only from their imbred vertue, and faculty, but also from their figure,
forme, and representation: As, Devills-bit, Five-leaved grasse, or
Cinquefoile, Hounds-tongue, Adders-tongue, Horse-taile, Liver-wort,
Ox-tongue, Lungwort, the hearb Chameleon, St. Johns-wort, or the hearb
boared through, the hearb Dog-stone, Tongue-laurell, Thorow-leafe,
Turne-sole, and many others which shall not here, but in the Herball
bee severally considered.
[Sidenote: What signature there is in Animalls.]
The same also holds concerning the signes of Animalls; for by the
bloud, and its circle, and by the urine and its circle all diseases
that lie hid in Man may be known.
By the liver of a slain beast the flesh is known whether it be wholsome
to be eaten or no. For unlesse the liver be clear, and of a red colour,
but blew, or yellow, or rough, or full of holes, the beast is diseased,
and therefore his flesh unwholsome.
[Sidenote: The Liver the originall of Bloud.]
And it is no wonder that the liver can shew that by naturall signes.
For the originall of the bloud is in the liver, and hence through the
veins it is diffused into the whole body, and is coagulated into flesh.
Therefore from a diseased, and ill affected liver, no sound or fresh
bloud can be produced, as of bad bloud no wholsome flesh can be
coagulated.
Also without inspection into the liver, flesh and bloud may be known.
For if both be sound, they have their true, and naturall colour, which
is red, and clear, mixed with no other strange colour, as yellow, or
blew. For those strange colours do signifie diseases, and sicknesses.
[Sidenote: What the knots in the Navell of the Infant signifie.]
Also there are other signes worthy of admiration, _viz._ when the
Archeius is the Signator, and signes the navell in the infant with
little knots, by which it may bee conjectured, what the Mother of the
infant did bring forth, or shall bring forth.
[Sidenote: The branches of a Harts horn signifie his age.]
The same Signator signs the horns of a Hart with branches, by which his
age is known. For as many branches as the horn hath, so many years old
is the Hart. And seeing he hath every year a new horn, the age of the
Hart may be known to twenty, or thirty years.
[Sidenote: The circles of the hornes of a Cow what.]
So the Signator of a Cow markes her hornes with circles, by which it
may be known how many Calves shee hath brought forth. For every Circle
signifies a Calfe.
[Sidenote: The teeth of a Horse.]
The same Signator puts forth the first teeth of a Horse, that the first
seven yeers his age may be known by his teeth. For at first a Horse
is brought forth, with fourteen teeth, of which every yeer hee loseth
two, and so in the space of seven yeares hee loseth all. So that after
seven yeares his age can hardly be known, unlesse by one that is very
skilful.
[Sidenote: The bills and claws of Birds.]
The same Signator doth signe the bills and claws of Birds with peculiar
signes, that the skilfull Fowler may know their age by them.
[Sidenote: The tongues of Hogs.]
The same Signator doth marke the tongues of diseased Hogs with little
pushes, by which their impurity is known, and as their tongue is
impure, so is their whole body.
[Sidenote: Colours of Clouds.]
The same Signator doth signe clouds with divers colours, by which the
seasons of the heaven may bee foreknown.
[Sidenote: Colours of the circle of the Moon.]
So also he signs the circle of the moon with distinct colours, of which
every one is of peculiar interpretation. So redness signifies that
there wil be wind; greennesse, and blacknesse, raine, these two mixed
together wind and rain, the same in the sea is a signe of great storms,
and tempests; clearnesse, and a bright whitenesse is a good sign,
especially in the ocean. For, for the most part it signifies a quiet,
faire season.
Whatsoever the Moon portends by her signs, shall come to passe the next
day.
And so much for Naturall signes. Now for Supernaturall signes, they are
things of a particular science, as of Magical Astronomy, &c. and the
like. It is therefore necessary that you be skilled in them.
[Sidenote: The kinds of Magicall Astronomie.]
Hence also many other Arts proceed, as Geomancy, Pyromancy, Hydromancy,
Chaomancy, and Necromancy, whereof every one hath its peculiar stars,
which stars doe so signe them after a supernaturall manner. And you
must know, that the starres of Geomancy impresse their signs upon the
earthy bodies of the whole Universe, and that divers wayes. For they
change the earth, and cause earthquakes, and gapings, they produce
hills, and valleys, and bring many new Vegetables, they produce also
Gamaheaus (_see Transcriber’s Note_) with naked figures, and images,
having wonderfull vertues, and powers, which indeed they receive from
the seven planets, as the But or mark receives the arrow from the
Archer.
