CLASSIFICATION.
THE following classification includes _only the forms mentioned in the
succeeding pages_. The relative value of some of the terms employed in
classification is not identical throughout the book. This remark
applies specially to the term _group_, which is a convenient one,
owing to its not having such a hard and fast zoological meaning as has
the term _family_, for instance. The term _group_ is applied in this
book to divisions of the animal kingdom of very different
classificatory importance.
PHYLUM CHORDATA.
SUBPHYLUM A. HEMICHORDATA.
Balanoglossus.
Cephalodiscus.
Rhabdopleura.
? Phoronis.
(? Actinotrocha--larval Phoronis).
SUBPHYLUM B. UROCHORDATA (TUNICATA).
Group LARVACEA and others.
SUBPHYLUM C. CEPHALOCHORDATA.
Amphioxus--lancelet.
NOTE. In this chapter all the generic names printed in italics
are those of extinct animals.
SUBPHYLUM D. VERTEBRATA.
DIVISION (I). CYCLOSTOMATA.
Order 1. MARSIPOBRANCHII.
Family =Myxinoidei=. Myxine--hag-fish.
Bdellostoma.
Family =Petromyzontidae=. Petromyzon--lamprey.
(Ammocoetes--larval lamprey.)
Family =Palaeospondylidae=. _Palaeospondylus._
Order 2. OSTRACODERMI.
Suborder 1. HETEROSTRACI.
Family =Pteraspidae=. _Pteraspis._
Suborder 2. OSTEOSTRACI.
Family =Cephalaspidae=. _Cephalaspis._
Suborder 3. ANTIARCHA.
Family =Asterolepidae=. _Pterichthys._
_Asterolepis._
DIVISION (II). GNATHOSTOMATA.
A. ICHTHYOPSIDA.
CLASS I. PISCES.
Order 1. ELASMOBRANCHII.
Suborder (1). ICHTHYOTOMI.
Family =Pleuracanthidae=. _Xenacanthus._
Suborder (2). PLEUROPTERYGII.
_Cladoselache._
Suborder (3). SELACHII.
Group SQUALIDAE.
Family =Notidanidae=. Heptanchus.
Hexanchus.
Chlamydoselache--frill-gilled shark.
Family =Cochliodontidae=. _Cochliodus._
Family =Cestraciontidae=. Cestracion--Port Jackson shark.
_Acrodus._
Family =Scylliidae=. Scyllium--spotted dogfish.
Family =Lamnidae=. Odontaspis.
Family =Carcharidae=. Galeus--tope.
Family =Spinacidae=. Acanthias--spiny dogfish.
Scymnus.
Family =Squatinidae=. Squatina (Rhina)--angel fish.
Group BATOIDEI.
Family =Pristidae=. Pristis--saw-fish.
Family =Raiidae=. Raia--skate.
Family =Myliobatidae=. Myliobatis--eagle ray.
Family =Trygonidae=. Trygon--sting ray.
Family =Torpedinidae=. Torpedo--electric ray.
Suborder (4). ACANTHODII.
Family =Acanthodidae=. _Acanthodes._
Family =Diplacanthidae=. _Diplacanthus._
Order 2. HOLOCEPHALI.
Family =Chimaeridae=. Chimaera--rabbit fish.
Harriotta.
Callorhynchus.
_Ischyodus._
Order 3. GANOIDEI.
Suborder (1). CHONDROSTEI.
Family =Palaeoniscidae=. _Palaeoniscus._
_Trissolepis._
Family =Acipenseridae=. Acipenser--sturgeon.
Scaphirhynchus.
Family =Polyodontidae=. Polyodon (Spatularia)--spoon-beaked sturgeon.
Psephurus--slender-beaked sturgeon.
Suborder (2). CROSSOPTERYGII.
Family =Holoptychiidae=. _Holoptychius._
Family =Rhizodontidae=. _Rhizodus._
Family =Osteolepidae=. _Osteolepis._
Family =Polypteridae=. Polypterus--bichir.
Calamoichthys--reed-fish.
Suborder (3). HOLOSTEI.
Family =Lepidosteidae=. Lepidosteus--gar pike.
Family =Semionotidae=. _Lepidotus._
Family =Amiidae=. Amia--bow-fin.
Order 4. TELEOSTEI.
Suborder (1). PLECTOGNATHI.
Family =Balistidae=. Balistes--file-fish.
Family =Gymnodontidae=. Diodon--globe-fish.
Family =Ostracionidae=. Ostracion--coffer-fish.
