CHAPTER VIII.

UNCLE THOMAS TELLS ABOUT PARROTS, THEIR SEEMING INTELLIGENCE, AND

RELATES SEVERAL CURIOUS STORIES OF THEIR POWER OF IMITATING THE

HUMAN VOICE.

“To-night,” said Uncle Thomas, on the following evening, “I am going to

tell you about a family of Birds, which, from the splendour of their

plumage, and the ease with which they can be taught to imitate the human

voice, have continued to be great favourites ever since their

introduction into Europe.”

“Oh! it is Parrots you mean, I suppose, Uncle Thomas!” said Jane.

“It is so, Jane,” said Uncle Thomas; “and I have many very curious

stories to tell you about them.”

“Where do Parrots come from?” asked Mary.

“They are found in all the tropical countries,” said Uncle Thomas; “in

the West Indies, in Africa, in the Islands of the Pacific and Indian

Oceans, and one species is a native of America. There are a great many

varieties which are known by the names of Parrots, Macaws, Cockatoos,

Parrakeets, Lories, &c., but notwithstanding the favour which is shown

to them when domesticated, very little is known of their habits in a

wild state. This arises in a great measure from the nature of their

places of resort. They chiefly inhabit the luxuriant forests of the

tropics, feeding on the nuts and berries, of which there exists an

everlasting succession; but so luxuriant is the growth of the vegetable

kingdom in these regions, that the forests are in most cases quite

impenetrable by man. Many of the most luxuriant, indeed, grow in

marshes, so as to be quite inaccessible, and in all of them the

exhalations, which are constantly given out by decaying vegetable

matter, renders the air pestilent to human beings; and should a

traveller attempt to explore them, he would never return to publish the

tale of his adventures.”

“Do they talk as they fly about in a wild state?” asked Harry.

“No,” said Uncle Thomas, “they do not; that is entirely the effect of

education. Their native cry is harsh and discordant, and has been not

inaptly called a scream. It is their faculty of imitation which enables

them to utter words and phrases in tones so like the human voice as to

be readily mistaken for it. Many curious stories are told of their

powers in this way, and some of them would almost lead us to believe

that the creature was endowed with human intelligence. Mr. Jesse was so

surprised by what he saw and heard of one at Hampton Court, that he

requested the sister of its owner to furnish him with some particulars

respecting it. Here they are in her own words:—

“As you wished me to write down whatever I could collect about my

sister’s wonderful Parrot, I proceed to do so, only premising that I

will tell you nothing but what I can vouch for having myself heard. Her

laugh is quite extraordinary, and it is impossible to help joining in it

oneself, more especially, when in the midst of it she cries out, ‘don’t

make me laugh so, I shall die, I shall die,’ and then continues laughing

more violently than before. Her crying and sobbing are curious, and if

you say ‘Poor Poll, what is the matter?’ she says, ‘So bad, so bad, got

such a cold,’ and after crying for some time, will gradually cease, and

making a noise like drawing a long breath, say ‘better now,’ and begin

to laugh.

“The first time I ever heard her speak was one day when I was talking to

the maid, at the bottom of the stairs, and heard what I then considered

to be a child call out, ‘Payne (the maid’s name), I am not well, I’m not

well!’ And on my saying, ‘What is the matter with that child?’ she

replied, ‘It is only the Parrot, she always does so when I leave her

alone, to make me come back;’ and so it proved, for on her going into

the room, the Parrot stopped, and then began laughing quite in a jeering

way.

“It is singular, that whenever she is affronted in any way she begins to

cry, and when pleased, to laugh. If any one happens to cough or sneeze,

she says, ‘What a bad cold.’ One day when the children were playing with

her, the maid came into the room, and on their repeating to her several

things which the Parrot had said, Poll looked up, and said quite

plainly, ‘No I didn’t.’ Sometimes when she is inclined to be

mischievous, the maid threatens to beat her, and she often says, ‘No you

won’t.’ She calls the Cat very plainly, ‘Puss, Puss,’ and then answers,

‘_Mew_;’ but the most amusing part is, that whenever I want to make her

call it, and to that purpose say, ‘Puss, Puss,’ myself, she always

answers, ‘_Mew_,’ till I begin mewing, and then she begins calling

‘Puss’ as quick as possible. She imitates every kind of noise, and barks

so naturally, that I have known her to set all the Dogs on the parade at

Hampton Court barking, and I dare say, if the truth was known, wondering

what was barking at them! and the consternation I have seen her cause in

a party of Cocks and Hens by her crowing and chuckling has been the most

ludicrous thing possible. She sings just like a child, and I have more

than once thought it was a human being; and it is most ridiculous to

hear her make what we should call a false note, and then say, ‘Oh la!’

and burst out laughing at herself, beginning again quite in another key.

