_In which we find new use for our steam_
FINDING VENT IN SUBLIMATION
THE RE-DIRECTION OF ENERGY
A child pent up on a rainy day is a troublesome child. His energy
keeps piling up, but there is no opportunity for him to expend it. The
nervous person is just such a pent-up child. A portion of his
personality is developing steam which goes astray in its search for
vent; this portion is found to be the psychic side of his sex-life.
Something has blocked the satisfactory achievement of instinctive ends
and turned his interest in on himself.
Perhaps he does not come into complete psychic satisfaction of his
love-life because his wife is out of sympathy or is held back by her
own childish repressions. Perhaps his love-instinct is baffled by
finding itself thwarted in its purpose of creating children,
restrained by the social ban and the desire for a luxurious standard
of living. Perhaps he is jealous of his chief, or of an older
relative whose business stride he cannot equal.
Jung has pointed out how frequently introversion or turning in of the
life-force is brought about by the painfulness of present reality and
by the lack of the power of adaptation to things as they are. But this
lack always has its roots in childhood. The woman who is shocked at
the thought of sex is the little girl who reacted too strongly to
early impressions. The man of forty who is disgruntled because he is
not made manager of a business created by others is the little boy who
was jealous of his father and wanted to usurp his place of power. The
man who suffers from a sense of inferiority because his friend has a
handsomer or more intellectual wife is the same little boy who strove
with his father for possession of the mother, the most desired object
in his childish environment. The measure of escape from these childish
attitudes means the measure of success in life.
Fortunately for society, the average person achieves this success. The
normal person in his childhood learned how to switch the energy of his
primitive desires into channels approved by society. Stored away in
his subconscious, this acquired faculty carries him without conscious
effort through all the necessary adjustments in maturity. The nervous
person, less well equipped in childhood, may fortunately acquire the
faculty in all its completeness, although at the cost of genuine
effort and patient self-study.
=Sublimation the Key Word.= In the prevention and in the cure of
nervous disorders there is one factor of central importance, and that
factor is sublimation--or the freeing of sex-energy for socially
useful, non-sexual ends. To sublimate is to find vent for oneself and
to serve society as well; for sublimation opens up new channels for
pent-up energy, utilizing all the surplus of the sex-instinct in
substitute activities. When the dynamic of this impulse is turned
outward, not inward, it proves to be one of man's greatest
possessions, a valuable contribution of energy to creative activities
and personal relationships of every kind.
=The Failure to Sublimate.= A neurosis is nonconstructive use of one's
surplus steam. The trouble with a nervous person is that his
love-force is turned in on himself instead of out into the world of
reality. This is what his friends mean when they say that he is
self-absorbed; and this is what the psychologists mean when they say
that a neurotic is introverted. A person, in so far as he is nervous,
does not see other people at all--that is, he does not see them as
real persons, but only as auditors who may be made to listen to the
tale of his woes. His own problems loom so large that he becomes
especially afflicted with what Cabot calls "the sin of impersonality";
or to use President King's words, he lacks that "reverence for
personality" which enables one to see people vividly as real persons
and not as street-car conductors or servants or merely as members of
one's family. To be sure, many a so-called normal individual is
afflicted with this same kind of blindness; here as elsewhere the
neurotic simply exaggerates. Engrossed in his own mental conflicts and
physical symptoms, he is likely to find his interest withdrawing more
and more from other people and centering upon himself.
=Sublimation and Religion.= We do not need psychology to tell us that
engrossment in self is a disastrous condition. When the psycho-analyst
says that the life-force must be turned out, not in, he is approaching
from a new angle the truth as it is found in the gospel,--"Thou shalt
love the Lord thy God with all thy heart," and "thy neighbor as
thyself." Religion provides the love-object in the Creator; altruism
provides it in the "neighbor." Christianity and psychology agree that
as soon as love ceases to be an outgoing force, just so soon does the
individual become an incomplete and disrupted personality.[70]
[Footnote 70: For emphasis on religion as a means to sublimation, see
Freud, Putnam, Pfister, James, and DuBois.]
