1/2 inch plates, 50 lbs. pressure. The seams and plates were
overheated by shortness of water, and gave way at ordinary pressure.
It is supposed the water "kicked" into the other boiler, as there was
no back valve to prevent this whenever one boiler happened to be fired
a little harder, and consequently at slightly higher pressure than the
other. There was no damage except to the boiler.
_No. 9. Birmingham. (Fig. 9.) February 25th. none injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 9._]
Cornish, 5 years old, 32ft. long, 7ft. diameter. Tube 2ft. 4in.
diameter, 7/16 inch plates, 30 lbs. pressure. Cracked along the
bottom of front end where internally "furrowed." The boiler was not
disturbed, but as the water escaped into an iron furnace the bricks
were scattered, but little damage done. The boiler was intended for two
tubes, and therefore there was a large part supported only by stays,
allowing of a slight movement with varying pressure which facilitates
the corrosion in certain lines of strain called "furrowing." In this
case they were so close to the angle iron and filled with scale that
they were difficult to detect.
_No. 10. Cornwall. (Fig. 10.) March 17th. 5 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 10._]
Upright Boiler, 2 ft. high, 1ft. 9in. diameter, 1/4 inch plates. It
gave way where deeply corroded externally round the bottom angle iron.
The top was blown through the roof and did considerable damage, the
bottom being left in the grate.
_No. 11. Sheffield. (Fig. 11.) March 27th. 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 11._]
Agricultural or Contractor's Engine, 9ft. 2in. long, 2ft. 6in.
diameter, 3/8 inch plates, 30 lbs. pressure. The heads of stays on each
side were corroded outside and drew through the holes, allowing the
angles of fire box to open. Boiler was not disturbed and no damage was
done.
_No. 12. Portsmouth. (Fig. 12.) March 29th. 3 killed, 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 12._]
One of two. Cornish, 9 years old, 22ft. long, 6ft. diameter. Tube 3ft.
diameter, 3/8 inch plates, 40 lbs. pressure. Gave way at mid-feather
wall where corroded to 1/32 inch, at a place where flues were too
narrow to enter. Two rings of plates were torn out and blown into an
adjoining street, while the reaction of the escaping contents forced
the boiler into a building in a very singular manner, doing very great
damage. This case is of peculiar interest, because although the cause
of explosion was so plain to see, all the old theories of decomposition
of steam, and ignition of hydrogen, were revived, and it was even
stated that "a bad boiler could not explode, as the corroded part would
give way, and allow the steam to escape harmlessly," and any cause
seemed to be considered more probable than the plain and simple one,
that it was corroded to the thickness of card board. Like many other
examples this explosion shows that however well a boiler is tended, it
should be examined in the flues to make sure that it is safe.
_No. 13. Manchester. March 30th. 2 killed, 3 injured._
Underground. Some alterations were being done to some brick arching,
which fell upon and broke steam pipes, and the escape of steam
suffocated those near.
_No. 14. Warrington. (Fig. 13.) April 13th. 6 killed, 3 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 13._]
Lancashire, used for evaporation only, 24ft. 6in. long, 8ft. diameter,
3/8 inch plates, and usually worked with little or no pressure.
The boiler was very old and much patched, and incapable of bearing the
15 lbs. pressure which was temporarily put upon it.
_No. 15. Scotland. April 18th. none injured._
Plain cylinder, said to have exploded from shortness of water, but no
particulars have been obtained.
_No. 16. Cornwall. (Fig. 14.) April 18th. 1 killed, 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 14._]
One of two. Cornish, very old, 34ft. long, 6ft. diameter. Tube 3ft.
10in. diameter, 3/8 inch plates, 50 lbs. pressure. The tube collapsed
and the front part was blown out, and the boiler was forced back a
little. It was said to have been short of water, but the weakness of a
tube of such large diameter was most likely the true cause.
_No. 17. Wellington. (Fig. 15.) April 22nd. none injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 15._]
One of two. Balloon, very old, 11ft. high, 9ft. 6in. diameter, 3/8 inch
plates, 5 lbs. pressure. The bottom was corroded externally to 1/8
inch, and temporarily repaired with screw patches, and was so reduced
in strength that it gave way at the ordinary pressure.
