HISTORY OF THE SEE
The earlier history of the see of Durham has already been referred to in
order to lead up to the founding of the cathedral. We have seen how the
bishop and monks of Lindisfarne fled and wandered with the relics of
their beloved S. Cuthbert, eventually settling at Chester-le-Street,
until, in the year 990, Bishop Aldhun, in terror of the Danes, again
fled southward to Ripon. The country at this time was ruled by that weak
monarch, Ethelred the Unready, and the Danes, finding no determined
opposition, continually made piratical incursions, and eventually,
through the treachery of three chieftains, the Castle of Bamburgh fell
into their hands. After an interval of three or four months peace was
made with the invaders, and Aldhun and his monks ventured to return
towards Chester-le-Street. It was during this journey, at a place called
Wredelau, that the car carrying the saint stuck fast, and the incidents
previously related occurred, which led to the founding of the Bishopric
of Durham.
#Aldhun# may therefore be called the first Bishop of Durham. He held
the see for twenty-nine years, and died in 1018. Aldhun it was who built
the first or White Church, now destroyed. It is extremely probable that
some of the stones of this church were used in the foundations of
Carileph's choir and apses.
After Aldhun's death the see remained vacant for three years, when he
was succeeded by
#Edmund# (1020-1040). It is said that the monks could not agree as to
who should succeed Aldhun, when one day Edmund, a presbyter, asked in a
joke, "Why not appoint me?" Being a pious and a faithful man, they took
him at his word, and, after much persuasion and fasting and prayer, he
was consecrated. The choice was a good one. Edmund was an energetic and
beloved prelate. He died at Gloucester in 1041. One of the most
important events during his episcopate was the invasion of Northumbria
by Duncan, King of the Scots. He besieged Durham, but was beaten off,
with great slaughter, and the heads of many of his men were exposed in
the market-place.
#Egelric# (1042-1056) was the next bishop. He was an alien, and made
himself obnoxious to the clergy and people. With the intention of
rebuilding, he pulled down the wooden church at Chester-le-Street, which
had been the seat of the bishopric for one hundred and thirteen years. A
large quantity of treasure was found while digging foundations, and this
Egelric appropriated and sent to his monastery at Peterborough, where he
soon followed it. Before resigning the see of Durham, however, he
secured the appointment of his brother to the bishopric. Some years
later William the Conqueror called him to account for his behaviour in
the matter of the treasure, and threw him into prison at Westminster,
where he died in 1072.
#Egelwin# (1056-1071) succeeded, through the influence of his
brother. He took part in the rebellion of Eadwin and Morcar, and, like
his predecessor, died in prison. He was the last of the Saxon bishops.
#Walcher# (1071-1080). William I. found the Church in great disorder
and made many changes. He filled most of the sees by the appointment of
Norman bishops. To Durham he elected Walcher. The latter was a man of
gentle disposition, but his chaplain, Leobwin, and Gilbert, a kinsman of
his own, to whom he entrusted most of his affairs, were hated by the
people, over whom they exercised great tyranny. At length a noble, named
Lyulph, ventured to remonstrate with them, and in their rage they had
him assassinated. The people were furious, and the bishop vainly denied
any knowledge of the deed. He called a meeting at Gateshead. Here a
tremendous tumult arose, the mob crying, "Good rede, short rede, slay ye
the bishop," and eventually setting fire to the church. The bishop was
eventually reduced to a choice of facing the mob or being burnt in the
church. He chose the former, and, covering his face with his robe, went
out. He was immediately slain on the threshold, and dreadfully
mutilated. His body was removed by the monks to Jarrow, and afterwards
to Durham, where he was buried.
#William of S. Carileph# (1080-1096) was next appointed bishop. He
was a man of great attainments. To him we owe the founding of the
present cathedral. Carileph also made an important change, by the
removal from Durham of the secular clergy, and their replacement by
Benedictine monks drawn from Jarrow and Monkwearmouth. The foundations
of the new church were laid on 29th July 1093, the Bishop and Prior
Turgot being present. He did not live to see it very far advanced, being
taken ill at Windsor. He died about Christmas 1096.
