Departure from Wahoo--Pass Otaheite--Double Cape-Horn--Arrival at
Rio Janeiro--Transactions there, during a residence of nearly two
years--Voyage home--and from thence to the United States.
The ship in which I left the Sandwich islands was called the Duke of
Portland, commanded by captain Spence. She had procured a cargo of
about one hundred and fifty tons of seal oil, and eleven thousand
skins, at the island of Guadaloupe, on the coast of California, and had
put into Wahoo for the purpose of procuring refreshments.
Every thing being ready, we sailed from Hanaroora on the 4th of March,
and stood to the southward with pleasant weather.
In the beginning of April we descried the mountains of Otaheite, but
did not touch at that island.
About a week before we doubled Cape Horn, we saw two large whales, and
the boats were hoisted out in the hope of taking them, but it began to
blow so hard that the attempt proved unsuccessful.
Early in May we passed Cape Horn; the captain stood as far south as the
latitude of 60, and we never saw the land. Although the season was far
advanced we did not experience the smallest difficulty in this part of
the voyage.
A few days afterwards we made the Falkland islands; the land is of
great height, and seems perfectly barren.
Upon the 25th we saw the coast of Brazil, and next day entered the
harbour of Rio Janeiro.
Being apprehensive of a mortification in my legs, I applied for
admission into the English hospital, which is situated in a small
island that lies off the harbour. When captain Spence, who took me
thither in his boat, mentioned that I had lost my feet in the service
of the Americans, he was informed, that since that was the case, I must
apply to them to take care of me.
I then went on board an American brig, called the Lion, the captain of
which directed me to call on Mr. Baulch, the consul for that nation;
by his interest I was admitted into the Portuguese hospital, _de la
miserecorde_.
During the whole voyage I experienced the utmost attention and kindness
from the captain and crew of the Duke of Portland; and when I quitted
them they did not leave me unprovided for in a strange country; they
raised a subscription, amounting to fifty dollars, which was paid into
the hands of the Portuguese agent on my account.
I remained in the hospital ten weeks; the Portuguese surgeons, although
they could not effect a cure, afforded me considerable relief, and I
was dismissed as well as I ever expected to be.
I was now in a different situation from what I had been either at
Kodiak or the Sandwich islands; I was in a civilized country, in which
I must earn my subsistence by my own industry; but here, as well as
there, I was under the protection of Divine Providence, and in all my
misfortunes, I found friends who were disposed to assist me.
Mr. Baulch, the American consul, gave me a jar of the essence of
spruce, which I brewed into beer; and having hired a negro with a
canoe, I went about the ships, furnishing them with that, and other
small articles of refreshment.
While engaged in this employment, I went on board the ship Otter,
returning from the South Seas, under the command of Mr. Jobelin, whom
I had seen in the same vessel at the Sandwich islands. He informed me
that he had visited Wahoo a few months after my departure, and found
all my friends in good health, except Isaac Davis, who had departed
this life after a short illness.
In this manner I was not only enabled to support myself, but even to
save a little money. I afterwards hired a house at the rent of four
milreas a month, and set up a tavern and boarding house for sailors;
this undertaking not proving successful, I gave it up for a butcher’s
stall, in which I was chiefly employed in supplying the ships with
fresh meat. This business proved a very good one, and I was sanguine
in my hopes of being able to raise a small sum; but an unfortunate
circumstance took place, which damped all my hopes, and reduced me
again to a state of poverty.
In the night of the 24th July, my home was broken into, and I was
robbed of every farthing I had, as well as of all my clothes.
As the purchase of carcasses required some capital, I was under the
necessity of giving up my stall for the present. I again took myself
to my old trade of keeping a bum-boat, till I had saved as much as
enabled me to set up the stall again.
I was much assisted by the good offices of a gentleman from Edinburgh,
of the name of Lawrie, who resided in my neighbourhood; he took great
interest in my welfare, and was of essential service by recommending me
to ships, as well as by occasionally advancing a little money to enable
me to purchase a carcase.
The state of my health, however, prevented me from availing myself
of the advantages of my situation; the sores in my legs, although
relieved, had never healed, and gradually became so painful as to
affect my health, and render me unable to attend to any business.
In consequence of this, I determined to return home, in hopes of having
the cure effectually performed in my native country.
On the 5th of February, 1812, I quitted Rio Janeiro, after a stay of
twenty-two months. I came home in the brig Hazard, captain Anderson,
and arrived in the Clyde on the 21st of April, after an absence of
nearly six years.
After residing nearly four years in my native country, and having
still a desire to visit the Sandwich islands, I left Scotland, in the
American ship Independence, commanded by captain John Thomas, on the
3d of September, 1816, for New-York. We had sixty-three passengers,
and after a very tedious voyage of fifty-three days, we arrived in
good health at our port of destination. I had been led to believe
that I should find no difficulty in getting a passage to the Sandwich
islands from New-York; but after a short residence there, I did not
see any prospect of obtaining a conveyance thither. My funds growing
low, I commenced soliciting subscribers for my work. In this I met with
considerable success, and was enabled to publish an edition of one
thousand copies. But on account of the ulcers in my legs never healing,
and being apprehensive of mortification, I was deterred from proceeding
any farther. I therefore applied to the governors of the New-York city
hospital for admittance, with the intention of having my legs amputated
higher up, so that I might not be troubled with them in future. I was
accordingly admitted on the 4th of November, 1817; and on the 20th of
the same month, one of my legs was taken off a little below the knee.
The second operation was performed on the 17th of January following;
and I was enabled to leave the hospital on the 3d of April, 1818.
I still wished to return to the Sandwich islands, and having so far
recovered as to be able to walk about with considerable ease, and
the favourable appearance of my wounds indicating a thorough cure, I
therefore made application to several gentlemen in New-York, by whose
means my intentions were represented to the Prudential Committee of the
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. By their advice
I removed to the institution belonging to that body, at Cornwall,
Litchfield county, Connecticut, in order that I might there study
under the Rev. Herman Daggett, and that I might become acquainted
with several young men, in that place from the Sandwich islands; to
the end, that if ever it should please Divine Providence to permit me
to visit those islands again, I might be able to render them and the
cause of religion, all the assistance that lay in my power, and that
my influence might be exerted on the side of virtue; and, above all
things, that I might be instrumental in forwarding the introduction of
missionaries into those dark and benighted islands of the sea.
APPENDIX.
VOCABULARY
OF THE
LANGUAGE OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.
APPENDIX No. I.
A VOCABULARY
OF THE
LANGUAGE OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.
In pronouncing the words as spelt in the vocabulary, _all letters must
be sounded_, with the exceptions after mentioned.
In sounding the vowels, A has always the sound of the initial and final
letter in the word _Arabia_.
E, as in the word _eloquence_, or the final Y in _plenty_.
The double E, as in _keep_.
I, as in the word _indolence_.
O, as in the word _form_.
The double O, as in _boot_, _good_.
U, as in the word _but_.
The diphthongs Ai, as the vowel sounds in _tye_, _fly_, or the I in
_diameter_.