Suborder (2). PHYSOSTOMI.
Family =Siluridae=.--cat-fishes.
Family =Cyprinidae=. Cyprinus--carp.
Family =Esocidae=. Esox--pike.
Family =Salmonidae=. Salmo--salmon.
Family =Clupeidae=. Clupeus--herring.
Exocaetus--'flying fish'.
Family =Muraenidae=. Anguilla--eel.
Suborder (3). ANACANTHINI.
Family =Gadidae=. Gadus--cod, haddock, whiting.
Family =Pleuronectidae=. Solea--sole.
Suborder (4). PHARYNGOGNATHI.
Family =Labridae=. Labrus--wrasse.
Scarus--parrot fish.
Suborder (5). ACANTHOPTERYGII.
Family =Cataphracti=. Dactylopterus--flying gurnard.
Family =Percidae=. Perca--perch.
Order 5. DIPNOI.
Suborder (1). SIRENOIDEI.
Family =Dipteridae=. _Dipterus._
Family =Monopneumona=. Ceratodus--barramunda.
Family =Dipneumona=. Protopterus--African mud-fish.
Lepidosiren.
Suborder (2). ARTHRODIRA.
Family =Coccosteidae=. _Coccosteus._
_Dinichthys._
NOTE. Palaeontological research has disclosed the existence of
a great number of forms which seem to connect with one another
almost all the orders of fishes as usually recognised. Forms
connecting the living Ganoids with the Teleosteans have been
especially numerous, so that these terms Ganoid and Teleostean
can hardly be any longer used in a precise and scientific
sense. This has rendered the subject of the classification of
fishes a very difficult one. Though unsuitable for adoption in
a work like the present, by far the most natural classification
hitherto proposed seems to be that of Smith Woodward[15]. He
considers that the course of development of fishes has followed
two distinct lines, the autostylic and hyostylic (see p. 119),
and groups the various forms as follows:
HYOSTYLIC. AUTOSTYLIC.
Subclass 1. ELASMOBRANCHII. Subclass 3. HOLOCEPHALI.
1. Ichthyotomi. 1. (unknown).
2. Selachii. 2. Chimaeroidei.
3. Acanthodii. 3. (unknown).
Subclass 2. TELEOSTOMI. Subclass 4. DIPNOI.
1. Crossopterygii (Palaeozoic 1. Sirenoidei.
and Mesozoic).
2. Crossopterygii (Cainozoic). 2. (unknown).
3. Actinopterygii. 3. Arthrodira.
The primitive forms in each of these four subclasses have the
fins archipterygia (see p. 127).
CLASS II. AMPHIBIA.
Order 1. URODELA.
Suborder (1). ICHTHYOIDEA.
Group A. PERENNIBRANCHIATA.
Family =Menobranchidae=. Menobranchus.
Family =Proteidae=. Proteus--olm.
Family =Sirenidae=. Siren.
Group B. DEROTREMATA.
Family =Amphiumidae=. Megalobatrachus.
Cryptobranchus (Menopoma).
Amphiuma.
Suborder (2). SALAMANDRINA.
Family =Salamandridae=. Salamandra--salamander.
Molge--newt.
Onychodactylus.
Amblystoma.
(Siredon--axolotl, larval Amblystoma).
Batrachoseps.
Spelerpes (Gyrinophilus).
Order 2. LABYRINTHODONTIA.
Group =Lepospondyli=. _Branchiosaurus._
Group =Temnospondyli=. _Archegosaurus._
_Nyrania._
_Euchirosaurus._
Group =Stereospondyli=. _Capitosaurus._
_Mastodonsaurus._
Order 3. GYMNOPHIONA.
Family =Caeciliidae=. Siphonops.
Epicrium.
Order 4. ANURA.
Suborder (1). AGLOSSA.
Family =Xenopidae=. Xenopus.
Family =Pipidae=. Pipa--Surinam toad.
Suborder (2). PHANEROGLOSSA.
Group ARCIFERA.
Family =Discoglossidae=. Discoglossus--painted frog.
Bombinator--fire-bellied frog.
Alytes--midwife frog.
Family =Pelobatidae=. Pelobates--toad frog.
Family =Hylidae=. Hyla--green tree-frog.
Family =Bufonidae=. Bufo--toad.
Docidophryne.
Family =Cystignathidae=. Ceratophrys--horned frog.
Group FIRMISTERNIA.
Family =Ranidae=. Rana--common and edible frogs.
