1823 to 1827.
His great afflictions augmented by the dissipation and
recklessness of his Son--He is compelled to retire from Covent
Garden Theatre, and is succeeded by him--New Speculation at
Sadler's Wells--Changes in the System of Management, and their
results--Sir James Scarlett and a blushing Witness.
From the period at which we have now arrived, down to within a year
or so of his death, Grimaldi experienced little or nothing but one
constant succession of afflictions and calamities, the pressure of
which nearly bowed him to the earth; afflictions which it is painful
to contemplate, and a detailed account of which would be neither
instructive nor entertaining. A tale of unmitigated suffering, even
when that suffering be mental, possesses but few attractions for the
reader; but when, as in this case, a large portion of it is physical,
it loses even the few attractions which the former would possess, and
grows absolutely distasteful. Bearing these circumstances in mind, we
shall follow Grimaldi's example in this particular, and study in the
remaining pages of his life to touch as lightly as we can upon the
heavy catalogue of his calamities, and to lay no unnecessary stress
upon this cheerless portion of his existence.
Grimaldi slept at Birmingham the night after his closing performance,
and on the following morning returned to Cheltenham, where he was
attacked by a severe and alarming illness, which for more than a month
confined him to his bed, whence he rose at last a cripple for life.
Independent of these sufferings of the body, he had to encounter
mental afflictions of no ordinary kind. He was devotedly attached to
his son, who was his only child, for whom he had always entertained
the most anxious solicitude, whom he had educated at a great expense,
and upon whom a considerable portion of the earnings of his best days
had been most liberally bestowed. Up to this time he had well repaid
all the care and solicitude of his parents: he had risen gradually in
the estimation of the public, had increased every year in prosperity,
and still remained at home his father's friend and companion. It is
matter of pretty general notoriety that the young man ran a reckless
and vicious course, and in time so shocked and disgusted even those
who were merely brought into contact with him at the theatre for a
few hours in a night, that it was found impossible to continue his
engagements.
The first notification his father received of his folly and
extravagance was during their stay at Cheltenham, when one morning,
shortly after he had risen from his sick-bed, he was waited upon by
one of the town authorities, who informed him that his son was then
locked up for some drunken freaks committed overnight. He instantly
paid everything that was demanded, and procured his release; but in
some skirmish with the constables he had received a severe blow on the
head from a staff, which, crushing his hat, alighted on the skull and
inflicted a desperate wound. It is supposed that this unfortunate event
disordered his intellects, as from that time, instead of the kind and
affectionate son he had previously been, he became a wild and furious
savage; he was frequently attacked with dreadful fits of epilepsy, and
continually committed actions which nothing but madness could prompt.
In 1828, he had a decided attack of insanity, and was confined in a
strait-waistcoat in his father's house for some time. As no disorder
of mind had appeared in him before, and as his miserable career may be
dated from this time, it is not unreasonable to suppose that the wound
he received at Cheltenham was among the chief causes of his short-lived
delirium.
They returned to London together, and for the next three months
Grimaldi consulted the most eminent medical men in the hope of
recovering some portion of his lost health and strength. During that
time he suffered an intensity of anxiety which it is difficult to
conceive, as their final decision upon the remotest probability of his
recovery was postponed from day to day. All their efforts were in vain,
however. Towards the end of October, he received a final intimation
that it was useless for him to nourish any hope of recovering the use
of his limbs, and that although nature, assisted by great care on his
part and the watchfulness of his medical attendants, might certainly
alleviate some of his severe pains, his final recovery was next to
impossible, and he must make up his mind to relinquish every thought of
resuming the exercise of his profession.
Among the gentlemen to whose kindness and attention he was greatly
indebted in this stage of his trials, were, Sir Astley Cooper, Sir
Matthew Tierney, Mr. Abernethy, Dr. Farr, Dr. Temple, Dr. Uwins, Dr.
Mitchell, Mr. Thomas and Mr. James Wilson. To all these gentlemen he
was personally unknown; but they all attended him gratuitously, and
earnestly requested him to apply to them without reserve upon every
occasion when it was at all likely that they could be of the slightest
assistance.
It was with no slight despair that Grimaldi received the announcement
that for the rest of his days he was a cripple, possibly the constant
inmate of a sick-room, and that he had not even a distant prospect of
resuming the occupations to which he had been attached from his cradle,
and from which he was enabled up to this time to realize an annual
income of fifteen hundred pounds: and all this without any private
fortune or resources, with the exception of his shares in Sadler's
Wells Theatre, which had hitherto proved a dead loss. For some hours
after this opinion of his medical men had been communicated to him,
he sat stupified with the heaviness of the calamity, and fell into a
state of extreme mental distress, from which it was a long time before
he was thoroughly roused. As soon as he could begin to exercise his
reason, he recollected that it was a duty he owed his employers to
inform them of his inability to retain his situation at Covent Garden,
the more especially as it was time they made some arrangements for the
ensuing Christmas pantomime. Accordingly he sent a note to the theatre,
acquainting them with his melancholy condition, and the impossibility
of his fulfilling his articles, (which had only been entered into in
the preceding January, and were for three years,) and recommending them
to engage without loss of time some other individual to supply his
place.
