LORD CHAMBERLAIN LÖWE, JOHANN KARL GOTTFRIED
LORD CHIEF JUSTICE LOWELL, ABBOTT LAWRENCE
LORD GREAT CHAMBERLAIN LOWELL, CHARLES RUSSELL
LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR LOWELL, JAMES RUSSELL
LORD HIGH CONSTABLE LOWELL, JOHN
LORD HIGH STEWARD LOWELL (Massachusetts, U.S.A.)
LORD HIGH TREASURER LOWELL INSTITUTE
LORD HOWE LÖWENBERG
LORD JUSTICE CLERK LÖWENSTEIN
LORD JUSTICE-GENERAL LOWESTOFT
LORD KEEPER OF THE GREAT SEAL LOWIN, JOHN
LORD MAYOR'S DAY LOWLAND
LORD PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL LOWNDES, THOMAS
LORDS JUSTICES OF APPEAL LOWNDES, WILLIAM THOMAS
LORDS OF APPEAL IN ORDINARY LOW SUNDAY
LORD STEWARD LOWTH, ROBERT
LORÉ, AMBROISE DE LOXODROME
LORE LOYALISTS or TORIES
LORELEI LOYALTY
LORETO (Italy) LOYALTY ISLANDS
LORETO (Peru) LOYOLA, ST IGNATIUS OF
LORIENT LOZENGE
LORINER LOZÈRE
LORIS LUANG-PRABANG
LORIS-MELIKOV, TARIELOVICH LUBAO
LORIUM LÜBBEN
LÖRRACH LÜBECK
LORRAINE LUBLIN (government of Poland)
LORTZING, GUSTAV ALBERT LUBLIN (town of Poland)
LORY, CHARLES LUBRICANTS
LORY LUBRICATION
LOS ANDES LUCAN
LOS ANGELES LUCANIA
LOS ISLANDS LUCARIS, CYRILLUS
LOSSIEMOUTH LUCARNE
LOSSING, BENSON JOHN LUCAS, SIR CHARLES
LÖSSNITZ LUCAS, CHARLES
LOST PROPERTY LUCAS, JOHN SEYMOUR
LOSTWITHIEL LUCAS VAN LEYDEN
LOT (Biblical) LUCCA
LOT (Franch river) LUCCA, BAGNI DI
LOT (Franch department) LUCCEIUS, LUCIUS
LOT-ET-GARONNE LUCCHESINI, GIROLAMO
LOTHAIR I. LUCENA (southern Spain)
LOTHAIR II. or III. LUCERA (Italy)
LOTHAIR (king of France) LUCERNE (Swiss canton)
LOTHAIR (king of Lotharingia) LUCERNE (Swiss town)
LOTHIAN, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF LUCERNE, LAKE OF
LOTHIAN LUCERNE (plant)
LOTI, PIERRE LUCHAIRE, DENIS JEAN ACHILLE
LÖTSCHEN PASS LUCHU ARCHIPELAGO
LOTTERIES LUCIA (or Lucy), ST
LOTTI, ANTONIO LUCIAN (Christian martyr)
LOTTO, LORENZO LUCIAN (Greek satirist)
LOTTO LUCIFER (bishop of Cagliari)
LOTUS LUCIFER (planet)
LOTUS-EATERS LUCILIUS, GAIUS
LOTZE, RUDOLF HERMANN LUCILIUS JUNIOR
LOUBET, ÉMILE FRANÇOIS LUCINA
LOUDON, ERNST GIDEON LUCIUS
LOUDOUN, JOHN CAMPBELL LUCK
LOUDUN LÜCKE, GOTTFRIED CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH
LOUGHBOROUGH LUCKENWALDE
LOUGHREA LUCKNOW
LOUGHTON LUÇON
LOUHANS LUCRE
LOUIS (name) LUCRETIA
LOUIS I. (Roman emperor) LUCRETILIS MONS
LOUIS II. (Roman emperor) LUCRETIUS
LOUIS III. (Roman emperor) LUCRINUS LACUS
LOUIS IV., or V. (Roman emperor) LUCULLUS
LOUIS (king of the East Franks) LUCUS FERONIAE
LOUIS I. (king of Bavaria) LUCY, RICHARD DE
LOUIS II. (king of Bavaria) LUCY, SIR THOMAS
LOUIS II. (king of France) LUDDITES
LOUIS III. (king of France) LÜDENSCHEID
LOUIS IV. (king of France) LUDHIANA
LOUIS V. LUDINGTON
LOUIS VI. LUDLOW, EDMUND
LOUIS VII. LUDLOW (town)
LOUIS VIII. LUDLOW GROUP
LOUIS IX. LUDOLF (or Leutholf), HIOB
LOUIS X. LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM
LOUIS XI. LUDWIG, OTTO
LOUIS XII. LUDWIGSBURG
LOUIS XIII. LUDWIGSHAFEN
LOUIS XIV. LUDWIGSLUST
LOUIS XV. LUG
LOUIS XVI. LUGANO
LOUIS XVII. LUGANO, LAKE OF
LOUIS XVIII. LUGANSK
LOUIS I. (king of Hungary) LUGARD, SIR FREDERICK JOHN DEALTRY
LOUIS II. (king of Hungary) LUGO (Spanish province)
LOUIS (kings of Naples) LUGO (Spanish town)
LOUIS (king of the Franks) LUGOS
LOUIS OF NASSAU LUGUDUNUM
LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE LUINI, BERNARDINO
LOUIS PHILIPPE I. LUKE
LOUISBURG LUKE, GOSPEL OF ST
LOUISE LULEÅ
LOUISE OF SAVOY LULL (or Lully), RAIMON
LOUISIADE ARCHIPELAGO LULLABY
LOUISIANA (U.S.A. state) LULLY, JEAN-BAPTISTE
LOUISIANA (U.S.A. city) LUMBAGO
LOUISIANA PURCHASE LUMBER
LOUISVILLE LUMBINI
LOULÉ LUMP-SUCKER