The top was blown about 20 yards away, but little damage was done.
_No. 18. Cornwall. May. none injured._
Cornish, 30ft. long, 6ft. diameter. Tube 3ft. 6in. diameter, 40 lbs.
pressure. Boiler gave way under bottom where corroded very thin, but
little damage was done.
_No. 19. Darlaston. (Fig. 16.) May. none injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 16._]
Cornish, 15ft. long, 4ft. 3in. diameter. Tube 1ft. 6in. diameter, 7/16
inch plates, 40 lbs. pressure. Tube collapsed and ruptured, having been
softened by overheating through shortness of water. Very little damage
was done.
_No. 20. Westbromwich. (Fig. 17.) May 12th. 2 killed._
[Illustration: _Fig. 17._]
One of three. Plain cylinder, 5 years old, 34ft. long, 6ft. diameter,
7/16 inch plates, 45 lbs. pressure. Gave way by the rent of a ripped
seam over the fire, which had been repeatedly temporarily patched
without restoring the strength or stopping the rip. Three rings were
torn out of the middle, while the front end was blown into the bed room
of a house, and the back part of the boiler was thrown across a canal
through two walls into a distant street. Great damage was done.
_No. 21. Dublin. (Fig. 18.) May 18th. 3 killed, 6 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 18._]
Cornish. Second-hand, but just started at this place, 26ft. long, 6ft.
diameter. Tube 3ft. diameter, 3/8 inch plates, 40 lbs. usual pressure.
Tube collapsed from end to end. The pressure at time was supposed to
be 70 lbs., and as there was no evidence of shortness of water, it is
presumed the tube gave way from weakness. The boiler was moved forward
about 20 feet, but much damage was done to premises.
_No. 22. Bury. (Fig. 19.) May 25th. none injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 19._]
Domestic Saddle, 5ft. long, 3ft. high, 2ft. 6in. wide, 3/8 inch plates,
15 lbs. pressure, the cistern being 30ft. above. There were no stays
between the inner and outer shell, and the space between them was too
small to allow proper circulation of water to keep the plates from
overheating, so that it was hardly fit for its ordinary pressure, and
the top was blown off.
_No. 23. Kidsgrove. (Fig. 20.) May 26th. 13 killed, 9 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 20._]
One of three. Four Furnace Upright, 12 years old, 17ft. 6in. high, 9ft.
diameter. Centre tube 5ft. 9in. diameter, 3/8 inch plates, 40 lbs.
pressure. The centre tube was much corroded on the inside and collapsed
inwards from consequent weakness, allowing the contents to issue at the
bottom of the boiler, and the reaction sent the whole boiler high up
into the air, and on to a roof causing great damage.
_No. 24. Lowestoft. (Fig. 21.) May 27th. 2 killed._
[Illustration: _Fig. 21._]
Crane or Donkey boiler on board a vessel. About 6ft. high, and 3ft.
diameter, 25 lbs. pressure. The internal fire box collapsed from the
softening of the plates through shortness of water, the blow off pipe
having been left open too long. Little or no injury was done to the
ship.
_No. 25. Birmingham. (Fig. 22.) June 2nd. 2 killed, 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 22._]
Cornish, 6 years old, 21ft. long, 6ft. diameter. Tube 3ft. diameter,
3/8 inch plates, 40 lbs. pressure. The tube was so much weakened by
cracks and by being out of true circle, that it collapsed from end to
end at the ordinary working pressure.
_No. 26. Wigan. (Fig. 23.) June 6th. none injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 23._]
One of two. Cornish, 28ft. 7in. long, 5ft. 4in. diameter. Tube 3ft.
diameter, slightly oval, 3/8 inch plates, 50 lbs. pressure. Tube
collapsed over the fire and ruptured from weakness. The boiler was not
moved and the damage was not great.
_No. 27. Bury. June 9th. 1 injured._
Lancashire. The plates were reduced to 1/16 inch by external corrosion,
so that the boiler was not able to bear the ordinary pressure, but no
details have been obtained.