She is very fond of singing, ‘Buy a Broom,’ which she says quite

plainly; but, in the same spirit as in calling the Cat, if we may say,

with a view to make her repeat it, ‘Buy a broom,’ she always says ‘Buy a

_brush_,’ and then laughs as a child might do when mischievous. She

often performs a kind of exercise which I do not know how to describe,

except by saying that it is like the lance exercise. She puts her claw

behind her, first on one side and then on the other, then in front, and

round over her head, and whilst doing so, keeps saying, ‘Come on, come

on!’ and when finished, says ‘Bravo, beautiful!’ and draws herself up.

Before I was as well acquainted with her as I am now, she would stare in

my face for some time, and then say, ‘How d’ye do, Ma’am?’ this she

invariably does to strangers. One day, I went into the room where she

was, and said, to try her, ‘Poll, where is Payne gone?’ and to my

astonishment, and almost dismay, she said, ‘Down stairs.’

“That looks very much as if it understood what was said to it,” remarked

Harry.

“It does so,” said Uncle Thomas; “and can only be accounted for by

supposing it to be one of those curious coincidences which sometimes

surprise us. I can, however, tell you a story in which, though the

Parrots could only utter a couple of phrases each, they used them as

naturally as if they had a whole vocabulary at command:—

“A tradesman who had a shop in the Old Bailey, opposite the prison, kept

two Parrots, the one green, and the other grey. The green Parrot was

taught to speak when there was a knock at the street door; the grey put

in his word whenever the bell was rung; but they only knew two short

phrases of English a-piece, though they pronounced these very

distinctly. The house in which their owner lived had a projecting

old-fashioned front, so that the first floor could not be seen from the

pavement on the same side of the way; and one day when they were left at

home by themselves, hanging out of a window, some one knocked at the

street door. “Who’s there?” said the green Parrot, in the exercise of

his office. “The man with the leather!” was the reply; to which the bird

answered with his farther store of language, “Oh, ho!” The door not

being opened immediately as he expected, the stranger knocked a second

time. “Who’s there?” said the green Parrot again.—“Who’s there!” said

the man with the leather, flying into a passion, ‘Why don’t you come

down?’ to which the Parrot again made answer, ‘Oh, ho!’ This response so

enraged the visitor that he dropped the knocker and rang furiously at

the house bell; but this proceeding brought the grey Parrot, who called

out in a new voice, ‘Go to the gate.’—‘To the gate?’ muttered the

appellant, who saw no such convenience, and imagined that the servants

were bantering him. ‘What gate?’ cried he, getting out into the kennel,

that he might have the advantage of seeing who it was that spoke to him.

‘Newgate,’ responded the grey Parrot, just at the moment when his

species was discovered.

“Capital!” said Frank, laughing.

“So you see, Frank,” said Uncle Thomas, “that the appropriate answers

given by Parrots are not always the result of intelligence.

“Perhaps the most celebrated Parrot,” continued Uncle Thomas, “whose

sayings and doings figure in history, is one—a blue Macaw—which belonged

to the late Dr. Thornton, who bought it for fifteen guineas, to grace

his museum. When in a confined exhibition-room in Bond-street, where it

was kept chained by the leg, it made those screaming noises so offensive

in its tribe, and seemed sulky and unhappy; but being brought to the

doctor’s house (his botanical exhibition having closed), from motives of

humanity, the chain was removed that confined it to its perch. At first

its feet were so cramped, and the muscles so much weakened from long

disuse, that it could not walk. It tottered at every step, and appeared,

in a few minutes only, greatly fatigued. Its liberated feet, however,

soon acquired uncommon agility, its plumage grew more resplendent, and

it became completely happy. It no longer indulged in screams of

discontent, and all its gestures denoted gratitude. Its food, was now

changed, it breakfasted with the family, having toast and butter; and

dined upon potatoes, hard dumplings, with fruit occasionally after

dinner. Like other Parrots, it never drank. Its sense of smell was

uncommonly quick. It soon learned to know the time of meals, which it

marked by a continued agitation of the wings, and anxiously running up

and down its pole.

