ears and understanding brains that mere material self-interest alone
will furnish a motive strong enough to shatter monopoly; and after
monopoly comes Socialism or--chaos. But the interest of the smaller
self is not the only force which aids us in the present, or will guide
us in the future. The angels are on our side. The constant presence
of a vast mass of human misery is generating in the educated classes
a deep discontent, a spiritual unrest, which drives the lower types
to pessimism, the higher to enquiry. Pessimism paralyses the arms and
unnerves the hearts of those who would be against us. Enquiry proves
that Socialism is founded upon a triple rock, historical, ethical, and
economic. It gives, to those who make it, a great hope--a hope which,
once it finds entrance into the heart of man, stays to soften life
and sweeten death. By the light of the Socialist Ideal he sees the
evil--yet sees it pass. Then and now he begins to live in the cleaner,
braver, holier life of the future; and he marches forward, steeled and
stimulated, with resolute step, with steadfast eye, with equal pulse.
It is just when the storm winds blow and the clouds lour and the
horizon is at its blackest that the ideal of the Socialist shines with
divinest radiance, bidding him trust the inspiration of the poet rather
than heed the mutterings of the perplexed politician, bidding him
believe that
“For a’ that, for a’ that,
Its coming yet for a’ that,
That man to man the world o’er
Shall brothers be for a’ that.”
FOOTNOTES:
[96] It is to the half-conscious recognition of this generalisation
that the disappearance of militant Republicanism among the English
working classes is owing.
[97] The difference of principle here is more apparent than real. The
Gladstonians repudiate any desire for separation, and affirm their
intention of maintaining the absolute veto of the imperial Parliament;
while the Unionists avow their ultimate intention of giving to Ireland
the same powers of self-government now enjoyed, or to be enjoyed by
England and Scotland.
[98] The battles for Catholic Emancipation and the removal of the
religious disabilities were fought on sectarian rather than on
political grounds.
[99] This is perhaps not, historically, quite true; but the landlords
believed that their own prosperity depended upon the exclusion of
foreign corn, and that is sufficient for the purpose of my argument.
[100] _Cf._ The speeches of Mr. John Morley on the eight hours’
proposal and the taxation of ground rents. Also the recent writings of
Mr. Bradlaugh, _passim_.
[101] One of the most indefatigable and prolific members of the
Socialist party, in a widely circulated tract, has actually adduced the
existence of _hawkers’ licenses_ as an instance of the “Progress of
Socialism”!
[102] It is worth noting that those organs of the press which are
devoted more particularly to the landed interest have been the first to
hint at the probable desirability of dealing with great _industrial_
monopolies by means of legislation.
INDEX.
Absentee Proprietors, 22
Abstinence, Reward of, 17
Abstract method in Economics, 21
Administrative Errors, 37
“Administrative Nihilism”, 38
Adulteration Acts, 41
Aged, Treatment of the, 150
Agriculture and Machinery, 62
Aladdin’s uncle outdone, 9
Aliens, Necessity under Socialism for a law of, 125
Althorp, Lord, 69
America (See UNITED STATES).
American Independence, Declaration of, 60
Anarchists, Modern, 160
Anarchy preferred to corrupt State regulation by progressive thinkers,
160
Andrews, E. Benjamin, on Trusts, 85
Angels, Constitution and status of, 108
Angels, condition of their imitation on earth, 110
Argyle, Duke of, 127
Aristotle, 160
Arkwright’s inventions, 33, 59
Aristocratic employments, 109
Ashley, Lord (See LORD SHAFTESBURY).