LOURDES LUMSDEN, SIR HARRY BURNETT
LOURENÇO MARQUES LUNA, ÁLVARO DE
LOUSE LUNA
LOUTH (Leinster, Ireland) LUNATION
LOUTH (Lincolnshire, England) LUNAVADA
LOUVAIN LUNCHEON
LOUVER LUND, TROELS FREDERIK
LOUVET, JEAN LUND
LOUVET DE COUVRAI, JEAN BAPTISTE LUNDY, BENJAMIN
LOUVIERS LUNDY, ROBERT
LOUVOIS, FRANÇOIS LE TELLIER LUNDY
LOU[:Y]S, PIERRE LÜNEBURG
LOVAT, SIMON FRASER LÜNEBURGER HEIDE
LOVE-BIRD LUNETTE
LOVEDALE LUNÉVILLE
LOVELACE, RICHARD LUNG (anatomy)
LOVELL, FRANCIS LOVELL LUNG (symbolical creature)
LOVER, SAMUEL LUNGCHOW
LOVERE LUNGE, GEORG
LOW, SETH LUPERCALIA
LOW, WILL HICOK LUPINE
LOWBOY LUPUS, PUBLIUS RUTILIUS
LOW CHURCHMAN LUPUS
LOWE, SIR HUDSON LUQMAN
INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XVII. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTORS,[1]
WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.
A. C. G.
ALBERT CHARLES LEWIS GOTTHILF GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., PH.D., F.R.S.
Keeper of Zoological Department, British Museum, 1875-1895. Gold
Medalist, Royal Society, 1878. Author of _Catalogues of Colubrine
Snakes, Batrachia salientia, and Fishes in the British Museum_;
&c.
Mackerel (_in part_).
A. C. S.
ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE.
See the biographical article: SWINBURNE, ALGERNON CHARLES.
Marlowe, Christopher;
Mary, Queen of Scots.
A. E. J.
ARTHUR ERNEST JOLLIFFE, M.A.
Fellow, Tutor and Mathematical Lecturer, Corpus Christi College,
Oxford. Senior Mathematical Scholar, 1892.
Maxima;
Minima.
A. F. P.
ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.SOC.
Professor of English History in University of London. Fellow of
All Souls' College, Oxford. Author of _England under the Protector
Somerset_; _Henry VIII._; &c.
Macalpine, John.
A. G. D.
ARTHUR GEORGE DOUGHTY, C.M.G., M.A., LITT.D., F.R.HIST.S.
Dominion Archivist of Canada. Member of the Geographical Board of
Canada. Author of _The Cradle of New France_; &c. Joint-editor of
_Documents relating to the Constitutional History of Canada_.
McGee, T. A.
A. Ha.
ADOLF HARNACK.
See the biographical article: HARNACK, ADOLF.
Manichaeism (_in part_);
Marcion.
A. H. F.
REV. ANDREW HOLLINGSWORTH FROST, M.A.
Principal of Church Missionary College, Islington, 1870-1874.
Magic Square.
A. H. S.
REV. ARCHIBALD HENRY SAYCE, LL.D., LITT.D.
See the biographical article: SAYCE, ARCHIBALD HENRY.
Lycia;
Lydia.
A. H.-S.
SIR A. HOUTUM-SCHINDLER, C.I.E.
General in the Persian Army. Author of _Eastern Persian Irak_.
Mazandaran.
A. J. G.*
ARTHUR JAMES GRANT, M.A.
King's College, Cambridge. Professor of History in the University
of Leeds.
Louis XIII., XIV. and XV. of France.
A. J. H.
ALFRED J. HIPKINS, F.S.A. (1826-1903).
Formerly Member of Council and Hon. Curator of the Royal College
of Music, London. Member of Committee of the Inventions and Music
Exhibition, 1885; of the Vienna Exhibition, 1892; and of the Paris
Exhibition, 1900. Author of _Musical Instruments_; &c.
Lute (_in part_);
Lyre (_in part_).
A. M. C.
AGNES MARY CLERKE.
See the biographical article: CLERKE, A. M.
Maskelyne;
Mayer, Johann Tobias.
A. M. Cl.
AGNES MURIEL CLAY (Mrs Edward Wilde).
Formerly Resident Tutor of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.
Joint-editor of _Sources of Roman History, 133-79 B.C._
Magistrate.
A. M. F.
REV. ANDREW MARTIN FAIRBAIRN, M.A., D.D., LL.D.
See the biographical article: FAIRBAIRN, A. M.
Martineau, James.
A. N.
ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S.
See the biographical article: NEWTON, ALFRED.
Lory;
Love-Bird;
Lyre-Bird;
Macaw;
Magpie;
Mallemuck;
Manakin;
Manucode;
Martin.