=Carlyle's Doctrine of Work.= "Produce! produce! produce!" Life for a
social being involves not only rich personal relationships, but
absorbing, creative work. No nervous person is cured until he is
willing to take and to keep a "man-size job." A good piece of work is
not only the sign of a cure; it is the final step without which no
cure is complete.
=Along Nature's Lines.= If the psychologist is asked what kind of task
this is to be, he answers that each person must decide for himself his
own life-work. An individual may not know why, but he does know that
there are certain things which he most likes to do. Sublimation is
more readily accomplished if his energy is directed toward self-chosen
interests. Parents or teachers or physicians who try to force another
person into any definite plan of action are making a grievous blunder.
Help may be given toward self-knowledge and the understanding of
general principles, but advice should never be specific.
Taken in the large, it is found that men and women choose different
ways of sublimation. Man and woman differ in the psychic components of
the sex-life even as they differ in the physical. Sublimation to be
successful must follow the lines laid down by nature. The urge of the
average man is toward construction, domination, mastery. The urge of
the average woman is toward mothering, protection, nurture. The
masculine characteristics find ready sublimation in a career; the man
builds bridges, digs canals, harnesses mountain streams, conquers
pests, overcomes gravity, brings the ends of the earth together by
"wireless" or by rail; he provides for the weak and the helpless--his
own progeny--or, incarnated in the body of a Hoover, he gives life to
the children of the world.
In woman, the dominant force is the nurturing instinct. Child and man
of her own come first, but when these are lacking, to paraphrase
Kipling, in default of closer ties, she is wedded to convictions;
Heaven help him who denies! Only as a career opens up full vent for
this nurturing instinct, will it provide satisfactory substitute in
sublimation. Its natural trend can be seen in the recent tidal wave of
social legislation--for prohibition, child-labor laws, sanitation,
recognition and control of venereal disease, acknowledgment of
paternity to the illegitimate child.
Since the women of the day, in numbers up to the million, have been
compelled to sacrifice both man and unformed babe to the grim
Juggernaut of war, this nurturing urge may press hard against many of
the social and business barriers now impeding its flow. But if society
understands and readjusts these barriers, making it possible for its
citizens--women as well as men--to approximate the natural instinctive
bent, it will not only save itself much unrest but will also go far
toward preventing the spread of nervous invalidism.
SUMMARY
That which a nervous invalid most needs is a redirection of energy.
Since, in spite of appearances, there is never any real lack of
energy, no time is needed for the making of strength, and a cure can
take place just as soon as the inner forces allow the energy to flow
out in the right direction. Sometimes, indeed, an outer change may
start the inner process. Often the "work cure" does cure; occasionally
the sudden necessity to earn one's living or to mother a little child
frees the life-force from its old preoccupation and forces it into
other channels. In most cases, however, the nervous invalid is
suffering not from lack of opportunities for outside interest but from
an inner inability to meet the opportunities which present themselves.
The great change that has to be made is not in external conditions and
habits but in the hidden corners of the mind; a change that can be
accomplished only by self-knowledge and re-education.
But if self-knowledge is the first step in any cure, so self-giving
must be the final step. Sooner or later in the life of every nervous
invalid there comes a time when nothing will serve to unify his
disorganized forces but steady and unswerving responsibility for a
good stiff piece of work. Happy for him that this is so and that he is
living in a day when science no longer tells him to fold his hands and
wait.
GLOSSARY
_Autonomic nervous system:_ The vegetative nervous system which
controls vital functions,--as digestion, respiration, circulation.
_Censor:_ A hypothetical faculty of the fore-conscious mind which
resists the emergence into consciousness of questionable desires.
_Common path:_ In physiology, the final route over which response is
made to physical stimulation; similarly in psychology, the one outlet
for the finally dominant impulse.
_Compensation:_ Exaggerated manifestation of one character-trend as a
defense against its opposite which is painfully repressed; relief in
substitute symptom formation.
_Complex:_ A group of ideas held together by emotion (usually
referring to a group which is wholly or in part unconscious).
