syllables or words. This mark ' in printing denotes the syllable upon
which the stress or force of the voice should he placed.
[THERE ARE 9,000 CELLS IN A SQUARE FOOT OF HONEYCOMB.]
183. A Word may have more than One Accent.
Take as an instance aspiration. In uttering this word we give a marked
emphasis of the voice upon the first and third syllables, and
therefore those syllables are said to be accented. The first of these
accents is less distinguishable than the second, upon which we dwell
longer, therefore the second accent in point of order is called the
primary, or chief accent of the word.
[A COW CONSUMES 100 LBS. OF GREEN FOOD DAILY.]
184. When the full Accent falls on a Vowel,
that vowel should have a long sound, as in _vo'cal_; but when I it,
falls on or after a consonant, the preceding vowel has a short sound,
as in _hab'it_.
[2,300 SILKWORMS PRODUCE 1LB OF SILK.]
185. To obtain a Good Knowledge of Pronunciation,
it is advisable for the reader to listen to the examples given by good
speakers, and by educated persons. We learn the pronunciation of
words, to a great extent, by _imitation_, just as birds acquire the
notes of other birds which may be near them.
[A QUEEN BEE PRODUCES 100,000 EGGS IN A SEASON.]
186. Double Meaning.
But it will be very important to bear in mind that there are many
words having a double meaning or application, and that the difference
of meaning is indicated by the difference of the accent. Among these
words, _nouns_ are distinguished from _verbs_ by this means: _nouns_
are mostly accented on the first syllable, and _verbs_ on the last.
[A COW YIELDS 168 LBS. OF BUTTER PER ANNUM.]
187. Noun signifies Name;
_Nouns_ are the names of persons and things, as well as of things not
material and palpable, but of which we have a conception and
knowledge, such as _courage_, _firmness_, _goodness_, _strength_; and
_verbs_ express _actions, movements,_ &c. If the word used signifies
that anything has been done, or is being done, or is, or is to be
done, then that word is a _verb_.
[IT WOULD TAKE 27,600 SPIDERS TO PRODUCE 1 LB. OF WEB.]
188. Examples of the above.
Thus when we say that anything is "an in'sult," that word is a _noun_,
and is accented on the first syllable; but when we say he did it "to
insult' another person," the word insult' implies _acting_, and
becomes a verb, and should be accented on the last syllable. The
effect is, that, in speaking, you should employ a different
pronunciation in the use of the same word, when uttering such
sentences as these:--"What an in'sult!" "Do you mean to insult' me?"
In the first sentence the stress of voice must be laid upon the first
syllable, _in'_, and in the latter case upon the second syllable,
_sult'_.
189. Meaning varied by Accentuation.
A list of nearly all the words that are liable to this variation is
given in the following page. It will be noticed that those in the
first column, having the accent on the first syllable, are mostly
nouns; and that those in the second column, which have the accent on
the second and final syllable, are mostly verbs:
Noun, &c. Verb, &c.| Noun, &c. Verb, &c. |Noun, &c. Verb, &c.
