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|DISCLAIMER |
| |
|The articles published in the Annual Reports of the Northern Nut Growers|
|Association are the findings and thoughts solely of the authors and are |
|not to be construed as an endorsement by the Northern Nut Growers |
|Association, its board of directors, or its members. No endorsement is |
|intended for products mentioned, nor is criticism meant for products not|
|mentioned. The laws and recommendations for pesticide application may |
|have changed since the articles were written. It is always the pesticide|
|applicator's responsibility, by law, to read and follow all current |
|label directions for the specific pesticide being used. The discussion |
|of specific nut tree cultivars and of specific techniques to grow nut |
|trees that might have been successful in one area and at a particular |
|time is not a guarantee that similar results will occur elsewhere. |
| |
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NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION
REPORT
OF THE PROCEEDINGS AT THE
TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING
LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA
OCTOBER 6 AND 7, 1921
CONTENTS
Officers and Committees of the Association 5
State Vice-Presidents 6
Members of the Association 7
Constitution and By-Laws 13
Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Convention 17
Report of the Treasurer 23
Nut Trees for Public Places, Dr. R. T. Morris 25
Roadside Planting, Prof. A. K. Chittendon 36
Roadside Planting Legislation in Mich., Senator Henry A. Penny 40
Cultivation and Culture of the European Filbert,
James S. McGlennon 54
Report of the Committee on Uniform Bill for Roadside Planting,
T. P. Littlepage 59
Where May the Northern Pecan Be Expected to Bear,
Willard G. Bixby 63
Constitution and By-Laws Amended 71
Report of Nominating Committee, Secretary Olcott 75
Proceedings of The Tree Planting Ceremonies at Long's Park,
Lancaster County, Pa 77
A National Program for the Promotion of Nut Culture, Dean Watts 80
Appendix 84
OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION
_President_ JAMES S. MCGLENNON Rochester, New York
_Vice-President_ J. F. JONES Lancaster, Pennsylvania
_Secretary_ WILLIAM C. DEMING Danbury, Conn., R. 2
_Treasurer_ WILLARD G. BIXBY Baldwin, Nassau Co.,
New York
COMMITTEES
_Auditing_--C. P. CLOSE, C. A. REED
_Executive_--J. RUSSELL SMITH, W. S. LINTON AND THE OFFICERS
_Finance_--T. P. LITTLEPAGE, WILLARD G. BIXBY, W. C. DEMING
_Hybrids_--R. T. MORRIS, C. P. CLOSE, W. G. BIXBY, HOWARD SPENCE
_Membership_--JAMES S. MCGLENNON, H. R. WEBER, R. T. OLCOTT,
W. O. POTTER, W. G. BIXBY, W. C. DEMING
_Nomenclature_--C. A. REED, R. T. MORRIS, J. F. JONES
_Press and Publication_--R. T. OLCOTT, W. G. BIXBY, W. C. DEMING
_Programe_--JAMES S. MCGLENNON, W. C. DEMING, R. T. OLCOTT,
C. A. REED, R. T. MORRIS, W. G. BIXBY
_Promising Seedlings_--C. A. REED, J. F. JONES, W. G. BIXBY
STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS
Alabama H. M. Robertson 2026 1st Ave., Birmingham
Arkansas Prof. N. F. Drake University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
California T. C. Tucker 311 California St., San Francisco
Canada G. H. Corsan 63 Avenue Road, Toronto
China P. W. Wang, Kinsan Arboretum Chuking Kiangsu Province
Colorado C. L. Cudebec Boulder, Box 233
Connecticut Ernest M. Ives Sterling Orchards, Meriden
Dist of Columbia B. G. Foster 902 G. St., Washington
England Howard Spence Eskdale Knutsford Cheshire