_Compulsion:_ A persistent compelling impulse to perform some
seemingly unreasonable (but really substitute or symbolic) act, or to
hold some irrational fear or idea; an emotional force which has been
separated from the original idea.
_Conflict:_ (Special) Struggle between instincts (unconscious).
_Conversion:_ (Special) The process by which a repressed mental
complex expresses itself through a physical symptom.
_Displacement:_ 1. Transposition of an emotion from its original idea
to one more acceptable to the personality. 2. The shifting of
emphasis, in dreams, from essential to less significant elements.
_Dissociation:_ 1. The state of being shut out from taking active part
(applied to a group of ideas), as in normal forgetfulness. 2.
(Abnormal) An exaggerated degree of separation of groups of ideas,
with loss to the personality of the forces or memories which these
groups contain, as in double personality.
_Fixation:_ Establishment in childhood of over-strong habit-reactions.
_Free Association:_ A device for uncovering buried complexes by
letting the mind wander without conscious direction.
_Homo-sexual:_ The quality of being more attracted by an individual of
the same sex (abnormal) than by one of the opposite sex
(hetero-sexual, normal).
_Hysteria:_ That form of functional nervous disorder which manifests
itself in physical symptoms; an attempt to dramatize unconscious
repressed desires.
_Inhibition:_ Restraint (Special) limitation of function, physical or
ideational, due to unconscious emotional attitudes.
_Libido:_ Life-force, élan vital, or (restricted) the energy of the
sex-instinct.
_Neurosis:_ Used loosely for psycho-neurosis or nervous disorder.
_Obsession:_ A compulsive idea inaccessible to reason.
_Oedipus Complex:_ Over-strong bond between mother and son, or (more
loosely) between father and daughter.
_Over-determined:_ Used of an impulse made over-strong by lack of
discharge, with accumulation of emotional tension from added factors.
_Phobia:_ A persistent, unreasoning fear of some object or situation.
_Psycho-neurosis:_ "A perversion of normal (psychic) reactions,"
(Prince); a general term for functional dissociation of the
personality, resulting in: psychasthenia--disturbed ideation;
neurasthenia--disturbed emotions; hysteria--disturbed motor or sensory
activity.
_Psychotherapy:_ Treatment by psychic or mental measures.
_Rationalization:_ The process of substituting a plausible, false
explanation for a repressed, unconscious desire.
_Repression:_ Expulsion from consciousness of a pain-provoking mental
process.
_Resistance:_ The force which impedes the return of a repressed
complex to consciousness.
_Subconscious:_ That part of the mind of which one is unaware; the
storehouse of memories ancestral and personal.
_Sublimation:_ The act of freeing sex-energy from definitely sexual
aims; utilization of sex-energy for nonsexual ends.
_Suggestion:_ The process by which any idea, true or false, takes hold
of one; the idea may enter the mind consciously or unconsciously,
through reason or through impulse.
_Symbol:_ An object or an attitude which stands for an ides or a
quality; (Special) that which stands for or represents some
unconscious mental process.
_Threshold_ (door-sill): A figure which represents the level of the
barrier erected by the mind against the perception of an idea or
sensation.
_Transference:_ Unconscious identification of a present personal
relationship with an earlier one, with conveyance of the earlier
emotional attitudes (hostile or affectionate) to the present
relationship.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS ON THE GENERAL LAWS OF BODY AND MIND
Cannon, Walter B: Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger,
Fear and Rage.
Crile, George W.: The Origin and Nature of the Emotions.
Coe, George Albert: The Psychology of Religion.
Hudson, Thomas Jay: The Law of Psychic Phenomena.
Janet, Pierre: The Major Symptoms of Hysteria; The
Mental State of Hystericals.
James, William: Psychology; Talks to Teachers on Psychology;
Varieties of Religious Experience.
Jastrow, Joseph: The Subconscious.
Kempf, Edward J.: The Tonus of Autonomic Segments
in Psychopathology.
Long, Constance: Psychology of Fantasy.
McDougall, William: Social Psychology.
Mosher, Clelia Duel: Health and the Woman Movement.
Phillips, D. E.: Elementary Psychology.