---------------------|----------------------|--------------------
Ab'ject abject' | Con'trast contrast' | In'lay inlay'
Ab'sent absent' | Con'verse converse' | In'sult insult'
Ab'stract abstract' | Con'vert convert' | Ob'ject object'
Ac'cent accent' | Con'vict convict' | Out'leap outleap'
Affix affix' | Con'voy convoy' | Per'fect perfect'
As'pect aspect' | De'crease decrease' | Per'fume perfume'
At’tribute attribute'| Des'cant descant' | Per'mit permit'
Aug'ment augment' | Des'ert desert' | Pre'fix prefix'
Au'gust august' | De'tail detail' | Pre'mise premise'
Bom'bard bombard' | Di'gest digest' | Pre'sage presage'
Col'league colleague'| Dis'cord discord' | Pres'ent present'
Col'lect collect' | Dis'count discount' | Prod'uce produce'
Com'ment comment' | Ef'flux efflux' | Proj'ect project'
Com'pact compact' | Es'cort escort' | Prot'est protest'
Com'plot complot' | Es'say essay' | Reb'el rebel'
Com'port comport' | Ex'ile exile' | Rec'ord record'
Com'pound compound' | Ex'port export' | Ref'use refuse'
Com'press compress' | Ex'tract extract' | Re'tail retail'
Con'cert concert' | Fer'ment ferment' | Sub'ject subject'
Con'crete concrete' | Fore'cast forecast' | Su'pine supine'
Con'duct conduct' | Fore'taste foretaste'| Sur'vey survey'
Con fine confine' | Fre'quent frequent' | Tor'ment torment'
Con'flict conflict' | Im'part impart' | Tra'ject traject'
Con'serve conserve' | Im'port import' | Trans'fer transfer'
Con'sort consort' | Im'press impress' | Trans'port transport'
Con'test contest' | Im'print imprint' | Un'dress undress'
Con'text context' | In'cense incense' | Up'cast upcast'
Con'tract contract' | In'crease increase' | Up'start upstart'
190. Exceptions
Cement' is an Exception to the above rule, and should always be
accented on the last syllable. So also the word Consols'.
191. Hints to "Cockney Speakers."
The most objectionable error of the Cockney, that of substituting the
_v_ for the _w_, and _vice versâ_, is, we believe, pretty generally
abandoned. Such sentences as "Are you going to Vest Vickkam?" "This is
wery good weal," &c., were too intolerable to be retained. Moreover,
there has been a very able schoolmaster at work during the past forty
years. This schoolmaster is no other than the loquacious Mr. _Punch_,
from whose works we quote a few admirable exercises:
i. Low Cockney.--"Seen that party lately?" "What! the party with the
wooden leg, as come with--" "No, no--not that party. The party, you
know, as--" "Oh! ah! I know the party you mean, now." "Well, a party
told me as he can't agree with that other party, and he says that if
another party can't be found to make it all square, he shall look
out for a party as will."--(_And so on for half an hour._)
ii. Police.--"Lor, Soosan, how's a feller to eat meat such weather
as this! Now, a bit o' pickled salmon and cowcumber, or a lobster
salid, _might_ do."
iii. Cockney Yachtsman.--(Example of affectation.) Scene: the
Regatta Ball.--"I say, Tom, what's that little craft with the black
velvet flying at the fore, close under the lee scuppers of the
man-of-war?" "Why, from her fore-and-aft rig, and the cut of her
mainsail, I should say she's down from the port of London; but I'll
signal the commodore to come and introduce us!"
iv. Omnibus Driver.--_Old acquaintance_. "'Ave a drop, Bill?"
_Driver._ "Why, yer see, Jim, this 'ere young hoss has only been in
'arness once afore, and he's such a beggar to bolt, ten to one if I
leave 'im he'll be a-runnin' hoff, and a smashin' into suthun.
Howsoever--here--(_handing reins to a timid passenger_)--lay hold,
sir, I'LL CHANCE IT!"
v. Costermonger (_to extremely genteel person_).--"I say, guv'ner,
give us a hist with this 'ere bilin' o' greens!" (A large hamper of
market stuff.)
vi. Genteel Cockney (_by the seaside_).--_Blanche._ "How grand, how
solemn, dear Frederick, this is! I really think the ocean is more
beautiful under this aspect than under any other!"
_Frederick_.--"H'm--ah! Per-waps. By the way, Blanche, there's a
fella shwimping. S'pose we ask him if he can get us some pwawns for
breakfast to-mowaw mawning?"
vii. Stuck-up Cockney.--(_Small Swell enters a tailor's shop_.)
"A--Brown, A--want some more coats!" _Snip_. "Yes, sir. Thank you,
sir. How many would you please to want?" _Small Swell_. "A--let me
see; A--ll have eight. A--no, I'll have nine; and look here!
