_Statehood Period._
William C. C. Claiborne, Democratic Republican 1812-1816
Jacques Villeré, Democratic Republican 1816-1820
Thomas B. Robertson, Democratic Republican
(resigned) 1820-1822
Henry S. Thibodaux, Democratic Republican
(acting) 1822-1824
Henry S. Johnson, Democratic Republican 1824-1828
Pierre Derbigny, Democratic Republican (died
in office) 1828-1829
Armand Beauvais and Jacques Dupré (acting) 1829-1831
André B. Roman, Whig 1831-1835
Edward D. White, Whig 1835-1839
André B. Roman, Whig 1839-1843
Alfred Mouton, Whig 1843-1846
Isaac Johnson, Democrat 1846-1850
Joseph Walker, Democrat 1850-1853
Paul O. Hébert, Democrat 1853-1856
Robert C. Wickliffe, Democrat 1856-1860
Thomas O. Moore, Democrat 1860-1862
George F. Shepley, Military Governor 1862-1864
Henry W. Allen, Confederate 1864-1865
Michael Hahn, Unionist and Military 1864-1865
James M. Wells, Democrat (acting) 1865-1867
Benjamin F. Flanders, Military 1867
Joshua Baker, Military 1867-1868
Henry C. Warmoth, Republican 1868-1873
Pinckney B. S. Pinchback, Republican (acting) 1873
John McEnery,[10] Democrat-Liberal Republican 1873
William P. Kellogg, Radical Republican 1873-1877
Stephen B. Packard,[11] Radical Republican
(contestant) 1877
Francis T. Nicholls, Democrat 1877-1880
Louis A. Wiltz, Democrat (died in office) 1880-1881
Samuel D. McEnery, Democrat (Lieutenant-Governor,
succeeded) 1881-1884
Samuel D. McEnery, Democrat 1884-1888
Francis T. Nicholls, Democrat 1888-1892
Murphy J. Foster, Democrat 1892-1900
William W. Heard, Democrat 1900-1904
Newton C. Blanchard, Democrat 1904-1908
Jared Y. Sanders,[12] Democrat 1908
BIBLIOGRAPHY.--Compare the bibliography under NEW ORLEANS and consult
also the following. For general description: _The Geology and
Agriculture of Louisiana_ (Baton Rouge, Agric. Exper. Station, pts.
1-6, 1892-1902); also publications of U.S. Geological Survey, _e.g.
Water Supply and Irrigation Papers_, No. 101, "Underground Waters of
Southern Louisiana." For fauna and flora: publications of U.S.
Biological Survey (Department of Agriculture, Bibliographies). For
climate: U.S. Department of Agriculture, _Climate and Crop Service_,
Louisiana series (monthly). For soil and agriculture: the above state
geological report and material on irrigation in publications of the
U.S. Geological Survey and in the U.S. Census publications; also
Commissioners of Agriculture of the State of Louisiana, _Annual
Report_ (Baton Rouge, biennial until 1899); State Agricultural
Society, _Proceedings_ (annual); Louisiana State University and
Agricultural and Mechanical College, _Bulletin of the Agricultural
Experiment Station_ and _Biennial Report_ of same (Baton Rouge); U.S.
Department of Agriculture, various publications of the divisions of
botany, agrostology, pomology, forestry, farmers' bulletins, &c. For
manufactures and other industries: primarily the publications of the
national Census, 1900, and preceding decades. For commerce and
communications: Railroad Commissioners of Louisiana, _Annual Report_
(New Orleans, 1900 ff.); U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission,
_Statistics of Railways_ (annual, Washington); on river navigation and
river improvements, especially of the Mississippi, an enormous mass of
material in the _Annual Reports_ of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army
(consult _Index to Reports_ of same, 1866-1900, 3 vols., Washington,
1902, and cp. article on MISSISSIPPI RIVER); on river commerce see
_U.S. Census of 1880_, vol. 4 (report on steam navigation of the
United States by T. C. Purdy), and _Census of 1890_ (report on
transportation by T. J. Vivian; Rivers of the Mississippi Valley). For
population: various national censuses and _Bulletins_ of the Bureau of
Census, 1900, e.g. No. 8, "Negroes in the United States"; on the
Acadians, _In Acadia, The Acadians in Song and Story_ (New Orleans,
1893; compiled by M. A. Johnston). For pictures of Creole life and
traits, George W. Cable, _The Creoles of Louisiana_ (New York, 1884),
and his later writings; but Mr Cable's views of the Creoles are very
unpopular in Louisiana; for other views of them, and for a guide to
the English and Creole literature of Louisiana, consult Alcée Fortier,
_Louisiana Studies--Literature, Customs and Dialects, History and
Education_ (New Orleans, 1894). For administration: see reports of the
various executive officers of the state (Baton Rouge); the various
constitutions are printed in the report of the Secretary of State, as
well as in B. Perley Poore's _Constitutions_ (2 vols., Washington,
1877); a special account of the government of the territorial period
may be found in D. Y. Thomas, _History of Military Government in Newly
Acquired Territory of the United States_ (Columbia University Studies
in History, Economics and Public Law, vol. xx. No. 2, 1904); for the
Civil War and Reconstruction period compare below, also American
Historical Association, _Annual Report_, 1892; (for courts during
Civil War); also John R. Ficklen, _History and Civil Government of
Louisiana_ (Chicago, New York, c. 1899), a brief and popular account;
on education, in addition to the Biennial Reports of the Board of
Education, consult annual reports of the U.S. Commissioner of
Education.
