=Cyclostomata=, 188, =193=.
=Cydippida=, 154, 156.
=Cymopolia=, 51, =57=.
=C. barbata=, 51, =57=.
=Cynthia=, 473, =476=.
=C. carnea=, 473, =476=.
=C. partita=, 473, =476=.
=C. pyriformis=, 473, =476=.
=Cypræa=, 326, 334, =377=.
=C. aurantia=, =377=.
=C. exanthema=, 326, =378=.
=C. moneta=, =378=.
=C. spadacea=, 326, =379=.
=C. spurca=, 326, =378=.
=Cypræidæ=, 326, 377.
=Cypridina=, =238=.
=C. islandica=, =441=.
=Cyprinidæ=, 406, =441=.
=Cypris=, =238=.
=Cyrena=, 311.
=Cystoclonium=, 77, =83=.
=C. cirrhosa=, 77, =83=.
=C. purpurascens=, 77, =83=.
=Cystoseira=, 63, =73=.
=C. expansa=, 63, =73=.
=Cytherea=, 406, =450=.
=C. gigantea=, 406, =450=.
=C. maculata=, 406, =450=.
D
Dactylopores, =129=.
Dactylozoöids, =129=.
=Daphnia=, =238=.
=Dasya=, 77, 79, =89=.
=D. elegans=, 77, =89=.
=D. plumosa=, 77, =89=.
=Dasycladaceæ=, 51, =57=.
=Dasycladus=, 51, =57=.
=D. occidentalis=, 51, =57=.
=Decapoda=, 240, 257, 301, =468=.
Decussated, =303=.
=Delesseria=, 77, 79, 86.
=D. alata=, 77, 86.
=D. Leprieurii=, 77, 86.
=D. sinuosa=, 77, 86.
=Delesserieæ=, 77, =85=.
=Dendronotidæ=, 324.
=Dendronotus=, 41, 42, 324, =353=.
=D. arborescens=, 324, =353=.
=Dentalidæ=, 327, =402=.
=Dentalium=, 268, 327, 328, 404.
=D. dentale=, 327, 403.
=D. hexagonum=, 327, =403=.
=D. pretiosum=, 327, =403=.
Dermal branchiæ, =208=.
=Desmacidonidæ=, 100.
=Desmarestia=, 15, 62, 66.
=D. aculeata=, 43, 62, 66.
=D. ligulata=, 62, 67.
=D. viridis=, 62, 66.
=Desmarestiaceæ=, 62, 66.
Desmids, =33=.
=Desmosticha=, 217, 221.
Devil's pocket-books, 12.
Dextral, 303, =345=.
=Diadema=, 217, =222=.
=D. setosum=, 217, =222=.
=Diadematidæ=, 217, =222=.
=Diastopora=, 188, =194=.
=D. patina=, 188, =194=.
=Diastylis=, 242, =288=.
=D. quadrispinosus=, 242, =288=.
=Diatocardia=, 300, 324, =356=.
=Diatomaceæ=, 38.
Diatomaceous ooze, =21=.
Diatoms, 21, =32=.
Green, 435.
=Dibranchiata=, 301, 464, =468=.
=Dictyosiphon=, 62, =67=.
=D. f[oe]niculaceus=, 62, =67=.
=Dictyosiphonaceæ=, 62, =67=.
=Dictyota=, 63, =70=.
=D. dichotoma=, 63, =70=.
=D. fasciola=, 63, =70=.
=Dictyotaceæ=, 63, =70=.
=Diopatra=, 10, 161, =178=.
=D. cuprea=, 161, =178=.
=Diploria=, 141, 148.
=D. cerebriformis=, 141, =148=.
=Discomedusæ=, 133, =137=.
Distribution of algæ, =30=.
Of animal life in the sea, =23=.
=Doliidæ=, 326, =379=.
=Doliolum=, 472.
=Dolium=, 310, 326, =379=.
=D. galea=, 326, =379=.
=D. perdix=, 326, =379=.
=Donacidæ=, 406, =445=.
=Donax=, 10, 406, =445=.
=D. californicus=, 406, =445=.
=D. variabilis=, 406, =445=.
=Dorididæ=, 324.
=Doris=, 309, 324, =354=.
=D. bilamellata=, 324, =354=.
=Dorocidaris=, 217, =222=.
=D. Blakei=, 217, =222=.
=D. papillota=, 217, =222=.
Dorsal surface, 201, 202.
=Dosinia=, 406, =450=.
=D. discus=, 406, =450=.
=D. elegans=, 406, =450=.
Drill, =383=.
=Dromia=, =105=.
=Dromidæ=, 240, =264=.
Dulse, =38=.
=Dumontieæ=, 78, =94=.
E
Ears, =247=, 435.
Of corn, 12.
=Echidnocerus=, 240, =270=.
=E. cibarius=, 240, =270=.
=E. foriminatus=, 240, =271=.
=Echinanthidæ=, 217, =224=.
=Echinanthus=, 217, =225=.
=E. rosaceus=, 217, =225=.
=Echinarachnius=, 217, =225=.
=E. excentricus=, 217, =225=.
=E. parma=, 44, 217, =225=.
=Echinaster=, 204, =211=.
=E. sentus=, 204, =211=.
=Echinasteridæ=, 204, =211=.
=Echinidæ=, 217, =223=.
=Echinodermata=, 200, 202, 305.
=Echinoidea=, 200, 203, 217, =218=, 221.
=Echinometra=, 217, =223=.
=E. subangularis=, 217, =223=.
=Echinometridæ=, 217, =223=.
=Echinus=, 217, =224=.
=E. gracilis=, 217, =224=.
=Ectocarpaceæ=, 28, 62, =64=.
=Ectocarpus=, 28, 29, 62, =64=.
=E. Hooperi=, 29.
=E. littoralis=, 62, 64.
=E. siliculosus=, 62, =65=.
=E. tomentosus=, 62, =65=.
=E. viridis=, 62, =65=.
Ectoderm, =101=, 118.
=Ectoprocta=, 188, =193=.
=Edwardsia=, =144=.
Eel-grass, 12.
Egg-capsules, =314=.
Egg-cases, =11=, 12, 367.
Eggs, 248, 314, 343, 414.
=Elachista=, 62, =67=.
=Elachistaceæ=, =67=.
=Elytra=, =173=.
Embryology, =20=.
=Enc[oe]liaceæ=, 62, =65=.
=Encope=, 217, =226=.
=E. michelini=, 217, =226=.
Endoderm, =101=, 118.
Endopodite, 243, =246=.
Ensis, 310, 407, =458=.
=E. americanus=, =458=.
=E. directus=, 407, =458=.
=Entalis=, 327.
=E. striolata=, 327, =403=.
=Enteromorpha=, 26, 30, 51, =55=.
=E. clathrata=, 51, =55=.
=E. compressa=, 51, =55=.
=E. intestinalis=, 51, =55=.
=E. lanceolata=, 51, =56=.
=Entomostraca=, 238, =249=.
=Entoprocta=, 189, =198=.
Ephyrula, =136=.
=Epialtus=, 241, =286=.
=E. productus=, 241, =286=.
Epidermis, 303, =345=, 347.
Epimera, 243.
Epipodite, 243.
Epistoma, 243.
=Epizoanthus americanus=, =267=.
Equilateral, 418.
Equivalve, 418.
Erect Polyzoa, =193=.
=Errantia=, 161, =173=, 180.
=Escharella=, 188, =197=.
=E. variabilis=, 188, =197=.
=Escharina=, 188.
Escutcheon, 418.
=Esperiopsis=, 100.
=E. quatsinoensis=, =100=.
=Eucheuma=, 77, =84=.
=E. isiforme=, 77, =84=.
=Eucope=, =125=.
=E. diaphana=, 116, =125=.
=Eucratea=, 188, =195=.
=E. chelata=, 188, =195=.
=Eudendrium ramosum=, =116=, Plate XLI.
=Eugorgia aurantica=, Plate XLVI.
=Eulamellibranchiata=, 301, 406, 420, =438=.
=Eunicea lugubris=, Plate XLVII.
=Eunicidæ=, 161, =178=.
=Eupagurus kroyeri=, =267=.
=E. prideaux=, =267=.
=E. pubescens=, =267=.
=Eupanopeus=, 241.
=E. herbstii=, 241, =281=.
=Euphausia=, =239=, 247.
=Euphyllopoda=, =238=.
=Eupleura=, 326, =384=.
=E. caudata=, 326, =384=.
=Euryalida=, 213, =215=.
=Eurypanopeus=, 241.
=E. depressus=, 241, =281=.
=Euspongia=, 100, =107=.
=E. officinalis=, 100, =107=.
=E. officinalis=, var. =adriatica=, 100, =108=.
=E. officinalis=, var. =dura=, 100, =108=.