_No. 28. Workington. (Fig. 24.) June 9th. 7 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 24._]
One of two. Cornish, nearly new, 16ft. long, 5ft. diameter, 3/8 inch
plates, 45 lbs. pressure. Three plates over fire collapsed from
overheating through shortness of water.
_No. 29. Nottingham. (Fig. 25.) June 13th. 3 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 25._]
Ten years old. Plain cylinder, with flat ends, 10ft. long, 2ft.
diameter, diagonal seams, 1/4 inch plates, 25 lbs. pressure. The whole
shell was blown 80 yards to the front, and the chimney and engine house
much damaged. It was much corroded and badly patched, so as to be unfit
to carry pressure.
_No. 30. Blackburn. (Fig. 26.) June 17th. 2 killed, 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 26._]
Sixteen years old. Galloway, 26ft. long, 7ft. diameter, 3/8 inch
plates, 56 lbs. pressure. There was a combustion chamber between the
furnace tubes and the main tube, and this had been lately repaired
insecurely, and gave way and burst upwards. The boiler was not moved,
but the contents issued so violently that a good deal of damage was
done to surrounding premises.
_No. 31. Glasgow. (Fig. 27.) June 17th. none injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 27._]
Crane Boiler, about 2 years old, 7ft. high, 4ft. diameter, 3/8 inch
plates, 50 lbs. pressure. The internal fire box collapsed and the
external shell was blown to pieces. There was no sign of shortness
of water, but it is supposed that the fire box was not circular, and
therefore too weak to bear the ordinary pressure.
_No. 32. Bilston. (Fig. 28.) June 21st. 2 killed, 6 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 28._]
One of seven. Plain cylinder, 30 years old, 30ft. long, 8ft. 3in.
diameter, 1/2 inch plates, 35 lbs. pressure. It gave way over fire
place, where it had been weakened by frequent repair, which had caused
a seam rip near a patch. The fragments were widely scattered, and
much damage was done to the premises. The insecurity of boilers so
frequently repaired with patch upon patch has been often pointed out.
_No. 33. Darlington. (Fig. 29.) June 24th. 2 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 29._]
One of twelve. Two Furnace Upright, about 2 years old, 20ft. high,
8ft. diameter, 7/16 inch plates, 30 lbs. pressure. The water was
allowed to run so low that the plates softened by the overheating, and
a small piece was blown open and threw down the brickwork.
_No. 34. Dudley. (Fig. 30.) June 25th. 2 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 30._]
One of two. Balloon, 34 years old, 12ft. diameter, 10ft. high, 3/8
inch plates, 7 lbs. pressure. There were no stays, and the boiler was
of very weak shape, and as the boiler it worked with was loaded to 15
lbs., it is presumed this also was exposed to that pressure, and burst
in consequence. It gave way at the angle at front over the fire, and
was thrown over the engine house.
_No. 35. Manchester. (Fig. 31.) June 27th. 2 killed, 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 31._]
One of four. Galloway, 4 years old, 32ft. long, 8ft. diameter, 7/16
inch plates. Tube 2ft. 10in. diameter, originally intended for 40 lbs.,
but worked at 65 lbs. pressure. The left hand tube collapsed sideways,
having been very much weakened by internal corrosion.
_No. 36. July 2nd. 1 injured._
Marine. One of the oval tubes collapsed. The boiler was worked at
a higher pressure than it was capable of bearing safely, but no
particulars have been obtained.
_No. 37. Scotland. July 3rd. 2 killed, 3 injured._
Plain Cylinder, 3 years old, 20ft. long, 4ft. diameter, 25lbs.
pressure. It was so corroded inside about the water line from bad
water, that it gave way at the ordinary pressure. The boiler was thrown
160 yards from its seat.
_No. 38. July 29th. none injured._
Cornish, 26ft. long, 5ft. 9in. diameter, tube 3ft. 6in. diameter, 7/16
inch plates, 35 lbs. pressure. The boiler rent open where externally
corroded to 1/32 inch, and 3 widths of plates were torn away.
_No. 39. Nottingham. August 12th. none injured._
Tubulous Boiler, quite new, made entirely of tubes. One tube gave way
at defective weld, but no other damage was done.