“When it received food it half opened its wings, and contracted the

pupils of its eyes, and uttered a pleasing note of thankfulness. If it

got any food of which it was not very fond, it held it in his left foot,

and having eaten a little, threw the rest down; but if the food was nice

and abundant, it carefully conveyed it to its tin reservoir, and left

for another repast that which it could not immediately consume. It soon

forgot its barbarous sounds, and imitated words; and for hours together

amused itself by saying, ‘Poll,’—‘Macaw,’—‘Turn him out,’—‘Pretty

fellow,’—‘Saucy fellow,’—‘What’s o’clock,’ laughing, and calling out the

names of the doctor’s children. If any of them were hurt, it gave the

first alarm; nor did it desist until they were attended to. The doctor’s

son, observing the sagacity of this bird, undertook to instruct it. He

taught it at the word of command to descend from its perch and stand

upon his finger; then, by another order, it turned itself downwards, and

hung upon the fore-finger by one foot, although the body was swung about

with considerable violence. Being asked how a bad person should be

served? it seized its master’s finger, suspended itself by its bill,

like one hanging. At the command of its master it extended his wings to

show their beauty. It would then fan the spectators with his wings; it

was next put on the ground, and walked as readily backwards as forwards,

with its two toes in front, and two behind. It would then clamber like a

sailor up the mizen-mast and with its two open mandibles embraced its

perch, which was nearly two inches in thickness. Placed there, it was

asked—if a certain gentleman were to come near him, how he should be

served? It shook its head several times, raised its wings, erected its

feathers and opening its mouth, laid hold of a finger, seemingly in

earnest, and kept biting it, as though it would have taken it off,

opposing every resistance; and when it liberated the finger, uttered a

scream. It was then asked how it would serve its master?—when it would

silently bite his finger, caress it with its beak and tongue, and hold

its head down, as expecting it to be scratched. Nor is this all: a nut

being given to it, while on the lower part of his stand, it mounted the

upright stick, and the nut disappeared without the spectator being able

to tell how. At the word of command it presented the nut to the company,

held it in its paw, and then cracked it. It had been taught to conceal

the nut under its tongue, in the hollow of the under mandible. When a

peach-stone was given to it, it found out its natural division, and by

repeated efforts contrived to open it and eat the kernel. When nuts were

presented to it, it became agitated, and had so much sagacity that,

without cracking, when it took up a bad nut, it very indignantly threw

it on the ground. It was remarkably fond of music; and with motions of

its feet along the perch, movements of its wings, and its head moving

backwards and forwards, it danced to all lively tunes, and kept exact

time. If, however, any person sung or played in wrong measure it quickly

desisted.

“This interesting animal was very friendly to strangers, but put on a

terrific appearance towards children, and was very jealous of infants.

In rainy weather the blue feathers looked green; and also in clear

weather when there were vapours in the sky; hence it was an admirable

weather-gauge. What proved a peculiar sagacity in its imitations was,

that these it effected sometimes without its voice: for example, there

was a scissors-grinder who came into the street, where the bird was

kept, every Friday. All Parrots have a file in the inside of the upper

mandible, with which they grind down the under bill, and in this they

are employed for an hour every evening. This sound people usually

mistake for snoring. This scraping was attempted, but its nice ear

marked the difference, and had recourse to his claws, which it struck

against the perch, armed with tin, and, observing the time of the

turning of the wheel, it effected a most exact imitation, which it

repeated every Friday.”

When each of his little auditors had expressed their admiration of the

fine Macaw about which he had told them, Uncle Thomas proceeded to

relate several other interesting stories about Parrots.