Prince, Morton: The Unconscious; The Dissociation of
a Personality; My Life as a Dissociated Personality.
Sherrington, Charles L.: The Integrative Action of the
Nervous System.
Sidis, Boris: The Foundations of Normal and Abnormal
Psychology; Psychopathological Researches.
Tansley, A. G.: The New Psychology.
Thomson, William Hanna: Brain and Personality.
White, William A.: Principles of Mental Hygiene;
The Mental Hygiene of Childhood.
Proceedings of the International Conference of Women Physicians.
(National Board, Y.W.C.A., 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City.)
BOOKS ON MENTAL HYGIENE
Brown, Charles R.: Faith and Health.
Bruce, H. Addington: Scientific Mental Healing.
Cabot, Richard: What Men Live By;
Social Service and the Art of Healing.
DuBois, Paul: The Psychic Treatment of Nervous Disorders.
Huckel, Oliver: Mental Medicine.
James, William: Vital Reserves.
Prince, Morton, and others: Psychotherapeutics.
Sadler, William S.: The Physiology of Faith and Fear.
Worcester, Elwood }
McComb, Samuel } Religion and Medicine.
Coriat, Isador H. }
BOOKS ON PSYCHO-ANALYSIS
Brill, A. A.: Fundamentals of Psychoanalysis.
Emerson, L. E.: Nervousness.
Freud, Sigmund: The Interpretation of Dreams;
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life;
Wit and the Unconscious;
Selected Papers and Sexual Theory;
A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis.
Frink, H. W.: Morbid Fears and Compulsions.
Hitschmann, E.: Freud's Theories of the Neuroses.
Holt, E. B.: The Freudian Wish.
Jung, Carl G.: The Psychology of the Unconscious; Analytical
Psychology.
Jones, Ernest: Psycho-analysis; Treatment of the Neuroses, Including
Psychoneuroses--in Modern Treatment of Nervous and Mental
Diseases--White and Jelliffe.
Pfister, Oskar: The Psychoanalytic Method.
Putnam, James Jackson: Addresses on Psychoanalysis--Human
Motives.
Tridon, André: Psychoanalysis.
White, William A.: The Mechanisms of Character
Formation.
JOURNALS DEVOTED TO THE SUBJECT OF NERVOUS DISORDERS
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, published in Boston.
Psychoanalytic Review, published in Washington, D.C.
International Journal of Psychoanalysis, published in
London.
INDEX
A
Acid and Milk, 21, 257
Acidosis, 285
Adjustment
a neurosis an effort at, 169
to new conditions causes consciousness, 82
of the race, in subconscious, 78
to the social whole, 164, 216, 380
Adolescence, 59
Adrenal Secretion, 42, 48, 133, 229, 270
Alcoholism, relation to unconscious desires, 377
Alvarez, W.D., 284
Ames, Thaddeus Hoyt, 170
Amnesia, 113
Anaemia, buttermilk in, 282
Anger, 47 ff.