=E. officinalis=, var. =mollissima=, 100, =108=.
=E. officinalis=, var. =rotunda=, 100, =108=.
=Eusponginæ=, =100=.
=Euthora=, 77, =83=.
=E. cristata=, 77, =83=.
Exopodite, 243, 246.
Exoskeleton, 201, 203, =205=.
Ex-umbrella, =120=.
Eyes, 247, 322, =333=, 415, 416.
F
Family, 20.
=Fasciolaria=, 311, 327, 331, =397=.
=F. distans=, 327, =397=.
=F. gigantea=, 327, =397=.
=F. tulipa=, 327, =397=.
=Fasciolariidæ=, 327.
Feather-stars, 200, =234=.
=Fenja=, =144=.
Fiddler-crabs, 12, 241, =282=.
Filamentous plants, =26=.
=Filibranchiata=, 301, 405, 420, =423=.
Finger-pores, =129=.
=Fissurella=, 324, =357=.
=F. alternata=, 324, =357=.
=F. aspersa=, =324=.
=F. barbadensis=, 324, =357=.
=Fissurellidæ=, 324, =357=.
Flagellate Infusoria, =102=.
Flatworms, =164=.
=Florideæ=, 28, =31=, 76.
=Flustra=, 188, =196=.
=F. foliacea=, =192=.
=F. membranacea=, 188, =196=.
=Flustrina=, 188.
Foot, 303, 317, 320, 321, 328, =415=.
Gasteropod, =334=.
=Foraminifera=, =21=, 22.
Fossette, 303, 418.
=Fovia=, 160, =167=.
=F. Warrenii=, 160, =167=.
Free-swimming colonies, =130=.
Frond, =26=.
=Fucaceæ=, 27, 63, =71=.
=Fucus=, 15, 17, 30, 63, 64, =72=.
=F. ceranoides=, 63, =73=.
=F. furcatus=, 63, =73=.
=F. serratus=, 63, =73=.
=F. vesiculosus=, 38, 63, =72=.
=Fulgur=, 10, 11, 310, 314, 327, 330, =394=.
=F. canaliculata=, 12, 327, =395=.
=F. carica=, 12, 327, =395=.
=F. perversa=, 327, =396=.
=F. pyrum=, 327, =396=.
Functional siphon, 331.
Fuscous, 303.
Fusiform, =303=.
G
=Gammarus=, 9, 43, 242, =290=.
=G. annulatus=, =290=.
=G. locusta=, 242, =290=.
=G. mucronatus=, =290=.
=Gasteropoda=, 300, 320, 324, =328=, 335.
Gastric mill, 243, =247=.
Gastropores, 129.
=Gelasimus minax=, =282=.
=G. pugilator=, =282=.
=G. pugnax=, =282=.
Gelatinous, =27=.
=Gelidieæ=, 76, =80=.
=Gelidium=, 76, =80=.
=G. corneum=, 76, =80=.
=G. Coulteri=, Plate XVII.
Generic name, =28=.
Genus, 20.
Geographical distribution, =308=.
=Gephyrea=, 171, 185.
=Geryonopsidæ=, 116, =128=.
Ghost-crab, =282=.
Giant crab of Japan, =244=.
=Gigartina=, 28, 76, =81=.
=G. mamillosa=, 76, =81=.
=G. microphylla=, 76, =81=.
=G. radula=, 76, =81=.
=G. spinosa=, 76, =81=.
=Gigartinaceæ=, 28, 76, =80=.
Gills, =247=, 329, =336=, =413=.
Girdle, 322.
Glass-rope sponge, =102=.
=Globigerina=, =21=.
Globigerina ooze, =21=.
=Gloiosiphonia=, 78, =94=.
=G. capillaris=, 78, =94=.
=Gloiosiphonieæ=, 78, =94=.
Glove sponge, =104=.
=Glycera=, 161, =180=.
=G. americana=, 161, =180=.
=G. dibranchiata=, 161, =180=.
=Glyceridæ=, 161, =179=.
=Glycimeridæ=, 407, =459=.
=Glycimeris=, 407, =459=.
=G. generosa=, 407, =459=.
=Glyphis=, 324, =358=.
=G. aspersa=, 324, =358=.
Gonads, 135, =341=.
Gonangium, =118=.
Gonophore, 118.
Goose-barnacle, =252=.
=Gorgonacea=, 141, =152=.
=Gorgonia anceps=, Plate XLVI.
=G. flabellum=, Plate XLVII.
=Gracilaria=, 77, =84=.
=G. lichenoides=, 39.
=G. multipartita=, 77, =84=.
=G. spinosa=, 39.
=Grantia=, 100, =106=.
=G. ciliata=, 100, 105, =106=.
=Grapsidæ=, 241, =281=.
Grass sponge, =104=.
=Grateloupia=, 78, =94=.
=G. Cutleria=, 78, =94=.
=Grateloupieæ=, 78, =94=.
Green glands, =246=.
=Griffithsia=, 15, 29, 78, =91=.
=G. Bornetiana=, 78, =91=.
=G. corallina=, 29.
=Grinnellia=, 29, 77, =86=.
=G. Americana=, 29, 77, =86=.
=Gymnogongrus=, 76, =82=.
=G. Norvegicus=, 76, 82.
=Gymnolæmata=, 188, =193=.
H
=Halcyonoida=, 141, =150=.
Halcyonoids, =142=.
=Halichondria=, 100, =107=.
=H. panicea=, 100, =107=.
=Halidrys=, 63, =73=.
=H. osmunda=, 63, =73=.
=Halimeda=, 51, =58=.
=H. opuntia=, 51, =59=.
=H. tridens=, 51, =59=.
=H. tuna=, 51, =58=.
=Haliotidæ=, 324, =358=.
=Haliotis=, 9, 312, 324, =358=.
=H. cracherodii=, 324, =359=.
=H. rufescens=, 324, =359=.
=H. splendens=, 324, =359=.
=Haliseris=, 63, =71=.
=H. polypodioides=, 63, =71=.
=Halosaccion=, 78, =95=.
=H. ramentaceum=, 78, =95=.
=Halymenia=, 78, =94=.
=H. ligulata=, 78, =94=.
=Haminea solitaria=, 324, =351=.
=Harmothoë=, 161, =174=.
=H. imbricata=, 161, =174=.
Heart, 416.
Heart and vascular system, =341=.
Heart-urchins, 218, =226=.
=Heliaster=, 204, 205, =212=.
=H. multiradiata=, 204, =212=.
=Heliasteridæ=, 204, =212=.
=Helipora=, 147.
Helmet-shells, =380=.
=Helminthocladieæ=, 76, =79=.
=Hemigrapsus=, 241, =281=.
=H. nudus=, 241, =281=.
=H. oregonensis=, 241, =281=.
=Hemimyaria=, 472.
Herbarium, 17.
Hermit-crabs, 12, 258, 259, =264=, 362.
=Heteroc[oe]la=, 100.
=Heterograpsus nudus=, =281=.
=H. oregonensis=, =281=.
=Heterorrhaphidæ=, 100.
=Hildenbrandtia=, 78, =95=.
=H. rosea=, 40, 78, =95=.
=Himanthalia=, 63, =71=.
=H. lorea=, 63, =71=.
=Hippa=, 10, 240, =268=.
=H. analoga=, 240, =269=.
=H. talpoida=, 10, 11, 240, =268=.
=Hippasteria=, 204, =209=.
=H. phrygiana=, 204, =209=.
=Hippidæ=, 240, =268=.
=Hippoconcha=, 240, =264=.
=H. arcuata=, 240, =264=.
=Hippospongia=, 100, =108=.
=H. canaliculata=, 100, =108=.
=H. canaliculata=, var. =flabellum= 100, =109=.
=H. canaliculata=, var. =gossypina=, 100, =108=.
=H. equina=, 100, =108=.
=H. equina=, var. =agaricina=, =108=.
=H. equina=, var. =cerebriformis=, 100, =108=.
=H. equina=, var. =dura=, =108=.
=H. equina=, var. =elastica=, 100, =108=.
=H. equina=, var. =meandriformis=, 100, =108=.
=Hircinia=, 100, =109=.
=H. campana=, 100, =109=.
Histology, =20=.
Holdfasts, 26.
=Holocampa=, 141, =145=.
=H. producta=, 141, =145=.
=Holothuria edulis=, =232=.
Holothurians, 202, 203.
=Holothuroidea=, 200, 228, =229=.
=Homarus=, 240, =261=.
=H. americanus=, 240, =262=.
=H. capensis=, =261=.
=H. vulgaris=, =261=.
=Homorrhaphidæ=, 100.
How to arrange a herbarium, =17=.
=Hyas=, 241, 284, =285=.
=H. araneus=, 241, =285=.