#Ranulph Flambard# (1099-1128).--The see was kept vacant for three
years by William Rufus, when he appointed Flambard, a great builder. He
built the nave and aisles, the west doorway and lower part of the
western towers, and vaulted the aisles. He also built Framwellgate
Bridge over the Wear at Durham, erected and endowed S. Giles' Church,
Durham, and was the founder of Norham Castle on the Tweed.
#Galfrid Rufus# (1133-1140) was his successor. His episcopate was
much disturbed by wars with the Scots. The chapter-house was finished
during his time of office.
#William de S. Barbara# (1143-1152) was next appointed. Extraordinary
events marked his election. William Cumin, chancellor of the Scottish
king, attempted to take the bishopric for himself, and succeeded so far
as to capture the castle with the aid of the Scots. The rightful bishop
was not able to gain possession for sixteen months after his election.
Cumin submitted in 1144.
[Illustration: The Crypt.]
#Hugh Pudsey# (1153-1195) now succeeded to the bishopric at the age
of twenty-five. He bought for life the earldom of Northumberland and the
manor of Sadberg. In 1187 the news of the capture of Jerusalem by the
Saracens spread consternation in the Church, and Pudsey prepared to
accompany King Henry to the East. He fitted out ships and galleys in a
most sumptuous manner, his own having a seat for himself of solid
silver. Neither he nor King Henry embarked in the crusade, however. The
king died, and Richard his son undertook the expedition, leaving Bishop
Pudsey and Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, as justiciaries for the northern
and southern portions of the kingdom respectively. These two
quarrelled, and Pudsey was decoyed to London by Longchamp, and committed
to the Tower. He soon obtained his release, but was compelled to resign
the earldom of Northumberland. In 1195 he undertook a journey to London
to see the king, and endeavour to obtain restitution of his honours and
possessions, but was taken ill, and died on the way, at Howden. His work
in the cathedral we have seen. He also built the great hall of the
castle, most of the beautiful Church of S. Cuthbert at Darlington, and
the Elvet Bridge over the Wear at Durham, and founded the hospital at
Sherburn, near Durham. Darlington Church, which would well repay a
visit, is a fine specimen of Early Pointed architecture, second only to
the Galilee of Durham, the two showing in a wonderful manner the rapid
development of the change which was taking place in architectural style
during Pudsey's time.
#Philip de Pictavia# (1197-1208), elected at the urgent request of
the king. He was continually at loggerheads with his clergy. He
supported King John against the Pope, and was for this excommunicated;
died in 1208, and was buried in unconsecrated ground. This bishop is
said to have had the permission of the king to coin money at Durham.
#Richard de Marisco# (1217-1226) was elected after an interval of
nearly ten years. The feud with the monks continued during his
episcopate, and the bishop swore the Church of Durham should have no
peace while he lived; threatened that if a monk should show himself
beyond his cloister he should lose his head; and once, when his servants
had beaten a monk, and the man complained, he replied that it was a pity
they did not kill him. He died at Peterborough in 1226.
#Richard le Poore# (1229-1237), who was the next bishop, elected
after the see had been vacant two years and four months, was translated
from Salisbury, where he had commenced building the new cathedral. He
ended the dispute between the monks and the Bishop of Durham by an
agreement known as "Le Convenit."
#Nicholas de Farnham# (1241-1248) became bishop after a three years'
dispute with the king. He resigned in 1248.
#Walter de Kirkham# (1249-1260), Dean of York, was next elected.
#Robert de Stitchill# (1261-1274), Prior of Finchale, succeeded him.
Dissensions again arose between the bishop and the monks. He died on his
return from France, where he had attended a council at Lyons. He was
buried in a monastery in France, but his heart was brought to Durham,
and buried in the chapter-house.