Associated Capitals, Competitive force of, 142
Associations, Legal position under Socialism of voluntary, 126
Austin, John, 39, 120, 165
Autobiography of John Stuart Mill, 50, 52
Aveling, Rev. F. W., 52
Balfour, Right Hon. A. J., 106
Barbarous Countries, Exploitation of, 74
Bastille, Fall of the, 34, 60
Bebel, August, 119
Bedford, Duke of, 127
Bellamy, E. (author of “Looking Backward”), 145
Benefit Association, Sheep and Lamb Butcher’s Mutual, 88
Benevolence and Omnipotence, The dilemma between, 23
Bentham, Jeremy, 29, 39, 40, 53, 165
Bequest, 122
Berkeley, Bishop, 39
Besant, Annie, 136
” Walter: His belated chivalry, 108
Bimetalism suggested as a solution of the social problem, 174
Birmingham, 46
” compared with Warwick, 123
Bismarck, Socialism and Prince, 192
Blanc, Louis, His Definition of Communism, 131
Bland, Hubert, 50, 184
Bloodshed: How to argue with its advocates, 166-7
Bonanza farms, 62, 142
Bourgeoisie, The Factory Acts and the, 190
Free Trade and the, 190
Bradford, 46
Bradlaugh, Charles, 182
Bramwell, Lord, 28, 175
Bright, John, 69, 79
Brittany, Standard of comfort in, 123
Peasants of, 134
British Association, 157
” Mind, The Vestry stamp upon the, 182
Bryce, James, 78
Brook Farm, 28
Browning, Robert, 23
Burns, John, 174
Bunyan, John, 135
Cade, Jack, 160
Cairnes, J. E., on the idle rich, 78
Canada, Conquest of, 60, 71
Canals, Socialization of, 141
Cant: Its Source, 4, 106
Capital: Is not machinery, 16
Is the result of saving, 17
Is spare subsistence, 17
Cannot be safely taken by the State except for immediate employment
as capital, 173
Source of municipal capital, 175
Provision for municipal accumulation, 178
“Capital” (Karl Marx’s work), 23, 36
“Capital and Land” (Fabian Tract), 43
Capitals, Competitive force of associated, 142
Capitalism, 16
Unscrupulousness of, 69
Its idea self-destructive, 110
Morals of, 69, 106, 109
Characteristic effects of, 111
Its origin in piracy and slave-trading, 158
Capitalist: Separation of his function from that of the
_entrepreneur_, 76
Regulation of the, 43
Type of the, 105
Capitalist combinations and State action, 91
Capitulations by proprietary classes, 181
Career open to the talented, 7
Carlyle, Thomas, 30, 41
Cartwright, Rev. Edmund, Inventions of, 59
Caste (see CLASS).
Castlereagh, Viscount, 34
Catastrophic Socialism, 136, 166, 183, 185
Catechism, Misquotation of the Church, 110
Catholic Church, Socialism of the, 113
Catholic Emancipation, 34, 188
Centralization of State industries, 142, 181
Chalmers, Rev. Thomas, 39
Charity, 19, 169, 174
“Charter, The People’s”, 48
Chartism, 48, 169
Cheque Bank: Suggestion as to Communal currency, 150
Children: In Communes, 150
Effect of Socialism on the status of, 182
“Christian Socialism”, 79, 80
Church Catechism, The, 110
Church, The Catholic, 113
Church of England: A mere appanage of the landed gentry, 31
Church of England: Effect of property holding on the, 124
Democratization of the, 182
“Church Reformer, The”, 39
Churches, 2
Church-going, Hypocrisies of, 5
Church, Declaration of the Pan-Anglican Synod concerning Socialism
and the, 174
Civilizations and Societies, 20
Civil Servants: Their reputation for unconscientiousness, 107, 165
“Claims of Labor, The”, 36
Clanricarde, Lord, 53
Clarke, William, 28, 56, 136, 183
Class Feeling and Morality, 17, 103, 105, 106, 108-110
Classes, Separation of, 17
Cleavage, Economic, 185
Clive, Robert, 60, 71
Coal mining, Application of machinery to, 151
Coal monopoly in the Unite States, 78
Cobden Club disconcerted by the appearance of Imports not paid for by
Exports, 169
Cobden, Richard, 74, 79
Colonization, Modern, 21, 182
Coleridge, S. T., 40
Combination, 14
Benefits of, 91
Commercial policy of England under Capitalism, 71
Commodities: Exchange of, 9
Process by which their value is reduced to the cost of production of
the most costly unit of the supply, 12, 178
Common Sense, 94, 116
Commune: Its establishment in England already accomplished, 143
Communes, 2
Communism defined, 131
Communities, Savings of, 123
Debts of, 128
Compensation for expropriated proprietors, 175
Competition: Theory of, 161
Decline of, 81
Effect on wages, 171
Comte, Auguste, 27, 30, 169
Comte de Paris, 28
“Condition of the Working Classes” (F. Engels’ work), 36
Conduct and Principle, Incompatibility set up by Private Property
between, 4
Conscience, Social, 137
Conservatives, Present attitude of, 188
Consols:
Nature of the operation called “reducing”, 181
Consumption, Associated, 121, 133
Contracts restricted in England, 130
Contradictions apparently besetting the investigation of value, 10
Conventions as to Morality, 100, 101
Cooking, Public and private, 140
Co-operative Movement, 41, 81, 124, 144
Socialist origin of the, 79, 174
Aims of the leaders, 174
Co-operative Experiments, 129
Co-ordination, Social, 54
Copyright, 120, 132, 133
Copper, The “corner” in, 84
Corners, 14
Cost of Production: What it means, 13
Reduction of value to, 13
On inferior soils, 4
Cotton Manufacture, Progress of the, 66
Cotton-seed Oil Trust, 88
County Councils, The new, 35, 123, 128, 138, 171, 181
County Council, The London, 181
County Family, Origin of the, 4
County Farms, Organization of, 139
County Government Act (See COUNTY COUNCILS).
