DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLET
OF THE
RICHMOND
Mill Furnishing Works.
ALL SIZES OF
Mill Stones and Complete Grinding and Bolting
Combined Husk or Portable
FLOURING MILLS,
Portable Corn and Feed Mills; Smut and Separating
Machines; Zigzag and Oat Separators, Dustless Separators,
Warehouse Separators, Water Wheels;
Mill Shafting; Pulleys; Spur and Bevel, Iron
and Core, Gearing.
AND
Bolting Cloth: Flour, Meal, Buckwheat and Rye Bolts.
Complete in Chests; Plantation and Farm Mills;
Screen Wire; Perforated Zinc; English Steel Mill
Picks; Elevator Cups; All kinds of Belting;
Hoisting Screws; Proof Staffs, &c.
NORDYKE, MARMON & CO.,
RICHMOND, IND.
_Factory and Office two Blocks South of Railroad Bridge._
RICHMOND, IND.
TELEGRAM STEAM PRINTING COMPANY.
1872.
[Illustration]
COPYRIGHT SECURED.
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1872, by Nordyke, Marmon &
Co., in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
CONTENTS.
Introductory 5
Mill Stones 8
Building and Balancing Stones 9
Standing and Running Balance 9
Bolting Cloth 13
Under-Runner Mills 14
Under-Runner Geared Mills 16
Upper-Runner Mills 17
Pulley Mills 18
Attaching and Driving 18
Geared Mills 19
Single Reel Bolt, complete 21
Portable Mill and Bolt 22
Complete Portable Grinding and Belting Flour Mills 24
Combined Mill Husk 31
Double Reel Bolts 35
Grinding and Flouring, and Capacity 35
Keeping in Order 37
Directions for Ordering 39
Setting up and Starting 40
Smut and Separating Machines 41
Ordering Smut and Separating Machines 44
Dustless Oat Separator and Zigzag 45
Flour Packers 47
Bran Dusters 49
Farm and Plantation Mills 52
Corn and Cob Crusher, and Grinder 54
Corn Shellers 55
Hominy Mills 58
Scales 60
Weight of various Products 64
Contents of a Hopper, how to find 65
Contents of a Bin, how to find 65
Shafting, Hangers and Boxing 66
Rules to find Speed of Pulleys and Gearing 70
Weight of Round or Square Iron 71
Weight of Sheet Iron 71
Spring Coupling and Driver 72
Gearing 73
Spur Geared Mills 74
Cogs 74
Water Power 75
Measurement of Water in a Stream 75
Steam Engines 77
Self-Tramming Mill Irons 78
Oil Bush 81
Mill Bushes 82
Lighter Screws and Hand Wheels 84
Lighter Levers 85
Mill Steps 85
Mill Curbs or Hoops 86
Silent Feeders 87
Proof-Staffs 88
Red-Staffs 89
Mill-Picks 89
Hoisting Screws, Bales and Pins 92
Damsels 92
Elevators 94
Elevator Cups and Fastenings 95
Bag Trucks 96
Conveyor Flights 96
Belting 97
Buckwheat Bolts 97
Meal Bolts 97
Perforated Zinc and Iron Plates 97
Screen Wire 97
Duster Wire 98
Prices, Terms, and Weights 98
Testimonials 99
References 115
Table of Logs, reduced to Board Measure 118
INTRODUCTORY.
We present our customers and those whose names have been given us with
our descriptive pamphlet for 1872.
Having now been established over thirty-five years in the construction
of machinery in this particular line, and knowing most of the old and
new improvements which have been a success and those which have failed,
we are offering, after almost a constant course of labor, mill machinery
of undoubted superior qualities. And now we invite the attention of
those interested to the articles of our designing and make, fully
believing a careful investigation and comparison with the work of any
manufacturer will convince them of its excellence. Our work being
represented in OVER ONE THOUSAND FLOURING MILLS is some evidence of its
practical merits. NO EXPERIMENTS, BUT GET THE BEST. We have files of
letters and statements that tell of the costly experiences of those
having bought new and untried machinery.
The mill of to-day of whatever dimensions must be simple, compact,
efficient, durable and cheap.
THE FOLLOWING POINTS
have claimed our special study to obtain the best results in the
different locations, and purposes required.
1st. The best wheat scouring and separating machinery.
2d. The quality of burr stones required, best speed, draft and form of
furrows, and best mode of driving them.
3d. Numbers of cloth, amount of bolting surface required, best
arrangement of numbers, &c.
4th. Propriety of regrinding, how best to grade the offal for this
purpose, as well as other requirements of flour mills.
COMBINED HUSKS
with two to four run of stones varying from two to four feet diameter,
and all in one substantial frame, spindles being long and arranged for
the gearing and lower part of husk to be in the basement of the
mill-house on an independent foundation, are made complete in our works,
carefully put up and adjusted, marked, taken apart, small pieces boxed
and otherwise prepared for shipment and ease of putting up. This plan
was first adopted by us in the year 1867; since that time we have put
out considerably over one hundred run of stone on this plan, all
receiving the highest commendations of the owners.