#Robert de Insula# (1274-1283), a native of Holy Island, as his name
suggests, was then elected bishop. His tenure of office was peaceful.
[Illustration: Stone Coffin Lid.]
#Anthony Bek# (1283-1310). The next bishop was of noble birth, the
son of Walter Bek, Baron of Eresby, in Lincolnshire. He took part with
Edward I. in his expedition to Scotland, and, being very wealthy, was of
great assistance to the king. His following consisted of twenty-six
standard bearers, one hundred and forty knights, and an army of five
thousand foot and five hundred horse. He was employed by the king, with
success, in many important State matters. In the year 1300 trouble again
arose with the monks. Some of them being dissatisfied with the Prior
Hotoun, the bishop proposed to hold a visitation. The prior refusing to
admit him unless he came unattended, the bishop deposed and
excommunicated him. The convent took sides, some with the bishop and
some with the prior, and it was only on the interference of the king
that a partial peace was restored. The quarrel soon reopened. Some men
made a complaint against the bishop. He had compelled them to take arms
under him in the Scottish war, and had imprisoned some who had returned
without leave. The barons upheld the men, and it led to them taking
sides with Prior Hotoun in his dispute. The bishop, calling the monks
together, ordered them to elect a new prior, which they promptly refused
to do. On this the bishop appointed Henry de Luceby of Holy Island to be
prior of Durham, and brought men from Weardale and Tynedale to expel the
old prior. They laid siege to the convent, and for three days Prior
Hotoun and forty-six monks were shut up with only six loaves and sixteen
herrings. They continued the services however. On the third day a
Tynedale man was sent to pull the prior out of his stall, but was so
awed by his venerable appearance that he dared not touch him. A monk on
the bishop's side, however, did the work. Prior Luceby was installed,
and Prior Richard seized and imprisoned. He soon escaped, however, and
carried his complaint before Parliament, and afterwards to the Pope,
Boniface VIII. The Pope decided in his favour, and Hotoun returned to
Durham, and Luceby and his friends were obliged to go, though they
tried, when doing so, to carry off some silver plate and other
valuables. Bek continued in great splendour until his death in 1310.
When he died he was king of the Isle of Man, Patriarch of Jerusalem,
Bishop of Durham, and Prince Palatine.
#Richard de Kellaw# (1311-1316), formerly a monk of Durham, succeeded
Bek. He was a good and learned man, and lived in harmony with the monks.
#Louis de Beaumont# (1318-1333) was next appointed bishop, after
great competition and intrigue. He was chosen in opposition to the
wishes of the chapter, who had elected Stamford, Prior of Finchale, to
succeed Kellaw. On his way to Durham for consecration and enthronement,
accompanied by two cardinals and a large retinue, he was waylaid at
Rushyford by a band of ruffians under Gilbert Middleton. They plundered
the cardinals, but carried the bishop a prisoner to Mitford Castle. His
release was only secured on payment by the monastery of a heavy ransom.
He was an ignorant man, and so innocent of Latin that he could not read
his profession of obedience, being continually prompted. Later, at an
ordination, he stumbled over the words "_in oenigmate_" and cried in
French, "_Par Seynt Lewis, il ne fuit pas curtays qui cest parole ici
escrit._" "By Saint Lewis he was no gentleman who wrote this word."
#Richard de Bury# (1333-1345), who succeeded, was a great scholar,
tutor to Edward III., and author of "Philobiblon," a book still extant.
He was a good man, and very kind to the poor.
#Thomas de Hatfield# (1345-1381) was, like Bishop Bek, a warrior
ecclesiastic. Soon after his election he led eighty archers to the siege
of Calais. His episcopate was notable for the wars with the Scots, and
the great victory obtained over them, with the capture of King David and
many nobles, at Neville's Cross, near Durham. Fifteen thousand Scots
were slain. The victory was attributed to the presence of the sacred
banner of S. Cuthbert, which Prior John Fossor took to a place near the
battlefield, kneeling in prayer the while for success. A hymn of
thanksgiving was appointed to be sung on the top of the cathedral tower
on each anniversary of the battle. This custom is still carried out,
though the day has been changed to the twenty-ninth of May. Hatfield was
a liberal supporter of Durham College at Oxford. He erected his own tomb
in the choir of the cathedral, in which he was afterwards buried.