_No. 40. Leicester. (Fig. 32.) August 13th. 4 killed, 5 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 32._]
Upright Boiler, nearly new, 10ft. high, 5ft. diameter, with internal
fire box, 1/2 inch plates, 45 lbs. pressure. The shell was rent into
many pieces, which were widely scattered, doing much damage. The safety
valve was defective and incapable of relieving the pressure, and the
spring indicated wrongly, so that a much higher pressure was used than
the boiler could bear safely.
_No. 41. Newcastle-on-Tyne. (Fig. 33.) Sep. 14th. 5 killed, 20 injured._
One of two. Plain Cylinder, with plates arranged lengthways, 17 years
old, 27ft. long, 6ft. diameter, 3/8 inch plates, 30lbs. pressure,
mechanically fired. It had just been extensively repaired over the
fire, but it gave way at the back end, where a plate had been put in
some time before, and it is supposed that a seam rip or injury to
the old plate, not visible outside or in, was then set up, which was
perhaps increased by the strain of late repairs and gave way as soon as
steam was again raised to working pressure. See No. 55 this year and
many others in past years of similar construction.
[Illustration: _Fig. 33._]
_No. 42. Nottingham. (Fig. 34.) September 15th. 1 killed._
[Illustration: _Fig. 34._]
Tubulous, or all tubes, 1-1/2 years old, 100 lbs. pressure. Steam was
being raised with too little water in the boiler, so that the tube
became overheated and incapable of bearing pressure, and rent open, and
as the boiler was in a small space the steam suffocated the attendant,
but the boiler was not disturbed or the premises injured.
_No. 43. Tunstall. (Fig. 35.) September 17th. 3 killed, 1 injured._
One of four. Plain Cylinder, 8 years old, 36ft. long, 5ft. diameter,
3/8 inch plates, 50 lbs. pressure. It gave way at fifth seam, where
a seam rip, caused by bad repair, had so far weakened it that it was
unable to bear the usual pressure, and the ends were blown in opposite
directions.
[Illustration: _Fig. 35._]
_No. 44. Exeter. (Fig. 36.) September 27th. 1 killed._
[Illustration: _Fig. 36._]
Lancashire, 2 years old, 31ft. long, 7ft. diameter, tube 2ft. 10in.
diameter, with 56 Field tubes in each, 3/8 inch plates, 45 lbs.
pressure. The right hand tube collapsed and ruptured from softening of
plates through shortness of water. The fire was blown out and set the
premises on fire and much damage was done.
_No. 45. Cardiff. October 1st. 1 killed, 2 injured._
Locomotive, 4-1/2 years old, 14ft. long, 4ft. diameter, 7/16 inch
plates, 120 lbs. pressure. The fire box was reduced to 1/32 inch by
corrosion, and unable to bear the usual pressure and rent open, and the
escaping contents rushed out at the fire doors and injured those near.
_No. 46. Liverpool. (Fig. 37.) October 4th. 4 killed, 4 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 37._]
Plain Cylinder, 6ft. 6in. long, 3ft. 6in. diameter, 3/8 inch plates,
80 lbs. pressure. The plates were corroded both inside and out, and
in some places reduced to less than 1/16 inch in thickness, and it
was quite unfit to bear the ordinary pressure. The damage to the
surrounding property was very great although the boiler was so small.
The shell of the boiler was thrown across a street into an upper room
of the house opposite.
_No. 47. Bathgate. October 14th. 2 injured._
Rag Boiler. The boiler became exposed to higher pressure than it was
intended to bear. The boiler house was destroyed, but no particulars
have been obtained.
_No. 48. Walsall. (Fig. 38.) October 19th. 1 killed, 2 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 38._]
Cornish, 7 years old, 13ft. 3in. long, 5ft. 6in. diameter, tube 3ft.
6in. diameter, 3/8 inch plates, and supposed to work at 30 lbs.
pressure. The gauge was so out of order that it only indicated half
the real pressure. The tube was not in good condition and had leaked
very much and was quite unfit for the pressure of 60 lbs. to which
the valve was loaded. The tube collapsed beyond the bridge, and the
contents issued at the back and drove the boiler forward 30 feet and
into a workshop.