Ei, as in the word _height_.
Oi, as in the word _oil_.
Ow, as in the word _cow_.
All other combinations of vowels are to be sounded separately; thus,
_oe_, _you_, and _roa_, _distant_, are dissyllables.
In sounding the consonants, H is always aspirated; the letters K and T,
L and R, B and P, are frequently substituted for each other.
Thus, _kanaka_, _tanata_, people; _ooroo_, _ooloo_, bread-fruit; _boa_,
_poa_, a hog.
Where the words are separated by a comma, they are synonymous, and
either may be used; but where there is no comma, both must be used.
Example. _Taate_, _Keike tanne_, a boy.
It frequently happens that the same word is repeated twice, in which
case it is connected with a hyphen; thus _leepe-leepe_, an axe.
A
Above _Aroona_
Adze _Toe_
Afraid _Macaoo_
After me, come _Mamooraao_, _peemaio_
Afterwards _Mamoore_
Agreable _Nawee-nawee_
American, an _Tanata_, _Merikana_
Angry _Hoohoo_
Arm, the _Poheva_
Arrow _Eeoome_
Ashore _Ayooka_
At _Eia_
Avaricious _Peepere_
Aunt _Titooa waheine_
Axe _Leepe-leepe_
Apple _Oheea_
B
Back, the _Tooata_
Back, to carry on _Eoaha_
Bad _Eeno_, _heva_,
_nooe-nooe heva_
Bad man _Kanaka poopoota_
Bald _Oopoboota_
Bamboo _Ohe_
Bark _Hohore_
Battle _Emutta_
Bed _Moena_
Beard _Oome-oome_
Beat a drum, to _Erokoo_
Bee _Narro_
Bees wax _Tootai narro_
Begone _Hiere piero oe_
Behind _Temoore_
Belly _Manaoo_, _opoe_
Belch _Erooee_
Below _Deerro_
Between _Feropoo_
Bird _Mannoo_
Biscuit _Bikete_
Bitter _Ava-ava_
Black _Ere-ere_
Bladder _Toa-meeme_
Blind _Muka pa_
Block, pully _Pockaka_
Blood _Toto_
Board, or plank to swim on _Papa_
Board, on _Aroona_
Bone _Oohe_
Bonetta, a fish so called _Pehe rera_
Bottom _Okoree_
Bowl, wooden _Apoina_
Boy _Taate_, _keike
tannee_
Boy, a familiar way of speaking _Heimanne_
Bracelet of shells _Teepoo_
Bread-fruit _Ooroo-ooloo_
Break, to _Anaha_
Breast _Ooma_
Blue _Ooree-ooree_
Bring me _Peemai_
Broken _Motoo_
Brother _Keike tanee_
Brown _Aoora oora_
Bucket _Tabahoo_
Button _Opeehee_, _booboo_
Buttons, string of _Poreema_
Buy, to _Tooai_
C
Cabbage _Tabete_
Calabash _Areepo_
Calm _Maneeno_
Cannon _Poo nooee_
Canoe, single _Evaha_
Canoe, double _Makarooa_
Captain of a ship _Eree te motoo_
Care, to take _Malamma_
Carry, to _Famo_
Cat _Bobokee_
Cheerful _Warra-warra_
Cheeks _Papareena_
Chief _Eree_
Chest _Pahe_
Chicken _Moa tina_
Child _Keike_, _kumaree_
Child-bearing _Hemo te keike_
Cider _Wyoheea_
Clean _Ooama_
Cloak, or upper garment _Teaboota_, _tapa_
Cloth, also clothes _Tapa_
Cloth-plant _Eaootee_
Circumcision _Poohe_
Cock _Moa tannee_
Cockroach _Patte-patte_
Cocoa nut _Caneeo_
Cold _Anoo_
Come _Here_
Come here _Here mai_
Come with me _Peemai taroo_
Contempt, a term of _Poopoota_, _poopooka_
Conversation _Para paroo_
Cooked, or baked _Oomoaroa_
Coyness in a woman _Nonoa_
Cough, to _Ehapoo_
Country, the _Ayooca_
Country, foreign, generally applied to Britain _Caheite_
Cow _Peepe-nooe_
Crab _Pappee_
Crab, particular kinds of _Epootoo_, _pehoo_
Cray fish _Pehe oora_
Crimson _Oora-oora_
Cry, to, or weep _Taee_
Cured, it is _Oraroa_
Cut, to _Hakee-hakee_
D
Dance, to _Ehoora-hoora_
Dark _Poa rere_
Day _Poa_
Day, to _Aeea poa_
Dead _Makeroa_
Delicious _Honnoo onnoo_
Demon, or devil _Etooa heva_
Dig, to _Maiai_
Dirt _Totai_, _erepo_
Distant _Roa_, _maroa_
Dive, to _Eehopoo-poo_
Dog _Edea cao_
Dolphin _Oona_
Door _Poola_
Done, or finished _Poaroa_
Drink, to _Aeeno_
Drunk _Honnoo_
Drum _Pahoo_
Duck _Mora_
Dusk, or twilight _Hoi-hoi te poa_
Dwell, to _Enoho_
E
Earth _Ehonooa_
Ears _Pepeaoo_, _tareea_
Eat, to _Eeai_
Eels, or sea-snakes _Hoohe_
Egg _Ehooeero_
Egg, sea _Neeootai_
England _Pritane_, _Kaheite_
Englishman _Kanaka Pritane_,
_Kanaka Kaheite_
Enough _Maoona_
Enter, to _Marokonai_
Evening _Ahee-ahee_
European _Ehoorei_
Eyes _Maka_
Eyebrow _Tooa maka_
Excrement _Tootai_
F
False _Waha he_, _heva_
Fan, a _Taheina_
Fan, to _Taharee_
Father _Mokooa tanne_
Fathom _Anana_
Farewell _Aroho-oe_
Fat _Peea_
Fear _Matao_
Feathers _Hooroo_,
_hooroo manno_
Feather necklace _Araia_
Feeble _Faeera_
Feet _Wawye_
Female _Waheine_
Fetch hither _Heire mai_, _peemai_
Fin of a fish _Tirra pehe_
Fine _Eahe_
Fingers _Tereema_
Fish _Pehe_
Fish, a particular kind of _Ava_
Flying fish _Pehe orera_
Fish, to _Ehootee_
Fist _Amootoo_
Flat _Papa_
Flea _Ookoo rere_
Flower, a _Pooa mono_
Fly, to _Arere_
Fly, a _Enarra_
Forgot _Ooaro_
Fowl _Moa_
Fresh _Onoo_
Friend _Heitanne, poonarooa_
Fruit _Hooero_
G
Garment worn by the women _Paoo_
Generous _Horoa_
Girdle _Tatooa_
Girdle worn by the men _Maro_
Girl _Keike waheina_
Give, to _Mukunna_
Go _Heire_
Goat _Peepe Koa_
God _Etooa_
Good _Meitei_
Good morning _Myty kakee aka_
Good night _Myty ahee ahee_
Grandfather _Poopooa tanne_
Grandmother _Topooa waheine_
Gray _Aheena heena_
Grass _Moo_
Grass, broad leaved, of which lines and nets
are made _Oorana_
Grasshopper _Pepe rera_
Great _Nooe-nooe_
Green _Omomoo_
Gun _Poo_
H
Hair _Lavo hoo_
Handkerchief _Haneeka_
Hands _Reema_
Handsome _Meitei_
Harbour _Aeeva_, _too-too_
Hard _How_
Haste, make _Weete-weete_
Has, past time _Roa_
Hat _Paparee_