“A gentleman who resided at Gosport in Hampshire, and frequently had

occasion to cross the water to Portsmouth, was astonished one day on

going to the beach to look for a boat, and finding none, to hear the

words distinctly repeated,—“Over, Master? Going over?” Which is the

manner that watermen are in the habit of accosting people when they are

waiting for passengers. The cry still assailing his ears, he looked

earnestly around him, to discover from whence it came; when, to his

great surprise, he discovered that it proceeded from a Parrot in a cage

suspended from a public-house window on the beach.

“Another very amusing incident,” continued Uncle Thomas, “occurred some

years since in Boston. An American Parrot, that had been taught to

whistle in the manner of calling a Dog, was sitting in his cage at the

door of a shop. As he was amusing himself in exercising his talents in

this way, a large Dog happened to pass; the animal imagining that he

heard the call of his master, turned suddenly about and ran towards the

cage of the Parrot. At this moment, the bird, somewhat alarmed,

exclaimed vehemently, ‘Get out, you brute!’ The astonished dog hastily

retreated, leaving those who were within hearing to enjoy the joke.

“Though the power of speech is entirely an imitative one in the Parrot,”

said Uncle Thomas, “you must not consider it as deficient in the

qualities which recommend birds in general to our regard. Parrots are

very affectionate creatures, though, as with us they are generally kept

solitary, we have seldom an opportunity of observing their conduct

towards each other.

“A French writer records a very interesting instance of affection in a

pair of these birds. A solitary gentleman, whose principal delight had

been in observing the manners and habits of animals, gives the following

account of the affection of two Parrots. They were of that kind of

Parrokeet called Guinea Sparrows, and kept in a square cage, such as is

usually appropriated to that species of bird. The cup which contained

their food was placed in the bottom of the cage. The male was almost

continually seated on the same perch with the female. They sat close

together, and viewed each other from time to time with evident

tenderness. If they separated, it was but for a few moments, for they

hastened to return and resume their situation. They commonly took their

food together, and then retired to the highest perch of the cage. They

often appeared to engage in a kind of conversation, which they continued

for some time, and seemed to answer each other, varying their sounds,

and elevating and lowering their voices. Sometimes they seemed to

quarrel, but those emotions were but of a momentary duration, and

succeeded by additional tenderness. This happy pair thus passed four

years in a climate greatly different from that in which they had before

lived. At the end of that period the female fell into a state of

languor, which had all the appearance of old age. At length she was no

longer able to move about to take her food, but the male, ever attentive

and alert in whatever concerned her, brought it in his bill, and emptied

it into hers. She was in this manner supplied by her vigilant purveyor

during the space of four months. The infirmities of his dear companion

increased daily. She became at last unable to sit upon the perch; and

remained, therefore, crouched at the bottom of the cage, and from time

to time made a few ineffectual efforts to regain the lowest perch. The

male, who ever remained attentive and close by her, seconded these her

feeble efforts with all his power. Sometimes he seized with his beak the

upper part of her wing, by way of drawing her to him; sometimes he took

her by the bill and endeavoured to raise her up, repeating these efforts

many times. His motions, his gestures, his countenance, his continual

solicitude, every thing in this interesting bird, expressed an ardent

desire to aid the weakness of his mate, and to alleviate her sufferings.

But the scene became still more interesting when the female was on the

point of expiring. The unhappy male went round and round the dying

female without ceasing. He redoubled his assiduities and tender cares.

He tried to open her bill, with a design to give her nourishment. His

emotion increased every instant; he paced and repaced the cage in the

greatest agitation, and, at intervals, uttered the most plaintive cries.

At other times he fixed his eyes upon the female, and preserved the most

sorrowful silence. It was impossible to mistake these expressions of his

grief or despair; the most insensible of mankind would have been moved.

His faithful consort at last expired. From that moment he himself

languished, and survived her but a few months.”