OUR PORTABLE MILLS
are in extensive use, but by careful observation we have found the means
of improvement, and within the last few years have revised our patterns,
and we say, with entire confidence, all things being considered, that we
make the best heavy husk portable mill in the market, they having none
of the objectionable features so common in mills of this class.
PARTICULAR ATTENTION
is directed to OUR COMPLETE GRINDING AND BOLTING FLOUR MILL adapted to
the special demands of a custom mill. Those now made have all the
improvements of value to the present date, and furnished at a price so
reasonable that every town or neighborhood of sufficient demands can be
supplied; good flour and yield guaranteed.
SELF TRAMMING, DRIVING AND BALANCE IRONS
as improved, are extensively used, and in brisk demand. These are no new
and doubtful experiment. See the cuts and description, and the defects
of other modes of driving irons will readily be understood. We are
prepared to execute
DRAWINGS AND PLANS
with description, bills of material required in the construction of
mill-house all ready to receive the machinery, showing also the location
of mills and machinery in the building. This is of special advantage, as
it can be turned over to the carpenter or contractor for execution, thus
saving trouble in knowing the cost before you begin, as well as knowing
where to strike.
OUR ADVANTAGES.
Our whole attention is devoted to this particular line of manufacturing,
with special tools, machinery and permanent buildings built and adapted
expressly for the purpose, at a great expense. We are thus enabled to
conduct with system and accuracy the production of good work. We have
advantages in location, as a glance at a map of the States will show; we
are central, in ready access to lumber, coal and iron, (other makers
both east and west of us are supplied in a great measure, some
altogether, with hard lumber from our State.) We have good Railroad
shipping facilities in all directions, and purchasers can have their
work safely delivered almost at their own doors at low shipping rates.
With these advantages we are able to compete with any factory, east or
west, saving time, money and risk to the purchaser.
[Illustration]
MILL STONES.
This is one of the specialties of our business. It has been built up
from small beginnings to one of the largest west of New York. We keep a
large stock of burr blocks from which to make selections. Hence if we
should not have on hands, built up, the sized stone or quality that is
wanted, we can give our customers just what they need on very short
notice. Our facilities for turning out first-class work of this kind,
are equal to any in the west. Having in our employ men experienced in
the manufacture and use of burrs, we are able to furnish our customers
just the quality of goods they need for their particular class of work.
[Illustration: FACE OF MILL STONE.]
We are well aware of the importance of a good mill stone to profitably
flour wheat, and give this department the most careful attention. For a
description of our method of building and backing up runner stones, we
refer the reader to the article following, under the head of “Building
and Balancing Runner Stones.” Where our customers prefer to do all the
mill-wright work in their mill, we are prepared to make in addition to
the burrs, such shafting, gearing, spindles, irons and machinery as they
may need.
[Illustration: BACK OF STONE.]
Building and Balancing Stones.
We put all runner stones on a point or cock-head, and keep them in
balance while “backing up;” consequently they are as near in standing
and running balance as they can be, by this means. We have testimony to
the fact, that a number of stones we have made (all balanced upon the
old plan of a cock-head at the center,) are in such perfect balance that
if the wheat is exhausted in the hopper, the face of the runner _will
not touch the bed-stone_. The importance of balancing on the true
principle, is mostly overlooked. In a mill properly balanced, the stones
will keep a better grinding face with one-half the time and labor
required if they are not thus balanced. Particular attention must be
paid to _keeping_ the runner in balance, as after leaving our works, the
cement dries out in such a manner as to sometimes throw the runner out
of both standing and running balance. For a description of the means we
provide to do this important work of balancing, see the cuts and
description under head of “Standing and Running Balance.”
We put _iron backs_ on our under-runners, to protect the stone from
wearing out of balance.
Standing and Running Balance.
Millers as a rule know that a stone in standing balance is not always in
running balance, and _vice versa_, yet they are well aware that a stone
should be in both. The reason these two balances do not always exist at
the same time, or why the _light_ side of a stone standing should seem
the _heavy_ side on running, is not clearly understood, and hence the
difficulty in obviating the trouble. The importance of a correct
standing balance and at the same time a true running balance, cannot
well be over-estimated. Suppose the balancing weights in a runner are so
adjusted that the stone stands in balance on the cock-head when raised
above the bed-stone, but on starting, instead of its face remaining true
and running steady, one side droops, and it runs with an apparent
vibration or oscillation of the face. It will be found, however, upon
examination, that it will always run with the same side low--going to
show that the difficulty is centered in one certain point.
[Illustration]
In these cuts are shown the improved balance boxes adopted by us. The
one on the right is the box complete. They are placed in the runner with
the rounding part in contact with the band, with the lid of the box a
little below the plaster back. The figure to the left illustrates the
inner adjustable box and screw for adjusting the same when in the stone.
It will be noticed it has two parts divided by a partition. The cover to
this inner box shown in the middle figure is secured with a screw, and
fits down upon the box and close over the division, so that either side
may be used when the weight is wanted at a point between any two of the
balance boxes. We put five of them in a runner stone. This number is
deemed entirely sufficient. They are made of cast-iron and fit up in
good style, the wrought screws being all tapped into the iron. We find
this balance box gives the miller entire control of the runner, and easy
to operate, simply by removing the curb and letting the stone rest in
position. A wrench is all the tool needed; the weights when in position
are not subject to derangement, as those ordinarily used.