Have _Havee_
Head _Po_
He or she _Oera_
Hearing _Faro_
Heart _Ehottoo_, _teate_
Heat, or hot _Mahanna_
Heat of the sun _Mahanna ke Laoo_
Helmet _Mayoree_
Hen _Moa waheine_
Herb, used by white people for tea _Nehe_
Here _Mai_
Hermaphrodite _Mahoo_
Hide, to _Ehoona_
High _Roehee_
Hill _Parei_
Hog _Poa_, _boa_
Hold your tongue _Koore-koore oe_
Hole _Pooka_
Hook for fishing _Mattoo_
Hook, made of ivory, worn as an ornament _Palava_
Horse _Edea nooee_
House _Harree_, _eharee_
House (sleeping) _Harre_, _moe_
House (eating) _Harre eai_
How are you _Arohooe_
Hungry _Porore_
Husband _Tanne_
I
I, my, or me _Waoo_, _tawa_
Jacket _Teakete_
Interjection of grief _Aroha eenoo_
Interjection of admiration _Taa ha ha_
Iron _How_
Island _Motoo_
Itch, to _Mairo_
K
Keep _Vaihee_
Kill _Papahee_,
_matte-matte
make-roa_
King _Eree nooee_
Knife _Okee-okee_,
_kanee-kanee_
Know _Nono_, _eete_
L
Lame _O-opa_
Land _Ayooka_
Land cultivated _Aiena_
Laugh _Attaha_
Lazy _Moolawa_
Lean, not fat _Amapoo_
Legs _Wawye_
Let me see _Meene-meene_, _nanna_
Lie, to tell a _Poone-poone_
Light, not heavy _Eamma_
Lightning _Heaweetoh_
Lines _Towra_
Lips _Lehe-lehe_
Little _Pekene_, _oo ookoo_
Lizard _Moo_
Look _Meere-meere_
Looking-glass _Anee-anee_
Loss _Moomooka_
Lost _Ooreiro_
Louse _Ookoo_
M
Male _Tanee_
Man _Tanata_, _tanee_
Man that eats with women _Tanata inoa_
Many _Maoona_
Married, to be _Noho te Waheina_
Marshmallow _Etooa rere_
Mat _Ahoo_, _moena_
Melon _Ipoopeena_
Mine, my own _Maooa_, _mao_
Month _Malama_
Moon _Maheina_
Moon, new _Maheina erimai_
Moon, full _Maheina nooee_
Morrow, to _Apopo_
Morning _Aheea pa_
Mother _Makooa waheine_
Mountain _Parei_, _parei nooee_
Mouth _Waha_
Music _Heeva_
Musket _Poo_
Mustard _Totai Kumaree_
N
Nail _How_
Naked _Tatarra_
Name _Einoa_
Native of the islands _Kanaka mowree_
Nasty _Ereporepo_
Navel _Petto_
Net _Oopaka_
Night, this _Aheeapo_, _arere_
No, not _Aoaree_
Noon _Akeia_
Nose _Eehoo_
Nut, used to give light _Tootooee_
O
Oar, or paddle _Hoe_
Ocean _Tai_
Of _Te_
Old _Emotoo_, _baheeoo_
Otaheitan _Kanaka boolla-boolla_
Oven, or pit for cooking _Eomoo_
P
Painting, printing, drawing, or writing _Purra-purra_
Palm of the hand _Apooreema_
Parent _Makooa_
Pearl _Mummee_
Pearl-river _Wai mummee_
People _Kanaka_, _tanata_
Perhaps (affirmatively) _Ai pa_
---- (negatively) _Ooree pa_
Pig _Poa_
Pigeon _Eroope_
Pinch, to _Ooma_
Place of worship _Morai_
Plank _Papa_
Plantain _Maio_
Plantation _Aina_
Play, to _Ehanne_
Pleasant _Nawee-nawee_
Plenty _Aroo-aroo_, _Maoona_
Pluck, to _Hootee-hootee_
Potatoes, sweet _Oowarra_
Prayer _Poore_, _anana_
Priest _Kahoona_
Present, or gift _Makunna_
Presently _Areea_, _mamoore_
Pressing with the hand when tired _Rorome_
Prohibition _Taboo_
Puncturation _Tattoo_
Putrid _Peea-peea_
Q
Quickly _Weete-weete_
R
Rain _Eooa_
Rat _Eoree_
Red _Oora-oora_
Remember, to _No-no_
Ringworm, a disease _Enooa_
Ripe _Purra_
Ropes _Toura_
Rotten _Purra roa_
Row, to _Ehoe_
Rum _Lumma_
Rushes _Anonoho_
Russian _Tonata Lokeene_
S
Sailor _Kanaka hanna-hanna
te motoo_
Salt _Pakai_
Salute, by joining noses _Hone-hone_
Satisfied _Maoona_
Saw, a _Pahe oroo_
Scissors _Oopa_
Sea _Tai_, _wai tai_
Sea-snake _Poohe_
Sea-egg _Neeootai_
See, to _Meene-meene_
Shark _Manno_
Sheep _Peepe_
Show me _Meere-meere_
Ship _Motoo_
Shine _Peenoo-peenoo_
Shoot, to _Mackeroa_
Shore _Ayookee_
Shortly _Mamooree_
Shut _Oopa_
Sickness, or sore _Mai_, _Poonine_
Sit, to, or squat _Noho_
Sky _Heiranei_
Sleep _Moe-moe_
Small _Ete_
Soldier _Kanaka etooa_
Song _Heeva_
Spade, wooden _Maiai_
Speak, to _Nummee-nummee_
Speech, or harangue _Oraro_
Spear _Pahoo_, _pahe_
Spit, to _Too harre_
Spread, to _Hohora_
Star _Ehetoo_
Stay, wait a little _Areea_
Steal, to _Ei hooee_
Stink _Peero-peero_
Stockings _Tokeine_
Stone _Pohakoo keeva_
Stool, to lay the head on when asleep _Papa rooa_
Storm _Teeooe-teoo_
Stranger _Tanata howree_
Stop _Marrea_
Sugar-cane _To_, _ko_
Sun _Laoo_
Surf of the sea _Horoo tai_
Surgeon _Nai_
Sweet _Lea-lea_, _onno_
Swim _Eaoo_
T
Tallow _Oila_
Take, to _Laiva_, _ooleva_
Take off, to _Hemo_
Take care _Malamma_
Tall _Hoa_
Taro pudding _Poe_
Teeth _Neehoo_
Tell _Eetee_,
_nummee-nummee_
That _Mao_
The _Te_, _he_, _ke_
Thief _Tanata ihooee_
Think, to _No-no_
This _Aeia_, _Aheea_
Tongue _Alaloo_
Twins _Teetee_
Twisting, in dancing, _Amee-amee_
V
Very _Nooee-nooee_
U
Uncle _Titooa tannee_
Understand _Eetee_
Understanding _Nono_
Undress, to _Hemo tapa_
W
Warm _Mahanna_
Water _Wai_
Water (fresh) _Wai onnoo_
Water (salt) _Wai tai_
Water, to make _Meeme_
Weak _Faeera_
We _Taooa_
Wet _Purra_
What _Ehara_
What is your name _Owhyt oe einoa_
Where _Awaya_
Where have you been _Yahea oee_
White _Keeo-keeoo_
White people _Tanata howree_
Why _Tehala_
Wind _Matanee_
Wish _Mukee-mukee_
Within _Maro koo_
With me _Ta wa_
Woman _Waheine_
Woman (married) _Waheine mow_
Wont, I _Aoohee_
Wood _Tooheihe_
Work, to _Hanna-hanna_
Wounded _Tooitahe_
Wrong, you are _Waha hai_
Y
Yam _Oohee_
Yawn _Poowha_
Year _Makaheite_
Yellow _O peeta-peeta_
Yes _Ai_
You _Oe_
Your _Kow_
NUMERALS.