#John Fordham# (1381-1388), secretary to Richard II., and Canon of
York, was next elected. Suspected of giving bad advice to the king, he
was compelled to resign, but was given the inferior bishopric of Ely,
where he lived to extreme old age, dying in 1425.
#Walter de Skirlaw# (1388-1405), translated from Bath and Wells, was
a munificent prelate. He built bridges at Shincliffe, Bishop Auckland,
and Yarm; a refuge tower, a beautiful chapter-house (now in ruins) at
Howden; and was a large contributor to the expense of building the
central tower of York Cathedral. His work in the building of the
cloisters of Durham has already been referred to.
#Thomas Langley# (1406-1437) succeeded. He was Chancellor of England,
Dean of York, and in 1411 was made a cardinal. He occupied the see
during part of the reign of Henry IV., the whole of that of Henry V.,
and fifteen years of that of Henry VI. He founded two schools on the
Palace Green at Durham, and in his will left collections of books to
many colleges.
#Robert Neville# (1437-1457), son of the Earl of Westmoreland and his
wife Joan, who was a daughter of John of Gaunt. He was therefore uncle
of the Earl of Warwick, the "king-maker" of Richard III. and of Edward
IV. He had a peaceful episcopate of nineteen years, and was buried in
the cathedral, in the south aisle near his ancestors.
#Laurance Booth# (1457-1476), Canon of York and Lichfield, Archdeacon
of Richmond, and Dean of S. Paul's, was the next bishop. He was a
supporter of the House of Lancaster. He was translated to the
archbishopric of York in 1476, the first of the bishops of Durham who
was raised to that dignity.
#William Dudley# (1476-1483), Dean of Windsor, succeeded him.
#John Sherwood# (1483-1494), who was appointed next, was a learned
man, and made a large collection of Greek manuscripts. He died in Rome
in 1494.
#Richard Fox# (1494-1501) was translated from Bath and Wells after
the see had remained vacant for eleven months. Nothing of particular
moment occurred during his episcopate. He was an early patron and helper
of Wolsey, and lived to regret having assisted him. He made alterations
in the castle at Durham. He was translated to the see of Winchester in
1501, and died in 1528.
#William Sinews# or #Sever# (1502-1505), translated from Carlisle.
He is said to have been the son of a sieve-maker at Shincliffe, near
Durham.
#Christopher Bainbridge# (1507-1508), Dean of York, was next elected,
and after an episcopate of one year was translated to York. In 1511 he
was sent to Rome as ambassador by Henry VIII., and while there was
created cardinal. He died in Rome, poisoned by a servant whom he had
struck in anger.
#Thomas Ruthall# (1509-1522), Dean of Salisbury, was the next bishop.
He was immensely wealthy, and his love of money brought him into
disgrace. King Henry commanded him to draw up an account of the lands
and revenues of the Crown. The bishop, in error, sent to the king the
wrong book, in which was set forth an account of his own possessions.
The king, though tampered with by Wolsey, made no use of the knowledge
thus obtained. But the affair rankled in the mind of the bishop, and is
said to have hastened his death.
#Thomas Wolsey# (1522-1528) was appointed to succeed him. The famous
cardinal held the see for six years, as well as that of York. During the
whole of his episcopate he never visited Durham, and in 1528 he resigned
it for the see of Winchester.