Family =Engystomatidae=. Brachycephalus.
B. SAUROPSIDA.
CLASS I. REPTILIA[16].
Order 1. THEROMORPHA.
Group =Anomodontia=. _Dicynodon._
_Udenodon._
Group =Placodontia=. _Placodus._
Group =Pariasauria=. _Pariasaurus._
_Elginia._
Group =Theriodontia=. _Dimetrodon._
_Galesaurus._
_Cynognathus._
Order 2. SAUROPTERYGIA.
Family =Mesosauridae=. _Mesosaurus._
Family =Nothosauridae=. _Nothosaurus._
Family =Plesiosauridae=. _Plesiosaurus._
_Pliosaurus._
Order 3. CHELONIA.
Suborder (1). TRIONYCHIA.
Family =Trionychidae=. Trionyx--snapping turtle.
Suborder (2). CRYPTODIRA.
Family =Dermochelydidae=. Dermochelys (Sphargis)--leathery
turtle.
Family =Chelonidae=. Chelone--green turtle.
Family =Chelydridae=. Chelydra--terrapin.
Family =Chersidae=. Testudo--tortoise.
Suborder (3). PLEURODIRA.
Family =Chelydae=. Chelys.
Order 4. ICHTHYOSAURIA.
Family =Ichthyosauridae=. _Ichthyosaurus._
Order 5. RHYNCHOCEPHALIA.
Suborder (1). RHYNCHOCEPHALIA VERA.
Family =Sphenodontidae=. Sphenodon (Hatteria).
Family =Rhynchosauridae=. _Hyperodapedon._
Suborder (2). PROGANOSAURIA.
Family =Proterosauridae=. _Proterosaurus._
Order 6. SQUAMATA.
Suborder (1). LACERTILIA.
Group =Lacertilia vera=.
Family =Geckonidae=. Gecko.
Family =Pygopodidae=. Lialis--scale-foot.
Family =Agamidae=. Draco--flying lizard.
Agama.
Family =Iguanidae=. Iguana.
Family =Anguidae=. Ophisaurus (Bipes, Pseudopus).
Anguis--blindworm.
Family =Varanidae=. Varanus--monitor.
Family =Amphisbaenidae=. Chirotes.
Amphisbaena.
Family =Scincidae=. Tiliqua (Cyclodus).
Scincus--skink.
Chalcides (Seps).
Group =Rhiptoglossa=.
Family =Chamaeleonidae=. Chamaeleon.
Suborder (2). OPHIDIA.
Family =Typhlopidae=. Typhlops--blind snake.
Family =Boidae=. Python.
Family =Colubridae=. Tropidonotus--ringed snake.
Family =Hydrophidae=--sea snakes.
Family =Crotalidae=. Crotalus--rattlesnake.
Suborder (3). PYTHONOMORPHA.
Family =Mosasauridae=. _Mosasaurus._
Order 7. DINOSAURIA.
Suborder (1). SAUROPODA.
Family =Atlantosauridae=. _Brontosaurus._
Family =Cetiosauridae=. _Morosaurus._
Suborder (2). THEROPODA.
Family =Megalosauridae=. _Megalosaurus_ (_Ceratosaurus_).
Family =Compsognathidae=. _Compsognathus._
Suborder (3). ORTHOPODA.
Section (_a_). STEGOSAURIA.
Family =Scelidosauridae=. _Polacanthus._
Family =Stegosauridae=. _Stegosaurus._
Section (_b_). CERATOPSIA.
Family =Ceratopsidae=. _Polyonax_ (_Ceratops_).
Section (_c_). ORNITHOPODA.
Family =Camptosauridae=. _Hypsilophodon._
Family =Iguanodontidae=. _Iguanodon._
Family =Hadrosauridae=. _Hadrosaurus._
Order 8. CROCODILIA.
Suborder (1). PARASUCHIA.
Family =Phytosauridae=. _Phytosaurus_ (_Belodon_).
Suborder (2). EUSUCHIA.
Family =Teleosauridae=. _Teleosaurus._
_Metriorhynchus._
Family =Goniopholidae=. _Goniopholis._
Family =Alligatoridae=. Alligator.
Caiman.
Jacare.
Family =Crocodilidae=. Crocodilus.
Family =Garialidae=. Garialis (Gavialis).
Order 9. PTEROSAURIA.