A. N. W.
ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD, M.A., D.SC, F.R.S.
Fellow and Senior Lecturer in Mathematics, Trinity College,
Cambridge. Author of _A Treatise on Universal Algebra_.
Mathematics.
A. R. C.
ALEXANDER ROSS CLARKE, C.B., F.R.S.
Colonel R.E. Royal Medal of Royal Society, 1887. In charge of
Trigonometrical Operations of the Ordnance Survey, 1854-1881.
Map: _Projections_ (_in part_).
A. R. L.*
ARTHUR ROBERT LING, F.I.C.
Editor of the _Journal of the Institute of Brewing_. Lecturer on
Brewing and Malting at the Sir John Cass Institute, London.
Vice-President of the Society of Chemical Industry.
Malt.
A. Sl.
ARTHUR SHADWELL, M.A., M.D., LL.D.
Member of Council of Epidemiological Society. Author of _The
London Water-Supply_; _Industrial Efficiency_; _Drink, Temperance
and Legislation_.
Malaria (_in part_);
Massage.
A. Sy.
ARTHUR SYMONS.
See the biographical article: SYMONS, ARTHUR.
Mallarmé, Stéphane.
A. Wa.
ARTHUR WAUGH, M.A.
Managing Director of Chapman & Hall, Ltd., Publishers. Formerly
Literary Adviser to Kegan Paul & Co. Author of _Alfred Lord
Tennyson_; _Legends of the Wheel_; _Robert Browning_ in
"Westminster Biographies." Editor of Johnson's _Lives of the
Poets_.
Lytton, 1st Baron.
A. W. H.*
ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND.
Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of
Gray's Inn, 1900.
Louis I., II., III. and IV.: _Roman Emperors_;
Louis the German;
Louis II. and III. of France;
Louis the Child;
Magna Carta;
Maximilian I.: _Roman Emperor_.
A. W. Hu.
REV. ARTHUR WOLLASTON HUTTON, M.A.
Rector of Bow Church, London. Formerly Librarian of the National
Liberal Club. Author of _Life of Cardinal Manning_; &c.
Manning, Cardinal.
A. W. M.
ARTHUR WILLIAM MOORE, C.V.O., M.A. (1853-1909).
Trinity College, Cambridge. Formerly Speaker of the House of Keys,
and J.P. for the Isle of Man. Author of _A History of the Isle of
Man_; &c.
Man, Isle of.
A. W. R.
ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B.
Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of
_Encyclopaedia of the Laws of England_.
Maxims, Legal.
B. W.
BENJAMIN WILLIAMSON, M.A., D.SC., F.R.S.
Professor of Natural Philosophy, and Vice-Provost of Trinity
College, Dublin. Author of _Differential Calculus_; &c.
Maclaurin, Colin.
C. A. M. F.
CHARLES AUGUSTUS MAUDE FENNELL, M.A., LITT.D.
Formerly Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge. Editor of Pindar's
_Odes and Fragments_, and of the _Stanford Dictionary of
Anglicized Words and Phrases_.
Magic Square (_in part_).
C. B. P.
CATHERINE BEATRICE PHILLIPS, B.A. (Mrs W. Alison Phillips).
Associate of Bedford College, London.
Louis XVIII. of France;
Marie Antoinette.
C. Ch.
CHARLES CHREE, M.A., LL.D., D.SC., F.R.S.
Superintendent, Kew Observatory. Formerly Fellow of King's
College, Cambridge. President of Physical Society of London. Watt
Medallist, Institute of Civil Engineers, 1905.
Magnetism, Terrestrial.
C. F. A.
CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON.
Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of
London (Royal Fusiliers). Author of _The Wilderness and Cold
Harbour_.
Machine-Gun.
C. F. Cl.
CHARLES FREDERICK CLOSE, C.M.G.
Lieutenant-Colonel, R.E. Head of the Geographical Section, British
General Staff. Formerly British Representative on the
Nyasa-Tanganyika Boundary Commission. Author of _Text-Book of
Topographical Surveying_; &c.
Map: _Projections_ (_in part_).
C. G. Cr.
CHARLES GEORGE CRUMP, M.A.
Balliol College, Oxford. Clerk in H.M. Public Record Office,
London. Editor of _Landor's Works_; &c.
Manor: _in England_.
C. H. Ha.
CARLTON HUNTLEY HAYES, A.M., PH.D.
Assistant Professor of History in Columbia University, New York
City. Member of the American Historical Association.
Matilda, Countess of Tuscany;
Lucius.
C. L. K.
CHARLES LETHBRIDGE KINGSFORD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S., F.S.A.
Assistant Secretary to the Board of Education. Author of _Life of
Henry V._ Editor of _Chronicles of London_ and Stow's _Survey of
London_.
Lovell, Viscount;
Margaret of Anjou.
C. M.
CARL THEODOR MIRBT, D.TH.
Professor of Church History in the University of Marburg. Author
of _Publizistik im Zeitalter Gregor VII._; _Quellen zur Geschichte
des Papstthums_; &c.
Lyons, Councils of;
Marburg, Colloquy of.
C. Pf.
CHRISTIAN PFISTER, D. ÈS L.
Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of
Honour. Author of _Études sur le règne de Robert le Pieux_.
Mayor of the Palace.
C. R. B.
CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT.
Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham.
Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. University Lecturer in
the History of Geography. Author of _Henry the Navigator_; _The
Dawn of Modern Geography_; &c.
Magellan;
Marignolli (_in part_).
D. B. Ma.
DUNCAN BLACK MACDONALD, M.A., D.D.
Professor of Semitic Languages, Hartford Theological Seminary,
U.S.A. Author of _Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence
and Constitutional Theory_; _Religious Attitude and Life in
Islam_; &c.
Mahommedan Institutions;
Mahommedan Law;
Malik Ibn Anas.
D. F. T.
DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY.
Author of _Essays in Musical Analysis_, comprising _The Classical
Concerto_, _The Goldberg Variations_ and analyses of many other
classical works.
Madrigal (_in music_);
Mass (_in music_).
D. G. H.
DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A.
Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy.
Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Excavated at Paphos, 1888;
Naucratis, 1899 and 1903; Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907;
Director, British School at Athens, 1897-1900; Director, Cretan
Exploration Fund, 1899.
Magnesia;
Malatia;
Manisa;
Marash;
Maronites.
D. H.
DAVID HANNAY.
Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of _Short
History of the Royal Navy_; _Life of Emilio Castelar_; &c.
Marryat, Frederick;
Mast;
Mathews, Thomas.
D. Mn.
REV. DUGALD MACFADYEN, M.A.
Minister of South Grove Congregational Church, Highgate. Author of
_Constructive Congregational Ideals_; &c.
Mackennal, Alexander.
D. M. W.
SIR DONALD MACKENZIE WALLACE, K.C.I.E., K.C.V.O.
Extra Groom of the Bedchamber to H.M. King George V. Director of
the Foreign Department of The Times, 1891-1899. Member of Institut
de Droit International and Officier de l'Instruction Publique of
France. Joint-editor of New Volumes (10th ed.) of the
_Encyclopaedia Britannica_. Author of _Russia_; _Egypt and the
Egyptian Question_; _The Web of Empire_; &c.
Loris-Melikov.
D. S. M.*
DAVID SAMUEL MARGOLIOUTH, M.A., D.LITT.
Laudian Professor of Arabic, Oxford. Fellow of New College. Author
of _Arabic Papyri of the Bodleian Library_; _Mohammed and the Rise
of Islam_; _Cairo, Jerusalem and Damascus_.
Mahomet.
E. A. J.
E. ALFRED JONES.
Author of _Old English Gold Plate_; _Old Church Plate of the Isle
of Man_; _Old Silver Sacramental Vessels of Foreign Protestant
Churches in England_; _Illustrated Catalogue of Leopold de
Rothschild's Collection of Old Plate_; _A Private Catalogue of the
Royal Plate at Windsor Castle_; &c.
Mace.
E. Bn.
EDUARD BERNSTEIN.
Member of the German Reichstag, 1902-1906. Author of _Zur Theorie
und Geschichte des Socialismus_; &c.
Marx.
E. C. B.
RT. REV. EDWARD CUTHBERT BUTLER, O.S.B., D.LITT. (Dubl.).
Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of the _Lausiac History of
Palladius_, in "Cambridge Texts and Studies."
Mabillon;
Maurists;
Mechitharists.
E. G.
EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D., D.C.L.
See the biographical article: GOSSE, EDMUND.
Loti, Pierre;
Lyrical Poetry;
Macaronics;
Madrigal (_in verse_);
Maeterlinck.
E. Gr.
ERNEST ARTHUR GARDNER, M.A.
See the biographical article: GARDNER, PERCY.
Mantinela (_in part_);
Marathon (_in part_).
E. G. R.
ERNEST GEORGE RAVENSTEIN, M.A., PH.D.
Professor of Geography at Bedford College, London, 1882-1883.
Formerly in Topographical (now Intelligence) Department of the War
Office. Author of _The Russians on the Amur_; _A Systematic
Atlas_; &c.
Map (_in part_).
E. H. M.
ELLIS HOVELL MINNS, M.A.
University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and
Assistant Librarian at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly
Fellow of Pembroke College.
Massagetae.
E. L. W.
SIR EDWARD LEADER WILLIAMS (1828-1910).
Formerly Vice-President, Institute of Civil Engineers. Consulting
Engineer, Manchester Ship Canal. Chief Engineer of the Manchester
Ship Canal during its construction. Author of papers printed in
_Proceedings of Institute of Civil Engineers_.
Manchester Ship Canal.
E. M. T.
SIR EDWARD MAUNDE THOMPSON, G.C.B., I.S.O., D.C.L., LITT.D., LL.D.
Director and Principal Librarian, British Museum, 1898-1909.
Sandars Reader in Bibliography, Cambridge, 1895-1896. Hon. Fellow
of University College, Oxford. Correspondent of the Institute of
France and of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences. Author of
_Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeography_. Editor of _Chronicon
Angliae_.
Manuscript.
E. O.*
EDMUND OWEN, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.SC.
Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the
Children's Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the
Legion of Honour. Late Examiner in Surgery at the Universities of
Cambridge, London and Durham. Author of _A Manual of Anatomy for
Senior Students_.
Lung;
Lupus;
Mammary Gland: _Diseases_.
E. Pr.
EDGAR PRESTAGE.
Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of
Manchester. Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London,
Manchester, &c. Commendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago.
Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon
Geographical Society, &c. Editor of _Letters of a Portuguese Nun_;
_Azurara's Chronicle of Guinea_; &c.
Macedo;
Manuel de Mello.
E. R. B.
EDWYN ROBERT BEVAN, M.A.
Formerly Scholar of New College, Oxford. Author of _House of
Seleucus_; _Jerusalem under the High Priests_.
Macedonian Empire;
Lysimachus.
E. Tn.
REV. ETHELRED LUKE TAUNTON (d. 1907).
Author of _The English Black Monks of St Benedict_; _History of
the Jesuits in England_.
Loyola.
E. W. B. N.
EDWARD WILLIAMS BYRON NICHOLSON, M.A.
Librarian of the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Principal Librarian and
Superintendent of the London Institution, 1873-1882. Author of
_Keltic Researches_.
Mandevllle, Sir John.
F. A. P.
FREDERICK APTHORP PALEY, LL.D.
See the biographical article: PALEY, F. A.
Lucian.
F. C. C.
FREDERIC CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A., D.TH. (Giessen).
Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University
College, Oxford. Author of _The Ancient Armenian Texts of
Aristotle_; _Myth, Magic and Morals_; &c.
Manichaeism (_in part_).
F. G. M. B.
FREDERICK GEORGE MEESON BECK, M.A.
Fellow and Lecturer in Classics, Clare College, Cambridge.
Lothian.
F. G. P.
FREDERICK GYMER PARSONS, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., F.R. ANTHROP. INST.
Vice-President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Lecturer on Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital and the London School
of Medicine for Women. Formerly Hunterian Professor at the Royal
College of Surgeons.
Lymphatic System (_in part_);
Mammary Gland: _Anatomy_.
F. J. H.
FRANCIS JOHN HAVERFIELD, M.A., LL.D.
Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford University. Fellow
of Brasenose College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy.
Member of the German Imperial Archaeological Institute. Formerly
Senior Censor, Student, Tutor and Librarian of Christ Church,
Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1906. Author of Monographs on Roman
History, &c.
Lugudunum;
Mancunium.
F. J. S.
FREDERICK JOHN SNELL, M.A.
Balliol College, Oxford. Author of _The Age of Chaucer_; &c.
Lydgate.
F. K.
FERNAND KHNOPFF.
See the biographical article: KHNOPFF, FERNAND E. J. M.
Madou.
F. Ll. G.
FRANCIS LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH, M.A., PH.D., F.S.A.
Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Editor of the
Archaeological Survey and Archaeological Reports of the Egypt
Exploration Fund. Fellow of Imperial German Archaeological
Institute.
Luxor;
Manetho.
F. Po.
SIR FREDERICK POLLOCK, BART., LL.D., D.C.L.
See the article: POLLOCK (family).
Maine, Sir Henry.
F. R. C.
FRANK R. CANA.
Author of _South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union_.
Mandingo.
F. W. R.*
FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S.
Curator and Librarian at the Museum of Practical Geology, London,
1879-1902. President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889.
Magnetite;
Malachite.
G. A. Gr.
GEORGE ABRAHAM GRIERSON, C.I.E., PH.D., D.LITT. (Dublin).
Indian Civil Service, 1873-1903. In charge of Linguistic Survey of
India, 1898-1902. Gold Medallist, Royal Asiatic Society, 1909.
Vice-President of the Royal Asiatic Society. Formerly Fellow of
Calcutta University. Author of _The Languages of India_; &c.
Marathi.
G. Br.
REV. GEORGE BRYCE, M.A., D.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (Canada).
President of the Royal Society of Canada. Head of Faculty of
Science and Lecturer in Biology and Geology in Manitoba
University, 1891-1904. Author of _Manitoba_; _A Short History of
the Canadian People_; &c.
Manitoba (_in part_).
G. B. S.
GEORGE BARNETT SMITH.
Author of _William I. and the German Empire_; _Life of Queen
Victoria_; &c.
Macmahon.
G. C. L.
GEORGE COLLINS LEVEY, C.M.G.
Member of Board of Advice to Agent-General of Victoria. Formerly
Editor and Proprietor of the _Melbourne Herald_. Secretary to
Commissioners for Victoria at the Exhibitions in London, Paris,
Vienna, Philadelphia and Melbourne.
McCulloch, Sir James.
G. G.*
GEORGE GLADDEN.
Associate Editor of _Current Literature_, 1904-1905. Editor of
Biography, _New International Encyclopaedia_, 1901-1904,
1906-1907, and _New International Year Book_, 1907-1908; &c.
Martha's Vineyard.
G. G. S.
GEORGE GREGORY SMITH, M.A.
Professor of English Literature, Queen's University of Belfast.
Author of _The Days of James IV._; _The Transition Period_;
_Specimens of Middle Scots_; &c.
Lyndsay, Sir David.
G. H. C.
GEORGE HERBERT CARPENTER, B.SC.
Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin.
Author of _Insects: their Structure and Life_.
May-Fly (_in part_).
G. R. P.
GEORGE ROBERT PARKIN, LL.D., D.C.L.
See the biographical article: PARKIN, GEORGE ROBERT.
Macdonald, Sir John Alexander.
G. Sa.
GEORGE SAINTSBURY, LL.D., D.C.L.
See the biographical article: SAINTSBURY, GEORGE E. B.