#Cuthbert Tunstall# (1530-1559) was translated from London by a Papal
Bull, the last used for this purpose. Tunstall was a remarkable man, and
he occupied the see during an important period of Church history, the
Reformation, all the stages of which he saw. During his episcopacy, the
great privileges of the bishops of Durham as Princes Palatine were very
much curtailed. In 1526, while Tunstall was Bishop of London, the
English translation of the New Testament by Tyndall appeared, causing
great alarm among the clergy. The part played by Tunstall in relation to
this is well known. He opposed the supremacy of King Henry as head of
the Church, but eventually gave up the struggle and preached in its
favour. The monastery of Durham was suppressed in 1540, and a dean and
twelve canons appointed. Soon after the accession of Edward VI., Bishop
Tunstall was committed to the Tower and deprived of his see, on a charge
of having encouraged rebellion in the north. On the accession of Mary to
the throne he was released and restored, but there would seem to be no
grounds for supposing that he took any part in the cruelties practised
during her reign. When Elizabeth became queen, Tunstall refused to take
the oath, and was again deprived of his see, and, being now an old man,
was committed to the custody of his friend Archbishop Parker
(Canterbury), with whom he lived till his death in 1559. He was a
scholarly prelate, of a kindly nature, and was held in universal esteem.
#James Pilkington# (1560-1575) left the buildings of the see in a
ruinous condition.
#Richard Barnes# (1575-1587), translated from Carlisle. He is said to
have been removed to Durham in order to spy upon the correspondence and
messengers of the unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots.
#Matthew Hutton# (1589-1594), Dean of York, was the next bishop. A
man of great learning, and considered one of the best preachers of his
day. He was translated to York in 1594.
#Tobias Matthew# (1595-1606), Dean of Durham, was his successor. He
was also a great preacher, and was celebrated for his wit. He was
translated to York.
#William James# (1606-1617), Dean of Durham, was next elected.
#Richard Neile# (1617-1627) was translated from Lincoln. He was
remarkable as being the only bishop who held six sees successively--viz.
1608, Rochester; 1610, Lichfield; 1613, Lincoln; 1617, Durham; 1627,
Winchester; and 1631, Archbishop of York. He did much to help forward
men of learning and ability by giving them preferment in his see, and
reserving apartments for their use in Durham House, London, which became
known as Durham College. He spent large sums of money on repairs to the
buildings at Durham.
#George Monteigne# (1628), Bishop of London, only held the see of
Durham for three months, when he was translated to York.
#John Howson# (1628-1631), Bishop of Oxford, held the see for two
years, and died in 1631.
#Thomas Morton# (1632-1659), translated from Lichfield. The North of
England was much disturbed in 1640 by the invasion of the Scots, and
Bishop Morton fled--first to Stockton, afterwards to York--and never
returned to his diocese. The successful Scots levied heavy taxes on the
district for the maintenance of their troops, as much as L850 a day
being demanded. In 1646, Episcopacy was abolished, and the estates of
the bishops ordered to be sold. Thus we find at Durham the castle sold
to the Mayor of London for L1267 and Durham, Borough, and Framwellgate
disposed of to the Corporation for L200. The bishop lived a life of
suffering in London, cared for by his friends, till his death in 1659,
at the age of ninety-four. During his episcopate, in 1656, Oliver
Cromwell arranged for the founding of a college in Durham, but his death
prevented him carrying out his scheme. His son, however, did so, and it
flourished until the Restoration, which, by giving back property to its
rightful owners, put an end to its existence.
#John Cosin# (1660-1671), Canon of Durham, was the first bishop after
the Restoration. He was a most munificent prelate, leaving many
charitable bequests. He spent large sums in the restoration of the
cathedral and castle and the palace at Bishop Auckland. He built a
hospital for eight poor people, and erected a library on the palace
green.
#Nathaniel Crewe# (1642-1722), translated from Oxford. He was a
strong supporter of King James II., but afterwards took the oath of
allegiance to William and Mary. He was noted for his charity and
munificence, and left large sums to the poor, and in scholarships
tenable by natives of Durham.
#William Talbot# (1722-1730), translated from Salisbury.
#Edward Chandler# (1730-1750), Bishop of Lichfield, was next elected.
He gave L2000 to be laid out for the benefit of the widows of clergymen
of his diocese.