Now that we have the means explained by which this important work is to
be done, next comes the question, How shall I do it? First, we would
say, put the runner in standing balance in the usual manner, and
lowering the required weight to the bottom of the boxes. In mills with
the old style of stiff driving irons the spindle and driver must be
_carefully_ trammed to the runner, as well as a proper bearing and a
good fit of the cock-head into the cockeye; unless this is attended to
it will be no use to proceed. Where our self-tramming driving irons are
used, the process of putting in a balance will be a pleasure instead of
a long disagreeable process, and it will be more perfect than is
possible with any other appliance for this purpose.
The runner being in standing balance, place two boards planed evenly and
⅜ of an inch in thickness between the stones, (they may be 4 to 8
inches wide) allowing the ends to project sufficiently to fasten
securely to a block or piece of timber fastened to the husk; place them
about midway between the spindle and outer edge of stone, and put the
stone in motion, letting it down upon the boards until its face runs
steady and true; then turn off the plaster back perfectly true with the
face, from a firm rest properly supported; now try the standing balance
again. By turning off the back it may have been changed. Next find the
light side of the stone by elevating the runner from the boards, and run
it as fast as it will bear without too much vibration, as in cases where
the stone is much out of balance the full speed should be approached
gradually in the process. Hold a pencil against the rest plank and
approach it slowly until it touches the turned back of the stone, say 4
to 6 inches in from the band or skirt. It will of course mark the side
which runs high. The principle or real cause of this side of the stone
running high is that the center of gravity or weight on this side is too
low, (below the cock-head and point of suspension,) while the center of
weight on the side that runs low is too high and above the center. To
change this so as to bring the center of weight of each side
respectively on the same level, is what we must accomplish.
As we know which side of the stone was high, now take, say two to six
pounds, as the case may require, of iron, broken into small pieces, or
shot, and take one-half of the amount and put into the inside box
screwed to the top of the box on the side that runs high, and the other
half in the box or boxes opposite, and lowered by the screw into the
bottom of the balance box. Then test the stone and make a new mark, add
weight carefully until the face runs true up to the full grinding speed.
Be careful to divide the weight, as it may be added, so as not to
disturb the standing balance.
Standing balance is simply an equal weight on all sides.
Running balance is having the center of gravity just as far from the
face on one side as the other.
Irregular motion, and no matter how fast, will not affect the runner
when balanced as we have explained.
If this important item is properly attended to, as well as keeping the
stones in good flouring face, there will be less killing of the life of
flour, and allowing middlings and unclean bran to escape. The value of
the flour, both as regards nourishment and health, depends on the amount
of nutritious, aromatic and saccharine properties retained in the flour
which the wheat contains.
This result depends upon the flouring process the meal has been
subjected to between the stones. On the amount of these properties in
the flour also depend the weight and sweetness of the loaf when baked;
likewise its light and white qualities when used for any purpose.
[Illustration]
BOLTING CLOTHS.
There is a great deal said and published by those who furnish cloths,
concerning the merits of the brand of cloth they sell, and demerits of
others, so that millers are at a loss where to buy, when there is so
much difference of opinion. When bolting cloth is wanted, all we can ask
is to address us for samples to examine. If the cloth is ordered at
once, and you want privilege of examining at express office before
paying for same, please state it in the order. In the examination of
Bolting Cloths parties are often led astray; some brands of the French
and Swiss appear even, smooth and heavy; they are well sized with a kind
of gum and sugar of lead, but when used awhile their bad qualities are
betrayed by the uneven and fuzzy appearance.
[Illustration]
The cloth kept in stock and for sale by us is the brand of “Dufour &
Co.’s Old Dutch Anchor,” acknowledged by the most experienced
mill-wrights and millers to be THE BEST. We have it imported direct by
the only importer of this kind of cloth in the United States, and get it
as low as any of our competitors. We have tested this cloth, not alone
by long use, but by thoroughly washing and rubbing out all the sizing
from a piece of this, as well as the other brands, and comparing
carefully the weights and texture of each before and after the process.
As the result we have found more silk in the Dufour Cloth than any other
brand, as well as more firmly locked thread and even texture. We make
cloths up in large quantities; have at times ten to fifteen on the way.
We require the length of the reel, number of ribs, measurement around
the reel, and distance from center to center of ribs, to enable us to
make a good fit.
UNDER RUNNER PULLEY MILLS.
[Illustration]
The above engraving shows our PORTABLE UNDER RUNNER MILL, as improved.
For grinding wheat, corn, feed, or flouring middlings, they are inferior
to none. The runner is balanced upon a steel point or cock-head,
projecting into a steel seat. Argument is no longer necessary to prove
to intelligent millers the advantages of a cock-head mill over those
having the runner stone secured rigid to the spindle. The driving irons
in this mill are those shown under head of “Self-tramming Mill Irons.”
No mill is perfect without them; with them they are more desirable for
wheat grinding than any other under-runner mill.