=H. coarctatus=, 241, =285=.
=H. lyratus=, 241, =285=.
=Hybocodon=, =124=.
=H. prolifer=, 116, =124=.
=Hydractinia=, 116, =122=.
=H. polyclina=, 116, =122=, 266.
=Hydrallmania falcata=, =127=.
Hydranth, 118, 119.
=Hydrocorallina=, 117, =129=.
Hydroids, 22, 114, =119=.
Hydrorhiza, 118.
Hydrosoma, 118.
Hydrotheca, 118.
=Hydrozoa=, 112, 114, 116, =119=, 120.
=Hypnea=, 77, =84=.
=H. musciformis=, 77, =84=.
I
Ideal mollusk, =317=.
=Idotea=, 242, =293=.
=I. irrorata=, =293=.
=I. marina=, 242, =293=.
=I. metallica=, 242, =294=.
=I. ochotensis=, 242, =294=.
=I. wosnesenskii=, 242, =294=.
=Idyia=, 154, =157=.
=I. cyanthina=, 154, =158=.
=I. roseola=, 154, =157=.
=Inarticulata=, 188.
=Infusoria=, 21, 101.
Interambulacral areas, 201, 202, 218.
Introvert, 186.
=Iridæa=, 76, =82=.
=Isopoda=, 242, =291=.
Isopods, 12.
J
=Janthina=, 325, =364=.
=J. fragilis=, 325, =365=.
=Janthinidæ=, 325, =364=.
=Jellyfishes=, 7, 44, 112, 115, 119, =134=.
Jonah crab, =277=.
K
Kelp, =38=.
Kingdom, =19=.
Kitchen-middens, 432.
L
Labial palps, 416.
=Labiosa canaliculata=, =447=.
=Lacuna=, 309, 326, =373=.
=L. vincta=, 12, 44, 326, =373=.
Lady-crab, =276=.
=Lambrus=, 241, =286=.
=L. pourtalesii=, 241, =286=.
=Lamellibranchiata=, 409.
Lamelliform, 303.
=Laminaria=, 43, 63, =70=.
=L. digitata=, 44, 63, =70=.
=L. longicruris=, 63, =70=.
=L. saccharina=, 63, =70=.
=Laminariaceæ=, 31, =35=, 38, 63, 64, 68.
Laminarian zone, 30,=31=.
Larva, 201.
=Larvacea=, 472.
=Laurencia=, 77, =89=.
=L. pinnatifida=, 77, =89=.
Laver, =38=.
=Leathesia=, 62, =68=.
=L. difformis=, 41, =68=.
=L. tuberiformis=, =68=.
=Leda=, 309, 405, =422=.
=L. tenuisulcata=, 405, =422=.
=Lepas=, 239, 250, =252=.
=L. anatifera=, 239, =253=.
=L. pectinata=, 239, =253=.
=L. striata=, 239, =253=.
=Leptodora=, =238=.
=Leptogorgia Agassizii=, Plate XLVII.
=L. rigida=, Plate XLVII.
=Leptoliniæ=, 116, =121=.
=Leptomedusæ=, =116=.
=Leptoplana=, 160, =166=.
=L. folium=, 160, =166=.
=Lessonia=, =36=, 63.
=Leucosolenia=, 100, =106=.
=L. botryoides=, 100, =106=.
=Liagora=, 76.
=Libinia=, 241, =284=.
=L. dubia=, 241, =284=.
=L. emarginata=, 241, =284=.
Ligament, 417.
=Limnoria=, 242, =292=.
=L. lignorum=, 13, 242, 290, =292=.
Limpets, 9.
=Limulus=, 242, =294=.
=L. moluccanus=, =295=.
=L. polyphemus=, 242, =294=.
=Linerges=, 133, =139=.
=L. mercurius=, 133, =139=.
Lines of growth, =344=, 347.
=Lineus marinus=, =167=.
=L. sanguineus=, =168=.
Lingual ribbon, 303, =340=.
Lip, inner, =344=.
Outer, =344=.
Lithocysts, =135=.
=Lithodes=, 240, =270=.
=L. maia=, 240, =270=.
=Lithodidæ=, 240, =270=.
Littoral, =23=.
Species, 308.
Zone, =30=.
=Littorina=, 9, 309, 311, 325, 338, =370=.
=L. angulifera=, 325, =372=.
=L. irrorata=, 325, =372=.
=L. litorea=, 8, 41, 42, 325, =371=.
=L. palliata=, 42, 325, =372=.
=L. planaxis=, 325, =373=.
=L. rudis=, 41, 42, 325, =371=.
=L. scutulata=, 325, =373=.
=Littorinella minuta=, 12.
=Littorinidæ=, 325, 338, =370=.
=Livona=, 325, 362.
=L. pica=, 268, 325, =362=.
=Lizzia=, 120.
=Lobata=, 154, =156=.
Lobsters, 240, 247, 250, 258, 259, =261=.
=Loligo=, 464, 467, 469.
=L. brevis=, 464, =469=.
=L. Pealei=, 464, =469=.
=Lomentaria=, 77, =85=.
=L. Baileyana=, 77, =85=.
Lophophore, 190, =193=.
=Lophothuria=, 228.
=L. fabricii=, 228, =232=.
=Loripes=, 406, =443=.
=L. edentula=, 406, =443=.
=Lottia=, 324, =357=.
=L. gigantea=, 324, =357=.
=Lovenia=, 217, =227=.
=L. cordiformis=, 217, =227=.
=Loxorhynchus=, 241, =285=.
=L. crispatus=, 241, =285=.
=Lucapina=, 324, =358=.
=L. crenulata=, 324, =358=.
=Lucernaria=, 133, =136=.
=L. auricula=, 133, =136=.
=Lucina=, 311, 406, =442=.
=L. californica=, 406, =443=.
=L. dentata=, 406, =443=.
=L. floridana=, 406, =442=.
=L. nuttallii=, 406, =443=.
=L. pennsylvanica=, 406, =442=.
=L. tigrina=, 406, =442=.
=Lucinidæ=, 406, =442=.
=Luidia=, 204, =209=.
=L. alternata=, 204, =209=.
=L. clathrata=, 204, =209=.
=L. senegalensis=, 204, =209=.
=Lumbriconereis=, 161, =179=.
=L. tenuis=, 161, =179=.
=Lunatia=, 12, 309, 314, 325, =367=.
=L. heros=, 10, 12, 44, 325, =367=.
=L. lewisii=, 325, =368=.
=L. triseriata=, 325, =367=.
Lunules, =224=, 303, 418.
=Lyngbya=, 48.
=L. æstuarii=, =50=.
=L. ferruginea=, =50=.
=L. majuscula=, =50=.
M
=Macoma=, 406, =444=.
=M. baltica=, 406, =445=.
=M. nasuta=, 406, =444=.
=M. proxima=, 406, =445=.
=M. secta=, 406, =444=.
=M. tenta=, 406, =445=.
=Macrocystis=, =35=, 63.
=M. pyrifera=, 36, =70=.
=Macrura=, 240, 258, =259=, 272.
=Mactra=, 310, 406, 410, =446=.
=M. lateralis=, 406, =447=.
=M. ovalis=, 406, =447=.
=M. similis=, 406, =447=.
=M. solidissima=, 406, =446=.
=Mactridæ=, 406, =446=.
Madreporic plate, 201, =203=, =206=, 218.
=Maiidæ=, 241, =284=.
=Malacostraca=, 239, =257=.
Mandibles, =246=, 258.
Mantle, 303, =316=, 319, 328, 331, =410=.
Mantle cavity, 303, 319, =336=.
Mantle fusion, =412=.
=Margarita=, 309, 325, =360=.
=M. cinerea=, 325, =360=.
=M. helicina=, 12, 44, 325, =360=.
=M. undulata=, 325, =360=.
Margin, 417.
Anterior, 417.
Dorsal, 417.
Posterior, 417.
Ventral, 417.
=Marginella=, 311, 327, =399=.
=M. apicina=, 327, =399=.
=Marginellidæ=, 327, =399=.
Marine invertebrates, 97.
Maxillæ, 243, =246=, 258.
Maxillipeds, 243, =246=, 258.
=Meckelia=, 160, =169=.
=M. ingens=, 160, =169=.
=M. rosea=, 160, =169=.
=Mediaster=, 204, =209=.
=M. æqualis=, 204, =209=.
=Megalops=, =248=, 273.
=Meleagrina margaritifera=, 313, 430, 431.
=Melita nitida=, =290=.
=Mellita=, 217, =225=.
=M. testudinata=, 217, =225=.
=Melobesia=, 78, =96=.
=Melongena=, 311, 327, =396=.
=M. corona=, 327, =396=.
Membranaceous, 27.
=Membranipora=, 188, 192, =196=.