#Joseph Butler# (1750-1752) was translated from Bristol. He is best
known as the author of "The Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed."
#Richard Trevor# (1752-1771), Bishop of S. David's, a learned, pious,
and unostentatious man. He left L200 in his will to the poor of Durham
and Auckland.
#John Egerton# (1771-1787), Bishop of Lichfield, was next elected. He
married the daughter of Henry, Duke of Kent, and his eldest son
afterwards became Earl of Bridgewater.
#Thomas Thurlow# (1787-1791) was translated to Durham from Lincoln.
He was brother of the Lord Chancellor.
#Shute Barrington# (1791-1826) was the next bishop, having previously
held the sees of Llandaff and Salisbury. A most beneficent prelate; his
charities, especially those for the founding of schools and augmentation
of poor livings, were magnificent. During his episcopacy, external
repairs to the cathedral having become absolutely necessary, James
Wyatt, who had already done such mischief at Salisbury, was given charge
of the work. Then it was that the paring process, spoken of previously,
was completed, the chapter-house destroyed, and the Galilee Chapel only
saved from destruction by the intervention of Dean Cornwallis. Wyatt's
other wild schemes, to extend the choir eastwards, to the utter ruin of
the Nine Altar Chapel, to remove the beautiful Neville screen, and
surmount the central tower of the church by a spire, were happily
checked in time, or there is no saying to what extent the building would
have been mutilated. Bishop Barrington died in London, in his
ninety-third year.
#William Van Mildert# (1826-1836), Bishop of Llandaff, succeeded to
the see. During his episcopate, many important changes were made. The
Ecclesiastical Commission, appointed in 1833, to consider in what manner
the funds of the Church might be made more available for the purposes
for which they were intended, decided to give future bishops a fixed
yearly payment, and to reduce the number of canons from twelve to six.
On the appointment of a new bishop, the Palatinate was to be annexed by
the State. Thus Van Mildert was the last Count Palatine. Before these
changes came into force, however, the bishop and the dean and chapter
founded and endowed the university out of the revenues of the see, for
the use of which the bishop gave up the castle. Bishop Van Mildert was a
man of great charity, and though his income was immense, he died
comparatively poor. He died in February 1836, and was interred in the
chapel of the Nine Altars.
#Edward Maltby# (1836-1856), his successor, was translated from
Chichester, and held the see for twenty years, when, owing to advanced
age and increasing infirmity, he resigned in 1856.
#Charles Thomas Longley# (1856-1860), first Bishop of Ripon, was next
elected. He was a popular and much-beloved prelate. In 1860 he was
created Archbishop of York, and two years later was translated to
Canterbury.
#Hon. Henry Montague Villiers# (1860-1861) was translated from
Carlisle. A fine preacher, his episcopate was all too short. He died,
after much suffering, in 1861.
#Charles Baring# (1861-1878), Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol,
succeeded him. A man of unbounded charity and goodness, he won the
affection of all who knew him personally. He was compelled, through
illness, to resign the see in 1878, and did not long survive his
retirement.
#Joseph Barber Lightfoot# (1879-1889) was then elected to the see. A
man of scholarly attainments, he is still too well known and remembered
to need any detailed note. He came to Durham pledged to accomplish as
soon as possible the division of the diocese, which promise he carried
out by restoring the suppressed see of Hexham to Newcastle-on-Tyne. A
fine tomb to the memory of Dr Lightfoot has been placed on the north
side of the choir of the cathedral, and as a memorial of his episcopate
the mutilated chapter-house has been restored.
The present bishop is the #Right Rev. Brooke Foss Westcott, D.D.#
* * * * *
In this place may conveniently be given the rough draft of the
settlement of the see by King Henry VIII. at the Reformation. Although
departed from in many instances, it throws a curious light on the king's
intentions to keep up some semblance of a conventual institution with an
active educational purpose.
DURESME.
[Fol. 30.] Duresme \
cum Cellis. /
First a provoste of the College cc li.