A--shall want some trousers." _Snip_. "Yes, sir, thank you, sir. How
many would you like?" _Small Swell_.--"A--don't know exactly.
S'pose we say twenty-four pairs; and look here! Show me some
patterns that won't be worn by any snobs!"
viii. Cockney Flunkey,--(_Country Footman meekly inquires of London
Footman_)--"Pray, sir, what do you think of our town? A nice place,
ain't it" _London Footman (condescendingly_). "Vell, Joseph, I likes
your town well enough. It's clean: your streets are hairy; and you
have lots of rewins. But I don't like your champagne, it's all
gewsberry!"
ix Cockney Cabby (_with politeness_).--"Beg pardon, sir; please
don't smoke in the keb. sir; ladies do complain o' the 'bacca
uncommon. Better let me smoke it for yer outside, sir!"
x. Military Cockney.--_Lieutenant Blazer (of the Plungers)_.--"Gwood
gwacious! Here's a howible go! The ifan [? word not legible] v's
going to gwow a moustache! _Cornet Huffey_ (whose face is
whiskerless). "Yaw don't mean that! Wall! there's only one
alternative for us. We must shave!"
xi. Juvenile Low Cockney.--"Jack; Whereabouts is Amstid-am?" _Jack._
"Well, I can't say exackerley, but I know it's somewhere near
'Ampstid-'eath!"
xii. Cockney Domestic.--_Servant girl_--"Well, mam--Heverythink
considered, I'm afraid you won't suit me. I've always bin brought up
genteel: and I couldn't go nowheres where there ain't no footman
kep'."
xiii. Another.--_Lady._ "Wish to leave! why, I thought, Thompson,
you were very comfortable with me!" _Thompson (who is extremely
refined)_. "Ho yes, mum! I don't find no fault with you, mum--nor
yet with master--but the truth _his_, mum--the _hother_ servants is
so orrid vulgar and hignorant, and speaks so hungrammaticai, that I
reely cannot live in the same 'ouse with 'em--and I should like to
go this day month, if so be has it won't illconvenience you!"
xiv. Cockney "Waiter.--"'Am, sir? Yessir? Don't take anything with
your 'am, do you, sir?" _Gentleman._ "Yes, I do; I take the letter
H!"
xv. Cockney Hairdresser.--"They say, sir, the cholera is in the
Hair, sir!" _Gent (very uneasy)_. "Indeed! Ahem! Then I hope you're
very particular about the brushes you use." _Hairdresser._ "Oh, I
see you don't nunderstand me, sir; I don't mean the 'air of the 'ed,
but the _h_air _h_of the _h_atmosphere?"
xvi. Cockney Sweep _(seated upon a donkey)_.--"Fitch us out another
penn'orth o' strawberry hice, with a dollop o' lemon water in it."
xvii. Feminine Cookney _(by the sea-side.)_--"Oh, Harriet, dear, put
on your hat and let us thee the stheamboat come in. The thea is tho
rough!--and the people will be tho abthurdly thick!"
[ALUM FIRST DISCOVERED A.D. 1300.]
192. Correction
Londoners who desire to correct the defects of their utterance cannot
do better than to exercise themselves frequently upon those words
respecting which they have been in error.
193. Hints for the Correction of the Irish Brogue.
According to the directions given by Mr. B. H. Smart, an Irishman
wishing to throw off the brogue of his mother country should avoid
hurling out his words with a superfluous quantity of breath. It is not
_broadher_ and _widher_ that he should say, but the _d_, and every
other consonant, should be neatly delivered by the tongue, with as
little riot, clattering, or breathing as possible. Next let him drop
the roughness or rolling of the _r_ in all places but the beginning of
syllables; he must not say _stor-rum_ and _far-rum_, but let the word
be heard in one smooth syllable. He should exercise himself until he
can convert _plaze_ into _please_, _planty_ into _plenty_, _Jasus_
into _Jesus_, and so on. He should modulate his sentences, so as to
avoid directing his accent all in one manner--from the acute to the
grave. Keeping his ear on the watch for good examples, and exercising
himself frequently upon them, he may become master of a greatly
improved utterance.
