin, 129.
Huntington, H. Notes on Chemical Jurisprudence, 133.
Idylls of the Sea. F. T. Bullen, 271.
Insect Friends and Foes. B. S. Cragin, 273.
Interstate Commerce Commission, Tenth Annual Report of, 276.
Jacoby, J. The Object of the Labor Movement, 279.
Knowledge, Methods of. W. Smith, 273.
Kruger, F. T. A Step Forward, 275.
Labor Movement, The Object of the, 279.
Leonard, J. W. Who’s Who In America, 274.
Lucas, F. A. The Hermit Naturalist, 133.
Luquer, L. McI. Minerals in Rock Sections, 130.
McLaughlin, A. C. History of the American Nation, 129.
Marshall, P. Small Accumulators, 276.
Mathematics. Trigonometry, Elements of. H. C. Whitaker, 130.
Medicine. Transactions Wyoming State Medical Society. First and
Second Regular Meetings, 279.
Memory, The Philosophy of, and Other Essays, 274.
Mineralogy. Blowpipe Analysis, Elements of. F. H. Gelman, 279.
-- Colombia, The Ores of. H. W. Nichols, 132.
-- Crystals, The Characters of. A. J. Moses, 129.
-- Microscopic Identification of Minerals in Rock Sections. L. McI.
Luquer, 130.
Mineral Waters of the United States. James K. Crook, 127.
Montaigne on the Education of Children. L. E. Rector, 278.
Moore, J. H. Better World Philosophy, 276.
Morehouse, G. W. The Wilderness of Worlds, 131.
Moses, A. J. The Characters of Crystals, 129.
Munro, John. The Story of the British Race, 272.
Naturalist, The Hermit. F. A. Lucas, 133.
Nichols, H. W. The Ores of Colombia, 132.
Oratory, Extemporaneous. J. M. Buckley, 270.
Philosophy, Better World. J. H. Moore, 276.
-- Through Nature to God. John Fiske, 268.
Physiology. Hearing and its Organs. M. E. Gellé, 128.
Port Kennedy Deposit, Vertebrate Remains from. E. D. Cope, 133.
Psychologique, L’Année. A. Binet, 278.
Psychology of Reasoning, The. A. Binet, 274.
Railway Statistics in United States, Tenth Annual Report of
Interstate Commerce Commission, 276.
Reasoning, The Psychology of. A. Binet, 274.
Reason, The Dawn of. J. Weir, Jr., 275.
Rector, L. E. Montaigne on the Education of Children, 278.
Saga Times, Ruins of the. T. Erlingsson, 277.
Scudder, S. H. Everyday Butterflies, 128.
Sites, Clement M. L. Centralized Administration of the Liquor Laws,
275.
Smith, D. T. The Philosophy of Memory and Other Essays, 274.
Smith, W. Methods of Knowledge, 273.
Southern Magazine, The, 278.
Subiaco, Architecture, Painting, and Printing at. W. J. D. Croke,
134.
Swift, M. L. Anti-Imperialism, 134.
Swim, How to. D. Dalton, 277.
Todd, D. B. Stars and Telescopes, 132.
Weber, Adna Ferrin. Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century, 126.
Weir, J., Jr. The Dawn of Reason, 275.
Whitaker, H. C. Elements of Trigonometry, 130.
Who’s Who in America. J. W. Leonard, 274.
Wilderness of Worlds, The. G. W. Morehouse, 131.
Winthrop, Alice W. Diet in Illness and Convalescence, 271.
Witt, H. Fundamental Principles of Nature, Some Observations on the,
132.
Wyoming State Medical Society, Transactions of First and Second
Regular Meetings, 279.
Botanical Garden’s Museum, New York. (Frag.), 733
Botany: Annual Flowers. (Frag.), 394
” Genuine Starch Factories. B. D. Halsted*, 716
” Plant Names, English. (Frag.), 140
” The New Field of. B. D. Halsted, 98
Briggs, C. A. Is the Christian Religion Declining?, 423
Brooks, W. K. The Wonderful Century, 25
Broom as a Spreader of Disease, The. (Frag.), 734
Bunsen, Death of. (Frag.), 281
Calcium, Metallic. (Frag.), 283
California, Forestry in. (Frag.), 509
Cambridge University. (An English University.) H. Stotesbury*, 14
Canals, Future of the New York. (Frag.), 735
Carbonic Acid and Climate. (Frag.), 621
Carrington, James B. Winter Birds in a City Park*, 366
Cements, Action of, on Sea Water. (Frag.), 733
Chemistry: A Hundred Years of. F. W. Clarke, 673
” Calcium, Metallic. (Frag.), 283
” Hydrogen, The Solidification of. (Frag.), 618
” New Element, Another. (Frag.), 509
Children, Literature for. (Frag.), 618
China, Trade Corporations in. M. Courant, 722
Christian Religion Declining? Is the. C. A. Briggs, 423
City Roadways, Modern. N. P. Lewis*, 524
Civilized and Savage. (Frag.), 141
Clarke, F. W. A Hundred Years of Chemistry, 673
” ” ” The Man of Science in Practical Affairs, 487
Climate and Carbonic Acid. (Frag.), 621
Colored Labor, Educated. (Frag.), 141
Columbus, Ohio, Geology of. (Frag.), 141
Commission in Difficulties, A. (Table), 614
Cook, O. “Ribbon Lightning”*, 587
Courant, M. Trade Corporations in China, 722
Criminal Jurisprudence, Decline of, in America. G. C. Speranza, 466
Criminology: Anarchist, A Paradoxical. C. Lombroso*, 312
” Typical Criminals. Rev. S. A. Smith*, 539
Dairy, Bacteria of the. (Frag.), 284
“Dark Lightning.” (Frag.), 505
Dastre, M. A. The Scavengers of the Body, 379
Dawson, Sir William, Death of. (Frag.), 390
Democracy, Real Problems of. F. Smith, 1
Destruction of the Birds. (Frag.), 393
Development of the American Newspaper. W. L. Hawley*, 186
Diamonds, Emigrant, in America. William H. Hobbs*, 73