Covert Garden Market and the Duke of Bedford, 127
Crime: Its relativity, 105
Criminal Class: Its formation, 18, 112
Cromptom, Samuel, Inventions of, 33
Cultivation of the Earth, 1
Its beginning, 2
Its “margin”, 3, 5
Effect of exploration on the progress of, 20
Cultivation of the Earth:
Discrepancies between its actual progress and that deduced from
abstract economics, 20
Culture:
Effect on profits of industrial management of the spread of, 179
Currency, Suggestion as to communal, 150
Cynicism of our time, 5
” Routed by Socialism, 24
Dante, 8
Darwin, Charles, 41, 85, 169
“Darwinism and Politics”, 51
Darwinian theory appealed to by monopolists, 85
By Socialists, 51
Day, The working, 141
Debt, The National, 129
Debts, Law as to, 125
Of Communities, 128
Decentralization, Necessity for, 170
Definitions of economic rent, 4
Demand, Effective, 19
Supply and, 8
Democracy: Import of, 29, 30, 35, 54, 55, 195
Instability of, 55
Postulated by Socialism, 166
Further steps necessary to consummate, 170
Democrat, Distinction between the Ordinary and the Social, 166
Democratic Federation (See S. D. F.)
De Quincey, Thomas, 40
Desire as a social motor, 96, 102
Detailed suggestions for social organization of unemployed labor, 140
De Tocqueville. A. C. H. C., 29
Devil worship, 24
Diocesan Councils, Central Conference of, 54
Dirty Work, 145
Discipline in socialized industries, 143
Discovery of new countries, 21
Disestablishment of the Church, 188
Dishonesty a product of Capitalism, 111
Disingenuousness of Class Economics, 14, 19, 21
Dismal Science now the Hopeful, 25
Dismissal, Power of, 143
Dissolution of the Old Synthesis, 31
Division of labor, 3
Drainage Acts, 41
Drinking Fountains, Communism exemplified in, 131
Drone and Worker, 4
Earnings distinguished from the revenue of Private Property, 20
Ecclesiastical intolerance, Reaction against mediæval, 161
Economics (See POLITICAL ECONOMY).
Economists (See POLITICAL ECONOMISTS).
Education: Reform of, 49
Moral, 102
A necessity for morality, 111
Socialist ideal of, 115, 134
Effect on profits of industrial management, 179
Tendency of Social Democracy to encourage, 180
Eight Hours, Working day of, 141
Electors, Number of, 35
Elizabethan merchant adventurers, 159
Emigration, 167
Employer: Differentiated from Capitalist, 76
And laborer, 137
Not harmed by Socialism, 177
Engels, F., 36
England: Her social policy to-day, 19
In 1750, 30
Her foreign policy dictated by Capitalism, 73, 74
Her mineral fertility, 167
“English Factory Legislation.” (See also FACTORY LEGISLATION), 36
_Entrepreneur_ (See EMPLOYER).
Episcopal Conference, 54
Equality of remuneration, 148, 149
Errors (See MISTAKES exposed by Socialism).