The communication was received with much kindness, and many good wishes
for his recovery. After several interviews and much consideration, it
was resolved that his son, J. S. Grimaldi, should be brought out as
principal Clown in the ensuing Christmas pantomime. He appeared, for
the first time[81] in that character, in the pantomime of "Harlequin
and Poor Robin, or the House that Jack built;" and his success was
complete. His father sat in the front of the house on his first
night, and was no less gratified by his reception in public, than by
the congratulations which poured upon him when he went round to the
stage and found everybody delighted with the result of the trial. The
pantomime proved very successful; it had an extended run, and the
proprietors of the theatre, highly satisfied with the young man's
success, with much liberality cancelled his existing articles, which
were for 6_l._ per week, and entered into a new agreement by which they
raised his salary to 8_l._ To Grimaldi, also, they behaved in a most
handsome manner; for although his regular salary was, as a matter of
course, stopped from the day on which he communicated his inability to
perform, they continued to allow him 5_l._ a week for the remainder of
the season; an act of much consideration and kindness on their part,
and a far greater token of their recollection of his services than he
had ever expected to receive.
The three years for which Egerton had taken Sadler's Wells having now
expired, he was requested by the proprietors to state what views he
entertained as to retaining or giving up the property. It being found
impossible to comply with his terms, and a Mr. Williams,[82] who at
that time had the Surrey, having made an offer for the theatre, they
agreed to let it to him for one season. Soon after this agreement was
entered into, Williams called upon Grimaldi one morning upon business,
and in the course of the interview the latter inquired by what plan he
proposed to make both theatres answer.
"Why, Mr. Grimaldi," replied Williams, "if two theatres could be kept
open at the same expense as one, and the company equally--mind, I say
_equally_--good, don't you think it very likely that the speculation
would succeed?"
"Yes, I think it would," rejoined Grimaldi, doubtfully, for as yet he
understood nothing of the manager's drift; "I think it would."
"And so do I," said the other; "and that's the way I mean to manage.
I mean to work the two theatres with one and the same company: I mean
to employ one-half the company in the earlier part of the evening at
Sadler's Wells, and then to transfer them to the Surrey, to finish
there;--at that theatre I shall do precisely the same: and I am now
having carriages built expressly to convey them backwards and forwards."
This system, which has since been tried (without the carriages) at
the two great houses, was actually put in practice. On Easter Monday,
1824, the carriages began to run, and the two seasons commenced. The
speculation turned out as Grimaldi had anticipated--a dead failure:
the lessee lost some money himself, and got greatly into debt with the
proprietors; upon which, fearing to increase their losses, they took
measures to recover possession of the theatre. When they obtained it,
they were obliged to finish the season themselves; by which, as they
had never contemplated such a proceeding, and had made no preparations
for it, they sustained a very considerable loss.
The other occasion, referred to in a previous chapter, that Grimaldi
had the honour of conversing with the Duke of York, was in 1824, when
his Royal Highness took the chair at the Theatrical Fund dinner, and
kindly inquiring after his health, of some one who sat near him,
desired to see him. He was officiating as one of the stewards, but
was of course surprised at the Duke's wish, and immediately presented
himself. He received him with great kindness, and hearing from his own
lips that his infirmities had compelled him to relinquish the exercise
of his profession, said, he was extremely sorry to hear him say so, but
heartily trusted, notwithstanding, that he might recover yet, for his
loss would be a "national calamity." He added, when Grimaldi expressed
his acknowledgments, "I remember your father well: he was a funny man,
and taught me and some of my sisters to dance. If ever I can be of any
service to you, Grimaldi, call upon me freely."
In this year Grimaldi was much troubled by pecuniary matters, and the
conduct of his son. He was living on the few hundred pounds he had put
by, selling out his stock, spending the proceeds, and consequently
rising every morning a poorer man. His son, who had now a good salary
and was rising in his profession, suddenly left his home, and, to the
heart-rending grief of his father and mother, abandoned himself to
every species of wild debauchery and riot. His father wrote to him,
imploring him to return, and offering to make every arrangement that
could conduce to his comfort, but he never answered the letter, and
kept on his headlong course. This shock was a heavy one indeed, and, in
Grimaldi's weak and debilitated state, almost broke his heart.
For four years Grimaldi never saw any more of his son, save
occasionally on the stage of Sadler's Wells, where he was engaged at a
salary of five pounds per week; or when he met him in the street, when
the son would cross over the road to get out of the way. Nor during all
this time did he receive a single line from him, except in 1825. He
had written to the young man, describing the situation to which he was
reduced, and the poverty with which he was threatened, reminding him
that between the two theatres he was now earning thirteen pounds per
week, and requesting his assistance with some pecuniary aid. To this
application he at first returned no reply; but several of Grimaldi's
friends having expressed a very strong opinion to him on the subject,
he at length returned the following note:--
"Dear Father,--At present I am in difficulties; but as long as I
have a shilling, you shall have half."
