_Of the Urinary Organs and Genital Parts._
The _kidnies_, the _ureters_, the _bladder_, and the _urethra_, are the
principal urinary organs. The kidnies receive two arteries called the
_emulgent arteries_, from the great arterial trunk, called _aorta_,
before described; they each send also two veins back again, accompanying
the arteries to the _vena cava_. Whilst the blood is circulated in the
kidnies, the urine is secreted in many small quantities, and carried
from each kidney by a tendinous tube, the bigness generally of a small
goose quill, called the _ureter_ to the bladder. The _ureters_ enter the
bladder between its _lamillas_, so as not to admit of a return. Hence, a
bladder in its natural position is both wind and water tight, and if
reversed, is neither.
The bladder of urine is of a tendinous and nervous texture, and capable
of great extension, but at the same time exquisitely sensible. The neck
of the bladder is very muscular, and by this forms a _sphincter_, or
annular muscle, by which the urine is retained; and as it is of a very
sensible nature, this part is subject to inflammatory constrictions;
great pain, and many evils have there been occasioned, either from
venereal cases, or gravelous complaints.
From the neck of the bladder to the end of the _penis_, is the
_urethra_; which canal serves for the emission of the urine, as well as
that of the seed.
The whole is lined with a number of very little glans, to lubricate and
protect the sensitive lining from the sharpness of the urine.
These are the urinary organs. We will in the next place, proceed to the
organs of generation.
The _testicles_ are the principal instruments for forming the human
seed; they are generally two in number. The testicles receive the blood,
of which they secrete the seed, from the _aorta_, about the same parts,
whence the emulgent arteries project. These arteries run down from the
aorta to the testicles, in a very contorted and winding manner,
accompanied by the veins which return back again from the testicles, and
fix themselves in the ascending _vena cava_. These contorted and
interwoven vessels are called the _spermatic vessels_, which carry the
blood from the arteries in little quantities, and slowly return it again
into the great vein.
Whilst the blood is circulated in the testicles, the seed is secreted in
them; but as it is secreted, it is transported back again from thence by
tubes, called _vasa deferentia_, towards the neck of the bladder, where
there are two irregular bladder-like vessels, wherein the seed is
contained, and kept for use, called the _vesiculæ seminales_.
In these seed bladders the seed is kept for use, till it is wanted. They
are remarkably delicate and nervous; and when they are filled with seed,
they stimulate all the organs of generation with a desire for venery.
The _penis_, or the manly member of generation, is partly covered with
the common skin; the foremost part of which, that covers the glans, is
called the _præpuce_. This _præpuce_ is tied underneath to the substance
of the _penis_, by what is called the _frænum_.
The inner part of the penis is composed of two kinds of bodies, the
_cavernous bodies_ of the _penis_, and the _cavernous body_ of the
_urethra_. The first are bodies enveloped in their peculiar teguments,
and make the greatest part of the _penis_. Each of these bodies takes
its origin from the erecting muscle of the _penis_, which is near the
_pubis_; through each of them goes an artery and a nerve, which spread
themselves through these bodies.
These bodies are full of cavities, which have all a communication with
one another. The cavernous body of the _urethra_ continues from the
_bulb_, near the neck of the bladder all along to the end of the
_penis_, and includes the _glans_, or the nut of the yard; and is much
of the same substance with the former. At the back of the _penis_, goes
along the large vein, called the _vena penis_, which spreads itself all
along into numberless branches that connect themselves with the
ramifications of the arteries throughout all the cavernous bodies; and
from thence is caused the erection, as I shall presently describe. The
_glans_, or the nut of the yard, is remarkably delicate and sensible, as
being the seat of pleasure in coition; it is also of a cellular
substance, and in one continuation with the cavernous body of the
urethra.
Its sensation is greatly heightened by the _frænum_ being tied
underneath, from the _præpuce_ to that part which keeps it, as it were,
in an agreeable constriction when erect.
The penis is allowed two pair, and a single muscle. The first pair is
the _erectores_, which take their origin from the fleshy protuberances
of the _ischium_, and lose themselves in the cavernous body of the
penis. The second pair of muscles is the _transversales_; these take
their rise near the forementioned, and fasten themselves at the root of
the penis. The fifth is the _accelerator_, or the odd muscle; this
muscle takes its commencement from the cavernous body of the _urethra_,
and grasps the whole penis, and adheres to the _sphincter_ of the anus;
the muscles aid and assist each other in the erection of the penis,
which happens in the following manner:
At the influx of the animal spirits, the _vena penis_, or the great vein
in the penis is somewhat contracted, whence the blood is forced into the
cavernous bodies of the penis and that of the urethra, as the reflux of
the circulating blood from the arteries is hindered; hence, the cellulæ
of the cavernous bodies are obliged to swell up and distend all the
parts, and thus make the penis turgid and erect; when the penis is
further titillated by the friction of coition, the parts become
generally irritated to an agreeable constriction, whereby the seed
rushes from the seed-bladders into the urethra, and is thus forcibly
ejected in the time of ejaculation; then the whole fabric slackens, the
constriction of the great vein relaxes, the blood regains its free
circulation, and the penis becomes slack again.
These are the faint out-lines of the genital parts; but to have a full
description and comprehension of the peculiar properties of the genitals
of both sexes, and also the sacred act of generation, I recommend to a
serious perusal of the anatomical and physiological description of the
genital parts of both sexes, in my _Treatise on the Venereal Disease_,
where they will find a full and satisfactory account.
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