_No. 49. Soho. (Fig. 39.) October 19th. 1 killed, 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 39._]
One of four. Lancashire, 23ft. long, 7ft. diameter, tube 2ft. 6in.
diameter, 30 lbs. pressure, usually, but 15 lbs. at time of explosion.
The left side of left tube collapsed and rent owing to shortness of
water.
_No. 50. North Wales. (Fig. 40.) October 19th. 1 killed, 8 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 40._]
One of two. Cornish, 26ft. long, 5ft. 6in. diameter, tube 3ft.
diameter, 7/16 inch plates, 23 lbs. pressure. The bottom was so thinned
by external corrosion that it was not able to bear the usual pressure
and rent open. The boiler was turned upside down, and the house much
injured.
_No. 51. Berwick. (Fig. 41.) October 21st. 1 killed._
[Illustration: _Fig. 41._]
Cornish, 12ft. long, 4ft. 3in. diameter, tube 2ft. 4-1/2in. diameter,
3/8 inch plates, 32 lbs. pressure. The tube collapsed, having become
overheated through shortness of water.
_No. 52. Sheffield. (Fig. 42.) October 26th. 1 killed, 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 42._]
Locomotive, 11 years old, 9ft. 6in. long, 4ft. diameter, 1/2 inch
plates, 80 lbs. pressure. The top plate over fire box was blown off,
having given way along a "furrow" caused by corrosion in a line of
strain owing to position of stays. It was in a part of the boiler where
it is not usual to find it, and as it could not be seen, it increased
until unable to bear the usual pressure.
_No. 53. Darlaston. (Fig. 43.) October 27th. 3 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 43._]
Plain Cylinder, 22ft. long, 4ft. diameter, 7/16 inch plates, 25 lbs.
pressure. The water was allowed to get so low that the sides were
softened by overheating, and rent open. The boiler was not moved and
only a few bricks were disturbed.
_No. 54. Cornwall. (Fig. 44.) October 27th. 1 killed._
[Illustration: _Fig. 44._]
One of three. Cornish, 12 years old, 36ft. long, 6ft. diameter, tube
3ft. 9in. diameter, 3/8 inch plates, 38 lbs. pressure. The tube
collapsed from end to end, the front and central parts being blown
out. The shell and back of tube were thrown in one piece to the rear,
and much damage was done. It was supposed to have been short of water,
because the tube had collapsed, but it is more likely it collapsed
because of its weakness without strengthening rings. A tube in this
boiler collapsed in a similar way about 5 years previously.
_No. 55. Newcastle. (Fig. 45.) November 17th. 1 killed, 2 injured._
One of seven. Plain Cylinder, with plates arranged lengthways, 30 years
old, 26ft. long, 6ft. diameter, 3/8 inch plates, 35 lbs. pressure,
mechanically fired. Gave way at a seam on the right hand side of the
fire place, where the insertion of a new plate had caused injury to the
old plate, and it divided into two parts which were sent in different
directions. The uncertainty and treacherousness of these straight
seamed boilers has often been pointed out. See No. 41, and many
examples in former years.
[Illustration: _Fig. 45._]
_No. 56. South Wales. November 19th. none injured._
Cornish, 7ft. diameter, tube 4ft. diameter, 40 lbs. pressure. Tube
collapsed from weakness.
_No. 57. Shields. (Fig. 46.) November 24th. 1 killed, 2 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 46._]
One of two. Marine, second hand when put in 3 years since. Return tube
12ft. 4in. long, slightly oval, 6ft. diameter at front, and 5ft. 6in.
at back; tube, oval, 3ft. 10in. wide, and 3ft. deep, 5/16 inch plates,
25 lbs. pressure. The tube collapsed. It was in such a corroded and
cracked condition, and so badly repaired, with screw patches, that it
was unable to bear the ordinary pressure.
_No. 58. Manchester. (Fig 47.) December 2nd. 3 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 47._]
One of two. Balloon, used for evaporating only, nearly new, 9ft. high,
and 9ft. diameter, 1/2 inch plates, not usually worked at any pressure.
The top was thrown 60 yards away, and the bottom left on furnace. The
boiler was temporarily exposed to pressure which it was too weak a
shape to bear.