Georgia A. S. Perry Cuthbert
Illinois E. A. Riehl Alton
Indiana J. F. Wilkinson Rockport
Iowa D. C. Snyder Center Point
Kansas James Sharp Council Grove
Kentucky Frank M. Livengood Berea
Maine Alice D. Leavitt 79 High St., Bridgton
Maryland P. J. O'Connor Bowie
Massachusetts C. Leroy Cleaver 496 Commonwealth Ave., Boston
Michigan Dr. J. H. Kellogg Battle Creek
Missouri P. C. Stark Louisiana
Nebraska William Caha Wahoo
New Hampshire Henry B. Stevens Durham
Nevada C. G. Swingle Hazen
New Jersey C. S. Ridgway Lumberton
New York Dr. G. J. Buist 3 Hancock St., Brooklyn
North Carolina Dr. Harvey P. Barrett 211 Vail Ave., Charlotte
Ohio Harry R. Weber 123 E. 6th St., Cincinnati
Oklahoma Dr. C. E. Beitman Skedee
Oregon Knight Pearcy Salem, R. F. D. 3, Box 187
Pennsylvania F. N. Fagan State College
South Carolina Prof. A. G. Shanklin Clemson College
Texas J. H. Burkett Clyde
Vermont F. C. Holbrook Brattleboro
Virginia John S. Parish University
Washington William Baines Okanogan
West Virginia Fred E. Brooks French Creek
Wisconsin Dr. G. W. Patchen Manitowoc
MEMBERS OF THE NORTHERN NUT GROWERS
ASSOCIATION
April, 1, 1922
ALABAMA
Robertson, H. M., 2026 1st Ave., Birmingham
ARIZONA
Heyne, Fred W., Douglas
ARKANSAS
*Drake, Prof. N. F., Fayetteville, Univ. of Arkansas
Dunn, D. K., Wynne
CALIFORNIA
Cajori, F. A., 1220 Byron St., Palo Alto
Cress, B. E., Tehachapi
Thorpe, Will J., 1545 Divisadero Street, San Francisco
Tucker, T. C., 311 California St., San Francisco
CANADA
Bell, Alex., Milliken, Ontario
Corsan, G. H., 513 Christie St., Toronto
Corcoran, William, Port Dalhousie, Box 26, Ontario
Haight, P. N., St. Thomas, Canada
CHINA
Kinsan Arboretum, Chuking, Kiangsu Province, P. W. Wang Secy.
COLORADO
Bennett, L. E., Cory
Butterbaugh, Dr. W. S., Engleburg, Las Animas Co.
Cudebec, C. L., Boulder, Box 233
Hartman, Richard, Kremmling
CONNECTICUT
Barrows, Paul M., Stanford, R. F. D. No. 30
Bartlett, Francis A., Stanford
Benedict, Samuel L., 98 South Main St., So. Norwalk
Bielefield, F. J., Middleton, South Farms
Bradley, Smith T., New Haven, Grand Ave.
Craig, Joseph A., 783 Washington Ave., West Haven
Deming, Dr. W. C., Hartford, 983 Main St.
Glover, James L., Shelton, R. F. D. No. 7
Hilliard, H. J., South View
Hungerford, Newman, Torrington, R. F. D. No. 2, Box 76
Ives, E. M., Meriden, Sterling Orchards
Lewis, Henry Leroy, Stratford, 1822 Main St.
*Morris Dr. R. T. Cos Cob Route 28, Box 95
Pomeroy, Eleazer, 120 Bloomfield Ave., Windsor
Sessions, Albert L., Bristol, 25 Bellevue Ave.
Southworth, George E., Milford, Box 176
Staunton, Gray, 320 Howard Ave., New Haven
White, Gerrard, North Granby
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Beatty, Wilbur M. L., 4027 Georgia Ave., Washington
Close, C. P. Prof., Pomologist Dept. of Agriculture, Wash.
Foster, B. G., Washington, 902 G. St., N. W.
*Littlepage, T. P., Union Trust Building, Washington
Reed, C. A., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington
**Van Fleet, Walter, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington
ENGLAND
Spence, Howard, Eskdale, Knutsford, Cheshire
GEORGIA
Bullard, William P., Albany
Patterson, J. M., Putney
Perry, A. S., Cuthbert
Steele, R. C., Lakemont, Rabun Co.
Wight, J. B., Cairo
ILLINOIS
Buckman, Benj., Farmingdale
Casper, O. H., Anna
Heide, John F. H., 500 Oakwood Blvd., Chicago
Illinois, University of, Urbana (Librarian)
Hon. W. A. Potter, Marion
Harry J. Rickelman, Weed Bldg., Effingham
Reihl, E. A., Godfrey, Route 2
Shaw, James B., Urbana, Box 143, Univ. Sta.