[TEA FIRST USED IN ENGLAND A.D. 1698.]
194. Hints for Correcting the Scotch Brogue.
The same authority remarks that as an Irishman uses the closing accent
of the voice too much, so a Scotchman has the contrary habit, and is
continually drawling his tones from the grave to the acute, with an
effect which, to southern ears, is suspensive in character. The smooth
guttural _r_ is as little heard in Scotland as in Ireland, the trilled
_r_ taking its place. The substitution of the former instead of the
latter must be a matter of practice. The peculiar sound of the _u_,
which in the north so of ten borders on the French _u_, must be
compared with the several sounds of the letter as they are heard in
the south; and the long quality which a Scotchman is apt to give to
the vowels that ought to be essentially short, must he clipped. In
fact, aural observation and lingual exercise are the only sure means
to the end; so that a Scotchman going to a well for a bucket of water,
and finding a countryman bathing therein, would not exclaim, "Hey,
Colin, dinna ye ken the water's for drink, and nae for bathin'?"
195. Of Provincial Brogues
it is scarcely necessary to say much, as the foregoing advice applies
to them. One militiaman exclaimed to another, "Jim, you hain't in
step" "Bain't I?" exclaimed the other; "well, change yourn!" Whoever
desires knowledge must strive for it. It must not be dispensed with
after the fashion of Tummus and Jim, who held the following dialogue
upon a vital question:--_Tummus_. "I zay, Jim, be you a
purtectionist?" _Jim_. "E'as I be." _Tummus_. "Wall, I zay, Jim, what
_be_ purtection?" _Jim_. "Loa'r, Tummus, doan't 'ee knaw?" _Tummus_.
"Naw, I doan't." _Jim_. "Wall, I doan't knaw as can tell 'ee, Tummus,
_vur I doan't exakerly knaw mysel'!_"
196. Rules of Pronunciation.
i. C before _a, o_, and _u_, and in some other situations, is a
close articulation, like _k_. Before _e, i_, and _y, c_ is precisely
equivalent to _s_ in _same, this_; as in _cedar, civil, cypress,
capacity_.
ii. E final indicates that the preceding vowel is long; as in hate,
mete, sire, robe, lyre, abate, recede, invite, remote, intrude.
iii. E final indicates that _c_ preceding has the sound of _s_; as
in _lace, lance;_ and that _g_ preceding has the sound of _j_, as in
_charge, page, challenge_.
iv. E final, in proper English words, never forms a syllable, and in
the most-used words, in the terminating unaccented syllable it is
silent. Thus, _motive, genuine, examine, granite_, are pronounced
_motiv, genuin, examin, granit_.
v. E final, in a few words of foreign origin, forms a syllable; as
_syncope, simile_.
vi. E final is silent after _l_ in the following
terminations,--_ble, cle, dle, fle, gle, kle, ple, tle, zle;_ as in
_able, manacle, cradle, ruffle, mangle, wrinkle, supple, rattle,
puzzle_, which are pronounced _a'bl, mana'cl, cra'dl, ruf'fl man'gl,
wrin'kl, sup'pl, puz'zl_.
vii. E is usually silent in the termination _en_; as in _token,
broken;_ pronounced _tokn, brokn_.
viii. OUS, in the termination of adjectives and their derivatives,
is pronounced _us;_ as in _gracious, pious, pompously_.