The bed stone is stationary in the upper part of the husk frame, and is
turned over on heavy hinges when necessary to sharpen the burrs. Four
stiff rubber springs around bolts, are provided above the bed
stone-frame, holding it down while grinding, for the important duty of
allowing said bed-stone to yield up in case any hard substance enters
between the stones. In this way we prevent the liability of breakage,
and overcome the very popular objection to all other mills having the
under stone to run. In addition we provide a metallic bush arranged to
oil collar of spindle while mill is running. The curb is made of pine
staves, and banded with neat iron bands. We furnish either damsel or
silent feed as desired. The runner has a cast iron back to prevent any
inclination to wear out of balance. The husk is made of hard wood and
very strong. Many other points of excellence could be mentioned. The
improvements are protected by Letters-Patent.
-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------
Diameter of | Diameter of | Width of belt | Revolutions
Stones. | Pulley. | to drive. | per minute.
-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------
26 inches. | 18 inch. | 7 inch. | 440
30 inches. | 20 inch. | 8 inch. | 400
36 inches. | 24 inch. | 10 inch. | 330
-------------+-------------+---------------+-------------
[Illustration]
GEARED MILLS.
[Illustration]
OUR UNDER RUNNER GEARED MILLS
Are substantially the same as set forth on page 14, excepting they are
provided with heavy gearing, horizontal shaft, pulley and boxing lined
with anti-friction metal. The gear is faced off in a lathe before the
cogs are put in, the pulley is turned and balanced, all being fitted up
in the best manner from new patterns, strong and in good proportion. We
have the best and smoothest running geared mill in the market.
UPPER RUNNER PULLEY MILLS.
[Illustration]
This cut represents our PORTABLE UPPER RUNNER MILL. The heavy runner in
addition to being built in balance is provided with five improved
standing and running balance weights, adjustable with screws. (See under
head of “Standing and Running Balance.”) This mill has the self-tramming
irons set forth under its proper head; improved silent feed rig; wrought
iron spindle with steel ends; steel cock-eye in runner stone; a tram
step to tram by means of screws; the oil fountain bush and followers;
pine stave curb or hoop banded with iron under walnut finish; stones
faced and furrowed, of a good selection of French burr, of sharp even
quality, and other additions and advantages not necessary to mention,
all made complete with pulley as shown in the cut, or gear as shown on
page 16, and secured in a strong ash husk frame. The step-irons used in
this mill admit of our using a much longer spindle without making top of
mill higher than usual. The principal improvements on this mill have
been secured to us by two distinct Letters-Patent.
-------------+-------------+---------------+--------------
Diameter of | Diameter of | Width of Belt | Revolutions
Stones. | Pulley. | to drive. | per minute.
-------------+-------------+---------------+--------------
30 inch. | 20 inch. | 8 inch. | 360
36 inch. | 24 inch. | 8 inch. | 300
42 inch. | 30 inch. | 10 inch. | 240
-------------+-------------+---------------+--------------
ALL OUR PULLEY MILLS
Are furnished with our improved low down Set Screw Step, giving a
spindle one-fifth longer than any other mill with same height of hopper,
and constructed in the ordinary manner.
With this step the spindle is trammed by means of set screws, thus
making it more readily and accurately adjustable, at the same time
avoiding the liability of getting out of tram. This step is so
constructed as to avoid changing from its true position or out of tram,
when the runner stone is raised or lowered by the lighter screw. The
_husks_ of these mills are made of ash timber, strongly bolted together
with wrought iron joint bolts. We furnish turned iron pulleys balanced
and keyed to the spindle, so they can be raised or lowered at pleasure.
The curbs around the runners are of the kind shown and described under
head of “Mill Curbs or Hoops.” The feed rig, either our improved silent,
or shoe and damsel, as may be wanted by the purchaser, or for the
purpose required.
Attaching and Driving.
It will generally be found most desirable to drive our pulley mills from
a horizontal shaft and pulleys, with reel belts and tightning pulleys in
a movable frame, or quarter-twist belt.
Place the mill upon a solid floor or firm foundation with the bed-stone
level; cleat around the posts, and bolt through two of the lower ties;
if room is precious a platform can be placed over the belt or belts
running from the line-shaft to the mill. This shaft should be from
thirteen to fifteen feet from the mill spindle, to give sufficient
length of belt.
The center of the mill pulley and driver must not be in line, but as
follows: When the reel belt plan is adopted, _place the center of the
mill pulley four or five inches below the top of the driving pulley that
runs from the mill, and the side of the mill pulley that runs towards
the driving pulley in line with the center of the driving pulley, then
place the idle or tightning pulley in a sliding frame on the under side
of the slack belt near the driving pulley, and of the proper height and
angle to lead the belt squarely on the mill pulley_.
When locating the mill to run by “quarter twist belt,” place thus:
_Upper or lower side of the driving pulley, which runs towards the mill,
should be five or six inches above the center of the burr pulley_, and
the _side of the burr pulley that runs towards the driving pulley must
be in a line with its center_. In attaching the bolt it will be observed
that its position depends somewhat upon how the elevator foot and
cooling conveyor are placed. It will be found best in most situations to
put the cooling conveyor and elevator foot entirely below the floor. It
is a good plan to set the Portable or in fact any kind of a mill on a
foundation entirely below and independent from the floor of the house.