=M. lineata=, 188, =196=.
=M. pilosa=, 43, 188, =196=.
=M. tenuis=, 188, =197=.
=Menippe=, 241, =280=.
=M. mercenaria=, 241, =280=.
=Meristomes=, 242, =294=.
Mesoderm, =101=, 118.
=Mesogl[oe]a=, 62, =68=.
=M. divaricata=, 62, =68=.
=M. virescens=, 62, =68=.
=Metalia=, 217, =227=.
=M. pectoralis=, 217, =227=.
Metameres, =243=.
Metapodium, 376.
=Metazoa=, 101.
=Metridium marginatum=, 42.
=Microciona=, 100, =107=.
=M. prolifera=, 100, =107=.
=Microcladia=, 78, =93=.
=M. borealis=, 78, =93=.
=M. Coulteri=, 78, =93=.
=Millepora=, =129=.
=M. alcicornis=, 117, =129=.
=Mitra=, 313.
=Mnemiopsis=, 154, =157=.
=M. Leidyii=, 154, =157=.
=Modiola=, 309, 405, =426=.
=M. modiolus=, 405, =428=.
=M. nigra=, =429=.
=M. plicatula=, 405, =429=.
=M. recta=, 405, =429=.
=M. tulipa=, 405, =429=.
=M[oe]ra levis=, =290=.
=Moina=, =238=.
=Moira=, 217, =226=.
=M. atropos=, 217, =226=.
=Molgula=, 473, =475=.
=M. arenata=, 473, =476=.
=M. manhattensis=, 473, =475=.
=M. pellucida=, 473, =476=.
=Mollia=, 188, =197=.
=M. hyalina=, 188, =197=.
=Mollusca=, 300, =305=, 328.
=Monoceras=, 312, 326, =387=.
=M. engonatum=, 326, =388=.
=M. lapilloides=, 326, =388=.
Monomyarian, =303=, 430.
=Monostroma=, 26, 51, =55=.
=Monotocardia=, 300, 325, =364=.
Morphology, 20.
Moss-animals, =191=.
Mother-of-pearl, 431.
Moulting, =248=, 259, 263.
Mounting seaweeds, =16=.
Mouth, 329, =333=.
Mud-crabs, 12.
Muddy shores, =12=.
Multivalve, 307.
=Murex=, 326, 331, =382=.
=M. fulvescens=, =383=.
=M. pomum=, 326, =383=.
=M. rufus=, 326, =382=.
=M. tenuispina=, =343=, 347.
=Muricea specifera=, Plate XLVI.
=Muricidæ=, 326, =381=.
=Muricinæ=, 326, =381=, 385.
Muscles, =248=.
Musical sands, 2.
Mussel, great horse-, 428.
Mussels, 43, 321, =426=.
=Mya=, 309, 407, =456=.
=M. arenaria=, 3, 42, 44, 311, 407, =456=.
=Mycedium fragile=, Plate XLV.
=Myidæ=, 407, =456=.
=Myrionema=, 62, 68.
=Mysis=, 239, =257=.
=M. sternolepsis=, 239, =257=.
=Mytilidæ=, 406, =426=.
=Mytilus=, 41, 309, 406, =426=.
=M. californicus=, 405, =428=.
=M. edulis=, 42, 43, =287=, 405, 427, =428=.
=M. hamatus=, 405, =428=.
N
Naming of plants, =28=.
=Nanomia=, =130=.
=N. cara=, 117, =130=.
=Narcomedusæ=, 117.
=Nassa=, 3, 10, 12, 327, 335, =390=.
=N. fossata=, 327, =391=.
=N. mendica=, 327, =391=.
=N. obsoleta=, 10, 12, 327, =390=.
=N. perpinguis=, 327, =391=.
=N. tegula=, 327, =391=.
=N. trivittata=, 10, 11, 327, =390=.
=N. vibex=, 327, =391=.
=Nassidæ=, 327, =390=.
=Natica=, 311, 325, 334, =367=.
=N. canrena=, 325, =368=.
=N. clausa=, 325, =368=.
=N. heros=, =367=.
=Naticidæ=, 325, =366=.
=Nauplius=, =248=, 251.
=Nautilus=, 328, =467=.
=Navicula ostrearia=, 435.
Nekton, =23=.
=Nemalion=, 76, =79=.
/N. multifidum/, 76, =79=.
/Nemalionaceæ/, 76, =79=.
=Nemathelminthes=, 159, 161, =170=.
=Nematoda=, 161, =170=.
Nematophore, 118.
Nemerteans, =167=.
=Nemertes=, 160, =169=.
=N. socialis=, 160, =169=.
=N. viridis=, 160, =169=.
=Nemertinea=, 160, =167=.
=Neopanopeus=, 241.
=N. texana=, 241, =281=.
Nephridia, =319=.
Nephridium, 303.
=Nephthydidæ=, 161, =177=.
=Nephthys=, 161, =178=.
=N. ingens=, 161, =178=.
=N. picta=, 161, =178=.
=Nereidæ=, 161, =176=.
=Nereis=, 161, =176=.
=N. limbata=, 161, =177=.
=N. pelagica=, 161, =177=.
=N. virens=, 161, =177=.
Nereocystis, 63, 70.
=N. Lütkeana=, =35=.
=Nerine=, 161, =181=.
=N. agilis=, 161, =181=.
=N. coniocephala=, 161, =181=.
=Nerita=, 325, =363=.
=N. peleronta=, 325, =363=.
=N. tessellata=, 325, =363=.
=N. versicolor=, 325.
=Neritidæ=, 325, =363=.
=Neritina=, 311, 325, =363=.
=N. reclivata=, 325, =364=.
=N. viridis=, 325, =364=.
Nervous system, =247=, =320=.
=Neverita=, 309, 325, =368=.
=N. duplicata=, 11, 325, =367=.
=N. recluziana=, 325, =368=.
=Nicothoë=, 239, =250=.
=Nidorella=, 204, =210=.
=N. armata=, 204, =210=.
=Nitophyllum=, 77, =85=.
=N. laceratum=, 77, =85=.
=N. punctatum=, 77, =86=.
=N. Ruprechteanum=, 77, =86=.
Noah's-ark shell, 426.
Node, 303.
Nodules, 344.
=Non-Calcarea=, 100, =104=, 106.
=Norrisia=, 312.
=Nostocaceæ=, 48.
=Nucula=, 309, 405, =422=.
=N. proxima=, 405, =422=.
=Nuculidæ=, 405, =421=.
Nudibranch, 328, 349, 353.
=Nudibranchiata=, 300, 324, =352=.
Nullipores, =31=, 147.
Nummulites, 22.
O
=Obelia=, =125=.
=O. commissuralis=, 116, =125=.
=Oceania=, =125=.
=O. languida=, 116, =125=.
=Ocinebra=, 326, =384=.
=O. circumtexta=, =385=.
=O. interfossa=, 326, =385=.
=O. lurida=, 326, =384=.
=O. poulsoni=, 326, =384=.
Octopi, 315.
=Octopoda=, 301, =464=, 468.
Octopus, 464, 468.
=Oculina=, 141, =148=.
=Ocypoda=, 11, 241, =282=.
=O. arenaria=, 241, 274, =282=.
=Ocypodidæ=, 241, =282=.
Odontophore, =303=.
=Oliva=, 10, 311, 313, 327, 334, =400=.
=O. literata=, 327, =400=.
=Olivella=, 10, 312, 327, =400=.
=O. biplicata=, 327, =400=.
=O. boetica=, 327, =401=.
=O. mutica=, 327, =400=.
=Olividæ=, 327, =400=.
=Ommastrephes=, 464, 468, =469=.
=O. illecebrosus=, 464, =469=.
Opercula, 193.
Operculum, 254, 303, =331=, 355.
=Ophiocoma=, 213, =216=.
=O. æthiops=, 213, =216=.
=O. Alexandri=, 213, =216=.
=O. riisei=, 213, =216=.
=Ophiopholis=, 213, =215=.
=O. aculeata=, 43, 213, =215=.
=Ophiothrix=, 213, =216=.
=O. angulata=, 213, =216=.
=Ophiurida=, 213, =215=.
=Ophiuroidea=, 200, 213, =214=.
=Opisthobranchiata=, 300, 324, 349, =350=.
Oral, 202.
Surface, 201.
Orbits, =243=.
=Orchestia=, 11, 43, 242, =289=.
=O. agilis=, 242, =289=.
Organ-pipe coral, =151=.
Organs of feeling, =249=.
Orifice, 190, 412.
=Oscillaria=, 48, =49=.
Osphradium, 303, =339=.
Ossicles, 201, =203=, 218.
=Ostracoda=, =238=.
=Ostrea=, 405, 410, =435=.
=O. edulis=, 435.