Ethics: Metaphysic of, 94
Positive science of, 95
Evolution, Effect of Hypothesis of, 24, 51
Exchange of Commodities, 12
Mechanism of, 10
Exchange Value (See VALUE), 9
Exploitation, 18
Factories before the Factory Act, 36, 67
Factory Legislation, 36, 41, 70, 125, 167, 190
Factory System, Introduction of the, 33, 59
“Facts for Londoners”, 181
“Fair Trade”, 92
Family: Effect of Socialism on the, 182
Origin of the County, 4
Isolation of the, 122, 133
Farms: Organization of County, 139
Bonanza, 142
Fawcett, Henry, 4
Federation of Municipalities, 181
Feudalism: Survival of, 31
Reaction against its domineering, 160
Feudal dues, 38
Fielden, John, 70
Filibuster, The Colonizing, 182
Final Utility, Theory of, 11, 12
Flag, Trade following the, 182
Flats, Living in, 121
Fly-Shuttle, Invention of the, 59
Foreign Investments, Interest on, 169
Foreign Markets, The fight for, 74, 181
Foreign Policy: Effect of Capitalism upon, 71
Effect of Socialism upon, 181
Foreign Trade following the Flag, 182
Forestalling, 14
Fourier, F. C. M., 121
Fox, Charles James, 34
Foxwell, Professor H. S., 37
Free Ferry, The London, 47
“Free Land” and the Radical party, 50, 195
Free Trade Movement, 73
Foreign investments left out of account by the, 169
The bourgeoisie and the, 190
Freethinker, Possible Election to the Deanery of Westminster of an
avowed, 182
French Revolution, 34, 60, 174
Friction caused by introduction of Municipal Socialism, 178
Furse, Canon, 54
Gambling, 2
Gasworks, Socialization of, 45, 139, 181
George III, 72
George, Henry, 95, 127, 161, 169, 172
Georgism, Checkmate to, 173
Giffen, Robert, 169, 173
Gladstone, Right Hon. W. E., 47
Retrogressive instincts of, 161
Glasgow, 47
Growth of, 33
Godin and Leclaire, Experiments of, 151
Godwin, William, 39
Gold: As money, 10
Effect of Discoveries in California and Australia, 167
Goschen, Right Hon. G. J., 181
Gould, Jay, 69
Government: In 1750, 32
Industries carried on by, 42
“Government Organization of Labor”, 46
Gradual Socialization, 31
Compensation a condition of, 175
Greek Republics, 125, 148, 160
Greenock, 46
Gronlund, Laurence, 119, 121, 125
Grote, George, 39
Ground values, Municipilization of, 175
Growth of Towns, 32
Guild of St. Matthew, 39
Guillotining, 182
Habits: Moral, 97
Automatic, 98
Harbors, Nationalization of, 149
Harcourt, Rt. Hon. Sir W. V., 106
On the teetotal stump, 106
“We are all Socialists now”, 190
Hargreaves, James, The Inventions of, 33, 59
Harrison, Frederic, 54
Hastings, Warren, 71
Haves and Have-nots, 186
Head Rents, Relative Insignificance of, 8
Hegel, G. W. F., 162, 165
High Church Party, 39
Historical: Method in Economics, 20
Development of Private Property, 20
Basis of Socialism, 26
“Historical Basis of Socialism” (Hyndman’s work), 27
“History”: “Of Agriculture and Prices”, 32
“Of the 18th Century”, 34
“Of Private Bill Legislation”, 38
“Of the Reform Bill”, 31
Hobbes, Thomas, 160
Hobhouse, Lord, 171, 175
Hobhouse, Sir John Cam, 68
Homestead Law, 126
Hospital, The, 18
House of Commons, 181
House of Lords, Abolition of, 170
Household Suffrage, 34
Huddersfield, 46
Human Life, Disregard of Capital for, 146
Hume, David, 38, 161
Huxley, Professor, 53
Hyndman, H. M., 27, 169
Hypocrisy, 5, 158
Ibsen, Henrik, 134
Icaria, 28
Idleness, Association of prosperity with, 5
Idlers: their fate under Socialism, 151
Illth, 18
Illusions, Economic, 161
Immigration, Pauper, 125, 173
Improvement in Production, 6
Effect of unforeseen, 8
Incentive to Labor: Under Socialism, 151
Under Leasehold system, 171
Income Tax, 130, 150, 167
An instrument of expropriation, 176
“Rent of ability” recoverable by, 181
Independent Weaver, Transformation of the, 59
India, Conquest of, under Clive and Warren Hastings, 60, 71
Indifference, Law of, 11
Individualism: Outbreak of, 37
Abandonment of, 54
The change to Socialism from, 137
Confusedly opposed to Socialism, 96
Its moralization, 97, 102
Anti-Social manifestation, 104
Protestant form of, 114
Abolished in production, 116
Industrial Organization, Centralization of, 147, 181
Industrial Remuneration Conference, 54
Industrial Revolution, 33-35, 41, 56, 136, 159
Attitude of parties during, 189
Industrialism, Evil effects of, 67
Industry: Under Socialism, 136
Nationalization of, 43
As virtue or vice, 106, 108
Disgraceful for women, 108
_La grande industrie_, 185
Inequality, 1
Mischief of, 20
Sense of it lost in contemplation of equality before God, 23
Inferior soils, Resort to, 3
Ingram, J. K., 80
Injustices produced by private appropriation of land, 5
Insanity, Definition of, 97, 100
Inspection of Industry, 43
Institutions, History of, 103
Insurance: National, 23
Municipal, 47
Insurrectionism, 165, 176
Intellectual Revolt, The, 185
Interest, 16
Fall in the current rate often mistaken for a tendency in Interest
to disappear, 17
Mr. Goschen’s operation for securing to the community the advantage
of the fall in the current rate, 17
A tribute, 105, 114
Interest, Class, 103
International Morality in the Middle Ages, 157
International Trade the dominant factor in foreign policy, 72, 181
Invention, Consequences of, 146
Inventor, The first, 6
Iron Industry, 60
Jevons, W. Stanley, 162
Joint Stock Companies: Development of, 43, 78
Not objects of public sympathy, 138
Joseph the Second, 30
Kaye of Bury, 33
Kingsley, Charles, 39, 41, 79
Kitchens: Separate, 122
Public, 134
Kropotkin, Peter, 61, 160
Labor: Mouth honor to, 5
In the market as a commodity, 9
Displaced by machinery, 63
Fruits of, 104
Municipal organization of, 140, 174
Labor colonies, 147
Beginning of State organization of, 175
Laborer and Employer, 137
(See also PROLETARIAN.)