Item xii prebendaryes and the moste parte of theym preachers vi
of them 1 markes and vi of them xxvi li. xiii s. iiii d. by the
yere ccclx li.
Item a Reader of humanytie in greke by the yere xx li.
Item a Reader of dyvynytie in hebrewe by the yere xx li.
Item a Reader bothe of devynytie and humanytie by the yere xx li.
Item a Reader of physyke xx li.
Item lx scollers to be tawghte both gramer and logyke in hebrewe
greke and lattyn every of them by the yere iii li. vi s. viii d. cc li.
Item xx studyentes in dyvynytie to be founde x att Oxenford, and
x att Cambryge every of them by the yere x li. cc li.
Item a Scolmaster for the same Scollers xx li.
Item an ussher x li.
Item viii petycanons to synge and serve in the quere every of them
x li. by the yere xxiiii li.
Item x laye men to synge and serve also in the quyre every of
them by yere vi li. xiii s. iiii d. lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d.
Item x Chorysters every of them by the yere fyve marks
xxxiii li. vi s. viii d.
Item a master of the Chylderne x li.
Item a Gospeller vi li.
Item a pysteller v li.
Item ii sextens vi li. xiii s. iiii d.
Item xii poore men beynge olde servynge men decayed by warres
or in the Kyng's servyce every of
them vi li. xiii s. iiii d. by yere lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d.
[Fol. 30. dors.]
Item yearly to be distrybuted in almes to poore house-holders
lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d.
Item for yearly reparacions lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d.
Item to be employed yerely in makynge and mendynge of
hyghewayes lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d.
Item to a Steward of the Landes vi li. xiii s. iiii d.
Item to an Audytor x li.
Item to ii porters to kepe the gates and shave the Company x li.
Item to one cheyf Butler for hys wages and dyete iiii li. xiiis. iiiid.
Item to an under Butler for hys wages and dyete iii li. vis. viiid.
Item one Cheyf Cooke for hys wages and dyete iiii li. xiiis. iiiid.
Item oone Under Coke for hys wages and dyete iii li. vi s. viii d.
Item for the provostes expences in receyvyng the Rentes and
surveyeng the landes by yere x li.
Item to a Cato^r to bye there dyetes for his wages and dyete and
makynge hys bockes of reconyngs by the yere vi li. xiiis. iiiid.
[Fol. 31.]
xx
Duresme M^lDCiiii viii^{li} xi^s viii^d.
xx
Porciones deductae M^lDiiii xiii^{li} xiii^s iiii^d.
Reman' lxxxxiiii^{li} xviii^s iii^d.
[Fol. 32.]
A proporcion for mayntenance of Hospitalite Lernynge Dyvine
Service Almes and other necessarie Expences in the Cathedrall
Churche of Duresme to be erectyd foundyd and establysshed
by the King's Majesties goodnes.
xx
Sm^a M^lDCiiii viii^{li} xis. viii d.
HOSPITALITE.
The dean cclxiii li. x s.--Prebend' xxxii li. vi s. viii d.
Corpus of the deane and prebendaries.
Fyrste for the Deane for the corpus of his promotion which he shall
certaynlye receyve and accordinge wherunto he shall paye the
tenthes and fyrst frutes xl li.
Item to twelve prebendaries iche of them for the corpus of his
promotion viii^{li} which he shall receyve certaynly by yere and
accordinge whereunto he shall paye the tenthes and fyrste xx
fruytes iiii xvi li.
Sm^a cxxxvi^{li}
DISTRIBUTIONS.
| DCxxx li. xiii s. i d. |
+---------------------^--+
Item to the deane for every daie of his residence to be payd by waie |
of Cotidiane distribucion out of the common possession xii s. v d. |
to be paid out of the same common possession which amountyth |
in the yere ccxxvi li. xii s. i d. |
|
Item to eche prebendarye for every daie of his residence to be payd |
by waie of Cotidiane distribucion out of the common possession |
xvi^d ob. over and besydes iiii s. ix d. ob. to be payd to every |
of the prebendaries out of the same common possession which |
in the hole yere amountith to the twelve said prebendaries to |
the Summe ccciiii li.-^
[Fol. 32 dors.]