But how those signs, and images of Gamaheaus may be known apart, and
what they signifie magically; there is required a great experience,
and knowledg of the nature of things, which can by no meanes bee here
perfectly taught.
Here you must well note, that the stone, or every Gamaheaus, cannot
excell in the property, and vertue but of one star, and so be qualified
but by one planet.
And although there bee two or more planets in earthly bodies, as they
are joined together in the superiour firmament: yet one is repressed
by the other. For as one house cannot bear two Masters, but the one
thrusts out the other: so also it is here; the one rules, the other
serves: Or as one that overcomes him that keeps any house, casts him
out by force; and sets himself, as master of the house, disposing of
all things according to his pleasure, and making the other his servant.
So also one starre expells another, one planet another, one Ascendant
another, one influence another, one impression another, one Element
another; For as water quencheth the fire; so one planet destroyes the
property of another, and brings in its owne.
The same is after the same manner to be understood of their signes,
which are manifold, and not only characters, as many conceive, but
all those, which are found in the whole map of the planets, _i.e._
whatsoever are of affinity with, or subject to the planets.
[Sidenote: What things are subject to the Sun.]
But that you may the better understand mee by adding an example: I
would have you know, that unto the planet of the Sun are subjected a
crowne, a scepter, a throne, and all kingly power, majesty, and rule,
and all riches, treasures, ornaments, and furniture of this world.
[Sidenote: What to the Moone.]
Unto the planet of the Moon are subjected all husbandry, navigation,
travelling, and travellers, and such things as belong to these.
[Sidenote: What to Mars.]
Unto the planet of _Mars_ are subjected all fortifications, armour,
coats for defence, Ordnance of War, spears, and all weapons, and
whatsoever belongs to war.
[Sidenote: What to Mercury.]
Unto the planet of Mercury are subjected all Artists, all Mechanick
instruments, and whatsoever is required to Arts.
[Sidenote: What to Iupiter.]
Unto the planet of Jupiter are subjected all judgments, and rights,
the whole Leviticall order, all Ministers of Churches, ornaments of
Temples, all jewells, and such like.
[Sidenote: What to Venus.]
Unto the planet of Venus are subjected whatsoever things belong to
Musick, as Musicall instruments, venereall exercises, loves, whorings,
&c.
[Sidenote: What to Saturn.]
Unto Saturne are subjected whosoever work in and beneath the earth, as
Miners, Pioners, Bearers of the dead, Diggers of Wells, as also all
instruments serving to either of these, &c.
[Sidenote: What be the signes of Pyromancy.]
Pyromancy draws forth its signes by the stars of the fire, in common
fire by particular sparkes, flames, or noise, &c. in the mines
by Coruscations: in the Firmament by stars, comets, flashing, and
lightning, and Nostock, and the like: in Visions by Salamandrine, and
fiery spirits.
[Sidenote: What the signes of Hydromancy are.]
Hydromancy gives its signes by the stars of the Water, by their
overflowings, their scarcity, discolourings, commotions, new streames,
the washings away of earthy things: in Magick, and Necromancy by
Nymphs, visions and supernaturall Monsters in the waters, and sea.
[Sidenote: What are the signes of Chaomancy.]
Chaomancy shews its signes by the stars of the Aire, and Wind, by the
discolouring, destroying of all tender, and subtill things, to which
the Wind is an enemie, by beating off the flowers, leaves, boughes, and
branches. If the stars of Chaomancy are moved, spirits fall from the
superiour Aire, and voices, and answers are often heard: Also Trees
are pulled up by the rootes, and Houses are thrown down. There are
seen Hobgoblins, Houshold Gods, airy spirits, and Woodmen, &c. also a
heavenly dew, and manna falls upon Trees, and Hearbs.
[Sidenote: The signes of Necromancy.]
Necromancy draws forth its signs by the stars of Death, which we call
_Evestra_, which are prophetical spirits, signing the body of the sick,
and dying man with red, blue, and purple spots, which are certaine
signs of death, in the third day of their rising. They sign also the
hands, and fingers of men with a clay colour, which are certain signs
of change, either good or bad. When therfore the stars of Necromancy
are moved, then the dead shew some wonderful sign, as Bleeding, and
voices are heard out of the graves: tumults, & tremblings arise in
the places where bones are laid, and dead men appear in the form, and
habit of living men, and are seen in Visions, in Looking-glasses, in
Berills, in Stones, and Waters, and divers shapes. _Evestra_, _i.e._
spirits give their signs by beating, striking, knocking, falling,
casting, &c. where there is a great hurly burly and noise only heard,
but nothing seen, all which are certain signes of death, presaging it
to him, in whose habit they appear, or to some in what place they are
heard.