_Laisser-faire_, 36, 38, 39, 51, 70, 160
Lancashire, Old, 57
Expansion of, 65
Weavers’ grievances, 72
Land, Rent of, 3-5
Point at which it becomes a close monopoly, 7
Powers of the County Councils to hold, 139
Nationalization of, 47, 172
Landlord, What he costs, 14
Landed Interest, Its policy, 187
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 57, 162
Law of Indifference, 11, 12
“ “ Rent (See also RENT), 4, 53, 161
“Leaseholds Enfranchisement”, 51, 174
Leaseholds: Origin of, 8
Confiscation at expiry of, 171
Lecky, W. J., 34, 71, 73
Leclaire and Godin, Experiments of, 151
Leed, 33, 38, 47
Legislation: Breakdown of mediæval, 160
(See also FACTORY LEGISLATION.)
Leveling-down action of Private Property, 14
Levi, Leone, 54
Liberal and Radical Union in favor of County Councils holding land,
47, 138
Libraries, Public, 134
Liberal Party, Its policy on Socialism, 190-192
Liberty and Equality, 53, 157
Liberty and Property Defence League, 47
Lincoln, Abraham: The moral of his assassination, 74
Liverpool, Growth of, 33
Lloyd, Henry D., on “Lords of Industry”, 83
Local: Improvement Acts, 41
Self-Government, 171
Government Boards dealings with the unemployed, 174
Government Board of the future, 181
Lodging Houses, Municipal, 47
London: Facts concerning, 181
The County Council, 181
Extraordinary proportions reached by Economic Rent in, 171
Liberal and Radical Union, 47, 138
London and Southwestern Railway shareholders, 78
“Looking Backward”, 145
Louis XVI, 56
Lying, As vice or virtue, 107
Machinery: Shoemaking by, 61
Agriculture by, 62
Displacement of hand labor by, 63
Progress of, 138, 146
Substitution for hand labor in disagreeable employments, 145
Chimney Sweeping by, 146
Maine, Sir Henry, 29, 54
Malthus, Rev. T. R., 32, 39, 162
Man as producer and exchanger, 12
“Man _versus_ the State”, 47
Management, Profits of industrial, 179
Managers, Qualifications and present value of industrial, 179-80
Manchester, 33, 38, 46
Manchester School, 74, 168
Its advocacy of Protection, 176
Manners, Lady Janette on “Are Rich Landowners Idle?”, 109
Manorial Rights, 32, 38
Mills, 38
Manors, 2, 32, 38
Marginal Utility (See FINAL UTILITY).