One _Atahee_
Two _Arooa_
Three _Akoroo_
Four _Ahaa_
Five _Areema_
Six _Ahonoo_
Seven _Aheitoo_
Eight _Awarroo_
Nine _Ivee_
Ten _Oome_
Eleven _Oome toome atahee_
Twelve _Oome toome arooa_
Thirteen _Oome toome akoroo_
Fourteen _Oome toome ahaa_
Fifteen _Oome toome areema_
Sixteen _Oome toome ahonoo_
Seventeen _Oome toome aheitoo_
Eighteen _Oome toome awarroo_
Nineteen _Oome toome ivee_
Twenty _Kanna roa_
Thirty _Kanna koroo_
Forty _Atahee kannaha_
Eighty _Arooa kannaha_
&c. &c.
1600 or 40 x 40 _Ataha manno_
3200 _Arooa manno, &c._
DIALOGUES.
Where are you going _Awaya heire oe_
I am going on board the ship _Heire waoo aroona te metoo_
I am going ashore _Heir waoo ayooka_
I wish you to go _Mukee-mukee heire waoo_
Very well, can you go with me _Meitei, heire oe tawa_
No, the captain will not let me go _Oaree pa, eree te motoo
oaree mukee-mukee waoo
heire_
There will be no work on board to-morrow _Apopo taboo, oaree
hanna-hanna aroona
te motoo_
Very well, will you go to-morrow _Meitei, heire oe apopo_
I cannot tell _Oaree pa eetee waoo_
Where is the king _Awaya te eree nooee_
He is gone on board the ship _Heire roa aroona te motoo_
Has he taken any hogs on board _Oolava poa aroona te motoo_
No; but he will take plenty when _Oaree, mamooree peemai
he goes ashore ayooka lavee nooee-nooee
te poa_
The captain wishes to purchase a great _Eree te motoo mukee-mukee
many hogs tooai nooee te poa_
The ship sails to-morrow _Apopo heire te motoo_
Where is she bound to _Heire awaya_
She is bound for England _Heire Kaheite_, or
_Heire Pritane_
Will you go ashore, and sleep at my house _Heire oe ayooka moe-moe
to hare waoo_
I will see in a little _Mamooree meene-meene waoo_
Come hither. Go on shore, and tell _Peemai oe, heire ayooka
the king that the captain wishes numme-numme te eree
to purchase a great many pearls nooee, eree te motoo
mukee tooai maoona te
mummee_
I will go soon _Mamooree heire waoo_
Mind that you remember _Malamma kow no-no_
Do you know where the king is _Eetee oe awaya te eree
nooee_
He is gone to the Morai _Ooheire marokoo te Morai_
William Stevenson, literally Lean William _Willama Amapoo_
John Young _Alhanna_
Isaac Davis _Itseeke_
John Hairbottle literally Lame John _Keone o-opa_
William Wordsworth, literally Hardbottom _Willama Okoree how_
James Stow, literally James Large Brow _Keeme Laoo Nooee_
James Beatty, literally the Block maker _Keeme Hanna Pockaka_
The Author’s name, literally Loss of
the Feet _Moomooka te Wawyee_
APPENDIX No. II.
STATEMENT
OF THE
CASE OF ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL.
BY DR. NORDGOORST,
IN THE SERVICE OF THE RUSSIAN AMERICAN COMPANY.
[Translated from the Russian.]
STATEMENT
OF THE
CASE OF ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL.
The bearer hereof, named Archibald Macbrait, has had the misfortune to
have both of his feet frostbitten in so dreadful a manner, that nothing
remained but to endeavour to save his life, as there were no hopes
whatever of preserving his feet, although every attempt was made to
that effect.
For the information of the humane and benevolent, I subjoin a short
statement of my proceedings in his case, fearless of any compunctions
of conscience; being sensible of the hard fate of this poor fellow
creature, and how much he stands in need of assistance to support his
existence.
This Englishman sailed from Kodiak in the winter time, in the ship’s
cutter, for the island of Sannack. On their passage a storm came on,
in which the boat was wrecked. The crew saved their lives on shore;
but this man had both his feet frozen, and not having stripped off his
clothes for twenty-seven days, he was not aware of the extent of his
calamity, and did not apprehend the destruction of his feet.
The overseer of the district of Karlutzki brought him to Kodiak, at
eight o’clock in the evening, to the hospital called the Chief District
College of Counsellor and Chevalier Baranoff.
In the first place, I had his feet cleaned and dried; they were both
in a state of mortification (_gangrena sicca_.) The mortified parts
having separated from the sound to the distance of a finger’s breadth,
where either amputation might take place or a cure be performed, as the
patient himself hoped. I dressed the mortified, or frostbitten parts
with oil of turpentine, and the unaffected parts with olive oil, and
continued these applications for about five days, after which I used
charcoal, gas, and other chimical applications; but as there appeared
no chance of saving his feet, I began to consider that there was no
resourse left but amputation. That the patient might not be alarmed,
I talked over the matter with him as is usual in such cases, and
endeavoured to persuade him to submit to the operation, as the only
means of effecting a cure. But at first I was not successful, and could
not get him to agree to it. I was therefore obliged to continue my
former mode of treatment. At the end of three days, however, he gave
his consent, and I fixed a time for the operations, which I performed
satisfactorily. On the third day after the operation, the wound
appeared to be in a good state, and I continued to dress it daily as it
required.
The other foot remained to undergo a similar operation. I suffered
three weeks to elapse, when it also took place. The wounds are now in a
good state, and evidently healing up.