“An instance of the same kind,” continued Uncle Thomas, “is related by

Mr. Audubon, in an account which he gives of an experiment to teach a

Carolina Parrokeet to speak.—‘Anxious,’ says he, ‘to try the effects of

education on one which I had but slightly wounded in the wing, I fixed

up a place for it in the stern of my boat, and presented it with

cockle-burs, the favourite food of the American Parrot, which it freely

fed on in less than an hour after being on board. The intermediate time

between eating and sleeping was occupied in gnawing the sticks that

formed its place of confinement, in order to make a practicable breach;

which it repeatedly effected. When I abandoned the river and travelled

by land, I wrapped it closely up in a silk handkerchief, tying it

tightly round, and carried it in my pocket. When I stopped for

refreshment, I unbound my prisoner and gave it its allowance, which it

generally despatched with great dexterity, unhusking the seeds from the

bur in a twinkling.’ In recommitting it to ‘durance vile,’ we generally

had a quarrel, during which it frequently paid me in kind for the wound

I had inflicted, and for depriving it of liberty, by cutting and almost

disabling several of my fingers with its sharp and powerful bill. The

path through the wilderness, between Nashville and Natchez, is, in some

places, bad beyond description. There are dangerous creeks to swim,

miles of morass to struggle through, rendered almost as gloomy as night

by a prodigious growth of timber, and an underwood of canes and other

evergreens; while the descent into these sluggish streams is often ten

or fifteen feet perpendicular into a bed of deep clay. In some of the

worst of these places, where I had, as it were, to fight my way through,

the Parrokeet frequently escaped from my pocket, obliging me to dismount

and pursue it through the worst of the morass before I could regain it.

On these occasions I was several times tempted to abandon it, but I

persisted in bringing it along. When, at night I encamped in the woods I

placed it on the baggage beside me, where it usually sat with great

composure, dozing and gazing at the fire till morning. In this way I

carried it upwards of a thousand miles in my pocket, when it was exposed

all day to the jolting of the horse, but regularly liberated at

meal-times and in the evening, at which it always expressed great

satisfaction. In passing through the Chickasaw and Chocktaw nations, the

Indians, wherever I stopped to feed, collected around me—men, women, and

children—laughing and seeming wonderfully amused with the novelty of my

companion. The Chickasaw called it in their language, _Kelinky_, but

when they heard me call it Poll they soon repeated the name, and

wherever I chanced to stop among these people we soon became familiar

with each other through the medium of Poll. On arriving at Mr. Dunbar’s,

below Natchez, I procured a cage and placed it under the piazza, where

by its call it soon attracted the passing flocks; such is the attachment

they have for each other. Numerous parties frequently alighted on the

trees immediately above, keeping up a constant conversation with the

prisoner. One of them I wounded slightly in the wing, and the pleasure

Poll experienced at meeting with this new companion was really amusing.

She crept close up to it as it hung on the side of the cage, chattering

to it in a low tone of voice, as if sympathizing in its misfortune,

scratched about its head and neck with her bill, and both at night

nestled as close as possible to each other, Poll’s head being thrust

among the plumage of the other. On the death of this companion she

appeared restless and inconsolable for several days. On reaching New

Orleans I placed a looking-glass beside the place where she usually sat,

and the instant she perceived her image all her former fondness seemed

to return, so that she could scarcely absent herself from it for a

moment. It was evident that she was completely deceived. Always when

evening drew on, and often during the day, she laid her head close to

that of the image in the glass, and began to doze with great composure

and satisfaction. In this short space she learned to know her name, to

answer and come when called on; to climb up my clothes, sit on my

shoulder, and eat from my mouth. I took her with me to sea, determined

to persevere in her education. But, destined to another fate, poor Poll,

having one morning about daybreak wrought her way through the cage while

I was asleep, instantly flew overboard, and perished in the Gulf of

Mexico.”

“Poor Poll” said Mary.