Anxiety and Fear, 366, 367, 368
Anxiety Neurosis, 7, 109
Anxious thought in conversion hysteria, 277
Appetite, symbolic loss of, 276
Association
accidental, 341
a chain of, 191
free, 101, 191
making new, 329, 330
of ideas, 106
subconscious, 346
word test, 197, 198
Audience, secured in a neurosis, 169
Auto-eroticism, 57
Auto-intoxication, 279, 282
Automatic writing, 96, 97
Autonomic nervous system, 86, 126, 319
Auto-suggestion, 129, 210
B
Bacteria, in anaemia, sciatica, rheumatism, 281
Bashfulness, 46
Bergson, 90
Biliousness, 268
Birth-Theories, 158, 160, 161
Blocking, in word association, 198
Bodily Response to Emotional States, 134
Brain,
diseased in insanity, sound in neurosis, 13
fag, 125, 241
records, 89
Bran fad, 291
Breuer, Joseph, 142
Brill, A.A., 58, 69, 201, 202
Bruce, H. Addington, 200, 201
Burrow, Trigant, 173, 203
Buttermilk in anaemia, 282
C
Cabot, Richard, 27, 381
Canfield, Dorothy, 231
Cannon, Walter B., 49, 134
Capitalizing an Illness, 170
Catechism, 247
Cathartics, 283
and acidosis, 286
and bacterial infection, 282
and child birth, 285, 286
and operations, 284
Causes of Nerves, 146, 164
Censor, psychic, 104, 195
Change of life, 314
Character and health, 24, 25, 362
Chemistry, 61, 190, 224, 225, 230, 247, 306, 315, 317, 324
Child,
birth-theories of, 158
father to the man, 90
habit-fixation of, 150
love-life, four periods 54, 55
questions, 158
too much bossing of, 154
too much petting of, 57
training, 160
Childhood,
bonds too strong, 72
determines future character, 91, 148
experiences, 149
reactions, 148
Choosing our Emotions, 360
a neurosis, 122, 169, 216
our Sensations, 339
Christian religion, 74, 374
Coe, George A., 71, 373
Colon, function of, 279, 280
Common Path, 52
Compensation, 168, 340
Complex,
against marriage, 204
and conditioned reflex, 108
and personality, 105
breaking up of, 109, 186
buried, 187, 192, 197, 201, 202, 215
chance signs of, 198
definition, 107
dissociated, 111
emotional, 198, 345
father-mother, 152
feeling-tone of, 130
formation of, 129
forming a resistance, 159
making over, 187, 190
mother-son, 185
physiological, 108
repressed, 112, 157, 190
unconscious, 108
Compromise, 163, 164, 165
Compulsion neuroses, 7, 109, 156
Conditioned reflex, 108
Conduct, kind of, 168, 191, 360
Conflict, 59, 64, 112, 145, 154, 164, 178, 200, 218, 313, 372, 376
Conscience, 164, 173, 177, 196, 376
Consciousness,
displaced threshold of, 91
relation to the subconscious, 82
rise of, 82
Constipation, 277 ff.
and food, 289, 290
cure of, 294
due to suggestion, 294
purpose of, 288
Conversion-hysteria, 174, 236, 237, 238, 245, 277, 302
Crile, George W., 41, 44
Curiosity,
child's concerning sex, 58
displacement over to scientific investigation, 45
D
Day-dreaming, 162, 325, 326
Defence-reaction, 365
Desire
energy of, 78
in dreams, 194
in emotional habits, 364
in nervous disorders, 167
instinctive, 38
instinctive and ideals, 363
tensions of, 196
Diarrhoea, bacterial, 281
Dietetics, essence of, 254
Digestion, 86, 133, 250, 251
Disease,
of the ego, 15
physical, 12, 13, 28
psychic, 12, 13, 14, 28
Disorders, functional and organic, 13
Displacement, 109, 110, 165, 174
Dissociation, 111
abnormal, 189
an example of, 92, 347
in hypnosis, 123
in hysteria, 111, 123
in neurasthenia, 111
increases suggestibility, 122
normal, 111
of a "Personality," 113
of memory picture of walking, 125
of power of sight, 170
Dreams, 193 ff.
Freud's dictum, 193
latent content, 195
manifest content, 195
purpose of, 195
work of, 196
DuBois, Paul, 4, 127, 246, 327, 382
E
Education, 202, 218
in Emotional Control, 374
Emotion, 35, 360 ff.
and complexes, 108
and fatigue, 229, 247
and instincts, 40 ff.
and muscle tone, 137
blood-pressure in, 136
bodily response to, 133
feeling tones in, 130
precocious, 150
repressed (see repression)
secretions in, 132
the strongest cement, 107
tonic and poisonous, 131
unrecognized desire in, 364
Energy,
adaptable, 67
creative, 34, 69, 71
inhibited, 235
libido, 36, 252
misdirected, 28, 379
new level of, 221
physiological reserve, 117
redirection of, 385
releasers of, 245
three uses of, 23
utilization of, 68, 165
"Energies of Men", 221
Environment, 33, 96, 149, 334
Evolution, 73
Exhaustion, nervous, 216, 224, 243, 246
Explanation vs Suggestion, 206 ff.