It is not in my power to complete the cure, being obliged to return to
Russia; but I have left the directions with the assistant surgeon how
to proceed in the treatment.
The illness of Archibald Macbrait, this Englishman, commenced on the
22d of January, 1808. The first operation took place on the 15th of
March, and the second on the 15th of April. He is twenty years of age,
and well made. He was cured by Dr. Nordgoorst, actually in the service
of the Russian American Company.
This statement should support the petition of this Englishman, who may
seek an asylum in Greenwich hospital, where the unfortunate of this
kind obtain relief and comfort.
N. B. This is an accurate description of the case and treatment; but
the true christian name and surname of the patient, is Archibald
Campbell.[30]
[30] The postscript was added in Latin, at the request of the author,
when the surgeon read the case to him, Archibald Macbride being the
name he assumed when he entered the American ship. _Vide_ p. 17.
APPENDIX No. III
NOTICE OF
ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL,
AUTHOR OF THE VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD.
NOTICE OF
ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL.
[From Blackwood’s Magazine.]
Our readers cannot have forgotten the name of Archibald Campbell, the
poor Scottish seaman, whose account of his voyage round the world
was, three or four years ago, noticed at considerable length in the
Quarterly Review. This unhappy adventurer’s narrative was, in every
way, well deserving of the interest which it created at the time of
its publication. It was modest and unassuming in its manner, and, in
its matter, free to a great extent, from the many species of blunders
and inaccuracies which are commonly so abundant in the productions of
persons in the humble situation of life of Archibald Campbell. At that
time, however, its merits could not be quite so fully appreciated as
now. Although the apparent candour of the mariner was well qualified
to lend credit to all his statements, yet even his benevolent editor
abstained from expressing himself in any very decided manner respecting
their authority, and the same diffidence was, of course, shared by his
reviewer. But in the years which have now intervened, the narratives
of succeeding voyages have given perfect confirmation to all the
assertions of Campbell; and his story may, therefore, be considered as
forming an authentic link in the history of the Sandwich Islands, with
regard to which, for several years previous to his arrival there, we
had received no certain or direct intelligence.
We refer to Campbell’s book itself, and the review of it already
mentioned, for any information which our readers may require in order
to restore them to a perfect acquaintance with the early and important
incidents in his various life. At the time when his book was published,
it will be recollected, the sores upon his legs were still in a very
distressing condition, owing to the unskilful manner in which they had
been amputated below the ankle, by the Russian Surgeon, into whose
hands he fell immediately after they were frostbitten. The period of
tranquil existence which he had spent in the Sandwich islands, the
voyage homewards, and a residence of many months in his native country,
had all been found insufficient to remove the irritation of his wounds;
and he was still not only a cripple, but an acute sufferer, when he
attracted the attention of Mr. Smith, in the Clyde steam-boat. The
kindness of that excellent person soon enabled him to lay the story
of his afflictions before the public, and the success of the book was
such, as to furnish a sum far beyond the expectations of Archibald
Campbell. Had he remained in this country during the time when the
public impression was strongly in his favour, there is reason to
believe that something might probably have been done to provide the
means of comfortable retirement to one whose errors, in themselves
venial, had been so severely punished in the person of the offender,
and had furnished a lesson so capable of doing good to others. Neither
Campbell nor his friends, however, entertained, at the moment, any
expectations of such a nature, and the poor man, whose patience was
quite exhausted, resolved, as soon as he got a little money into
his hands, to seek in it the means of being once more transported to
the friendly territories of king Tamaahmaah, and his own comfortable
farm on the banks of the Wymumme. In the midst of all his distresses,
he found leisure for courtship, so he set sail with his wife, in the
autumn of 1816, for New-York, in the hope of finding a passage to
Owhyhee, on board of some of the American ships, which have, of late
years, been almost the only visitors of these islands. On the 23d of
December following, he writes as follows, to a medical gentleman in
Glasgow, who had shown him much kindness while in that city:--“I am
very sorry to inform you that we shall have no opportunity of going to
the Sandwich Islands this season, the vessels having all left Boston
for the northwest coast before our arrival, and it is very likely that
there will be no more ships going that way until they return again,
which will not be these two years; therefore I am at a loss what to do.
There is nothing at all doing here in my line, and times are much worse
here than at home, and a great many of the passengers that came out
with us have gone home again, not being able to find work of any kind.”
He then states his intention to procure, if possible, a passage to the
Brazils, where he had before been. In the meantime, however, it was
announced that some person was about to publish an American edition of
his book, which unhandsome procedure Archibald forthwith took the most
effectual method of preventing, by publishing an American edition of
it himself. Of this edition he sold 700 copies in a month, and cleared
about 300 dollars on the speculation.
His legs continued all this time to be as troublesome as ever; and
Campbell determined to give himself a chance of being a sound cripple,
by having them amputated over again above the ankle. This resolution he
carried into effect last winter with the most perfect fortitude. His
right leg was amputated on the 20th of November, 1817, and the bursting
of an artery a few hours after the operation, threw him into a brain
fever, from which he escaped with difficulty. “My whole leg,” says
he, “began from the end of the stump to be inflamed with erysipalas,
combined with phlegmatic inflammation, which, luckily for me, turned
into a suppuration. I am happy to inform you, that ever since, I have
been mending so fast, that I was able to go home all last week, and it
is only yesterday, (January 13, 1818) that I returned to have the other
leg cut; and the surgeon says I shall have a better chance of recovery,
as my habit is not so full.” The second operation was accordingly
performed in a few days after this, and his recovery was even more easy
than he had been led to expect. “As soon as I got out of the hospital,”
says he, “I made myself a pair of artificial legs, with which I already
begin to walk pretty tolerably, and am going to Albany, Baltimore, &c.
to get subscriptions for the second edition of my book.”
But during his stay in New-York, Campbell has not been an author,
publisher, and patient only. He has also been carrying on various
little species of traffic, in globe glass mirrors, plaster of Paris
casts, Scots Almanacks, &c. &c. with various, but, on the whole, not
very flattering success. As soon as he shall have sufficiently supplied
the transatlantic reading public with his voyage round the world,
Archy, who is a Jack of many trades, purposes to turn another of his
talents to a little advantage, and to make a voyage to the Clyde “to
see his friends,” in the capacity of a cook to a merchantman. He still,
however, has a hankering after his “steading” in Owhyhee; and it is
probable that ere long we shall have it in our power to inform our
readers that he has come to “his ain again.”
We might quote some farther passages from his letters to his friend
in Glasgow; but although they are all highly interesting to those who
have seen any thing of the man, we are apprehensive of trespassing too
far on the patience of the general reader. The letters are written
in a clear, distinct style, and in a very good penmanship; and his
account of the state of things in America, so far as it goes, shows
that Archibald has been in his youth no inattentive or unworthy member
of some of the “literary and commercial” clubs, so common in the west
of Scotland. The letters are all concluded in a very polite manner,
as thus:--“Be pleased, Sir, to give our best respects to your father
and sisters, and our compliments to your servant maids; meantime, we
remain, Sir, your most obedient and very humble servants,
ARCHB. & ISABELLA CAMPBELL.”
