Usually with gall-stones or concretions, or distomata. In sheep from
decomposing vegetation. Symptoms: anæmia, emaciation, pallor, icteric
mucosæ. Digestive disorder and bilious stools suggest worms.
Treatment: as in horse, or vermifuge.
Though less common than in the dog icterus in ruminants occurs, but most
commonly in connection with gall stones and concretions, or with
trematodes in the gall ducts. These forms will be noticed under these
respective headings. Verheyen describes an icterus of sheep which occurs
enzootically in damp low undrained localities, and is attributed by
shepherds to the consumption of dead and fermenting leaves. The symptoms
are those of anæmia, emaciation, and increasing weakness, with a pallor
and more or less dull yellow of the conjunctiva, and, later, of the
other mucosæ. The loss of appetite, indigestion, yellow liquid fæces,
suggest the possible presence of parasites as a cause, and the
prescribed treatment by common salt, juniper berries and tonics
strengthens the suspicion. Other forms must be treated according to
cause on the lines laid down above.