F
Fads-dynamogenic, 252
Faith, 118
Family complex, 153
Fatigue, 219 ff.
a Matter of Chemistry, 225
and insomnia, 326, 327
and moral tension, 166
and sex-repression, 235, 244
true and false, 223
Fear, 40 ff.
exaggerated, 368
externalized, 368
of cold, 348
of fatigue, 219, 354
of food, 133, 251
of heat, 237
of noise, 355
physical effects of, 41
purpose of, 41
symbolic of desire, 368
Feeling our Feelings, 333 ff.
Feeling-tones, 130, 206, 213, 229
Fermentation, 264
Finding New Vents, 379
Fixation of Habits, 150, 151, 162
Flat-foot, 138
Food, 254 ff.
and constipation, 289, 290
for the children, 256
idiosyncrasies, 258
mixtures, 255
variety essential, 255
Foreconscious, 79
Free Association, 101, 191, 195
Freud, Sigmund, 69, 74, 83, 84, 104, 142, 149, 153, 163, 185, 188, 193,
210, 342, 376, 382
Freudian principles, 143, 144, 147
misconceptions concerning, 184, 185
Frink, H.W., 89, 107, 158, 162, 171, 195, 218
G
Gall-stones, 269
Gas on the stomach, 264
Gastric juice, 86, 134
Gastritis, 266
Genius, 116
Girard-Mangin, Dr., 231
Goitre, 239
H
Habit,
defined, 150
dissociation, 189
dreaming, 162
fixation of, 150, 152
of insomnia, 322
of loving, 150, 164
of rebelling, 150, 164
of repressing normal instincts, 151
reactions, 364
Heredity, 148
Hidden desires, 363, 368
Hinkle, Bertha M., 154
Holt, E.B., 213
Homosexuality, 184
Hoover, Herbert A., 384
Hormone, 305, 319
Hudson, J.W., 91, 95
Hydrochloric Acid, 267
Hygiene,
laws of, 127
moral, 206
Hygienic conditions, 222, 230
Hypersensitiveness, 342
Hypnosis, 84 ff.
aid to diagnosis, 187
its drawbacks, 188
suggestibility in, 189
Hysteria, 7, 111
Hysterical pains, 353
Hysterical pregnancy, (case), 127
I
Ideas,
and emotions, 23
ascetic, 253
contagion of, 120
dynamogenic, 253
not surgical, 262
Idiosyncrasies, physical, 258
Identification, 110
Imagination, 162
Incantation, 211
Indigestion; 211, 250
Inferiority complex, 340, 380
Inhibition, 188, 245, 293, 306, 330, 377
Insomnia, 322 ff.
Instincts and their Emotions, 33 ff., 51 ff.
Instincts,
beneficent, 85
energy releasers, 233
race-inheritance, 85
repressed, 28, 103, 147, 169, 172
sex (see under sex)
thwarted, 235, 244, 340, 356, 367, 379
Internal Secretion,
of ovary, 316, 317
(see Adrenal)
(see Thyroid)
Introspection, 26
Introversion, 380, 381
J
James, William, 49, 221, 227, 243, 253, 347, 382
Janet, Pierre, 188
Jealousy, 154, 380
Jelliffe, Smith Ely, 98, 114, 153, 163
Jones, Ernest, 69
Judicious neglect, 127
Jung, C.G., 8, 64, 69, 163, 197, 380
K
Kempf, Edward J., 86
Kinaesthetic sensations, 336
L
Latency period, 60
Libido, 36, 147, 252
Liver trouble, 268
M
Masturbation, 184
McDougall, Wm., 49, 122, 372
Memories, 84 ff.