We trust our readers will pardon us for detaining them so long with
the history of this poor countryman of ours.--Those of them who have
read his book will, we are quite sure, be happy in this renewal of
their acquaintance with him; for our own parts, we hope he will, on his
arrival, forthwith publish a full account of his adventures during this
last voyage. He must now be pretty well initiated into the ways of the
booksellers, and we do not see why Mr. Campbell should not succeed as
well in his transactions with that slippery generation, as many other
authors of greater pretension.
APPENDIX, No. IV.
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
OF THE
SANDWICH ISLANDS.
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
OF THE
SANDWICH ISLANDS.
When captain Cook discovered the Sandwich islands, in 1778, Tereoboo
was king of Owhyhee; Titeree, of Moratai; and Pereoranne, of Wahoo,
and the islands to leeward. The sovereignty of Mowee was contested
by Tereoboo and Titeree; the former claimed it for his son, who had
married the daughter of the deceased king; the latter claimed it as
heir male to the former sovereign. In consequence of this dispute,
these chiefs were engaged in war at the above mentioned period; but
captain King understood, before he quitted the islands, that an
arrangement had taken place, by which Titeree retained Ranai Taharoora,
whilst Mowee was ceded to Tewarro, the son of Tereoboo. Tamaahmaah, the
present king, is known in Cook’s Voyage by the name of Maiha-Maiha,
and was present at the death of that illustrious navigator. He was the
eldest son of Kaihooa, only brother to Tereoboo, and after his son,
Tewarro, next heir to the succession.
After the departure of the Resolution and Discovery, no ships touched
at the Sandwich islands till the year 1787. During the interval that
had elapsed, considerable revolutions had taken place. Tereoboo
was dead, and his dominions shared between his sons, Tewarro and
Tamaahmaah; and Titeree had conquered the islands of Mowee and Wahoo.
The accounts of these transactions, owing to the few opportunities of
inquiry which the navigators who touched at these islands enjoyed, and
their ignorance of the language, are extremely contradictory.
By one account, Tereoboo is said to have been put to death by
Tamaahmaah; by another, that he fell in battle; and by a third, that
he died a natural death. The causes of the division of his territory
between his son and nephew are involved in equal obscurity.
The ship Iphigenia, commanded by captain Douglas, arrived at Owhyhee in
1788, being the first which touched at that island after the death of
captain Cook. There was on board of her a chief of Atooi, named Tianna,
who had the preceding year accompanied captain Meares to Canton, and
had been enriched by the kindness of his English friends, with a
valuable assortment of European articles, arms, and ammunition.
Tianna was a man of great activity and ambition, and a distinguished
warrior. These qualities, and his wealth, particularly in fire-arms,
rendered him an acquisition of much consequence to an enterprising
chief like Tamaahmaah; and he induced him to settle upon Owhyhee, by
conferring upon him high rank and extensive tracts of land.
Captain Douglas had with him a small tender, built upon the northwest
coast of America. When Tamaahmaah learned this, the idea of having
a similar one built, immediately occurred to him; and he pressed
that gentleman with so much urgency to allow him the assistance of
his carpenter, that he was obliged to give a conditional promise.
Although the promise was never fulfilled, Tamaahmaah did not abandon
the project; and soon afterwards he prevailed upon an Englishman of
the name of Boyd, who had been bred a ship-carpenter, to undertake the
construction of a vessel.
About the same time, two other Englishmen, named Young and Davis, of
whom some account is given in the work, became resident upon Owhyhee,
and with their assistance he determined to build a vessel. Fortunately
for the attainment of this object, captain Vancouver arrived, and with
the aid of his carpenters, he was enabled to accomplish his favourite
object, by the completion of his first decked vessel, the Britannia.
It ought to be mentioned, to his honour, that whilst thus anxious
to lay the foundation of a navy, he had in his possession a small
schooner, which had been seized by a chief called Tamahmotoo, and which
he had carefully preserved, in the hopes of restoring it to her owners.
In 1791 he attacked Titeree, and captured the islands of Mowee,
Morotai, and Ranai. Whilst engaged in this expedition, he received
information that his own dominions were attacked by Tewarro,[31] and he
was, in consequence, obliged to abandon his conquest and return.
[31] It is not easy to ascertain the name, or even the identity of this
chief, called by captain King Tewarro; by Vancouver Teamawheere; and by
Lisianski, Kiava.
By the energy of his operations he soon vanquished his opponent, who
was slain by Tianna, and the whole island of Owhyhee was reduced under
his dominion. In the mean time, Titeree, availing himself of his
absence, recovered the islands he had lost.
Affairs were in this situation when Vancouver arrived, in March, 1792.
He found the islands in a most wretched state, from the long wars that
had taken place; and he endeavoured, but without effect, to establish a
peace between Titeree and Tamaahmaah.
Tamaahmaah was so sensible of the advantages which would result from
a closer connexion with a civilized power, that he made a formal
surrender of the sovereignty of the island to the king of Great
Britain, with the reservation, that there should be no interference in
their religion, internal government, or domestic economy.
Soon after the departure of captain Vancouver, Titeree died, leaving
the island of Wahoo to his son Tritoboorie, and Mowee to his son
Korkoranee.
A dispute arose between Tritoboorie and his uncle Tahaio, king of
Atooi, who laid claim to Wahoo; but Tritoboorie, supported by Mr.
Brown, and the crew of the ship Butterworth, not only repelled Tahaio,
but even invaded Atooi.
Tamaahmaah, availing himself of these dissensions, invaded and
conquered Mowee, Morotai, and Ranai. Next year, 1795, he invaded Wahoo
with one detatchment of his force, leaving Tianna to follow him with
the other. Whilst waiting the arrival of that chief, he received the
unexpected intelligence that he had gone over to the enemy; while,
at the same time, an insurrection had broke out in Owhyhee, headed
by Nomataha, brother to Tianna. Instead of being overwhelmed by this
unexpected intelligence, he took the resolution of instantly attacking
his enemies. The war was decided by a sanguinary battle, fought near
the village of Whyteete, in which Tamaahmaah was completely victorious.
Young and Davis accompanied him upon this expedition, and were of
essential service to him from their knowledge of fire-arms.
Tianna lost his life in the battle, while the sons of Titeree found
refuge in Atooi. Tamaahmaah immediately returned to Owhyhee, and soon
quelled the insurrection in that island.
He remained there about a twelvemonth; but either with a view of
consolidating the conquests he had already made, or of extending them
farther, he proceeded to Laheina, in Mowee, where he resided a few
years, and afterwards removed to Wahoo, where he was during the whole
time of our author’s stay, in 1809 and 1810.