The reel belt plan of driving from a pulley on a horizontal shaft, even
if a large one, will make no edge strain on the belt whatever, and in
stopping and starting is of great convenience. We have it shown in a
small way in the cut, Fig. 3, under head of “Complete Grinding and
Bolting Mills.” Where we furnish the mills, we always, when requested to
do so, send draft and plans showing how to set up and arrange all, so
that it will be a success, and without additional charge.
GEARED MILLS
Are furnished with wood and iron gearing--wooden cogs in the driving
wheel. This does away with the noise and deafening clatter of the
ordinary, or all iron geared mills. (See under head of “Gearing,” and
“Under Runner Geared Mills.”) These cogs are of wide face, thus having a
large bearing surface, and wear but slowly. Where there is one mill the
shaft is long enough to receive the pulley and one journal box outside.
We often put three run of burrs, two wheat and one corn, upon one
continuous shaft. This makes a very compact arrangement. In this case
the mills are detached by slipping the pinion or wheel out of gear, on a
sleeve provided for the purpose.
[Illustration: SINGLE REEL BOLT.
Lower part of Elevator and Cooling Conveyor not shown.]
SINGLE REEL BOLT--Complete, and Dimensions.
(See preceding page.)
Our bolts are so well known that a full description seems superfluous.
Their constant use for fourteen years has suggested some marked changes,
which together with a brief outline of the bolt itself, we will
describe. The object gained is a more efficient bolt for custom work,
either for a Portable Mill or any flouring mill however large or small,
where a bolt is wanted specially adapted to the demands of custom
grinding; at the same time a bolt that can be shipped to any point on a
navigable river or railroad in the United States or Territories. We have
already sent a number of them into Northern Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Also, Texas, Kansas, Georgia, &c., &c. When so ordered they are taken
apart and boxed, previously marked how each part belongs, and drafts and
description of how to set it up, sent so that one at all skilled can put
it up in the mill and have it ready to run in two to three days time.
For those residing within a few hundred miles of our works, we mostly
send on open cars or boat, well protected by paint and varnish, and out
of the great number shipped within ten years past, have not had a single
one at all damaged that we know of. They are made in large quantities,
the parts being duplicated and cut out from patterns, and by machinery
adapted to the purpose. The lumber contained in them is thoroughly
seasoned, and selected of the best quality. The parts usually sent with
them unless otherwise ordered are:
1st. All the gearing and shafts required, with supporting frame and
bearings for the elevator head, spout, gear and shafts.
2d. Extra heavy cloth of Dufour & Co.’s Dutch Anchor brand made up to
fit the reel, with strips of ticking to come in contact with the ribs of
reel, and proper arrangement of numbers to make flour that will bear
inspection. This is generally sent by express in a separate package.
3d. The elevator complete, as follows: forty feet of 4½-inch leather
or gum belt, thirty 4-inch heavy tin, iron banded, cups, with improved
copper clasp fastenings, head and foot with turned pulleys in them,
including an outside pair of bevel or spur wheels or turned pulley to
receive power. (See cut of elevator head and foot under head of
“Elevator, Cups and Fastenings.”)
4th. A cooling conveyor geared by suitable wheels to the shaft in foot
of the elevator, so that it can be located in any direction to suit the
situation. To fill some special orders we have put the cooling conveyor
on top of the chest; in most cases it is best to have it below. The
frame work of the bolt is made of hard wood and well bolted. Conveyor
for flour and one for returns full length of bolt; conveyor flights are
of hard wood; cut offs are provided so that one-fourth, all or any
degree of the flouring cloth may be used for fine flour, at the option
of the miller.
TABLE OF DIMENSIONS.
-----------------------------------------+-----------------
Length of Reel. | Extreme Length.
-----------------------------------------+-----------------
For 26 and 30 inch mill 16 feet. | 18½ feet.
For 30 and 36 “ “ 18 “ | 20½ “
For 36 and 42 “ “ 20 “ | 22½ “
For 42 and 48 “ “ 22 “ | 24½ “
-----------------------------------------+-----------------
They are 3 feet 6 inches wide and 6 feet 2 inches high to top of
elevator.
PORTABLE MILL AND BOLT.
In our portable Mill and Bolt we have condensed all the advantages
required of a custom mill in making a prime article of flour and much
better suited for the purpose. We have not been sparing in the material
necessary to make every part strong and durable, and they will bear to
be continually used with a strong power without any part yielding in the
least. The bolts are arranged for making all the cut-offs for changing
the grade of the flour, thus using more or less bolting surface, or
making more or less returns, as may be found necessary. It makes a quick
and even discharge of flour from the flour spout, there are no hoppers
or anything for the clogging of flour, and every customer gets his own
flour from his own wheat. This is of great advantage, and if not pretty
fully accomplished creates dissatisfaction with customers. The Bolts in
connection with our Mills are of ample capacity when the grain is in
proper condition to make good flour. They are made much larger and in
more roomy chest than ever before. They are supplied with our improved
_percussion apparatus_. This has now been in use in its present style
for over ten years, with perfect success. It is composed of three sets
of hinged arms, or knockers, three in each set, secured to every
alternate rib of the reel inside, gently tapping the ribs on the
downward or empty side of the reel, thus not forcing the flour _through_
the cloth, but dusting out and unclogging it. These can be stopped or
started by the miller at any time while the Bolt is in operation--either
one set, two, or all, as circumstances may require. These, every
practical miller knows, after having used them, to be indispensable to
counteract the extremes of damp and dry, or cold and exceedingly warm
weather. Some millers utterly condemn the use of knockers on bolts, and,
in reference to those commonly in use, we will agree with them in this.