Maistre, Joseph de;
Malherbe, Franois de;
Marguerite de Valois;
Marivaux, Pierre;
Marot, Clement.
G. W. T.
REV. GRIFFITHES WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D.
Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew
and Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.
Luqman;
Mahommedan Religion;
Mandaeans (_in part_);
Maqqari;
Maqrizi;
Mas'udi.
H. B. Wo.
HORACE BOLINGBROKE WOODWARD, F.R.S., F.G.S.
Formerly Assistant Director, Geological Survey of England and
Wales. Wollaston Medallist, Geological Society. Author of _The
History of the Geological Society of London_; &c.
Lyell, Sir Charles.
H. Cl.
SIR HUGH CHARLES CLIFFORD, K.C.M.G.
Colonial Secretary, Ceylon. Fellow of the Royal Colonial
Institute. Formerly Resident, Pahang. Colonial Secretary, Trinidad
and Tobago, 1903-1907. Author of _Studies in Brown Humanity_;
_Further India_; &c. Joint-author of _A Dictionary of the Malay
Language_.
Malacca;
Malay Peninsula;
Malays;
Malay States: _Federated_.
H. C. H.
REV. HORACE CARTER HOVEY, A.M., D.D.
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Geological Society of America, National Geographic Society and
Société de Spéléologie (France). Author of _Celebrated American
Caverns_; _Handbook of Mammoth Cave of Kentucky_; &c.
Luray Cavern;
Mammoth Cave.
H. De.
REV. HIPPOLYTE DELEHAYE S.J. S.J.
Bollandist. Joint-editor of the _Acta Sanctorum_.
Lucia, St;
Marcellinus, St;
Margaret, St;
Martyrology.
H. E. S.*
HORACE ELISHA SCUDDER (D. 1902).
Formerly Editor of the _Atlantic Monthly_. Author of _Life of
James Russell Lowell_; _History of the United States_; &c.
Lowell, James Russell.
H. Fr.
HENRI FRANTZ.
Art Critic, _Gazette des Beaux-Arts_ (Paris).
Manet.
H. Le.
HERBERT MARTIN JAMES LOEWE, M.A.
Queen's College, Cambridge. Curator of Oriental Literature,
University Library, Cambridge. Formerly Chief English Master at
the Schools of the Alliance at Cairo and Abyassiyyeh, Egypt.
Author of _Kitab el Ansab of Samani_; &c.
Maimonides.
H. Lb.
HORACE LAMB, M.A., LL.D., D.SC, F.R.S.
Professor of Mathematics, University of Manchester. Formerly
Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge. Member
of Council of Royal Society, 1894-1896. Royal Medallist, 1902.
President of London Mathematical Society, 1902-1904. Author of
_Hydrodynamics_; &c.
Mechanics: _Theoretical_.
H. L. H.
HARRIET L. HENNESSY, M.D. (BRUX.), L.R.C.S.I., L.R.C.P.I.
Malaria (_in part_).
H. M. S.
HENRY MORSE STEPHENS, M.A., LITT.D.
Balliol College, Oxford. Professor of History in the University of
California. Author of _History of the French Revolution_; &c.
Maintenon, Madame de;
Mazarin.
H. S.*
SIR HERBERT STEPHEN, BART., M.A., LL.M.
Trinity College, Cambridge. Barrister-at-Law. Clerk of Assize for
the Northern Circuit.
Lytton, 1st Earl of.
H. St.
HENRY STURT, M.A.
Author of _Idola Theatri_; _The Idea of a Free Church_; _Personal
Idealism_; &c.
Lotze (_in part_).
H. W. C. D.
HENRY WILLIAM CARLESS DAVIS, M.A.
Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls'
College, Oxford, 1895-1902. Author of _England under the Normans
and Angevins_; _Charlemagne_.
Mandeville, Geoffrey de;
Marsh, Adam;
Matilda, Queen;
Matthew of Paris.
H. W. R.*
REV. HENRY WHEELER ROBINSON, M.A.
Professor of Church History in Rawdon College, Leeds. Senior
Kennicott Scholar, Oxford, 1901. Author of _Hebrew Psychology in
Relation to Pauline Anthropology_ (in _Mansfield College Essays_);
&c.
Malachi (_in part_).
H. Y.
SIR HENRY YULE, K.C.S.I., C.B.
See the biographical article: YULE, SIR HENRY.
Mandeville, Sir John (_in part_);
Marignolli (_in part_).
I. A.
ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, M.A.
Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature in the University of
Cambridge. Formerly President, Jewish Historical Society of
England. Author of _A Short History of Jewish Literature_; _Jewish
Life in the Middle Ages_; _Judaism_; &c.
Luria;
Luzzatto, Moses Hayim;
Luzzatto, Samuel David;
Mapu;
Marano.
J. A. C.
SIR JOSEPH ARCHER CROWE, K.C.M.G.
See the biographical article: CROWE, SIR J. A.
Mabuse.
J. A. S.
JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS.
See the biographical article: SYMONDS, J. A.
Machiavelli;
Manutius.
J. A. V.*
JOHN AUGUSTUS VOELCKER, M.A., PH.D., F.I.C., F.L.S.
Consulting Chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society of England,
&c. Author of _The Woburn Experiments_; &c.
Manures.
J. Bt.
JAMES BARTLETT.
Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities,
&c., at King's College, London. Member of Society of Architects.