ix. CE, CI, TI before a vowel, have the sound of _sh;_ as in
_cetaceous, gracious, motion, partial, ingratiate;_ pronounced
_cetashus, grashus, moshun, parshal, ingrashiate._
x. SI, after an accented vowel, is pronounced like _zh;_ as in
_Ephesian, confusion;_ pronounced _Ephezhan, confuzhon_
xi. When CI or TI precede similar combinations, as in
pron_u_n_ci_a_ti_on, nego_ti_a_ti_on, they should be pronounced _ze_
instead of _she_, to prevent a repetition of the latter syllable; as
_pronunceashon_ instead of _pronunsheashon._
xii. GH, both in the middle and at the end of words ia silent; as in
_caught, bought, fright, nigh, sigh;_ pronounced _caut, baut, frite,
ni, si._ In the following exceptions, however, _gh_ are pronounced
as _f:--cough, chough, clough, enough, laugh, rough, slough, tough,
trough._
xiii. When WH begins a word, the aspirate _h_ precedes _w_ in
pronunciation; as in _what, whiff, whale;_ pronounced _hwat, hwiff,
hwale, w_ having precisely the sound of _oo_, French _ou_. In the
following words _w_ is silent:--_who, whom, whose, whoop, whole._
xiv. H after _r_ has no sound or use; as in _rheum, rhyme_;
pronounced _reum, ryme_.
xv. H should be sounded in the middle of words; as in fore_h_ead,
ab_h_or, be_h_old, ex_h_aust, in_h_abit, un_h_orse.
xvi. H should always be sounded except in the following
words:--heir, herb, honest, honour, hospital, hostler, hour, humour,
and humble, and all their derivatives,--such as humorously, derived
from humour.
xvii. K and G are silent before _n_; as _know, gnaw;_ pronounced
_no, naw._
xviii. W before _r_ is silent; as in _wring, wreath;_ pronounced
_ring, reath._
xix. B after _m_ is silent; as in _dumb, numb;_ pronounced _dum,
num._
xx. L before _k_ is silent; as in _balk, walk, talk;_ pronounced
_bauk, wauk, tauk._
xxi. PH has the sound of _f;_ as in _philosophy;_ pronounced
_filosofy._
xxii. NG has two sounds, one as in _anger_, the other as in
_fin-ger._ **
xxiii. N after _m_, and closing a syllable, is silent; as in _hymn,
condemn._
xxiv. P before _s_ and _t_ is mute; as in _psalm, pseudo,
ptarmigan;_ pronounced _sarm, sudo, tarmigan._
xxv. R, has two sounds, one strong and vibrating, as at the
beginning of words and syllables, such as _robber, reckon, error;_
the other as at the terminations of words, or when succeeded by a
consonant, as _farmer, morn._
xxvi. Before the letter R, there is a slight sound of _e_ between
the vowel and the consonant. Thus, _bare, parent, apparent, mere,
mire, more, pure, pyre,_ are pronounced nearly _baer, paerent,
appaerent, me-er,mier, moer,puer, pyer._ This pronunciation proceeds
from the peculiar articulation of _r_, and it occasions a slight
change of the sound of _a_, which can only be learned by the ear.
xxvii. There are other rules of pronunciation affecting the
combinations of vowels, &c.; but as they are more difficult to
describe, and as they do not relate to errors which are commonly
prevalent, we shall content ourselves with giving examples of them
in the following list of words. When, a syllable in any word in this
list is printed in italics [_like this_], the accent or stress of
voice should be laid on that syllable.
[AUCTIONS COMMENCED IN BRITAIN IN A.D. 1779.]
197. Proper Pronunciations of Words often Wrongly Pronounced.
Again, usually pronounced a-_gen_, not as spelled.
Alien, á-li-en not _ale-yen._
Antipodes, an-_tip_-o-dees.
Apostle, as _a-pos'l_, without the _t_.
Arch, _artch_ in compounds of our own language, as in archbishop,
archduke; but _ark_ in words derived from the Greek, as archaic,
ar-_ka_-ik; archaeology, ar-ke-_ol_-o-gy; archangel,
ark-_ain_-gel; archetype, _ar_-ke-type; archiepiscopal,
ar-ke-e-_pis_-co-pal; archipelago, ar-ke-_pel_-a-go; ar-chives,
_ar_-kivz, &c.