Margin of Cultivation, 2, 5
Obligation of private competitors to charge the full cost of
production at, 178-9
Markets: Effect on rent of proximity to, 3
The fight for foreign, 74, 181
Marriage, Contract of, 131
Marshall, Alfred, and Mary Paley--Definition of rent, 4
Marx, Karl, 36, 162, 169
Matthew, Guild of St., 39
Maurice, F. Denison, 39, 41, 79
Meliorism, 24
Men, Traffic in, 9
Mercantile System, 38
Method of Criticism on Moral Basis, 95
Metœci in Athens, 125
Middle Ages: Social Organization in the, 157
Middle Class: Its callousness, 73
Its moral ideas, 108-110
Its misunderstandings of Socialism, 164
Its dread of mob violence, 175
Militant organization of the working class for forcible revolution,
182, 184
Militarism and immigration, 125
Military Service, 131
Empires of the Continent, 125
Mill, James, 29, 33
Mill, John Stuart, 4, 31, 39, 41, 50, 52, 168
Milk Exchange of New York, 88
Milton, John, Proposal as to schools, 134
Mines: Their horrors before the legislation initiated by Lord Ashley,
61
Nationalization of, 150
Mines Regulation Acts, 41
Minor poetry, Socialist provision for the publication of, 144
Mirabeau, 60
Missionaries, 181
Mistakes exposed by Socialism:
That Society is no more than the sum of its units, 3, 50
That Private Property encourages industry, 6
That Private Property establishes healthy incentive, 6
That Private Property distributes wealth according to exertion, 6
That Rent does not enter into price, 14
That Exchange Value is a measure of true wealth, 19
That “the poor ye shall have always with you”, 24
That riots, regicide and bloodshed make Revolutions, 56, 166
Mob Violence, Middle-class dread of, 175
Molesworth, W. N., 31
Money, Function of, 10
Monopolies, 14
And Democracy, 89
Necessity for protecting the Postmaster’s, 168
Moral Basis of Socialism, 93
Habits and their origin, 98
Education of the Individual, 102
And of Society, 115
Moralists, Foolish, 6
Morality, 94
Relativity of, 96
Recognizable only in Society, 97
Conventional, 98, 100, 106, 108
Natural, 101, 109
Practical, 103
Class, 5, 23, 108, 109, 110, 159
Elementary conditions of, 113
Developed conditions of, 115, 116
Socialistic, 117
Medieval, 137, 158
Elizabethan, 159
“Morals and Health Act” (1802), 41, 160
More, Sir Thomas, 160
Morley, Right Hon. John, 47, 182, 192, 193
Motors, Influence of new, 33
Municipal: Corporations Act, 34
Action, 46
Socialism, 46, 175
Debt, 47
Development, 49
Prestige of Municipal Employment, 177
Municipalities, Growth of, 33, 35, 45, 46, 47
(See also COUNTY COUNCILS.)
Nabob, The appearance in English social life of the, 33
Napoleon: “The career is open to the talented”, 7
“A nation of shopkeepers”, 71
Nasmyth, James, invents the steam-hammer, 60
National Insurance, 23
National Liberal Federation, 48
“National Review, The”, 109
Nationalization of Rent, 22, 47
It results if unaccompanied by Socialistic organization of labor,
172
Inter-municipal rent, 181
Rent of ability, 179-80
(See also PROGRESS AND POVERTY.)
Nature: Caprices of, 3, 7
“Red in tooth and claw”, 23
Unmorality of, 24
The cause of Society, 98
Newspapers under Socialism, 144
New Hampshire, 121
New Motors, Influence of, 33
New River Company, 124
New York Legislature--Committee on Trusts, 86
Newcommen, Thomas, 33
Nexus, The social, 30, 32, 50
Oastler, Richard, 68
O’Connor, Fergus, 169
Oldest Families--Tradition of their superiority, 5
Oldham, 46
Olivier, Sydney, 93
Omnipotence and Benevolence, The Dilemma of, 23
Optimism: rebuked by Science, 24
The individual economists and their, 161
Organism, The Social, 50
Outlook, The political, 184
Over-population, 17
Owen, Robert, 40, 79, 121, 174
Painters, Gains of fashionable, 179
Paley, Rev. William, 39, 40
Palmerston, Chinese policy of Lord, 74
_Panem et Circenses_, 172
Parasitism, Economic, 107
Parliaments, Annual, 170
Parks, Public, 187-8
Parties, State and fundamental differences of, 120, 132
Patent rights, 155
Patronage in the public service, 165
Effect of appointments by, 165
Pauper Labor, How to deal with, 140
Payment of representatives, 170
Peasant Proprietorship, 50
Period of Anarchy, 35
Perpetual pension, Privately appropriated Rent is of the nature of
a, 4
Pessimism, 23, 200
Peterloo, 34
Philanthropy, Futility of, 167
“Philosophic Radicalism,” 40, 167
Physical force, 136, 166, 184
Advocated by Lord Bramwell, 175
Physicians, Gains of fashionable, 179
Piracy and the Slave Trade in the 16th century, 158
Pitt, William: His motives, 72