Besides, these signatures many more may be reckoned up. But seeing
they bring with them, evill, hurtfull and dangerous fancies, and
imaginations, and superstitions, which may be an occasion not onely of
some misfortune, but also death, I shall passe them over in silence.
They are prohibited from being revealed to us, seeing they belong to
the schoole of secrets, and divine power. Therefore now I shall put an
end to this book.
_FINIS._
[Illustration: *decorative divider*]
A CHYMICALL
DICTIONARY:
EXPLAINING
Hard Places and Words
met withall in the Writings of
_Paracelsus_, and other obscure
AUTHOURS.
[Illustration: *decorative divider*]
_London_, Printed by _Richard Cotes_, for _Thomas
Williams_ at the Bible in Little-Britain, 1650.
A.
_Acetum Philosophorum_ is a Mercuriall water, or otherwise is called
Virgins milke, wherein they say Metalls are dissolved.
_Acetum radicale_ is Vineger distilled out of its owne roote, and
matrix, and is called the Dissolving Water.
_Adamita_ is a certain kind of Tartar.
_Adech_ is our interiour, and invisible man, which represents the
formes of all things in our mind, which afterward our outward man doth
frame, and imitate with its own hands; both of them work according to
their nature.
_Aerdadi_ are corporeall spirits living in the air.
_Æs_ doth not alwaies signifie Copper, but sometimes Gold, or Silver,
or any other Metall that is pure, and generated by it self, without the
mixtion of any other Metall, or Stone; out of some such kind of Metall,
they formerly made and coined money.
_Æstphara_ is the burning of flesh, or the substance of the body into
ashes.
_Æthna_ is called Subterranean fire, invisible, and sulphureous, which
burnes stones into coales, like Jeat in the mountains, which are full
of Resine, and Bitumen.
_Æthnici_ are called fiery spirits, or spirituall men burning in the
fire, which appear in divers forms, and shapes, as fiery flames,
firebrands, round balls of coals, and that especially in Sulphur
mountains.
_Alandahal_, or _Alhandal_ is _Coloquintida_.
_Alcaest_, or _Altaest_, is said to be prepared Mercury, some will have
it to bee Tartar, but the mind of the Authour is more easily understood
by the description of the preparation of it.
_Alcali_ is called all manner of Salt, which is extracted out of ashes,
or calx of any matter by boiling in lie.
_Alchymia_ is the separation of that which is impure from a purer
substance.
_Alcofol_, or (as some will have it _Alcosol_) is _stibium_, or
Antimony.
_Alcol_, _Alcool_, or _Alcohol_ is a most subtil powder of any thing.
_Alcool vini_ is the spirit of Wine rectified.
_Alcubrith_, or _Alcur_, or _Alazar_ is the same that Sulphur is.
_Alembrot_ purified is salt of Tartar, and the Magistery of it.
_Alembroth_ is salt of Mercury, or salt of Philosophers.
_Almizadir_ is Verdegrease.
_Altey plumbi_ is the sweet matter of Lead.
_Alusar_ is Manna.
_Amalgama_ is the making of Gold, Silver, or any other Metall into a
past with Quicksilver.
_Amianthus_ is a stone like to _Alumen plumosum_ in nature, and
condition; it is not burnt in the fire, wherefore it is also called the
Salamander.
_Amidum_, or _Amilum_ is the whitest flowre made into bread in the Sun.
_Amnis alcalisatus_ is water passing through the chalk of the earth,
out of which _Alcali_ is taken.
_Amygdale_, with Chirurgions is called the superfluous flesh which
growes at the roote of the tongue.
_Anachmus_ is an incorporeall spirit.
_Anathron_, or _Anachthron_ is a kind of Salt growing upon rocks like
white, and stony mosse, some call it salt nitre. The ancients falsly
thought it to bee the gall of glasse, seeing it is rather the gall of
stones.
_Anatomia Essata_ is the mother of diseases.
_Anatrum_ is glasse melted into divers colours, which they call
_smaltum_, or _terra Sarasenica_.
_Andena_ is Steel brought from the orientall countries, which melts in
the fire like other Metall, and is cast into severall forms.
_Anthos_ in Vegetables signifies Rosemary flowers, and in Metalls it
signifies the Elixir or quintessence of Gold.
_Anticar_ is _Borax_.
_Anatris_, or _Antaris_ is Mercury.
_Aniada_ are the fruits, and vertues of paradise, and heaven, also
the sacraments of Christians, in naturall Philosophy it signifies the
Astrall vertues, and celestiall, as they conduce by their influence
unto long life.
_Aniaday_ signifies an eternall spring, a new world to come, or
paradise.