=O. frons=, 405, =435=.
=O. lurida=, 405, =435=.
=O. virginica=, 310, 405, =435=.
=Ostreidæ=, 405, =432=.
Otocysts, =165=, =303=.
Otter Cliffs, =43=.
=Ovalipes=, 241, =276=.
=O. ocellatus=, 241, =276=.
Ovicell, 190, =193=.
Oyster-crab, =287=.
Oyster-culture, 432.
Oysters, 321, 432.
Pearl-, 430, 431, 432.
P
Pacific faunal divisions =311=.
=Pacygrapsus=, 241, =282=.
=P. crassipes=, 241, =282=.
=Padina=, 63, =71=.
=P. pavonia=, 63, =71=.
=Paguridæ=, 240, =264=.
=Pagurus=, 240, =267=.
=P. bernhardus=, 240, =267=.
=P. longicarpus=, 240, =267=.
=P. pollicaris=, 240, =267=.
=Palæmonetes=, 240, =260=.
=P. vulgaris=, 240, =260=.
=Palæmon vulgaris=, =260=.
Pallial line, 303, 418.
Sinus, 303, 419.
Palps, =176=, 416.
Palpus, =258=.
Panamic province, =312=.
=Pandora=, 407, =463=.
=P. trilineata=, 407, =463=.
=Pandoridæ=, 407, =463=.
=Panopeus=, 12, =281=.
=Pantopoda=, 242, =296=.
=Panulirus=, 240. =263=.
=P. americanus=, =263=.
=P. argus=, 240, =263=.
=P. interruptus=, 240, =263=.
Papillaceous, 303.
Paraphyses, =72=.
Parapodia, =171=.
Parenchyma, 26.
=Parypha=, =123=.
=P. crocea=, 116, =123=.
=Peachia=, =144=.
Pearls, 430, 431.
=Pecten=, 309, 405, =435=.
=P. æquisulcatus=, 405, =438=.
=P. dislocatus=, 405, =437=.
=P. hastatus=, 405, =438=.
=P. irradians=, 405 =437=.
=P. islandicus=, 405, =436=.
=P. jacobius=, =436=.
=P. magellanicus=, 287, 405, =436=.
=P. tenuiscostatus=, 436.
=Pectinidæ=, 405, =435=.
Pedal opening, 412.
=Pedata=, 228, =231=.
=Pedicellariæ=, 201, =205=, =219=.
=Pedicellina=, 189, =198=.
=P. americana=, 189, =198=.
=Pelagia=, 133, =139=.
=P. cyanella=, 133, =139=.
Pelagic, =23=.
Flora, 38.
=Pelecypoda=, 301, 320, 321, 405, =409=, 420.
Classification of, =419=.
=Peltogaster=, 239, =256=.
Pen, 467.
=Penæus=, 240, =260=.
=P. brasiliensis=, 240, =260=.
=P. setiferus=, 240, =260=.
=Penicillus=, 51, =58=.
=P. capitatus=, 51, =58=.
=P. dumentosus=, 51, =58=.
=P. Ph[oe]nix=, 51, =58=.
=Pennaria=, =124=.
=P. gibbosa=, 116, =124=.
=P. tiarella=, 116, =124=.
=Pennatula=, =141=.
=P. aculeata=, Plate XLVII.
=P. borealis=, Plate XLVII.
=Pennatulacea=, 141, =153=.
=Pentaceros=, 204, =210=.
=P. occidentalis=, 204, =210=.
=P. reticularis=, 204, =210=.
=Pentacerotidæ=, 204, =210=.
=Pentacrinus=, 234, =235=.
=Pentacta=, 228, =232=.
=P. frondosa=, 43, 228, =232=.
=Pentagonasteridæ=, 204, =209=.
Pericardium, =341=, 416.
=Pericolpa=, 133, =136=.
=P. quadrigata=, 133, =136=.
=Peridinieæ=, 38.
=Periostracum=, =303=, 425.
Perisaltic, 172.
Perisarc, 118, =119=.
Peristome, =190=, 194, 218, =303=.
Peristomium, =176=.
Periwinkles, =371=.
=Perna=, 405, =432=.
=P. ephippium=, 405, =432=.
=Peromedusæ=, 133, =136=.
=Petricola=, 407, =452=.
=P. carditoides=, 407, =452=.
=P. pholadiformis=, 407, =452=.
=Petricolidæ=, 407, =452=.
=Petrocelis=, 78, =95=.
=P. cruenta=, 40, 78, =95=.
=Petrolisthes=, 240, =270=.
=P. armatus=, 240, =270=.
=P. sexspinosus=, 240, =270=.
=Peyssonnelia=, 78, =95=.
=P. Dubyi=, 78, =95=.
=Phæophyceæ=, 28, 61, 62.
Phanerogams, 25.
=Phanerozonia=, =204=, =208=.
=Phascolosoma=, 162, =186=.
=P. Gouldii=, 162, =186=.
=Pholadidæ=, 407, =460=.
=Pholas=, 407, =460=.
=P. californica=, 407, =461=.
=P. costata=, 407, =461=.
=P. truncata=, 407, =461=.
=Phoxichilidium=, 242, =297=.
=P. maxillare=, 242, =297=.
=Phyla=, =19=.
=Phyllitis=, 62, =66=.
=P. fascia=, 62, =66=.
=Phyllodoce=, 161, =175=.
=P. gracilis=, 161, =175=.
=Phyllodocidæ=, 161, =175=.
=Phyllolithodes=, 240, =271=.
=P. papillosus=, 240, =271=.
=Phyllonotus pomum=, =382=.
=Phyllophora=, 76, =81=.
=P. Brodiæi=, 76, =82=.
=P. membranifolia=, 76, =82=.
=Phyllopoda=, =238=.
=Phyllospora=, 63, =73=.
=P. Menziesii=, 63, =73=.
Phylum, 19.
=Phyncopodia helianthoides=, =207=.
=Physalia=, =131=.
=P. arethusa=, 117, =131=.
=Pikea=, 78, 94.
=P. californica=, 78, =94=.
Pill-bugs, =291=.
=Pinna=, 405, =431=.
=P. muricata=, 405, =431=.
=P. seminuda=, 405, =431=.
=Pinnotheres=, 241, =287=.
=P. maculatum=, =287=.
=P. ostreum=, 241, =287=.
=Pinnotheriidæ=, 241, =287=.
=Pitho=, 241, =286=.
=P. aculeata=, 241, =286=.
=Placunanomia=, 405, =425=.
=P. macrochisma=, 405, =425=.
=Planaria=, 160, =167=.
=P. grisea=, 160, =167=.
Planarians, =166=.
Planarian worms, 12.
Plankton, =21=, 23.
=Planocera=, 160, =166=.
=P. nebulosa=, 160, =166=.
=Planula=, 120, =135=.
=Platyhelminthes=, 159, 160, =164=.
=Platyonichus ocellatus=, =276=.
=Pleurobrachia=, 154, =156=.
=P. rhododactyla=, 154, =156=.
=Pleurococcus=, 26.
=P. vulgaris=, =25=.
=Plocamium=, 77, =85=.
=P. coccineum=, 77, =85=.
=Plumularia=, =127=.
=P. falcata=, 116, =127=.
Plumularians, 116, =127=.
Pluteus, 201, =220=.
Polian vessels, 201.
=Polina=, 160, =170=.
=P. glutinosa=, 160, =170=.
=Polychæta=, 161, =172=.
=Polycirrus=, 161, =182=.
=P. eximius=, 161, =182=.
=Polycladida=, 160, =165=.
=Polyides=, 78, =95=.
=P. rotundus=, 78, =95=.
=Polymastia=, 100, =106=.
=P. robusta=, 100, =106=.
=Polynices=, 12, 310, 314, 325, 335, =367=.
=P. duplicata=, 11, 325, 344, =367=.
=P. heros=, 8, 10, 44, 325, 343, =367=.
=P. lewisii=, 325, =368=.
=P. recluziana=, 325, =368=.
=P. triseriata=, 325, =367=.
=Polynoë=, 161, =174=.
=P. squamata=, 161, =174=.
=P. sublevis=, 161, =174=.
=Polyphemus=, =238=.
Polypide, 190, =192=.
=Polyplacophora=, 300, =321=.
Polyps, 111, =114=, 119.
=Polysiphonia=, 77, =87=.
=P. Baileyi=, 77, =88=.
=P. dendroidea=, 77, =87=.
=P. fastigiata=, 43, 77, =87=.
=P. fibrillosa=, 77, =88=.
=P. Harveyi=, 77, =88=.
=P. nigrescens=, 77, =87=.
=P. Olneyi=, 77, =88=.
=P. parasitica=, 77, =87=.
=P. urceolata=, 77, =88=.