Of the history of Atooi and Onehow, the only islands in the groupe
independent of Tamaahmaah, little is known with certainty. Captain King
says, that in 1779, they were governed by the grandsons of Perioranne,
king of Wahoo. It is probable, that upon the conquest of that island by
Titeree, they were also conquered; for it appears that Tahaio, or Taio,
brother of that chief, was king of these islands when captain Vancouver
visited them in 1798. He was succeeded by his son Tamoree, or Comaree,
who was king of these islands in 1810.
APPENDIX, No. V.
NOTES.
NOTES.
_NOTE A._
The author kept a journal in the early part of the voyage; but it was
lost in the events which succeeded, and he was afterwards placed in
circumstances where it was not in his power to keep one. He has in his
possession, however, several documents which serve to ascertain many of
the dates. These are,
1st. His letters to his mother, written whenever an opportunity
presented itself, and which she preserved.
2d. A certificate from the East-India Company of the time when he
quitted their service.
3d. The statement of his case by the Russian surgeon, a translation of
which will be found in the Appendix No. II.
The other dates are given from memory, and are either such as a sailor
would naturally remember, or circumstances of so remarkable a nature
that they could not fail of fixing themselves in a memory much less
retentive than that of our author.
Whenever the editor has had it in his power to verify them by
collateral authorities, he has not failed to do so; and the result of
the inquiry has been, even where corrections were necessary, to show
the general accuracy of the narrative: For example, his written account
of the first part of the voyage is literally, “The convoy sailed from
the Motherbank on 12th May, 1806, and cleared the Channel on the
18th; was twelve weeks on our passage to the Cape of Good Hope; lay
at the Cape fourteen or fifteen days; sailed from the Cape about the
19th August, and on the 19th September made the island of St. Paul’s;
arrived at Pulo Penang about the middle of October, and sailed on the
24th November; left Admiral Trowbridge’s flag-ship, the Blenheim;
arrived at China the eighteenth January, 1807.”
He added, that the convoy left the Cape upon a Friday, and on the three
following Saturdays they had each day a gale of wind; that on the third
of these Saturdays they passed St. Paul’s.
Some difficulties arose, however; for, upon consulting the Almanack,
the editor found that the 19th August, 1806, was not a Friday, but
a Tuesday. Upon asking the reason of his fixing on these particular
dates, he showed a letter to his mother, dated Portsmouth, 11th May,
saying, the fleet was to sail next day; from whence he concluded the
convoy sailed on the 12th; and counting twelve weeks, would fix their
arrival at the Cape on Monday, the 4th of August; and fifteen days
would make Tuesday, the 19th, as the day they left.
Upon consulting the newspapers of the time, it appears that the fleet
did not sail till the 14th of May, and arrived at the Cape on the
7th of August, being just twelve weeks and one day; and fifteen days
more fixes the day of sailing on Friday, the 22d. The editor has not
discovered whether the other dates in this part of the voyage are
correct to a day; but the author says, that the loading of the ships
was stopped about six weeks after their arrival, in consequence of
the dispute with the Chinese. Counting six weeks after the 18th of
January, would fix it about the 1st of March. By the accounts from
Canton, in Note B, it appears that this actually took place upon the
4th; which renders it probable that the date is correct, or at least
pretty nearly so.
In addition to these original documents, the editor has in his
possession a number of accounts, in the author’s hand, of particular
parts of the voyage, and the printed account of his adventures, _in
metre_, referred to in the preface.
Immediately after his return, in 1812, a gentleman in Paisley undertook
to get an account of his adventures published, provided he drew it up
himself. He accordingly made some preparations; but the death of the
gentleman prevented the publication.
The Vocabulary was written by the author as he recollected the words,
and transmitted to the editor, who arranged them, and afterwards read
them over to him, correcting the spelling from his pronunciation,
according to the rules which are prefixed to it.
_NOTE B, p. 17._
DISPUTE WITH THE CHINESE AT CANTON, IN 1807.
_Extract from the Morning Chronicle, 26th August, 1807._
“_Canton, March 4._--The English Company are involved in considerable
trouble, in consequence of some one of the crew of their ship Neptune
having killed a Chinese, for whose life this government have required
one of the crew to be delivered up, which had been positively refused.
This refusal has produced the stoppage of all the chops for that ship;
and Mouqua, (second of the Hong,) by whom she is secured, has been
with the linguist for the ship, carried in chains inside of the city.
I have conversed with Cheongqua and Conseequa, who have assured me no
inconvenience will attend the Americans; but they assert positively a
man must be given up.
“The sailors have behaved most infamously: They hauled down and danced
on the Spanish flag, and then destroyed it. Their captain apologized,
and next day compelled them to hoist a new one. Some few of the
scoundrels showed a disposition to pull down the American colours;
and a part of them were in the act of lowering the Swedish, but were
prevented. They have burnt one of the mandarin’s houses in front of the
factories. This shameful conduct has induced the Chinese to determine,
that no more sailors shall be permitted to come up on liberty. It is
generally thought the English business, except the country, will all
be stopped in a day or two. The English including the Lion man of
war, at Bocca Tigris, amount to 1600 men. A few days will decide the
unfortunate business.”
“_March 6._--We are every hour afraid of a rupture between the English
and Chinese, in consequence of the death of a Chinese, from the
accidental stroke of a club by an English sailor.
“The Chinese demanded an Englishman to die, conformable to the laws
of their country; and the English have refused, being unable to find
out the person who gave the blow. In consequence, the viceroy of
this province gave orders yesterday to stop their trade; and in all
probability the next step will be to intercept their supplies, and
seize on some person of the factory; a circumstance which must produce
the most serious consequences.
“I understand the English have no objection to give up a man, provided
they could find out the guilty person; and surely they cannot be blamed
for spurning the idea of making an innocent man suffer. God only knows
how it will end. They are allowed three days more to decide; and if
they do not comply, it is thought the Chinese will endeavour to compel
them. Should they be foolish enough to attempt the latter plan, I think
they will get a sound drubbing, as the English have now a force at
Wampooa and Bocca Tigris of 2000 able-bodied men, all eager for attack.”
MORNING CHRONICLE, DECEMBER 4.
_Extract of a letter from a gentleman lately resident in China, dated
Canton, April 18._
“The affair between the English Company and the Chinese is at length
adjusted. After many meetings, chin chinnings, &c. &c. the Chinese
government ordered up for trial the fifty-two sailors belonging to
the Neptune, that were on liberty when the fray happened. This order
was complied with on the part of the Company; and about the 25th of
March the sailors arrived in Canton, under the protection of a company
of marines from the Lion ship of war. After they had reached Canton,
the mandarins intimated that they must be taken into the city for
examination. This was resolutely opposed; and it was finally agreed,
that the trial should be held in the Company’s old factory, the lower
part of which was accordingly fitted up in great style, with yellow
and crimson silk carpets, cushions, tables, chairs, &c. &c. the whole
intended to represent the emperor’s court. The business now appeared
favourable, but was soon shaded by another serious occurrence. The
mandarin who was to sit in awful judgment, required that the chief
of the Company, the captain of the Lion, and the commodore of the
Company’s ships, should not be permitted to sit in his presence
during the trial. This was not acceded to, and threats were uttered
on the part of the British. The mandarin was equally obstinate, and
the business assumed a very serious aspect. As the mandarin could not
come himself, or send one of high order, he sent one who was willing
that the British should sit at their ease in good elbow chairs. Thus
arranged, about the 6th instant the trial commenced; and of fifty-two
sailors, eleven were selected as the most guilty, and laid over for
farther proof. On the 9th, the eleven were again brought up for trial,
and two were selected as the guilty persons, who were again laid over
for farther investigation. On the 11th, the two were again brought
forward, and one of them adjudged guilty, and ordered to be kept in
possession of the Company, till the pleasure of the emperor should
be known. The British ships are now loading, and will sail in about
a fortnight. What fate awaits the sailor retained is uncertain; but
it is probable that the mandarins would rather touch a few of the
security merchants’ dollars, and keep the affair from the emperor,
than retaliate the outrage against their countrymen. In this case, not
less than one hundred thousand dollars will be necessary to patch up
the affair.”