Asia, _a_-sha.
Asparagus as spelled, not asparagrass.
Aunt, ant, not _au_nt.
Awkward, awk-_wurd,_ not awk-_urd._
Bade, bad.
Because, be-_cawz,_ not ba-_cos_
Been, bin.
Beloved, as a verb, be-_luvd;_ as an adjective, be-_luv_-ed.
Blessed, cursed, &c., are subject to the same rule.
Beneath, with the _th_ in breath, not with the _th_ in breathe.
Biog'raphy, as spelled, not beography.
Buoy, boy, not bwoy.
Canal', as spelled, not ca-nel.
Caprice, capreece.
Catch, as spelled, not ketch.
Chaos, _ka_-oss.
Charlatan, _shar_-latan.
Chasm, kazm.
Chasten, chasn.
Chivalry, _shiv_-alry.
Chemistry, _kem'_-is-tre, not _kim_-is-tre.
Choir, kwire.
Clerk, klark.
Combat, _kum_-bat.
Conduit, _kun_-dit.
Corps, kor: the plural corps is pronounced korz.
Covetous, _cuv_-e-tus, not cov-e-tus.
Courteous, _curt_-yus.
Courtesy (politeness), _cur_-te-sey.
Courtesy (a lowering of the body), _curt_-sey.
Cresses, as spelled, not _cree_-ses.
Cu'riosity, cu-re-os-e-ty, not cur_os_ity.
Cushion, _coosh_-un, not coosh-_in_.
Daunt, d_aw_nt, not dant or darnt, as some erroneously pronounce it.
Design and desist have the sound of _s_, not of _z_.
Desire should have the sound of _z_.
Despatch, de-_spatch_, not _dis_-patch.
Dew, due, not doo.
Diamond, as spelled, not _di_mond.
Diploma, de-_plo_-ma, not _dip_-lo-ma.
Diplomacy, de-_plo_-ma-cy, not _dip_-lo-ma-cy.
Direct, de-_reckt_, not _di_-rect.
Divers (several), _di_-verz; but diverse (different), _di_-verse.
Dome, as spelled, not doom.
Drought, drowt, not drawt.
Duke, as spelled, not dook.
Dynasty, _dyn_-as-te, not _dy_-nas-ty.
Edict, _e_-dickt, not _ed_-ickt.
E'en and e'er, een and air.
Egotism, _eg_-o-tizm, not _e_-go-tism.
Either, _e_-ther or _i_-ther.
Engine, _en_-jin, not _in_-jin.
Ensign, _en_-sign; ensigncy, _en_-sin-se.
Epistle, without the _t_.
Epitome, e-_pit_-o-me.
Epoch, e-pock, not ep-ock.
Equinox, e-qui-nox, not eck-wi-nox.
Europe, U-rope, not U-rup. Euro-_pe_an not Eu-ro-pean.
Every, _ev_-er-y, not _ev_-ry.
Executor, egz-_ec_-utor, not with the sound of _x_.
Extraordinary, as spelled, not ex-_tror_--di ner-i, or
_ex_-traordinary, nor extrornarey
February, as spelled, not Febuary.
Finance, fe-_nance_, not _fi_nance.
Foundling, as spelled, not _fond_-ling.
Garden, _gar_-dn, not gar-den, nor gard-ing.
Gauntlet, gawnt-let, not _gant_-let.
Geography, as spelled, not _jo_graphy, or gehography.
Geometry, as spelled, not _jom_-etry.
Haunt, hawnt, not hant.
Height, hite, not highth.
Heinous, _hay_-nuss, not _hee_-nus.
Highland, _hi_-land, not _hee_-land.
Horizon, ho-_ri_-zn, not _hor_-i-zon.
Housewife, pronounced in the ordinary way when it means the mistress
of a house who is a good manager, but _huz_-wif, when it means a
small case for needles.