Menopause, 314
Menstruation, 306
Mind (see Consciousness and Subconscious)
Misconceptions,
about the body, 21, 22
about theory of sex, 184
Mixtures, fear of, 257
Monogamy, 63
Moral hygiene, 206
Mosher, Clelia Duel, 308
Muscle-tone, 137, 244
Myth, 146
N
Narcissus, 55, 152, 340
Nausea, 101, 177, 275
of pregnancy, 319
Nerves,
attitude toward, 3
causes of, 28, 148
drama of, 10, 29
medical schools and, 16
not physical, 14
prevention of, 385
Neurasthenia, 111, 246
Neuritis, 14, 244
Neurosis,
a compromise, 167
a confidence game, 179
a failure of sublimation, 381
a flight from reality, 170
an ethical struggle, 177
an introversion, 381
and shell-shock, 147
and suggestion, 129
anxiety, 7, 109
awkwardness of, 213
compulsion, 109
caused by buried complexes, 108, 190
definition 112
origin in childhood, 149, 157, 217
purpose of, 167
root-complex of, 153
O
Obsession, 7, 204
Oedipus Complex, 154
Organic trouble, 11, 12, 251
Ouija Board, 97
Over-awareness, 352
Over-compensation, 67
Over-determined, 148
P
Pain,
at base of the brain, 351
chronic hysterical, 341
menstrual, 306
Personality,
alterations of, 7, 15, 20
and emotions, 362, 369
and will, 372
choice by, 216
complexes and, 107
disrupted, 382
multiple, 111, 131
nervousness a disorder of, 15
reverence for, 383
unified, 375
Persuasion, 206
Pfister, Oskar, 153, 166, 382
Phantasy, 153, 163
Phobia, 7, 368
Plagiarism, 98
Popular Misconceptions, 21
Prince, Morton, 79, 84, 89, 95, 97, 112, 132, 188, 347
Psycho-analysis, 189 ff.
Psychological explanation, 208
Psychology, 25, 27, 94
Psycho-neurosis, 144, 147, 163, 169 (see also neurosis)
Psycho-therapy, 74, 187, 216
Ptosis, 139, 251
Putnam, James J., 3, 34, 69, 215, 366, 370, 382
R
Race-memories, 84
Rationalization, 90, 155, 168, 317
Reaction and over-reaction, 149, 198, 202, 238, 335
Reality, flight from, 164, 379
Re-education, 183 ff.
Reflex,
conditioned, 108
physiological, 349
Regression to infantile state, 163, 164
case of, 92
Religion, 74, 89, 374, 382
Reminiscences, hysteric suffers from, 7
Repression, 104, 156, 160, 162, 235, 245, 304
Resistance, 160, 188, 192, 202, 211
Rest-cure, 246
Rheumatism, buttermilk treatment of, 282
Rixford, Emmet L., 283
Royce, Josiah, 375
S
Sadler, Wm., 126, 136
School, four grade, 54
Second wind, 221
Self-abuse, 184, 238
Self-pity, 365
Self-regard, 45, 103, 157, 374
Sensations, lowered threshold to, 333 ff.
Sensitiveness, 333, 340
Sex,
and artistic creation, 379
and "Nerves," 141 ff.
glands, secretion of, 305, 314, 316
instinct organically aroused, 65
instinct thwarted, 161, 367, 379
instruction, 160
license, 184
life, 143, 146, 157
perversion, 152
phantasy, 163
psychic component of, 185, 356, 379, 383
repressed, 104
sublimation of, 233, 379
Shell-shock, (see foreword)
also 145, 147
Sherrington, Chas., 39
Sick-headache, 270
Sidis, Boris, 24, 84, 188, 222, 337, 341
Slips of tongue, etc., 199
Slogan,
of psychoanalytic school, 215
woman's, 314
Social code, 184
Soda, misuse of, 266
"Sour-stomach," 260, 266
Sprees, 376
Stammering, 200
Standard,
double, 66
single, 62
Stomach, 133
and conversion hysteria, 250 ff.
fads, 252
gas on, 252
Subconscious mind, 77 ff.
amenable to control by suggestion, emotion, 119
functions of, 85, 335, 337
habits of, 105, 259
physical expression of, 245
playing confidence game, 311
store-house of memories, 84, 89
tireless, 325
Sublimation, 379 ff.