=P. urceolata=, var. =formosa=, 77, =88=.
=P. variegata=, 77, =88=.
=P. violacea=, 44, 77, =88=.
=P. Woodii=, 77, =89=.
=Polyzoa=, 8, 188, =191=.
Polyzoans, 8, 12, 22.
=Pontonema=, 161, 170.
=P. marinum=, 161, =170=.
Porcelanous, =304=, 345.
=Porcellana=, 240, =269=.
=P. sayana=, 240, =269=.
=Porcellanasteridæ=, 204, =208=.
=Porcellanidæ=, 240, =269=.
Porcupine Island, =42=.
=Porifera=, 100, =101=.
=Porites=, =147=.
=P. astræaoides=, Plate XLV.
=P. furcata=, Plate XLV.
=Porocidaris=, 217, =222=.
=P. sharreri=, 217, =222=.
=Porphyra=, 43, 78, =96=.
=P. laciniata=, 78, =96=.
=P. vulgaris=, 38, 78, =96=.
=Porpita=, =132=.
=Portunidæ=, 241, =274=.
Prawns, 258, =259=.
Preserving invertebrates, =14=.
=Prionitis=, 78, 94.
=P. Andersonii=, 78, =94=.
=P. lanceolata=, 78, =94=.
Proboscis, =333=.
=Procerodes=, 160, =167=.
=P. frequens=, 160, =167=.
Propodium, =335=.
=Prosobranchiata=, 300, 324, 349, =355=.
Prostomium, =176=, 243.
=Protista=, =22=.
=Protobranchiata=, 301, 405, 420, =421=.
=Protococcaceæ=, 38.
=Protococcus nivalis=, 25, =33=.
=Protophyta=, =21=.
=Protozoa=, =21=, 101.
=Pseudolamellibranchiata=, 301, 405, 420, =429=.
=Psilaster=, 204, =209=.
=P. floræ=, 204, =209=.
=Psolus ephippiger=, =231=.
=P. fabricii=, =232=.
=Pterogorgia acerosa=, Plate XLVI.
=Pteronotus=, 326, =384=.
=P. festivus=, 326, =384=.
=Ptilota=, 78, =92=.
=P. densa=, 78, =92=.
=P. elegans=, 78, =92=.
=P. hypnoides=, 78, =92=.
=P. serrata=, 78, =92=.
=Pugettia=, 241, =285=.
=P. gracilis=, 241, =285=.
=Pulmonata=, 300, 331, 338, =349=.
=Punctaria=, 62, =65=.
=P. latifolia=, 62, =65=.
=P. plantaginea=, 62, =66=.
=P. tenuissima=, 62, =66=.
=Purpura=, 8, 9, 309, 312, 326, =386=, 387.
=P. crispata=, 326, =387=.
=P. hæmastoma=, 326, =387=.
=P. lapillus=, 41, 42, 314, 326, =386=.
=P. lima=, 326, =387=.
=P. patula=, 326, =386=.
=P. saxicola=, 326, =387=.
=Purpurinæ=, 326, =385=.
=Pycnogonida=, 242, =296=.
=Pycnogonidæ=, 9.
=Pylopagurus=, =268=.
Pyloric cæca, =208=.
=Pyrocystis noctiluca=, =33=.
=Pyrosoma=, 472.
=Pyrosomata=, 472.
=Pyrula=, 10, 326, =379=.
=P. papyratia=, 326, =379=.
R
=Radiata=, =113=.
Radiates, 20.
Radula, 304, =317=, =340=.
=Ræta=, 406, =447=.
=R. canaliculata=, 406, =447=.
=Ralfsia=, 62, =65=.
=Ralfsiaceæ=, 62, =65=.
=Rataria=, =132=.
Receptacles, =72=.
Red crab, =278=.
Red seaweeds, 76, =79=.
Red snow, =33=.
Reef-builders, =147=.
Reef-corals, 142, =146=.
=Regularia=, 217.
Reticulated, =304=.
=Rhabdoc[oe]lida=, 160, =167=.
=Rhabdonia=. 77, =83=.
=R. Coulteri=, 77, =84=.
=R. tenera=, 77, =83=.
=Rhithropanopeus=, 241.
=R. harrisii=, 241, =281=.
=Rhizocephala=, 239, =256=.
=Rhizophyllideæ=, 78, =95=.
=Rhizostomæ=, 133, =139=.
=Rhodactinia=, 141, =145=.
=R. davidsii=, 141, =145=.
=Rhodomela=, 77, =89=.
=R. floccosa=, 77, =90=.
=R. larix=, 77, =90=.
=R. Rochei=, 77, =89=.
=R. subfusca=, 77, =89=.
=Rhodomeleæ=, 77, =86=.
=Rhodophyceæ=, 28, 76, =79=.
=Rhodophyllideæ=, 77, =83=.
=Rhodophyllis=, 77, =83=.
=R. veprecula=, 77, =83=.
=Rhodospermeæ=, 79.
=Rhodymenia=, 77, =85=.
=R. palmata=, 38, 42, 43, 77, =85=.
=Rhodymeniaceæ=, 77, =84=.
=Rhodymenieæ=, 77, =85=.
Ring-canal, 201, =203=.
Rock-crab, 277, =280=.
Rockweeds, =8=.
Rocky shores, =7=.
Rodicks Weir, 44.
Root-mouth jellyfishes, =139=.
Rostrum, 243.
Roundworms, =170=.
S
=Sabella=, 162, =184=.
=S. microphthalma=, 162, =184=.
=Sabellidæ=, 162, =184=.
=Sacculina=, =239=, =256=.
=Sagartia=, 141, =145=.
=S. leucolena=, 141, =145=.
=Salpa=, 472, 474, =475=.
Sand-crab, =282=.
Sand-dollar, 11, 44, =225=.
Sandpiper, =5=.
Sandy shores, =10=.
=Sapphirina=, 239, =250=.
Sargasso Sea, =33=.
=Sargassum=, 26, 63, 64, =73=.
=S. bacciferum=, 34, 35, 63, =74=.
=S. Montagnei=, 63, =74=.
=S. vulgare=, 63, =74=.
=Sarsia=, 116, =123=.
=S. mirabilis=, =123=.
=Saxicava=, 41.
=Saxidomus=, 406, =452=.
=S. nuttallii=, 406, =452=.
=Scala=, 325, =365=.
=S. angulata=, 325, =366=.
=S. groenlandica=, 325, =366=.
=S. lineata=, 325, =366=.
=S. multistriata=, 325, =366=.
=Scalidæ=, 325, =365=.
Scallops, 12.
=Scaphopoda=, 320, 321, 327, =402=.
=Schizaster=, 217, =227=.
=S. fragilis=, 217, =227=.
=Schizopoda=, 239, =257=.
=Scinaia=, 76, =80=.
=S. furcellata=, 76, =80=.
=Scrobicularia=, 413.
Sculpture, =304=.
=Scurria=, 312.
Scuta, =254=.
=Scutellidæ=, 217, =225=.
=Scyllarus=, 258, =263=.
=Scyphozoa=, 112, 115, 133, =134=.
Sea-acorns, =254=.
Sea-anemones, 112, =142=.
Sea-blubbers, 134.
Sea-colanders, 42, =69=.
Sea-cucumbers, 43, 200, 202, =229=.
Sea-eggs, =221=.
Sea-fans, 114, 115, 142, 147, =152=.
Sea-feathers, =152=.
Sea-hares, =351=.
Sea-lilies, 200, =234=.
Sea-mats, =192=.
Sea-otters' cabbage, =35=.
Sea-peach, =476=.
Sea-pens, 142, =153=.
Sea-slugs, =349=.
Sea-spiders, 9, =296=.
Sea-squirts, =474=.
Sea-urchins, 43, 114, 200, 203, =218=, 220.
Sea-whips, 142, =152=.
=Sedentaria=, 161, =180=.
Segment, 243.
Segmented worms, =170=.
=Semostomæ=, 133, =137=.
Sense-organs, =135=.
=Sepia=, 464, 467, 468.
=Septibranchiata=, 420.
=Serpula=, 162, =185=.
=S. dianthus=, 162, =185=.
=Serpulidæ=, 162, =184=.
=Sertularia=, =126=.
=S. argentea=, 43, 116, =127=.
=S. cupressina=, 116, =127=.
=S. pumila=, 43, 116, =126=.
Sertularians, 8, 116, 120, 121, =126=.
Sessile, 121, 126.
Sheep-crab, =285=.
Sheepswool sponge, 104, =108=.
Shell--
Butterfly-, 323.
Coffee-, 379.
Conch-, 377.
Cowry-, 377.
Gasteropod, =342=.
Growth of gasteropod, 346.
Mounds, 432.
Noah's-ark, 426.
Peach-, 454.