Member of Institute of Junior Engineers.
Masonry.
J. C. R. C.
SIR JOHN CHARLES READY COLOMB, K.C.M.G.
See the biographical article: COLOMB, P. H.
Marines.
J. D. B.
JAMES DAVID BOURCHIER, M.A., F.R.G.S.
King's College. Cambridge. Correspondent of The Times in
South-Eastern Europe. Commander of the Orders of Prince Danilo of
Montenegro and of the Saviour of Greece, and Officer of the Order
of St Alexander of Bulgaria.
Macedonia.
J. F.-K.
JAMES FITZMAURICE-KELLY, LITT.D., F.R.HIST.S.
Gilmour Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, Liverpool
University. Norman McColl Lecturer, Cambridge University. Fellow
of the British Academy. Member of the Council of the Hispanic
Society of America. Knight Commander of the Order of Alphonso XII.
Author of _A History of Spanish Literature_.
Lull, Raimon;
Maupassant.
J. Ga.
JAMES GAIRDNER, C.B., LL.D.
See the biographical article: GAIRDNER, JAMES.
Mary I., Queen.
J. G. Sc.
SIR JAMES GEORGE SCOTT, K.C.I.E.
Superintendent and Political Officer, Southern Shan States. Author
of _Burma_; _The Upper Burma Gazetteer_.
Mandalay.
J. Hn.
JUSTUS HASHAGEN, PH.D.
Privatdozent in Medieval and Modern History, University of Bonn.
Author of _Das Rheinland unter die franzosische Herrschaft_.
Louis I. and II. of Bavaria.
J. H. F.
JOHN HENRY FREESE, M.A.
Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.
Lycaon.
J. H. R.
JOHN HORACE ROUND, M.A., LL.D. (EDIN.).
Author of _Feudal England_; _Studies in Peerage and Family
History_; _Peerage and Pedigree_.
Lord Great Chamberlain;
Mar, Earldom of;
Marquess.
J. Hl. R.
JOHN HOLLAND ROSE, M.A., LITT.D.
Christ's College, Cambridge. Lecturer on Modern History to the
Cambridge University Local Lectures Syndicate. Author of _Life of
Napoleon I._; _Napoleonic Studies_; _The Development of the
European Nations_; _The Life of Pitt_; chapters in the _Cambridge
Modern History_.
Lowe, Sir Hudson;
Maret.
J. I.
JULES ISAAC.
Professor of History at the Lycée of Lyons.
Louis XII. of France.
J. J. T.
SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, D.SC., LL.D., PH.D., F.R.S.
Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics and Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge. President of the British Association,
1909-1910. Author of _A Treatise on the Motion of Vortex Rings_;
_Application of Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry_; _Recent
Researches in Electricity and Magnetism_; &c.
Magneto-Optics;
Matter.
J. L. W.
JESSIE LAIDLAY WESTON.
Author of _Arthurian Romances unrepresented in Malory_.
Malory, Sir Thomas;
Map, Walter.
J. M. Gr.
JAMES MONCRIEFF GRIERSON, C.B., C.M.G., C.V.O.
Major-General, R.A. Commanding 1st Division Aldershot Command.
Director of Military Operations at Headquarters, 1904-1906. Served
through South African War, 1900-1901. _Author of Staff Duties in
the Field_; &c.
Manoevres, Military.
J. M. M.
JOHN MALCOLM MITCHELL.
Sometime Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Lecturer in Classics,
East London College (University of London). Joint-editor of
Grote's _History of Greece_.
Mandeville, Bernard de;
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.
J. P. P.
JOHN PERCIVAL POSTGATE, M.A., LITT.D.
Professor of Latin in the University of Liverpool. Fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge. Fellow of the British Academy. Editor
of the _Classical Quarterly_. Editor-in-chief of the _Corpus
Poetarum Latinorum_; &c.
Lucan (_in part_).
Jno. S.
SIR JOHN SCOTT, K.C.M.G., D.C.L. (1841-1904).
Deputy Judge Advocate-General to the Forces, 1898-1904. Judicial
Adviser to the Khedive of Egypt, 1890-1898. Hon. Fellow of
Pembroke College, Oxford.
Martial Law.
J. Si.*
REV. JAMES SIBREE, F.R.G.S.
Principal Emeritus, United College (L.M.S. and F.F.M.A.),
Antanànarivo, Madagascar. Membre de l'Académie Malgache. Author of
_Madagascar and its People_; _Madagascar before the Conquest_; _A
Madagascar Bibliography_; &c.
Madagascar;
Mauritius.
J. S. Bl.
JOHN SUTHERLAND BLACK, M.A., LL.D.
Assistant-editor of the 9th edition of the Encyclopaedia
Britannica. Joint-editor of the _Encyclopaedia Biblica_.
Mary: Mother of Jesus (_in part_).
Mazzini.
J. S. Co.
JAMES SUTHERLAND COTTON, M.A.
Editor of the Imperial Gazetteer of India. Hon. Secretary of the
Egyptian Exploration Fund. Formerly Fellow and Lecturer of Queen's
College, Oxford. Author of _India_; &c.
Mahrattas (_in part_).
J. S. F.
JOHN SMITH FLETT, D.SC, F.G.S.
Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on
Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society
of London.
Marble;
Marl.
J. T. Be.
JOHN THOMAS BEALBY.