For history: the standard work is that of Charles E. A. Gayarré,
coming down to the war, based on deep and scholarly research, and
greatly altered in successive editions. The style is that of the
classic school, that of Prescott and Motley, full of colour,
characterization and spirit. The editions are as follows: _Romance of
the History of Louisiana_ (New York, 1837, 1848); _Histoire de la
Louisiane_ (2 vols., Nouvelle Orléans, 1846-1847); _Louisiana: its
Colonial History and Romance_ (N.Y., 1851); _Louisiana: its History as
a French Colony_, Third Series of Lectures (N.Y., 1852); then, based
upon the preceding, _History of Louisiana: The French Domination_ (2
vols., N.Y., 1854) and _The Spanish Domination_ (N.Y., 1854); _The
American Domination_ (N.Y., 1867); and third edition (4 vols., New
Orleans, 1885). More important for the recent period is Alcée Fortier;
_A History of Louisiana_ (N.Y., 4 vols., 1904) devoting two volumes to
American domination. The _History and General Description of New
France_ of P. F. X. de Charlevoix (best ed. by J. G. Shea, New York,
1866, 6 vols.) is a famous old work, but now negligible. Judge F. X.
Martin's _History of Louisiana_ (2 vols., New Orleans, 1827-1829,
later ed. by J. F. Condon, continued to 1861, New Orleans, 1882) is
also valuable and supplements Gayarré. Le Page du Pratz, author of
_Histoire de la Louisiane_ (3 vols., Paris, 1758; 2 vols., London,
1763), was the first historian of Louisiana. Berquin-Duvallon, _Vue de
la colonie espagnole du Mississippi_ (Paris, 1805; published in
English under the name of John Davis, New York, 1806); L. N. Baudry de
Lozières, _Voyage à la Louisiane_ (Paris, 1802) and _Second Voyage à
la Louisiane_ (Paris, 1803) may be mentioned among the travels just
preceding, and A. Stoddard, _Sketches of Louisiana_ (New York, 1811),
among those just following the establishment of American dominion. The
_Histoire de la Louisiane, et de la cession de colonie par la France
aux États-Unis_ (Paris, 1829; in English, Philadelphia, 1830) by
Barbé-Marbois has great importance in diplomatic history. The rarest
and most valuable of early memoirs and much archive material are
embodied in Benj. F. French's _Historical Collections of Louisiana_ (5
series, N.Y., 1846-1853) and _Historical Collections of Louisiana and
Florida_, New Series (N.Y., 1869, 1875). Documentary materials on the
greater "Louisiana" between the Gulf of Mexico and Canada will be
found in the _Jesuit Relations_, edited by R. G. Thwaites (Cleveland,
1896 ff.); and on early voyages in Pierre Margry, _Découvertes et
établissements des Français_ (6 vols., Paris, 1879-1888). John G. Shea
published an edition of Louis Hennepin's _Description of Louisiana ...
Translated from the Edition of 1683_, &c. (New York, 1880). On this
greater "Louisiana" the student should also, consult the works of
Francis Parkman. And see publications of the Louisiana Historical
Society (New Orleans). Of brief general histories there is that of J.
R. Ficklen above cited, another by the same author in collaboration
with Grace King (New Orleans, 1902) and another (more valuable) by
Albert Phelps (Boston, 1905), in the American Commonwealth Series. For
the Reconstruction period see bibliography under UNITED STATES.