Pelecypod, =416=, 417.
Razor-, 457.
Setting-sun, 444.
Shipworm, 462.
Shrimps, =240=, 245, 258, =259=.
=Sigaretus=, 311, 325, 334, =369=.
=S. perspectivus=, 325, =369=.
Signs on the beach, =1=.
Singing Beach, =2=.
Sinistral, 304, =345=.
Sinuate, 304.
=Sipho=, 309, 313, 327, =393=.
=S. islandicus=, =393=.
=S. pygmæus=, 327, =394=.
=S. Stimpsoni=, 327, =393=.
Siphon, 304, =330=, 334, =411=.
Anal, 412.
Branchial, 412.
Excurrent, 412.
Functional, 411.
Incurrent, 412.
=Siphonalia=, 327, =394=.
=S. kellettii=, 327, =394=.
=Siphoneæ=, 51, =56=.
Siphonoglyphs, =143=.
=Siphonophora=, 117, 120, =121=, =130=.
Siphonozoöids, =150=.
Siphuncle, 468.
=Sipunculoidea=, 162, =185=.
=Sipunculus=, 162, =185=.
=S. nudus=, 162, =185=.
Skates, 12, 44.
=Solaster=, 204, 205, =211=.
=S. decemradiata=, 204, =211=.
=S. endeca=, 204, =211=.
=Solasteridæ=, 204, =211=.
=Solen=, 407, =458=.
=S. ensis=, 3, =458=.
=S. rosaceus=, 407, =458=.
=S. sicarius=, 407, =458=.
=S. viridis=, 407, =458=.
=Solenidæ=, 407, =457=.
=Solenogastres=, 321.
=Solenomya=, 405, =423=.
=S. borealis=, 405, =423=.
=S. velum= 405, =423=.
=Solenomyidæ=, 405, =423=.
Somite, 243.
Sow-bugs, =291=.
=Spatangoidæ=, 217, =226=.
=Spatangoidea=, 217, =226=.
Species, 20.
Specific name, 28.
=Sphacelaria=, 62, =65=.
=S. cirrhosa=, 62, =65=.
=S. radicans=, 62, =65=.
=Sphacelariaceæ=, 62, =65=.
=Sphæoplea annulina=, 37.
Sphæridia, 219.
=Sphærococceæ=, 77, =84=.
=Sphæroma=, 242, =293=.
=S. destructor=, =293=.
=S. quadridentatum=, 242, =293=.
Spicules, 102.
Spider-crabs, 241, =284=.
Spines, 201, 205, 221.
=Spionidæ=, 161, =181=.
Spire, 304.
=Spirorbis=, 8, 12, 162, =185=.
=S. borealis=, 162, =185=.
=Spirula=, 464, 467, 468.
=Spirulina=, 48, =49=.
Sponges, 100, =101=.
=Spongia=, =104=.
=S. graminea=, =109=.
=Spongidæ=, 100.
=Spongillidæ=, =104=.
Spongin, =102=.
Spring-tides, =13=, 15.
=Spyridia=, 78, =92=.
=S. filamentosa=, 78, =92=.
=Squamarieæ=, 78, =95=.
Squame, 243.
Squids, 464.
=Squilla=, 241, =288=.
=S. empusa=, 241, =288=.
Starfishes, 43, 114, 200, 203, 204, =205=, 434.
Station and habits of the Mollusca, =313=.
=Stauromedusæ=, 133, =136=.
=Stelosponginæ=, 100.
=Sternogramme=, 76, =82=.
=S. interrupta=, 76, =82=.
=Sternorhynchus=, 241, =286=.
=S. sagittarius=, 241, =286=.
=Stomatopoda=, 241, =288=.
Stone-canal, 201, =203=.
Stone-crab, =280=.
Stony corals, 112, 115, =146=.
Striæ, =344=.
Strobila, =135=, 138.
=Strombidæ=, 326, =375=.
=Strombus=, 10, 311, 326, =376=.
=S. alatus=, =376=.
=S. gigas=, 326, =376=, 431.
=S. pugilis=, 326, =376=.
=Strongylocentrotus=, 217, =223=.
=S. drobachiensis=, 41, 43, 217, =223=.
=S. franciscanus=, 217, =223=.
=S. purpuratus=, 217, 221, =223=.
Structure of mollusks, =315=.
=Stylochopsis=, 160, =166=.
=S. littoralis, 160=, =166=.
=Suberites=, 100, =106=.
=S. compacta=, 100, =106=.
=Suberitidæ=, 100.
Suborders, 29.
Subumbrella, =120=.
Suckers, 201, =203=.
Sun-jellies, 134, =138=.
Suture, 304, =344=.
Swimming-bell, 120.
Swimming crabs, 241.
=Syconidæ=, 100.
=Syllidæ=, 161, =173=.
Symmetry, =328=.
=Synapta=, 228, 229, =233=.
=S. roseola=, 228, =233=.
=S. rotifera=, 228, =233=.
=S. tenuis=, 228, =233=.
=S. viviparia=, =231=.
T
Table: Classification of algæ--
Blue-green, =48=.
Brown, =62=.
Grass-green, =51=.
Red, =76=.
Classification of--
Actinozoa, =141=.
Arthropoda, =238=.
Asteroidea, =204=.
Cephalopoda, =464=.
Chordata, =472=.
Ctenophora, =154=.
Echinoidea, =217=.
Holothuroidea, =228=.
Hydrozoa, =116=.
Mollusca, =300=.
Molluscoida, =188=.
Ophiuroidea, =213=.
Pelecypoda, =409=.
Porifera, =100=.
Scyphozoa, =133=.
=Tagelus=, 310, 407, =459=.
=T. gibbus=, 407, =459=.
=Talitrus longicornis=, =289=.
=Talorchestia=, 242, =289=.
=T. longicornis=, 242, =289=.
=T. megalophthalma=, =290=.
=Taonia=, 63, =71=.
=T. atomaria=, 63, =71=.
=Tapes=, 406, =451=.
=T. laciniata=, 406, =451=.
=T. staminea=, 406, =451=.
=Tealia crassiformis=, =145=.
=Tectarius=, 311, 326, =373=.
=T. muricatus=, 326.
=T. nodulosus=, 326, =373=.
=Tectibranchiata=, 300, 324, =350=.
=Tedania=, 100, =107=.
Teeth, =304=, 417, 418.
Cardinal, 418.
Lateral, 418.
=Tellina=, 311, 406, =443=.
=T. alternata=, 406, =444=.
=T. bodegensis=, 406, =444=.
=T. radiata=, 406, 443, =444=.
=T. tenera=, 406, =444=.
=Tellinidæ=, 406, =443=.
Telson, 243, =247=.
Tentaculocysts, =135=.
=Terebellidæ=, 161, =182=.
=Teredinidæ=, 407, =462=.
=Teredo=, 407, =462=.
=T. navalis=, 13, 407, =462=.
Terga, =254=.
Terms used in describing Crustacea, =243=.
Echinoderms, =201=.
Hydroids, =118=.
Mollusks, =302=.
Polyzoa, =190=.
Testaceous, =304=.
=Tetrabranchiata=, 301, 464, =467=.
=Tetrastemma=, 160, =169=.
=T. arenicola=, 160, =169=.
=Thalassiophyllum=, =36=, 63, 70.
=Thaliacea=, 472.
Thallophytes, 25.
Thallus, 26.
=Thelepsus=, 161, =182=.
=T. cincinnatus=, 161, =182=.
Thorax, 243, =246=.
=Thracia=, 309.
=Thyone=, 228, =231=.
=T. briareus=, 228, =231=.
=Tima=, =128=.
=T. formosa=, 116, =128=.
=Tivela=, 406, 410, =450=.
=T. crassatelloides=, 406, =450=.
Toad-crab, =285=.
=Toxopneustes=, 217, =224=.
=T. variegatus=, 217, =234=.
=Trachylinæ=, 117, 120, =128=.
=Trachymedusæ=, 117, =128=.
=Trachynema=, =128=.
=T. digitale=, 117, =128=.
Transatlantic province, =309=.
=Trematoda=, =160=.
=Trichodesmium=, =33=.
=Trichotropis=, 309.
=Tricladida=, 160, =166=.
Triclads, =166=.
=Tridacna gigas=, 313, =419=.
=Triforis=, =374=.
=Tritonidea=, 327, =394=.
=T. tincta=, 327, =394=.
=Trivia=, 326, =378=.
=T. californica=, 326, =379=.
=T. pediculus=, 326, =378=.
=T. quadripunctata=, 326, =379=.
=T. solandri=, 326, =379=.
=T. spadacea=, =379=.
=Trochidae=, 325, =359=.
=Trochiscus=, 325, =362=.
=T. norrisi=, 325, =362=.
=Trophon=, 309, 326, =383=.