Joint-author of Stanford's _Europe_. Formerly Editor of the
_Scottish Geographical Magazine_. Translator of Sven Hedin's
_Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet_; &c.
Maritime Province (_in part_).
J. T. C.
JOSEPH THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, M.A., F.Z.S.
Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London.
Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Assistant Professor
of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh and Naturalist
to the Marine Biological Association.
Mackerel (_in part_).
J. T. M.
JOHN THEODORE MERZ, LL.D., PH.D., D.C.L.
Chairman of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Electric Supply Co., Ltd.
Author of _History of European Thought in the XIXth Century_; &c.
Lotze (_in part_).
J. T. S.*
JAMES THOMSON SHOTWELL, PH.D.
Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City.
Louis VI., VII., IX., X. and XI. of France.
J. V.*
JULES VIARD.
Archivist at the National Archives, Paris. Officer of Public
Instruction, France. Author of _La France sous Philippe VI de
Valois_; &c.
Lore, Ambroise de;
Louvet, Jean;
Marcel, Étienne.
J. V. B.
JAMES VERNON BARTLET, M.A., D.D. (St Andrews).
Professor of Church History, Mansfield College, Oxford. Author of
_The Apostolic Age_; &c.
Mark, St (_in part_);
Matthew, St;
Luke, St.
K. G. J.
KINGSLEY GARLAND JAYNE.
Sometime Scholar of Wadham College, Oxford. Matthew Arnold
Prizeman, 1903. Author of _Vasco da Gama and his Successors_.
Malay Archipelago.
K. K.
KONRAD KESSLER, PH.D.
Formerly Professor of Semitic Languages at the University of
Greifswald.
Mandaeans (_in part_).
K. L.
REV. KIRSOPP LAKE, M.A.
Lincoln College, Oxford. Professor of Early Christian Literature
and New Testament Exegesis in the University of Leiden. Author of
_The Text of the New Testament_; _The Historical Evidence for the
Resurrection of Jesus Christ_; &c.
Mary, Mother of Jesus (_in part_).
K. S.
KATHLEEN SCHLESINGER.
Editor of Portfolio of Musical Archaeology. Author of _The
Instruments of the Orchestra_.
Lute (_in part_);
Lyre (_in part_);
Mandoline.
L. J. S.
LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A., F.G.S.
Assistant, Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, South
Kensington. Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge,
and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the _Mineralogical Magazine_.
Manganite;
Marcasite.
L. V.*
LUIGI VILLARI.
Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Dept.). Formerly Newspaper
Correspondent in East of Europe. Author of _Italian Life in Town
and Country_; &c.
Mazzini: _Bibliography_.
L. W. V-H.
L. W. VERNON-HARCOURT (d. 1909).
Barrister-at-Law. Author of _His Grace the Steward and the Trial
of Peers_.
Lord High Steward.
M. A. W.
MARY A. WARD (MRS HUMPHRY WARD).
See the biographical article: WARD, MARY AUGUSTA.
Lyly.
M. Br.
MARGARET BRYANT.
Louis VIII. and XVII. of France.
M. Ja.
MORRIS JASTROW, JR., PH.D.
Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania. Author
of _Religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians_; &c.
Marduk.
M. N. T.
MARCUS NIEBUHR TOD, M.A.
Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College, Oxford. University Lecturer in
Epigraphy. Joint-author of _Catalogue of the Sparta Museum_.
Lycurgus: _Spartan Lawgiver_;
Lysander.
M. O. B. C.
MAXIMILIAN OTTO BISMARCK CASPARI, M.A. (OXON.).
Reader in Ancient History at London University. Lecturer in Greek
at Birmingham University, 1905-1908.
Mantineia (_in part_);
Manuel I., Comnenus;
Marathon (_in part_).
M. P.
MARK PATTISON, LL.D.
See the biographical article: PATTISON, MARK.
Macaulay.
N. D. M.
NEWTON DENNISON MERENESS, A.M., PH.D.
Author of _Maryland as a Proprietary Province_.
Maryland.
N. V.
JOSEPH MARIE NOEL VALOIS.
Member of Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Paris.
Honorary Archivist at the Archives Nationales. Formerly President
of the Société de l'Histoire de France, and of the Société de
l'École des Chartes.
Marsilius of Padua;
Martin I.-V.: _Popes_.
N. W. T.
NORTHCOTE WHITRIDGE THOMAS, M.A.
Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding
Member of the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris. Author of _Thought
Transference_; _Kinship and Marriage in Australia_; &c.
Lycanthropy;
Magic.
O. R.
OSBORNE REYNOLDS, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. M.INST.C.E.
Formerly Professor of Engineering, Victoria University,
Manchester. Honorary Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge.
Lubrication.
P. A. A.
PHILIP A. ASHWORTH, M.A., DOC. JURIS.
New College, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law.
Lübeck (_in part_).
P. A. K.
PRINCE PETER ALEXEIVITCH KROPOTKIN.
See the biographical article: KROPOTKIN, PRINCE, P. A.
Maritime Province (_in part_).
P. G.
PERCY GARDNER, M.A., LITT.D., LL.D.
See the biographical article: GARDNER, PERCY.
Lysippus.
P. Gi.
PETER GILES, M.A., LL.D., LITT.D.
Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and
University Reader in Comparative Philology. Formerly Secretary of
the Cambridge Philological Society.