The difficulty lies in the fact that commonly they are so arranged that
the miller is obliged to use them at all times. In free bolting weather,
he not only wants to stop the _percussion apparatus_, but also to have
all the safeguards against too free bolting at his command. With this
apparatus and proper grinding no clogging of the Bolt will ever be
noticed. By the use of this apparatus we are enabled to use finer cloth
than without it, and at all times bolt even and obtain better yields.
This tried and valuable improvement has been secured by Letters-Patent.
These _Mills and Bolts_, or either of them separately are constantly
being attached to old and new mills, warehouses and places where steam
and water power can be had or used. We use on these Bolts Dufour & Co.’s
celebrated Dutch Anchor brand of Bolting Cloth made up in best manner
with 2½ inch strips of heavy ticking to come in contact with the ribs
of reel.
Some parties erroneously entertain the idea that a _portable mill_ is a
temporary affair. They obtain this idea from the word _portable_. This
word, applied to a mill, means only that the machinery is built in such
a manner at the factory as to permit of its being shipped the same as
any other machinery. Our portable mill has all the qualities for doing
good work, and all the durability, that any old style mill has. It
further has the advantage of enabling a man to put up his mill without
near so much delay and expense as is required in the old style. In every
instance where a portable mill has failed to do its work properly or to
be durable, it has not been because it was a _portable_ mill, but
because it was not constructed on _good well-tried_ principles, or of
good material, or the fault may have been because it was not set up as
it should be, or had not been properly managed after it was set up.
Our Mills and Bolts are fitted up and put together ready to run, before
shipment, then properly arranged for shipping, and delivered on board
the cars at the proper depot here, and a through rate of freight
contracted in the shipping receipt.
COMPLETE PORTABLE GRINDING AND BOLTING FLOURING MILLS.
The cuts, Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, are intended to show the different
arrangements in buildings and are made by us of the following sizes of
stones: 30, 36 and 42 inches diameter of upper-runners, and 26, 30 and
36 inch of the under-runner kind, with the bolts described fully
elsewhere, of ample capacity and to meet the special demands of a custom
mill, capable of making flour that will bear inspection in any market,
at the same time good yields, and are as economical in the use of power
as any mill in the United States. Drawings and directions to set up sent
with each mill when ordered. It betters the arrangement to place the
husk frame 20 inches below the floor; the discharge spout and hoppers
all come at a convenient height for the miller to see into the hopper
and operate the mill without stooping. In Figs. 1 and 3 they are shown
thus. We advise making a platform in the rear of the mills over the
belts. The stones and bolt-chest can be placed on same floor, as Fig. 1,
or the bolt above as the situation requires. They will grind and bolt
from six to fifteen bushels per hour according to size, and can be put
in operation in a short time, and are no more liable to get out of
repair than the best mill in use.
Those having their power all ready, should give us the dimensions of it
and kind, to enable us to give correct information as to size of mill
best adapted to it, &c., &c.
[Illustration: _Fig. 1._
The above shows our Portable Mills, arranged in one story house and
driven by Reel Belts and Tightening Rigging to Shift Belts. For Ground
Plan, See Fig. 4.]
[Illustration: _Fig. 2._
Portable Mills driven by quarter twist Belts without the tightening
rigging. For Ground Plan, See Fig. 4.][Pg 025]
[Illustration: _Fig. 3._]
[Illustration: _Fig. 4._
This Ground Plan view applies to Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Line Shaft, S S, Bolt
at B, &c., is located above. Foundation Timbers, D D and Cooling
Conveyor, E, is under lower floor.][Pg 027]
[Illustration: _Fig. 5.]_
This engraving represents two geared Mills with their attendant
machinery as arranged in the Mill Building, Warehouse, or any house
suitable. The application of the Power to be by belt from Engine or
Water Power to the Large Pulley between two Mills.
[Illustration:
Fig. 6.
WATER MILL,
Driven by Belts under
high head, with Wheel
in Iron Casing.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 7.
COMBINED
MILL HUSK.
See Page 31.
]
COMBINED MILL HUSK.
In cases where there is or can be a basement under the grinding floor,
we advise lengthening out the husk posts sufficiently to throw the
gearing or belts entirely below the floor. When this is done the husks
of the two or more run of burrs are combined into one, making it very
solid. This style of mill, where there is room under the grinding floor
for it, is the best arrangement possible.
A husk of this kind has all the firmness and solidity of the usual style
of frame husk, and yet it is not so bulky and cumbersome. Heavy joint
bolts being used entirely, instead of pins, it can readily be tightened
up, should any part become slack. These joint bolts bring the timbers
harder and more firmly against the shoulders than it is possible for
pins or keys; hence its exceeding firmness. Mills put up by us in this
style cost the purchaser less money than it is possible for him to buy
the burrs, spindles, steps, lighter screws, steps, feed rigging, etc.,
complete, and then get his timber, hire hands, and build it himself.