a synthesis, 164
and religion, 74, 382
definition (Freud), 69, 70
failure of, 71, 147, 381
in a career, 385
in artistic creation, 68
natural trends of, 383
of energy, 178, 238, 309
Success, measure of, 380
Sugar in urine, 133
Suggestion,
a method of psychotherapy, 208
constipation the result of, 289, 298
definition, 121
false, 302
in child training, 121
in hypnosis, 99, 188
in sleep, 99
inconvenient forms of, 296
power of, 45
unhealthy, 310
Suggestibility, 122, 189, 206
Superman, 339
Symbolism, 171, 176, 275, 342
Symptoms, purpose of, 168
T
Taboos,
dietary, 250 ff.
interest in, 289
Tensions, psychic, 69, 85, 353, 366
Thresholds, psychic, 337 ff.
Thyroid secretion, 42, 133, 185, 270
Transference, 109, 193, 264
Trotter, W., 46
U
Unconscious, (see subconscious)
V
Venereal disease, 304, 317
Vitamins, 255
W
White, Wm. A., 69, 82, 83, 98
Will, 371
Williams, Tom A., 21, 213
Wish fulfilment, 171, 194, 200, 214
Word-association test, 197
Work-cure, 385
ILLUSTRATIONS FROM CASES
A
Adolescence and depression, 312, 313
Anger and circulation, 136
Angina pectoris, false, 129
Anxiety-neurosis, 175
B
Bearing children, 318
Brain fag, 241
Bran crackers and prunes, 258
C
Cathartics, abuse of, 284
Childhood sex-reactions, 203
Constipation and lacerations in labor, 296
Constipation and Mineral Oil, 295
Constipation, recovery from, (some cases), 294
Contamination, fear of, 159
Conversion of moral distress to physical, 348
D
Danger-signals and the railroad man, 344
Dissociated state, memories in, 92
E
Emotion and sick-headache, 273
"Enjoying" poor health, 213, 345
"Exhaustion," 243
Eye-strain, twenty-five years, 274
F
Fatigue, 228, 234, (two cases), 239
Fatigue and emotion, (three cases), 354
Fear, 237,
of heat, 237
Fear of air, 348, 349
Fear of cold, (three cases), 348, 349
Fear of light, (two cases), 350
Fear complicating labor, 320
"Flat-foot," 137
Forgetting and repressed wish, 200
Free-love, chemical cause of, 317
G
Gall-stones, 269
I
Idiosyncrasy for eggs, 212
Insomnia and attention, 329
Insomnia and point of view, 328
Insomnia and wrong associations, 330
Insomnia, chronic, 328
L
Library, child fear of, 100
Locomotor Ataxia, exaggeration of symptoms, 128
M
Menstrual pain, unnecessary, 220
Muscle-tumors, phantom, 127, 128
N
Nausea, in sex-repression, 101, 177
Nervous indigestion, 211
"Neuritis," 174,
false, 244
Noise, fear of, 355
O
Obsession against marriage, 204
P
Paralysis, fear of, 345, 346
Physical illness mistaken for functional, 252
Plagiarism, 98
R
Recovering lost word, 80
Repression and disgust, 199
S
Sick-headache, 271, 274
Skim-milk diet, 262
"Sour stomach" and two Tyrolese, 260
T
Temper, an indulgence, 359
The "Repeater" gains in weight, 263
Thyroid disturbance, fatigue in, 239, 240
U
Unconscious Association and symptoms, 346
W
Walking, lost power of, 124
Word Association test, 198
Transcriber's Notes
The following typographical errors were noted and corrected:
On page 146 of the book: Heading changed from "A Searching Queston"
to "A Searching Question".
On page 152, "Narcisstic" changed to "Narcissistic".
On page 276, "..the nausea disappearaed." changed to "disappeared".
On page 294, "...Nature's functions re reëstablished" changed to "be".
On page 302, "...nor even of man's infringment..." changed to
"infringement".
On page 330, "I put my mouth up close to to her ear...", removed the
duplicate "to".
On page 346, for the paragraph starting "But these symptoms...",
"disappeaared" changed to "disappeared".
In the Index, page 401, "Thesholds" changed to "Thresholds".