_No. 59. Bilston. (Fig. 48.) December 2nd. 1 killed, 2 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 48._]
Plain Cylinder, 5 years old, 14ft. 9in. long, 4ft. 9in. diameter, 3/8
inch plates, 30 lbs. pressure. The water was allowed to get so low that
the sides became softened by overheating and rent open, and blew the
fire upon those near, but without disturbing the boiler or brickwork.
_No. 60. Hanley. (Fig. 49.) December 16th. 1 killed, 5 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 49._]
One of two. Balloon, 30 years old, 15ft. diameter, 3/8 inch plates,
worked at 20 lbs. pressure. It rent in two and threw down the engine
house and chimney. The boiler was not intended to work at more than 5
lbs. pressure, and was quite unable to bear the extra pressure to which
it was exposed.
_No. 61. Leeds. (Fig. 50.) December 24th. 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 50._]
Domestic, wrought iron, welded, 13-1/2 inches wide, 12 inches high. The
house had been empty, and the pipes to cistern, 26 feet above, had
frozen, and when a fire was lighted the accumulated pressure, having no
escape, forced out the front.
_No. 62. Leamington. (Fig. 51.) December 25th. none injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 51._]
Domestic Saddle, wrought iron welded, 1ft. 9in. long, and the same
width and height. The circulating pipes were stopped by ice, and the
accumulated pressure forced down the underside and rent open the joint.
The building was injured.
_No. 63. Morley. (Fig. 52.) December 25th. none injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 52._]
Domestic Saddle, wrought iron welded, 2ft. 6in. long, 1ft. 6in. wide
and high. The circulating pipes being stopped by ice the accumulated
pressure forced out the plate on the under side. The building was
injured.
_No. 64. Liverpool. (Fig. 53.) December 25th. 2 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 53._]
Domestic, 1ft. 8in. wide and high, 1ft. deep, 1/2 inch cast iron. The
circulating pipes were stopped with ice, and the accumulated pressure
forced out the front, and did great damage to the house.
_No. 65. London. (Fig. 54.) December 25th. 1 killed._
[Illustration: _Fig. 54._]
Domestic, wrought iron, 1ft. 3in. wide, 1ft. 4in. high, 6in. deep, 3/8
inch thick. The circulating pipes to the cistern about 30ft. above were
stopped with ice, and the accumulated pressure rent the boiler in the
welded joints, and did great damage to the house.
_No. 66. Dukinfield. (Fig. 55.) December 26th. none injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 55._]
Domestic, cast iron, 3/8 inch thick, 1ft. 3in. wide, 1ft. deep. The
circulating pipes were frozen, and the pressure accumulated and rent
the boiler to fragments and did great damage to the room.
_No. 67. Northallerton. (Fig. 56.) December 29th. 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 56._]
Locomotive, 20 years old, 12ft. 9in. long, with plates arranged
lengthways, 3ft. 8in. diameter, 3/8 inch plates, 80 lbs. pressure.
The barrel appears to have given way on the under side near fire box,
and opened out and rent into fragments. As the pieces containing
the probable first rent were missing, nothing positive could be
ascertained. It may have contributed to the rupture that the engine
drew from the fire box instead of from the frame.
_No. 68. London. (Fig. 57.) December 29th. none injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 57._]
Domestic, Saddle, wrought iron, welded, 1ft. 6in. long, 1ft. 2in. wide,
and 1ft. high, 3/8 inch thick. The circulating pipes to cistern 25ft.
above were frozen, and the accumulated pressure forced the crown out of
under side of boiler, and caused great damage to premises.
_No. 69. London. December 30th. none injured._
Domestic, the circulating pipes were frozen, and the accumulated
pressure caused the boiler to rent open, but little damage was done.
_No. 70. Burton. Date not ascertained. 1 killed._
Plain Cylinder, underground, internally corroded until too weak to bear
ordinary pressure.
* * * * *
_R. Broomhall, Printer, Stourbridge._
BOILER EXPLOSIONS IN 1871.
_No. 1. Tranmere. (Fig. 1.) January 1st. 1 injured._
[Illustration: _Fig. 1._]