After he finishes his husk, he will find, in addition to its costing him
more than if we should furnish it, he has not nearly as neat a husk, nor
one that looks like a finished piece of machinery. The entire timbers in
our Combined Husks are dressed and varnished. While it is together in
our shop, before taking apart for shipment, every piece is so marked as
to show plainly its place in putting up when it arrives at the mill.
Customers purchasing these husks, etc., complete, avoid the delay in
starting their mills that is necessarily connected with this when all is
made at the mill. At the mill, everything has to be done at a decided
disadvantage over doing it at a shop where there are tools and machinery
especially adapted for the work, and hands that are thoroughly
accustomed to doing it.
This style of Mill, with pulleys on the spindles, driven from an upright
shaft by belts with tightening pulleys on the slack side, makes the most
convenient, and at the same time, as durable and efficient a mill as can
be built. With this arrangement, any burr or burrs can be stopped or
started at pleasure, without disturbing the others. Where any changing
of burrs has to be done, as is the case in custom mills, this is an
important item, both for convenience and economy. It saves the time
that would be lost in stopping the entire machinery of the mill,
shifting the gearing, and again starting, which will always amount to
several minutes, by the time the burrs are again properly grinding. And,
further, belts do away with all liability to that jar and chatter that
always more or less accompanies gearing not kept in proper condition in
every respect, which is very seldom done. The belt gives to the burr a
very even, steady motion. Our experience is that these belt mills are as
easily and more _accurately_ kept in tram than geared mills with any
kind of gearing. This method of driving burrs is not only desirable for
custom mills, but is also well adapted for merchant mills. We think no
better or more satisfactory arrangement for driving either custom or
merchant burrs than this, is in use, and we have had experience with all
methods. We have over one hundred of this style of mills running, driven
by belts in this manner, and they are giving the most entire
satisfaction. Most of them are run by parties that have used various
other methods of driving their burrs. These all give this style a most
decided preference over any other method of driving. The cost is about
the same as gearing. We can now give parties interested, references to
mills of this same kind in most any of the middle and western States. Of
course we do not advocate this plan of driving burrs, nor this style of
husk for every case. There are a great many places where there is not
the necessary basement room, and parties do not wish to go to any more
expense than the usual short husk portable mill, and some situations
would require a geared mill all rigged and fitted up in the best manner.
In the engraving, Fig. 7, is shown one of these husks with two upper and
one under runner mill; the frame is not shown as heavy as we use for 42
inch and 4 feet stones; one of the lower belts is shown, the others in
dotted lines. The shelving for supporting the belt when the tightening
pulley is thrown back is not shown. Our adjustable tightening frame and
hinge is of superior advantage in stopping and starting either one or
all the burrs. They are operated by hand wheels from above in a very
simple and easy manner not shown in the cut. The precise slant and
position of this movable pulley is regulated by an improved hinge having
but three castings, a wrought iron rod, and three screw bolts, one of
them provided with two hexagon nuts to regulate the position in one
direction, while the plate to which the frame is hinged allow it to be
adjusted in another required direction. By keeping the pulley in the
proper position the belt raises from the shelving and touches nothing
but the pulleys when in motion. The excellence of this combined mill
arrangement, with the new features, is considered of great advantage,
and is highly commended by all of those using them.
[Illustration]
[Illustration: DOUBLE REEL BOLT.
Lower part of Elevator and Cooling Conveyor not shown; doors opening to
the reels on the opposite side of chest.]
DOUBLE REEL BOLT.
Where more bolting surface is required than there is in a single reel
bolt, we build them with two reels, in portable chests, and embodying
all the advantages and improvements of our single reel portable bolts.
We furnish with them the gearing, elevator, etc., complete and neatly
finished. They are built in sections for convenience in shipping and
handling. We build also three and four reel chests to order. We send
with these bolts all that is mentioned as being furnished with the
single reel bolts, except we send 48 feet of elevator belt and 36 cups.
Will state that while we are willing to furnish all the irons belonging
to our bolts at fair rates, with draft and specifications showing how to
make them, we advise our customers to have the complete bolt made here
and shipped with the other supplies of the mill. The mill and all by so
doing gives better satisfaction, besides a great saving in expense. We
have sent them South into Georgia; North into Northern Minnesota, and
West into Western Kansas and Nebraska. For such long distances we
recommend to have them taken apart and boxed as referred to under head
of “Single Reel Bolt.”
We make them of the following length of reel shafts, 16, 18, 20 and 22
feet; the chest and frame supporting the gearing at head makes each bolt
measure 2½ feet longer. They are all about 8 feet 7 inches high to
top of elevator.
Grinding and Flouring, and Capacity.