_Aniadum_ is a celestiall body planted in us Christians by the
Holy-ghost, by the holy sacraments, or it is the spirituall man
regenerated in us.
_Aniadus_ is the efficacy of things.
_Anima_ is our Mercury.
_Anima Saturni_ is the sweetnesse of Lead.
_Annora_ is the ashes of Egs, or Quick-lime.
_Annus Aniadin_ is a long life.
_Annus Platonicus_ is a common moneth, or an age.
_Anodus_ is that which is separated from the nutriment by the kidnies.
_Anodyna_ are Medicines procuring sleep.
_Anontagius_ is the Philosophers stone.
_Anotasier_, _Aliocab_ or _Alemzadar_ is Salt Armoniack.
_Antera_ is a Medicine extracted out of hyacinths, also that yellow
which growes in the middle of Lillies, and the like.
_Anterit_ is Mercury.
_Anthonor_, or _Athonar_ is a furnace.
_Aphorismus_ is a generall rule in Physick, taken for granted.
_Aqua celestina_ is Mercuriall water.
_Aqua Celestis_ is rectified Wine, being in some sort made like to the
heaven for subtilty, and purenesse.
_Aqua corrodens_ is Vineger, and all Corrosive Liquor.
_Aqua fecum vini_, is that which is made of the ashes of the lees of
Wine, dissolved upon a marble like oyle of Tartar.
_Aqua lubricata_ is made of mucilaginous things, as Sugar, Juleps, and
the like.
_Aqua permanens_ is that which is made of two most perfect Metalline
bodies by a Philosophicall solution.
_Aqua Saturnia_ is that which retains in it selfe the nature of the
three Principles, as are Bath-waters, which are naturally medicinable.
_Aqua solvens_ is distilled Vineger.
_Aquaster_ is a vision representing something to our eyes, sometimes
which truly is not, but only in appearance.
_Aquila_ is the Queen of birds, and it is used for salt Armoniack by
reason of its lightnesse in sublimation. But _Paracelsus_ will have it
in many places to be taken for Mercury precipitated with gold.
_Aquila Philosophorum_ is the Mercury of Metalls _i.e._ Metall reduced
into its first matter.
_Arbor Maris_ is Corall, which grows like a shrub in the sea.
_Arcanum_ in generall as it signifies any thing that is hid, so in
_Paracelsus_ it signifies any secret incorporeall vertue in naturall
things, partaking of a perpetuall, and immortal life, derived upon it
from heaven, which also may bee multiplyed by the Spagiricall art above
its former condition.
_Archaltes_, is in _Paracelsus_ the foundation of the earth, or a
pillar, which seems not to be upheld by its fellows, but as it were by
a wonderfull providence of God.
_Archeius_ is the highest, exalted, and invisible spirit, which is
separated from bodies, is exalted, and ascends, the universall occult
nature, operator, and Physitian in all things. So Archiatrus is the
supream Physitian of Nature, which distributes to every thing and every
member their peculiar Archeius occultly by Ares. Also Archeius is the
first in Nature, the most secret vertue, producing all things out of
Iliaste, being supported by a divine power. Ares is the dispenser of
Nature hid in all the three principles, whence every thing hath its
being, and which disposeth to all things in a particular form, shape,
and substance, that it may put on its own proper specifical nature,
& not anothers. But you must note, the difference betwixt these 3 in
nature, to speak after the manner of schools. Iliastes is the substance
of the highest genus, or kind consisting in the first universall matter
of all things, which it doth first dispose into three kinds, _viz._
into Sulphur, Mercury, and salt. The Archeius is the first dispenser of
Nature, and then it produceth all things into its next genera or kinds.
Then comes Ares another dispenser of Nature, which produceth from
kinds, or genera, forms, and species into individualls.
_Ardentia_ are such things which having received no food, are by their
owne nature subject to burnings, as Amber, Turpentine, Jeat, and such
like.
_Aridura_ is the totall consumption of the body, and parts thereof.
_Arles crudum_ is drops falling in the moneth of _Iune_, like _May_ dew.
_Aromata_, are all such things, which yeeld a sweet, and gratefull
smell.
_Aroph_ is Mandrake.
_Arsaneck_ is sublimed Arsenick.
_Arsenicum_ is the flashing of Metalls, or the salt of them, or of
Saturne, which in some places is called _Artanek_, or _Artanech_.
_Artetiscus_ is he that wants any member.
_Arthoicum_ is red oyle, artificially extracted out of the rootes of
Hearbs digested with bread in dung.
_Asaphatum_ is an itch bred betwixt the skin, and the flesh, like
worms: and if the skinne bee crushed, long threds with black heads come
forth.