This assurance looked well enough upon paper, but had no other merit;
for he never sent his father a farthing, nor did he again see him (save
that he volunteered his services at two farewell benefits,) until he
came to his door one night in 1828, and hardily claimed shelter and
food.
In 1825 the proprietors of Sadler's Wells resolved to open the theatre
on their joint account, with which view they secured the services
of Mr. T. Dibdin as acting-manager. It was determined at a meeting
of proprietors, that it would be advantageous to the property if
one of their number were resident on the premises to assist Mr.
Dibdin, and regulate the expenditure. As Grimaldi had nothing to do,
it was proposed in the kindest manner by Mr. Jones.[83] one of the
shareholders, that he should fill the situation, at a salary of four
pounds per week. It need scarcely be said that he accepted this
proposal with, great gratitude. They commenced the season with much
spirit, turning the old dwelling-house partly into wine-rooms according
to the old fashion, and partly into a saloon, box-office, and passages.
The dresses of the opening piece were of a gorgeous description,
and every new play was got up with the same magnificence. They also
determined to take half-price, which had never before been done at that
house, and to play the twelve months through, instead of confining the
season to six; this last resolution originating in the immense growth
of the neighbourhood around the theatre, which in Grimaldi's time had
gradually been transformed from a pretty suburban spot into the maze of
streets and squares and closely-clustered houses which it now presents.
These arrangements were all very extensive and speculative; but they
overstepped the bounds of moderation in point of expense, and the
season ended with a loss of 1,400_l._
Next year they pursued a different plan, and reduced their expenditure
in every department. This reduction was superintended by Grimaldi,
and the very first salary he cut down was his own, from which he
struck off at once two pounds per week. They tried pony-races too
in the area attached to the theatre, and, so variable is theatrical
property, cleared a sum equal to their losses of the preceding year,
between Easter and Whitsuntide alone. The following season[84] was
also a successful one, and at length he began to think he should gain
something by the proprietorship.
It was about this time, or rather before, that Grimaldi was
subpoenaed as a witness in an action between two theatrical
gentlemen, of whom Mr. Glossop was one, when his smart parrying of a
remark from a counsel engaged in the case occasioned much laughter in
court.
On his name being called, and his appearing in the witness-box, there
was some movement in the court, which was very crowded, the people
being anxious to catch a sight of a witness whose name was so familiar.
Sir James Scarlett,[85] who was to examine him, rose as he made his
appearance, and, looking at him with great real or apparent interest,
said, "Dear me! Pray, sir, are you the great Mr. Grimaldi, formerly of
Covent Garden Theatre?"
The witness felt greatly confused at this inquiry, especially as
it seemed to excite to a still higher pitch the curiosity of the
spectators. He reddened slightly, and replied, "I used to be a
pantomime actor, sir, at Covent Garden Theatre."
"Yes," said Sir James Scarlett, "I recollect you well. You are a very
clever man, sir." He paused for a few seconds, and, looking up in his
face, said,
"And so you really are Grimaldi, are you?"
This was more embarrassing than the other question, and Grimaldi
feeling it so, fidgetted about in the box, and grew redder and redder.
"Don't blush, Mr. Grimaldi, pray don't blush; there is not the least
occasion for blushing," said Sir James Scarlett.
"I don't blush, sir," rejoined the witness.
"I assure you, you need not blush so."
"I beg your pardon, sir, I really am not blushing," repeated the
witness, who beginning to grow angry, repeated it with so red a face,
that the spectators tittered aloud.
"I assure you, Mr. Grimaldi," said Sir James Scarlett, smiling, "that
you _are_ blushing violently."
"I beg your pardon, sir," replied Grimaldi, "but you are really quite
mistaken. The flush which you observe on my face is a _Scarlet_ one, I
admit; but I assure you that it is nothing more than a reflection from
your own."
The people in the court shouted with laughter, and Sir James Scarlett
joining in their mirth, proceeded without further remark with the
business of the case.
FOOTNOTES:
[81] On Friday, December 26, 1823.
[82] Son of the proprietor of the well-known "Boiled Beef House" in the
Old Bailey.
[83] Mr. Jones married Mr. Reeve's only daughter, and thus became
possessed of the share in the Sadler's Wells Theatre that had been
purchased by that eminent musician.
[84] Young Joe had a benefit this season, on September 21, 1826, when
Planché's melodrama, entitled, "The Caliph and the Cadi," was revived,
and in order to introduce both father and son, a new scene and a duet
were written by Mr. Dibdin at Grimaldi's desire; their appearance in
the same piece produced considerable effect.
[85] Afterwards Lord Abinger.