LEARNINGE.
| ccxxx li. vi s. viii d. |
+-------------------------+
| cciii^{li} xiii iiii. |
+--------------------^--+
Item a reader in divinite for his yerely stypende to be paid of |
the common possession xxvi li. xiii s. iiii d. |
Item to twelve scolers to be found at the Universite off Oxforde |
every of them ix li. xi s. viii d. by yere cxv li. |
Item to xviii scolers to be taught Gramer Greke and Latyn |
every of them iiii li. by yere lxxii li. |
Item to a scolemaster for the same scolars x li. |
Item to an ussher for them vi li. xiii s. iiii d.-^
DYVINE SERVICE.
| ccci^{li} |
+--------^--+
Item to twelve petycanons eche of them x li. by yere for ther dyet |
and wagys cxx li. |
Item to tenne laymen syngars eche of them to have yerely for their |
dyet and wagys vi li. xiii s. iiii d. lxvi li. xiii s. iiii d. |
Item to tenne Choristers eche of them lxvi s. viii d. |
xxiii li. vi. s. viii d. |
Item for a master to the Children for his dyet and wagys x. li. |
Item to a Gospeller and Epistoler eche of them vi li. xiiis. iiiid. |
Item to twoo sextens xii li. |
Item to a Cator vi li. xiii s. iiii d. |
Item to twoo buttellers xii li. |
Item to two Cookes xii li. |
Item to thre other commen servaantes as portor and ryngars eche of |
them v li. xv li.-^
[Fol. 33.]
ALMES.
Item to eyght poore men eche of them yerely vi li. xiii. s. iiii d. |
liii li. vi s. viii d. |
Item to be yerely distributed in almes to householders |
xvi li. xiii s. iiii d. |
Item to be yerely spente in mendynge of hyghways xx li.-^
EXPENCES NECESSARIE.
xx
| ciiii iiii li. xv s. x d. |
+-------------------------^-+
Item for yerely reparacions by Estymation. cxxxi li. viii s. v d. |
Item in exspences yerely in surveynge the landes and receyvinge |
the Rentes xx li. |
Item in expences for wyne and wax xiii li. vi s. viii d. |
Item to a Stewarde of landes for his fee x li. |
Item to an Auditor x li.-+
xx xx
Sum of the common M^lCCCiiii vi li. xiii s. xd. M^lCCCCiiiixvi^{li} xv d.
Sum totall of all thies percels M^lDxxii^{li} xiii^s x^d.
Above which chargys the church indewyd with landes to susteyne the
same muste pay yerely tenthes and a certayne summe by composition for
the fyrste frutes deducted and abbayted.
Cxxxvi li. payd by the deane and prebendaries severall.
cxl li. to be allowyd by statute for almes.
x li. for the stewarde allowyd by statute.
x li. for the Auditors fee allowyd by statute.
xx
The hole sume of deductions CCiiii xvi li.
And so remaynes chargeable with tenthes and fyrst frutes
M^lCCxxvi li. xiii s. x d.
[Illustration: The Chapter Library.]
[Sidenote: ]
[Fol. 33. dors.]
| ccxvi li. ix s. vi d. |
+---------------------^-+
Whereof to be payd for the tenthes of the commen possession |
cxliiii li. vi s. iiii d. |
Item a yerely Rent to be payd by composition for the fyrste frutes |
lxxii li. xii s. iid.-^
And so the Cathedrale Churche for mayntenance of the said yerely
charges and paymente touchinge hospitalite lernynge divine
service almes necessarie exspences tenthes and fyrst frutes
after the Rates before mentionyd must yf the said shall lyke
the Kings majestic be indewyd with yerely Revenues of the
summe of M^lDCCxxxix^{li} xiii s. iiii d. MDCCxii li. x s.