“A very amusing story is told,” continued Uncle Thomas, “of the lady of

a worthy citizen, who, by a laudable attention to business, had

accumulated a considerable fortune, and retired to the enjoyment of a

nice villa not a hundred miles from Hampstead. It happened that the lady

had a daughter by a former marriage; and, as her great desire was to see

the girl well settled in life, she spared neither pains nor expense to

effect her object. The old lady was moreover extremely parsimonious in

her family arrangements; her ruling maxim being to save all she could in

secret in order to be better able to spare no expense in public, so as

to pass off for richer than she really was. She accordingly daily

furnished her husband’s table with the humblest fare—to which the

goodnatured old gentleman submitted without a murmur. One of the good

lady’s grand economical schemes was the establishment of a piggery; and

on one occasion having made a very profitable sale to a butcher of some

half-a-dozen of the fatted inhabitants of her stye, that she might make

the most of every thing, she supplied the table with little else than

fried pig’s liver as long as it lasted. As the worthy citizen was

generally pretty ready for his dinner on his return from his forenoon’s

walk, the Parrot often heard and joined in the call which the master’s

arrival produced to ‘make haste to bring the pig’s liver,’ which the

lady vociferated over the stair to Rebecca, her only domestic, a great

red-cheeked, raw-boned girl, fresh from the country. In the midst of

these daily commons, the good lady was sparing no expense in preparing

for a grand dinner which she was about to give. By some means or other

she and her daughter had become acquainted with a young man of quality,

who appeared to have fallen in love with the young lady. Speculations

and plots followed, and with the decision of an able general, the fond

mother resolved to complete her daughter’s conquest by a bold stroke.

The young gentleman having ridden out that way with two of his

fashionable companions, she lost not a moment in asking them all to what

she called a family dinner at the villa, on an early day, which she

named. Her invitation having been accepted, the choicest viands and the

finest wines were provided, and a French cook and a powdered waiter were

procured, and a quantity of plate was hired for the occasion.

“The eventful day at length arrived. Dinner was served. The lady so

managed matters that her daughter was seated next to her admirer. Operas

and balls were talked of; every thing was in apple-pie order; the soup

and fish course had passed away, and a haunch of venison was announced,

ambiguously stated to be from the park of a noble friend—the real fact

being that it was purchased from a butcher who had it from his

lordship’s keeper. During the interval that took place before its

appearance, John was despatched for the Champagne. The company waited,

but neither venison, nor champagne, nor servant appeared. A dead silence

ensued—a silence that was agony to the lady. Minutes were added to

minutes. The good old citizen rose from his chair, and rang the bell; it

tingled in the ears of the company for a while, but its tingling was

fruitless. The suspense became fearful. ‘What a pretty Parrot you have

got,’ said the young gentleman at last, in despair. ‘He is a very pretty

bird indeed!’ said the lady of the house, ‘and a very intelligent fellow

too, I assure you. What have you to say for yourself, Poll?’ ‘Becky!

Becky! the Pig’s liver and a pot of beer! quick, quick, make haste!’

cried the Parrot. ‘The horrid sailors teach the creatures to be so

vulgar,’ said the young lady, in a die-away tone.—‘Becky! Becky!’ cried

the Parrot, ‘the Pig’s liver! quick, quick! Becky, Becky!’ And having

been once roused from his lethargy he continued to bawl out the same

words at the top of his voice, till, to the inexpressible horror of the

good lady and her fair daughter, and the no less irrepressible mirth of

the three youths, the great slip-shod country wench entered the room,

her left arm embracing an ample dish of smoking-hot fried pigs liver,

and her right hand swinging a creaming pewter pot full of beer! ‘Lucky

indeed it was that I had it ready, Ma’am,’ she said, as she set the dish

and pot down before her mistress with a self-satisfied air that seemed

to crave applause; ‘for Jowler, the big watch-dog, has runned away wi’

the leg of carrion, an’ Mounseer wi’ the white night-cap, and t’other

chap wi’ the flour on his head, will ha’ enough ado to catch un!’”

The whole of Uncle Thomas’s little audience burst out in an

uncontrollable fit of laughing as he concluded this story, and it was

not without a feeling of deep regret that they heard from him that it

was now necessary to bring his Tales about Birds to a conclusion. He

told them, however, that at no distant period he hoped once more to have

the pleasure of their company to listen to a new series of Stories which

he had in preparation, and they then bade him good night.

THE END.

Clarke, Printers, Silver Street, Falcon Square.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

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DICK, THE LITTLE PONY;

FOR THE AMUSEMENT OF LITTLE MASTERS AND MISSES.

New Edition, many Engravings, 1_s._ 6_d._, neatly bound.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.

2. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.

3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.

Tales About Birds, Illustrative of Their Nature, Habits, and Instincts · 第 8 / 8 章