All should know that the most important item in converting wheat into
flour, is the _Grinding Mill_. Grain cannot be properly floured without
burrs of good quality, dressed expressly for the purpose. Although a
Miller of not much experience may sometimes make a pretty fair article
of flour, yet those having the most experience will always find
something to learn on this subject. It is best that the skill of an
expert Miller be employed to prepare the face and furrows of the burrs
and put them in order for grinding. Our mills, when properly dressed and
in order, make a quality and yield of flour unsurpassed by any other
mill, as the letters from our customers testify. Nevertheless, some of
our mills, run and managed by unskillful hands, are making a tolerable
article of flour, without much care to dress the burrs and keep in
order, and sometimes are run a long time without any dressing. In
grinding wheat, the burrs should be adjusted with precision, and should
always occupy the attention of the Miller. In grinding grists, some damp
and others dry, and of different qualities of wheat, the stones require
close attention. The runner should be raised slightly for damp wheat; if
not, the burrs are liable to heat the chop, and clog their grinding
surfaces. If allowed to run too close on dry wheat, the bran will be cut
and the flour made dark. These are common difficulties, but can be
avoided by a careful miller who wants to make a fine article of
merchantable flour, and good yield. The several qualities of wheat and
its conditions, as well as the particular quality of flour required to
meet the demand of any particular market, must be observed and
understood in order to determine the best mode of grinding.
AN IMPORTANT ITEM.--Be sure to keep the _furrows sufficiently deep_, and
_especially so for corn_, and see under heads of “Setting up and
Starting” and “Keeping in Order.” Burrs are apt to throw out unground
grain if run too slow, when, if the speed is increased, this difficulty
is obviated.
GRINDING CORN.--The dress is not that required for wheat. For corn, let
every part of the surface be sharp, and the _furrows cut deep_; thus,
with a high speed, the meal will not be heated. _When the meal is ground
hot, the stones are dull or the furrows not deep enough._ It requires
much more power to grind with dull stones or shallow furrows. Every
stroke with a sharp pick makes a great number of sharp cutting edges
upon French Burr, which cut easy, like a sharp tool in wood.
Be careful to keep the burrs well balanced and in tram. See observations
elsewhere under this head.
In reference to the capacity of our mill we will give our opinions from
the practical knowledge and experience we have had with them. Having a
number of water and steam mills of our entire make and completion near
our works and in our city, some having been built with special reference
to having all first-class, our opportunities have been good near at hand
for constant improvement. While much depends upon the power and
condition of grain, our mills are made of the kind of burr stone,
carefully selected, with furrows drafted and shaped in the most approved
style, that the greatest attainable results may be accomplished. Under
favorable circumstances our three feet mills have ground to make good
flour and yields 14 bushels per hour, which, when in moderate condition
as to sharpness, would do but 8 or 10 bushels. Our under-runner mills
average a greater capacity than the upper-runner kind.
The amount our mills and mill stones will grind to do it well, is as
great as that successfully obtained by any mill in existence, and always
has been entirely satisfactory, oftentimes astonishing old and
experienced millers. On one occasion two of our three feet upper-runner
mills with two single reel bolts have made 100 bbls. of merchantable
flour in 24 hours. With the larger sizes we could point to
proportionally greater results.
Our three and three and a half feet mills are often found grinding
faster than the four feet sizes of the old style of mills, at the same
time doing as good and better work. These are facts, and the reasons why
are simply because the stones are run at a greater speed, while the
furrows are shaped to avoid heating, and properly drafted to distribute
the grain evenly over the grinding surfaces. Also, much is owing to a
good selection of the burr stock of which the stones are made. We
conclude this subject by reference to some who have given us their
views, carefully expressed in writing, and here published for the
benefit of all those interested in milling.
Keeping in Order.
The face of the bed stone must be kept level and the spindle in perfect
tram with it. To tram, take off the hoop and runner stone, and if a
_Pulley Mill_, put on the belt the same as when grinding; then place on
the spindle a wooden arm with a hole in one end to fit tight on the
upper end of spindle, so that it will traverse the face of the bed
stone, having before made a small hole through the projecting end to
receive a quill or piece of whale-bone to trace the surface of the
bed-stone about two inches in from its skirt. On turning the spindle, it
can now be readily seen which way the step is to be moved in order to
throw the spindle in tram; if it is properly in tram, the quill will
traverse the bed-stone evenly around its face. To tram our _geared
mills_, the toe of the spindle must _not be moved out of line_ with the
shaft holding the driving gear wheel; the proper way is to tram it in
the bush, which is provided with suitable keys. However, when the toe of
the spindle or step is required to be moved length-ways of this shaft,
no bad results will follow, provided the cogs are all the time in proper
depth--even on their back or large end, and not too deep in gear. The
spindles of our mills are not apt to get out of tram, but in all mills
they should be closely watched and frequently tried in this particular.
When the _spindle is in perfect tram_, and the _runner in balance_, the
_burrs will not wear out of face_, but the reverse, they will naturally
_wear in face_. The followers should not be forced too hard against the
spindle by the wedges in the iron bush, as it will make the spindle
heat.
The space under the leather, on top of the bush, should be well supplied
with tallow rolled up in a woolen cloth and laid immediately around the
spindle. The oil cup in the bush should be supplied with good sperm or
lard oil every time the burrs are taken up. Place some candle-wick in
this cup, with one end against (_not around_) the spindle. This keeps
the spindle supplied with a continual flow of oil in addition to the
tallow. Oil the spindle step with good sperm or lard oil, clean out once
a month, and keep out dirt.