Family =Pterodactylidae=. _Pterodactylus._
Family =Rhamphorhynchidae=. _Rhamphorhynchus._
Family =Pteranodontidae=. _Pteranodon._
FOOTNOTES:
[15] A. Smith Woodward, _Catalogue of Fossil Fishes in the British
Museum_, Part II., Introduction, p. xii.
[16] This classification of reptiles is mainly based on that of
Lydekker (_Catalogue of Fossil Reptiles in the British Museum_) but in
some respects that of von Zittel has been followed.
CLASS II. AVES[17].
Subclass (I). ARCHAEORNITHES.
_Archaeopteryx._
Subclass (II). NEORNITHES.
Order 1. RATITAE.
Group =Æpyornithes=. _Æpyornis._
Group =Apteryges=. Apteryx--kiwi.
Group =Dinornithes=. Moas.
Group =Megistanes=. Casuarius--cassowary.
Dromaeus--emeu.
Group =Rheornithes=. Rhea--American ostrich.
Group =Struthiornithes=. Struthio--ostrich.
Order 2. ODONTOLCAE.
_Hesperornis._
Order 3. CARINATAE.
Group =Ichthyornithiformes=.
_Ichthyornis._
_Apatornis._
_Odontopteryx._
Group =Colymbiformes=.
Subgroup Colymbi--divers.
Group =Sphenisciformes=.
Subgroup Sphenisci--penguins.
Group =Ciconiiformes=.
Subgroup Steganopodes. Sula--gannet.
Pelicanus--pelican.
Phaëthon--frigate bird.
Phalacrocorax--cormorant.
Subgroup Ardeae. Ardea--heron
Subgroup Ciconiae. Leptoptilus--adjutant.
Ciconia--white stork.
Group =Anseriformes=.
Subgroup Palamedeae. Palamedea }
} screamers.
Chauna }
Subgroup Anseres. Anas--wild duck.
Anser--goose.
Plectropterus--spur-winged goose.
Cygnus--swan.
Mergus--merganser.
Group =Falconiformes=.
Subgroup Cathartae. Cathartes--American vulture.
Subgroup Accipitres. Falco--falcon.
Vultur--vulture.
Harpagus.
Gypogeranus--secretary bird.
Group =Tinamiformes=.
Subgroup Tinami. Tinamus.
Group =Galliformes=.
Subgroup Galli. Gallus--fowl.
Pavo--peacock.
Subgroup Opisthocomi. Opisthocomus--hoatzin.
Group =Gruiformes=.
Gruidae--cranes.
Group =Stereornithes=. _Phororhacos._
Group =Charadriiformes=.
Subgroup Limicolae. Charadriidae--plovers.
Parra--jacana.
Subgroup Lari. Laridae--gulls.
Alcidae--auks.
Subgroup Pteroclidae. Pterocles--sandgrouse.
Subgroup Columbidae. Columbae--pigeons.
_Didus_--dodo.
_Pezophaps_--solitaire.
Group =Cuculiformes=.
Subgroup Cuculi. Scythrops.
Subgroup Psittaci. Stringops--owl-parrot.
Group =Coraciiformes=.
Subgroup Coraciae. Coracias--roller.
Buceros--hornbill.
Upupa--hoopoe.
Subgroup Striges. Owls.
Subgroup Cypseli. Cypselidae--swifts.
Trochilidae--humming-birds.
Subgroup Trogonidae. Trogons.
Subgroup Pici. Rhamphastos--toucan.
Picus--woodpecker.
Group =Passeriformes=. Crows, finches, larks, warblers,
and many others.
C. MAMMALIA[18].
Class MAMMALIA.
Subclass (I). ORNITHODELPHIA or PROTOTHERIA.
Order. MONOTREMATA.
Family =Ornithorhynchidae=. Ornithorhynchus--duck-bill.
Family =Echidnidae=. Echidna--spiny ant-eater.
Group =Multituberculata=. _Tritylodon._
Subclass (II). DIDELPHIA or METATHERIA.
Order. MARSUPIALIA.
Suborder (1). POLYPROTODONTIA.
Family =Amphitheriidae=. _Phascolotherium._
Family =Didelphyidae=. Didelphys--opossum.
Family =Dasyuridae=. Thylacinus--Tasmanian wolf.
Sarcophilus--Tasmanian devil.
Dasyurus.
Family =Peramelidae=. Perameles--bandicoot.
Choeropus.
Family =Notoryctidae=. Notoryctes--marsupial mole.
Suborder (2). DIPROTODONTIA.
Family =Phascolomyidae=. Phascolomys--wombat.
Family Phalangeridae. Tarsipes.