In the appendix to Sir George Staunton’s account of the Penal Code of
China, there is a detailed statement of the proceedings of the Chinese
court in this case. The editor has had no opportunity of seeing the
work; but the following abstract, taken from the Quarterly Review, Vol.
III. p. 315, will show how the cause terminated.
“The British factory was fitted up as a court of justice; the great
officers of state, and the judges attended; and the result was, the
singling out of eleven men, as having been the most active in the
affray. On a re-examination of these men, they endeavoured to prevail
on some one to plead guilty, under an implied promise that he should
not be punished. This failing, it was suggested that the affair might
be got over, if the officers of the Neptune would depose that they
had seen a sailor carrying a bamboo stick over his shoulder, against
which, in the hurry and confusion, a Chinese had accidentally run his
head. The proposal of so ridiculous and pitiful expedient met with
the contempt it deserved. The next suggestion was, that some one of
the sailors should be prevailed on to state, that finding an attempt
made on his pocket, he had struck behind him, and might thus have
wounded the deceased. This expedient meeting with no better success,
they proceeded in their examination, and dismissed all except two,
Julius Cæsar, and Edward Sheen. It appeared that Julius Cæsar had a
small cane in his hand on the day of the riot, but was not outside of
the factory; and that Edward Sheen was outside of the factory, but
did not carry a stick; he confessed, however, that he had a Chinese
tobacco pipe in his hand, the tube of which was of bamboo, the court,
therefore, decided that he carried a stick, and, consequently, that
he was the culprit. Having got thus far over the ground, a long
negotiation took place as to the disposal of Edward Sheen, until the
final decision of the case should be received from Pekin; and it
was at length agreed that he should be left behind in charge of the
supercargoes.
“Having thus briefly stated the leading facts, we shall now see in
what manner the case was represented to the supreme court at Pekin,
and its decision thereupon. It is contained at full length in No. II.
of the appendix, p. 521.
“The viceroy of Canton states, for the information of the supreme
court, that Edward Sheen, an Englishman, being in the upper story
of a warehouse which overlooked the street, and in which there was
a window opening with wooden shutters, did, on the 18th day of the
first moon, employ a wooden stick, in an oblique direction, to keep
open the shutter; and that, in doing this, the wooden stick slipped
and fell downwards; that Leao-a-teng, a Chinese, passing at the
moment, was struck and wounded by the falling of the said stick upon
his left temple, and that on the evening of the following day he died
in consequence of the wound. That repeated orders had been given to
the chief of the English factory to deliver up the man to justice;
that, in reply, it was alleged the said criminal was sick of an ague
and fever, and under medical treatment; that on his recovery, he was
confronted with the relations of the deceased; that after repeated
examinations, the said criminal, Edward Sheen, had acknowledged the
truth of all the facts here stated, without reservation; that he had,
consequently, been proved guilty of accidental homicide, and ought,
therefore, to be sentenced to pay the usual fine, to redeem himself
from the punishment of death by strangulation.
“Upon this report the supreme court observes, that the case appears
to be one of those acts, of the consequences of which, neither sight,
hearing, or reflection, could have given a previous warning; that the
said Edward Sheen should, therefore, be allowed to redeem himself
from the punishment of death by strangulation, by the payment of a
fine (amounting to about 4_l._ 3s. sterling) to the relations of the
deceased, to defray the expenses of the burial, and then be dismissed
to be governed in an orderly manner in his own country.”
It appears that the bribe necessary to procure acquiescence of the
parties interested, to this mockery of justice, did not cost the
security merchants less than £50,000.
* * * * *
Transcriber's Note
The text includes archaic and inconsistent punctuation and spellings,
which have been left as printed except as follows.
The following apparent errors have been corrected:
p. 2 "os learning" changed to "of learning"
p. 3 "5819" changed to "1819"
p. 3 "_Treasurer Benevolent Lodge_" changed to "_Treasurer Benevolent
Lodge_."
p. 3 "Jun. P. M" changed to "Jun. P. M."
p. 3 "_St. John’s No. 9, late No. 6_" changed to "_St. John’s No. 9,
late No. 6_."
p. 3 "_Phœnix Lodge No. 40, late No. 11_" changed to "_Phœnix Lodge No.
40, late No. 11_."
p. 3 "WEBSTER, W M." changed to "WEBSTER, W. M."
p. 3 "_St. John’s, No. 9, late No 6_." changed to "_St. John’s, No. 9,
late No. 6_."
p. 5 "by the long boat" changed to "by the long-boat"
p. 8 "No. I" changed to "No. I."
p. 12 (note) "Ocean." changed to "Ocean.”"
p. 14 "another hand" changed to "another hand."
p. 16 "15 days," changed to "15 days."
p. 26 "written" changed to "written."
p. 29 (note) "page 29" changed to "page 29."
p. 84 (note) "ts was" changed to "it was"
p. 84 (note) "America." changed to "America.”"
p. 84 (note) "p. 317" changed to "p. 317."
p. 86 (note) "mountan" changed to "mountain"
p. 87 (note) "height of of" changed to "height of"
p. 100 (note) "treadles" changed to "treadles."
p. 111 (note) "Ii was" changed to "It was"
p. 111 (note) "_Vidc_" changed to "_Vide_"
p. 114 "isle" changed to "ilse"
p. 131 "separte" changed to "separate"
p. 171 "Country the" changed to "Country, the"
p. 172 "Cry to," changed to "Cry, to,"
p. 173 "Pat" changed to "Fat"
p. 178 "Maried" changed to "Married"
p. 185 "Ome toome akoroo" changed to "Oome toome akoroo"
p. 203 "pretension" changed to "pretension."
p. 215 "adition" changed to "addition"
p. 216 "scroundrels" changed to "scoundrels"
p. 219 "behind," changed to "behind"
p. 219 "Sheen" changed to "Sheen."
The following possible errors have been left as printed:
p. 18 stampted
p. 20 deemded
p. 116 acqueducts
p. 134 the whole is closed
p. 192 resourse
p. 208 detatchment