_Ascendentia signa_ are called either the stars of the Firmament of
heaven, or the sydereall spirits.
_Asphaltum_ is a Bitumen extracted from the mudde of the earth, and
water, and is like pitch.
_Assala_ is called a Nutmeg.
_Assaliæ vermes_ are those wormes which breed in wood, or betwixt two
boards, and they are called _Teredones_.
_Asthma_ is a disease of the lungs causing difficulty of breathing.
_Astrum_ is in this place called the vertue and power got by the
preparations of things as the star of Sulphur is its inflaming which is
turned into most excellent oyle: so the star of salt is its resolution
into water, or oyle, which thereby receives more vertues then it had
before. The star of Mercury is its sublimation, by which it acquires
a wonderfull power, and vertue, greater, and more subtile then its
naturall.
_Astrum ex igne_, is a burning Fire of great impression.
_Athanor_, or _Athanar_ is a furnace in the spagirical Art, but
especially a reverberatory, sometimes of other use as the artificer
pleaseth.
_Attractiva_ are called magnetick medicaments, which have a power to
draw to them such things as are compounded of the like attractives.
_Attramentum_ signifies divers things according to the adjective that
is put to it: as that which Shoomakers use, is Copperis, such as is red
within: that which Writers use, is called inke, sooty, and it is called
blacking, also all kinds of Copperis.
_Augurista_ is called a superstitious Artist who practiseth his Art in
Looking-glasses, Chrystalls, and in Waters, especially in the singing,
and flying of birds, that he may presage by them; he also observes
other rites for the same cause.
_Aurum planatum_ is that which they call Leafe Gold, or malleated Gold.
_Aurum potabile_ is liquor of Gold, without any Corrosive, which very
few know, yea of those who daily prepare it rather to the destruction,
then health of men.
_Aurum vitæ_ is precipitated Gold, and reverberated into the highest
degree of rednesse, like ground Cinnabar. That is the best which is
made, and precipitated with its proper Mercury.
_Aurum vivum_ is sometimes taken for Quicksilver.
_Austromantia_ is a certain kind of superstition invented, concerning
the observation of Winds, as when the stars of the Winds break forth
into great vehemency, contrary to their custome, whence men that are
more idle then rationall, pronounce a presage of something to come.
_Avis Hermetis_ is the Mercury of Philosophers, which ascends, and then
descends for nourishment.
_Axungia de Mumia_, or _Mumia de Medullis_ is the marrow of Bones.
_Azemasor_ is Minnium, or Cinnabar.
_Azoth_ is Quicksilver extracted out of any body, and it is properly
called the Mercury of the body, but in _Paracelsus_ it is the
universall medicine of things.
B.
_Balneum Mariæ_, or _Maris_, as many call it, is a furnace for
distillation containing water, in which being warm Chymicall vessells
are put for the putrefaction of the matter which they contain, as also
for their separation, and for the performing the operations of that
kind of moist ascensions.
_Balneum roris_ is a furnace, in which the vessells of Distillation are
put over the vapour of the water only, that the vapour doe not touch
the body: also it is called a vaporous furnace.
_Balsamum_ is a substance of bodies preserving things from
putrefaction. It is internall, and externall. Internall in man is
a certain temperate substance, not bitter, nor sweet, nor soure,
not Minerall salt, but the salt of liquor, which preserves the body
strongly from putrefaction. Externall is Turpentine, which hath never
come to the fire, but is digested.
_Balsamum de Mumiis_ is that which is extracted from flesh.
_Balsamum Elementorum externum_ is a liquor of externall Mercury,
_i.e._ the Mummie of externall elements, one of the three principles,
the firmamentall essence of things.
_Baul_ is urine.
_Baurac_ is any kind of brine.
_Berillistica_ is an art of observing visions in those kinds of glasses.
_Berillus_ is a Crystalline Looking-glasse superstitiously consecrated
by the Augurs.
_Bismutum_ is the lightest, whitest, and basest kind of Lead.
_Bitumen_ is a certaine kind of slimie mud extracted out of water, and
is like to pitch, and is as it were the pitch of the earth.
_Bothor_ are wheales, or pustles.
_Botin_ is Turpentine.
_Brassadella_, or _Brassatella_ is Adders-tongue.
_Brunus_ is St. Anthony’s fire.
_Bruta_ is an influence of a Celestiall vertue, which by Brutes is
manifested to men, as in the Sallendine by the Swallow, in Salt the use
of a Glyster by the Storke, and many more of that kind.
_Butyrum Saturni_ is that which above is called _Altey_, and it is the
sweetnesse of Lead.
C.