=T. clathratus=, 326, =383=.
Tube-feet, =203=.
=Tubicola=, 161, =172=.
Tubicolous worms, =180=.
=Tubipora=, 141, 147, =151=.
=Tubularia=, 116.
=T. Couthouyi=, 116, =123=.
=T. indivisa=, 116.
Tubularians, 116, 121, =122=.
=Tubulipora=, 188, =194=.
=T. flabellaris=, 188, =194=.
=Tunicata=, 472. =474=.
Tunicates, 474.
=Turbellaria=, 160, =165=.
Turbinate, =304=.
=Turbinellidæ=, 327, 394.
=Turbinidæ=, 325, =362=.
=Turbo=, 325, =363=.
=T. castaneus=, 325, =363=.
=T. castaneus, var. crenulatus=, 325, =363=.
Tyrian purple, 386.
U
=Uca=, 241, =282=.
=U. minax=, 241, =282=.
=U. pugilator=, 241, =282=.
=U. pugnax=, 241, =282=.
=Udotea=, 51, =58=.
=U. conglutinata=, 51, =58=.
=U. flabellata=, 51, =58=.
=Udoteaceæ=, 51, =58=.
=Ulothrix=, 51, =53=.
=Ulva=, 26, 28, 29, 51, =55=.
=U. lactuca=, 51, =55=.
=U. latissima=, 51, =55=.
=U. Linza=, =56=.
=U. rigida=, =55=.
=Ulvaceæ=, 28, 51, 52, 53, =54=.
Umbilicus, 304, =344=.
Umbo, 304, 417.
Uncini, 180.
Univalves, =306=, 307, 314.
=Urochorda=, 472, =474=.
=Urosalpinx=, 11, 326, =383=, 434.
=U. cinerea=, 314, 326, =383=.
Uses of algæ, =37=.
V
=Valoniaceæ=, 51, =56=.
Valve, =409=, 416.
Varices, 304, 344, =347=.
Vegetative reproduction, 27.
=Vellela=, =131=.
=V. limbosa=, 117, =131=.
Velum, =134=.
=Velutina=, 309.
Velvet sponge, 104.
=Veneridæ=, 406, =447=.
Venons sinuses, =247=.
Ventral surface, 201.
Ventricose, =304=.
=Venus=, 406, 410, =448=.
=V. cancellata=, 406, =449=.
=V. mercenaria=, 406, =448=.
=V. mercenaria, var. mortoni=, 406, =449=.
Venus's flower-basket, =102=.
Girdle, =157=.
=Vermes=, =163=.
=Vermetidæ=, 326, =375=.
=Vermicularia=, 326, =375=.
=V. spirata=, 326, =375=.
Vertebrates, =19=.
=Vesicularia=, 189, =198=.
=V. custata=, 189, =198=.
=V. dichotoma=, 189, =198=.
Vibracula, 190, =193=.
Visceral mass, 415.
=Voluta=, 313, 327, =398=.
=V. junonia=, 327, 398, =399=.
=Volutidæ=, 327, =398=.
Vulgar names, 29.
W
Walking crabs, =241=.
Water-vascular system, 201, 202, =206=, 231.
West Indian division, 24.
Wharves and bridges, 13.
Whelks, 44.
Whorl, 304, =343=.
Whorls, nepionic, 344.
Worms, 159, =163=.
Bristle-, 171.
Chætopod, 172.
Clam-, 176.
Flat-, 164.
Nemertean, 167, 169.
Polychæte, 172.
Polyclad, 165.
Round-, 170.
Segmented, 170.
Tubicolous, 180.
X
=Xiphosura=, 242, =294=.
=Xylotrya=, 462.
Y
Yellow sponge, 104.
=Yoldia=, 309, 405, =422=.
=Y. limatula=, 405, =422=.
=Y. sapotilla=, 405, =423=.
=Y. thraciæformis=, 405, =432=.
Z
=Zirphæa=, 407, =461=.
=Z. crispata=, 407, =461=.
=Zoantharia=, 141, =142=.
Zoarium, 190, =192=.
=Zoëa=, =248=, 263, 273.
Zo[oe]cium, 190, =192=.
=Zonaria=, 63, =70=.
=Z. lobata=, 63, =70=.
Zoöids, 118, =119=.
Zoöphytes, 113, 119.
=Zostera marina=, 12.
=Zygodactyla=, =128=.
=Z. groenlandica=, 116, =128=.
CORRIGENDA
Page 6. Second line from the bottom, for "they" read: Anemones.
41. Line 20, for "/m[oe]nas/" read: /mænas/.
43. Last line, for "they" read: animals.
44. Line 27, for "/Cyania/" read: /Cyanea/.
102. Last line, for "/flagellæte/" read: /flagellate/.
196. Line 27, for "species" read: specimens.
224. Line 16, for "/lunales/" read: /lunules/.
Plate LXXXIV, 6. For "/Glvcimeris/" read: /Glycimeris/.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE
The original text has been retained as printed, with some exceptions.
Illustrations have been moved from within paragraphs to nearby
spots between paragraphs. Page numbers from the printed 1901
edition are indicated like this: "[pg235]".
As mentioned on page 29 of the book, typography was used in a
specific way to visually distinguish various taxonomic classes.
This simple text edition will indicate text that was originally
printed with both small-caps and bold applied with "~", e.g.
"Suborder ~CHÆTANGIEÆ~". Text that originally had both italics
and bold applied is indicated herein by "^". Thus "Species ^L.
majuscula^". Text that was originally small-caps with or without
bold is all uppercase. Text that was originally italics without
bold is displayed herein with "/", thus "Genus /Griffithsia/". Text
that was originally bold without italics or small caps is indicated
with "=", thus "Class =ALGÆ=". The original variations in font-size
are not carried into this version.
Many of the biological classification schemes shown in this book were
printed with large curly brackets "{" extending several lines high.
For example, on page 18, a classification scheme was printed similar
to this:
/Rhodymeniaceæ/, {/Callithamnion/
suborder {/Griffithsia/
/Ceramieæ/ {/Ceramium/
except that the three "{" were not printed, but were replaced by
a single tall "{". This typography does not generally work well
in current electronic books. Therefore, tables or schemes of this
sort have (except on page 18) been replaced by a different format
(nested list with tables) employing rearrangement and indentation,
without curly brackets--like this:
Order /Rhodymeniaceæ/
Suborder /Ceramieæ/
Genera
/Callithamnion/
/Griffithsia/
/Ceramium/
There are rare instances when this could cause confusion. For
example, the partial paragraph that preceeds the page 18 example
shown above:
The genera of an order are then placed within a cover and labeled
in the same way, the legend then having the name of the order on
the left and the genera on the right of the bracket, thus:
refers to a bracket no longer present in this version, and "left" and
"right" are perhaps no longer meaningful.
Page 102: "flagell[oe]te Infusoria" was changed to "flagellate
Infusoria" to match the corresponding index entry.
Page 150: in "The strictures forming the lobes", changed "strictures"
to "structures".
Page 154: changed "rhododaciyla" to "rhododactyla".
Page 172: changed "perisaltic" to "peristaltic".
Page 188: in the table showing the classification of the Mulluscoida,
there are grouping words such as "Articulata", "Inarticulata", and
"Flustrina", which are not labeled as to whether they are taxonomic
"Family", or some other class. The transcriber has chosen to label
them "Set", which term is not elsewhere used in the book to denote a
formal taxonomic class. The same sort of thing is done on a few other
pages, e.g. on page 240, for the group "Free-swimming Forms".
Page 196: "Phyllopora" changed to "Phyllophora"--a guess.
Page 216 (facing), Plate LV.: "Ophiocoma [oe]thiops" changed to
"Ophiocoma æthiops".
Page 233: "rows" to "Rows", in "rows of tube-feet lie near together,".
Page 239, and perhaps elsewhere: notes such as "without gills or
thoracic legs" that were printed with the Genera, in this example
/Mysis/, have been moved into the note attached to a next higher
taxonomic class, i.e. Order Schizopoda, with added text necessary for
clarification.
Page 362: "f dation" to "foundation" in "greenish-white nacreous
f dation".
Page 486: the index entry "Pacific faunal divisions" had no page
number. The number "=311=" seems correct, and has been inserted.
Index, "Endendrium ramosum, Plate XLI." entry is removed, and "Plate
XLI" is added to entry "Eudendrium ramosum".
Index, entry "Ventricosa" changed to "Ventricose".
Corrigenda: The corrections listed therein have been applied to the
text. In addition to the listed corrections, there were two other
instances of "lunales", on pp 225 and 226, now changed to "lunules";
also "lunale" to "lunule" on p 225.
End of Project Gutenberg's The Sea-beach at Ebb-tide, by Augusta Foote Arnold