Phalanger--cuscus.
Phascolarctus--koala.
_Thylacoleo._
Family =Diprotodontidae=. _Diprotodon._
Family =Nototheriidae=. _Nototherium._
Family =Macropodidae=. Macropus--kangaroo.
Family =Epanorthidae=. Coenolestes.
Subclass (III). MONODELPHIA or EUTHERIA.
Order 1. EDENTATA.
Family =Bradypodidae=. Bradypus }
}--sloths.
Choloepus }
Family =Megatheriidae=. _Megatherium_--ground sloth.
Family =Myrmecophagidae=. Myrmecophaga--great ant-eater.
Cycloturus--two-toed ant-eater.
Family =Dasypodidae=. Chlamydophorus }
Dasypus }--armadillos.
Priodon }
Tatusia }
Family =Glyptodontidae=. _Glyptodon._
Family =Manidae=. Manis--pangolin.
Family =Orycteropodidae=. Orycteropus--aard-vark.
Order 2. SIRENIA.
Family =Manatidae=. Manatus--manatee.
Family =Rhytinidae=. _Rhytina_--Steller's sea-cow.
Family =Halicoridae=. Halicore--dugong.
Family =Halitheriidae=. _Halitherium._
Order 3. CETACEA.
Suborder (1). ARCHAEOCETI.
Family =Zeuglodontidae=. _Zeuglodon._
Suborder (2). MYSTACOCETI or BALAENOIDEA.
Family =Balaenidae=. Balaena--right whale.
Megaptera--humpbacked whale.
Balaenoptera--rorqual.
Suborder (3). ODONTOCETI.
Family =Physeteridae=. Physeter--sperm whale.
Hyperoödon--bottlenose.
Ziphius.
Mesoplodon.
Family =Physodontidae=. _Physodon._
Family =Squalodontidae=. _Squalodon._
Family =Platanistidae=. Platanista--Gangetic dolphin.
Inia.
Pontoporia.
Family =Delphinidae=. Monodon--narwhal.
Phocaena--porpoise.
Orca--killer.
Globicephalus--Ca'ing whale.
Grampus.
Lagenorhynchus.
Delphinus--dolphin.
Tursiops.
Prodelphinus.
Order 4. UNGULATA.
Division A. UNGULATA VERA.
Suborder (1). ARTIODACTYLA.
Section (_a_). SUINA.
Family =Hippopotamidae=. Hippopotamus.
Family =Suidae=. Sus--pig.
Babirussa.
Phacochaerus--wart hog.
_Hyotherium._
Family =Cotylopidae=. _Cotylops (Oreodon)._
_Cyclopidius._
Family =Agriochoeridae=. _Agriochoerus._
Family =Anoplotheriidae=. _Anoplotherium._
Section (_b_). TYLOPODA.
Family =Camelidae=. Camelus--camel.
Auchenia--llama.
Section (_c_). TRAGULINA.
Family =Tragulidae=. Dorcatherium (Hyomoschus)--chevrotain.
Section (_d_). RUMINANTIA or PECORA.
Family =Cervidae=. Moschus--musk deer.
Cervus--deer.
Cervulus--muntjac.
Hydropotes--Chinese water deer.
Family =Giraffidae=. Giraffa--giraffe.
_Sivatherium._
Family =Antilocapridae=. Antilocapra--prongbuck.
Family =Bovidae=. Tetraceros--four-horned antelope.
Gazella--gazelle.
Bos--ox.
Bison.
Bubalus--buffalo.
Suborder (2). PERISSODACTYLA.
Family =Tapiridae=. Tapirus--tapir.
Family =Lophiodontidae=. _Lophiodon._
_Hyracotherium._
Family =Palaeotheriidae=. _Palaeotherium._
Family =Equidae=. _Hipparion._
Equus--horse.
Family =Rhinocerotidae=. Rhinoceros.
_Elasmotherium._
Family =Titanotheriidae=. _Titanotherium (Brontops)._
_Palaeosyops._
Family =Chalicotheriidae=. _Chalicotherium._
Family =Macraucheniidae=. _Macrauchenia._
Division B. SUBUNGULATA.
Suborder (1). TOXODONTIA.
Family =Astrapotheriidae=. _Astrapotherium._
Family =Nesodontidae=. _Nesodon._
Family =Toxodontidae=. _Toxodon._
Family =Typotheriidae=. _Typotherium._
Suborder (2). CONDYLARTHRA.