Hymeneal, hy-men-e-_al_, not hy-menal.
Instead, in-_sted_, not instid.
Isolate _-so_-late; not _iz_-o-late, nor _is_-olate.
Jalap, _jal_-ap, not jolup.
January, as spelled, not Jenuary nor Janewary.
Leave, as spelled, not leaf.
Legend _lej_-end, not _le_-gend.
Lieutenant, lef-_ten_-ant, not leu-_ten_-ant.
Many, _men_-ney, not man-ny.
Marchioness, _mar_-shun-ess, not as spelled.
Massacre, _mas_-sa-ker, not mas-sa-cre.
Mattress, as spelled, not _mat_-trass.
Matron, _ma_-trun, not mat-ron.
Medicine, _med_-e-cin, not _med_-cin.
Minute (sixty seconds), _min_-it.
Minute (small), mi-_nute_.
Miscellany, mis-_cel_-lany, not _mis_-cellany.
Mischievous, _mis_-chiv-us, not mis-_cheev_-us.
Ne'er, for never, nare.
Neighbourhood, _nay_-bur-hood, not _nay_-burwood.
Nephew, _nev_-u, not _nef_u.
New, nu, not noo.
Notable (worthy of notice), _no_-tu-bl.
Oblige, as spelled, not obleege.
Oblique, ob-_leek_, not o-_blike_.
Odorous, o-der-us, not _od_-ur-us.
Of, ov, except when compounded with the here, and where, which
should be pronounced here-_of_, there-_of_, and where-_of_.
Off, as spelt, not awf.
Organization, _or_-gan-i-_za_-shun, not or-ga-_ne_-za-shun.
Ostrich, os-tr'ch, not _os_-tridge.
Pageant, _paj_-ent, not _pa_-jant.
Parent. _pare_-ent, not _par_-ent.
Partisan, _par_-te-zan, not par-te-_zan_, nor _par_--ti-zan.
Patent, _pa_-tent, not _pat_-ent.
Physiognomy, as _fiz_-i-_og_nomy, not phy-sionnomy.
Pincers, _pin_-cerz, not pinch-erz.
Plaintiff, as spelled, not plan-tiff.
Pour, pore, not so as to rhyme with our.
Precedent (an example), _pres_-e-dent; pre-_ce_-dent (going before
in point of time, previous, former), is the pronunciation of the
adjective.
Prologue, _pro_-log, not _prol_-og.
Quadrille, ka-_dril_, not quod-ril.
Quay, key, not as spelled.
Radish, as spelled, not red-ish.
Raillery, _rail'_-er-y, or _ral_-er y, not as spelled.
Rather, _rar_-ther, not ray-ther.
Resort, re-_sort_.
Resound, re-_zound_.
Respite, _res_-pit, not as spelled.
Rout (a party; and to rout), should be pronounced rowt. Route (a
road), root.
Saunter, _saun_-ter, not _sarn_-ter or _san_-ter.
Sausage, _saw_-sage not sos-sidge, nor sassage.
Schedule, _shed_-ule, not shed-dle.
Seamstress is pronounced _seem_-stress, but semp-stress, as the word
is now commonly spelt, is pronounced _sem_-stress.
Sewer, _soo_-er or _su_-er, not shore, nor shure.
Shire, as spelled, when uttered as a single word, but shortened into
shir in composition.
Shone, shon, not shun, nor as spelled.
Soldier, _sole_-jer.
Solecism, _sol_-e-cizm, not sole-cizm.
Soot as spelled, not sut.
Sovereign, _sov_-er-in, not suv-er-in.
Specious, _spe_-shus, not _spesh_-us.
Stomacher, _stum_-a-cher.
Stone (weight), as spelled, not stun.
Synod, _sin_-od, not _sy_-nod.
Tenure, _ten_-ure, not _te_-nure.
Tenet, _ten_-et, not _te_-net.