Family =Phenacodontidae=. _Phenacodus._
Suborder (3). HYRACOIDEA.
Family =Hyracidae=. Procavia (Hyrax).
Suborder (4). AMBLYPODA.
Family =Coryphodontidae=. _Coryphodon._
Family =Uintatheriidae=. _Uintatherium_ (_Dinoceras_).
Suborder (5). PROBOSCIDEA.
Family =Dinotheriidae=. _Dinotherium._
Family =Elephantidae=. _Mastodon._
Elephas--elephant.
Group Tillodontia.
Order 5. RODENTIA.
Suborder (1). SIMPLICIDENTATA.
Section SCIUROMORPHA.
Family =Castoridae=. Castor--beaver.
Section MYOMORPHA.
Family =Lophiomyidae=. Lophiomys.
Family =Muridae=. Hydromys.
Acanthomys--spiny mouse.
Mus--mouse.
Family =Spalacidae=. Bathyergus.
Family =Dipodidae=. Dipus--jerboa.
Pedetes--Cape jumping-hare.
Section HYSTRICOMORPHA.
Family =Hystricidae=. Hystrix--porcupine.
Family =Chinchillidae=. Chinchilla.
Lagostomus--viscacha.
Family =Dasyproctidae=. Coelogenys--paca.
Dasyprocta--agouti.
Family =Caviidae=. Cavia--guinea-pig.
Hydrochaerus--capybara.
Suborder (2). DUPLICIDENTATA.
Family =Leporidae=. Lepus--hare and rabbit.
Order 6. CARNIVORA.
Suborder (1). CREODONTA.
Family =Hyaenodontidae=. _Hyaenodon._
Suborder (2). CARNIVORA VERA or FISSIPEDIA.
Section ÆLUROIDEA.
Family =Felidae=. Felis--cat, lion, tiger.
_Machaerodus_--sabre-toothed lion.
Family =Viverridae=. Viverra--civet.
Paradoxurus--palm civet.
Family =Protelidae=. Proteles--aard wolf.
Family =Hyaenidae=. Hyaena.
Section CYNOIDEA.
Family =Canidae=. Canis--dog, wolf, fox.
Section ARCTOIDEA.
Family =Ursidae=. Ursus--bear.
Family =Mustelidae=. Latax--sea otter.
Suborder (3). PINNIPEDIA.
Family =Otariidae=. Otaria--sea lion.
Family =Trichechidae=. Trichechus--walrus.
Family =Phocidae=. Ogmorhinus--sea leopard.
Order 7. INSECTIVORA.
Suborder (1). DERMOPTERA.
Family =Galeopithecidae=. Galeopithecus--'flying lemur'.
Suborder (2). INSECTIVORA VERA.
Family =Macroscelidae=. Macroscelides--jumping shrew.
Family =Erinaceidae=. Erinaceus--hedgehog.
Gymnura.
Family =Soricidae=. Sorex--shrew.
Family =Talpidae=. Talpa--mole.
Family =Potamogalidae=. Potamogale.
Family =Solenodontidae=. Solenodon.
Family =Centetidae=. Microgale.
Centetes--tenrec.
Family =Chrysochloridae=. Chrysochloris--golden mole.
Order 8. CHIROPTERA.
Suborder (1). MEGACHIROPTERA.
Family =Pteropidae=. Pteropus--flying fox.
Suborder (2). MICROCHIROPTERA.
Family =Rhinolophidae=. Horseshoe bats.
Family =Phyllostomatidae=. Desmodus--vampire.
Order 9. PRIMATES.
Suborder (1). LEMUROIDEA.
Family =Tarsiidae=. Tarsius--tarsier.
Family =Chiromyidae=. Chiromys--aye aye.
Suborder (2). ANTHROPOIDEA.
Family =Hapalidae=. Hapale--marmoset.
Family =Cebidae=. Mycetes--howling monkey.
Ateles--spider monkey.
Family =Cercopithecidae=. Cynocephalus--baboon.
Macacus.
Colobus.
Family =Simiidae=. Hylobates--gibbon.
Simia--orang.
Gorilla.
Anthropopithecus--chimpanzee.
Family =Hominidae=. Homo--man.
FOOTNOTES:
[17] This classification of birds is essentially that of Gadow and
Selenka in Bronn's _Classen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs_, Band VI.,
Abth. IV., Vögel. Leipzig, 1891.
[18] The classification adopted is almost entirely that given in
Flower and Lydekker's _Mammals Living and Extinct_. London, 1891.