Swisher, S. L., Mulkeytown
Sundstrand, Mrs. G. D., 916 Garfield Ave., Rockford
Wells, Oscar, Farina
INDIANA
Crain, Donald J., 1313 North St., Logansport
Jackson, Francis M., 122 N. Main St., South Bend
Reed, W. C., Vincennes
Redmon, Felix, Rockport, R. R. 2, Box 32
Rowell, Mrs. George P., 219 North 5th St., Goshen
Simpson, H. D., Vincennes
Staderman, A. L., 120 South 7th St., Terre Haute
Wilkinson, J. F., Rockport
IOWA
Bricker, C. W., Ladora
Finnell, J. F. C., Hamburg
Pfeiffer, W. F., Fayette
Skromme, L. J. (Skromme Seed Company), Roland
Snyder, D. C., Center Point
Snyder, S. W., Center Point
KANSAS
Bishop, S. L., Conway Springs
Gray, Dr. Clyde, Horton
Sharpe, James, Council Grove
KENTUCKY
Baker, Sam C., Beaver Dam, R. D. No. 2
Livengood, Frank M., Berea
MAINE
Leavitt, Mrs. Alice D., 79 High St., Brighton
MARYLAND
Auchter, E. C., College Park
Littlepage, Miss Louise, Bowie
Keenan, Dr. John F., Brentwood
O'Connor, P. J., Bowie
MASSACHUSETTS
*Bowditch, James H., 903 Tremont Bldg., Boston
Cleaver, C. Leroy, Hingham Center
Jackson, Arthur H., 63 Fayerweather St., Cambridge
Mass. Agriculture College, Library of, Amherst
Scudder, Dr. Charles L., 209 Beacon St., Boston
MICHIGAN
Beck, J. P., 25 James, Saginaw
Charles, Dr. Elmer, Pontiac
Cross, John L., 104 Division St., Bangor
Graves, Henry B., 2134 Dime Bank Bldg., Detroit
Guild, Stacy R., 562 So. 7th St., Ann Arbor
Hartig, G. F., Bridgeman, R. F. D. No. 1
Henshall, H., 527 Harper St., Detroit
House, George W., Ford Bldg., Detroit
Kellogg, Dr. J. H., Battle Creek, 202 Manchester St.
*Linton, W. S., Saginaw, Pres. Board of Trade
Mac Nab, Dr. Alex B., Cassopolis
McKale, H. B., Lansing, Route 6
Olson, A. E., Holton
Penny, Harvey A., Saginaw, 425 So. Jefferson Ave.
Smith, Edward J., 85 So. Union St., Battle Creek
MISSISSIPPI
Bechtel, Theo., Ocean Springs
MISSOURI
Crosby, Miss Jessie M., 4241 Harrison St., Kansas City
Hazen, Josiah J., (Neosho Nurseries Co.) Neosho
Rhodes, J. I., 224 Maple St., Neosho
Spellen, Howard P., 4505a W. Papin St., St. Louis
Stark, P. C., Louisiana
NEBRASKA
Caha, William, Wahoo
Thomas, Dr. W. A., Lincoln
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Stevens, Henry B., N. H. College of Agriculture, Durham
NEVADA
Swingle, C. G., Hazen
NEW JERSEY
Brown, Jacob S., Elmer, Salem Co.
*Jaques, Lee W., 74 Waverly St., Jersey City
Landmann, Miss M. V. Cranbury, R. D. No. 2
Marshall, S. L., Vineland
Marston, Edwin S., Florham Park, Box 72
Phillips, Irving S., 501 Madison St., West New York
Price, John R., 36 Ridgdale Ave., Madison
Ridgeway, C. S., Lumberton
Salvage, W. K., Farmingdale
Westcoat Wilmer, 230 Knight Ave., Collingswood
NEW YORK
Abbott, Frederick B., 1211 Tabor Court, Brooklyn
Adams, Sidney I., 418 Powers Bldg., Rochester
Ashworth, Fred L., Heuvelton
Babcock, H. J., Lockport
Bixby, Willard G., 32 Grand Ave., Baldwin, L. I.
Borchers, H. Chas., Wenga Farm, Armonk
Brown, Ronold K., 320 Broadway, New York City
Buist, Dr. G. J., 3 Hancock St., Brooklyn
Clark, George H., 131 State St., Rochester
Crane, Alfred J., Monroe
Coriell, A. S., 120 Broadway, New York City
Diprose, Alfred H., 468 Clinton Ave., South, Rochester
Ellwanger, Mrs. W. D., 510 East Ave., Rochester
Gager, Dr. C. Stewart, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn
Gillet, Dr. Henry W., 140 W. 57th St., New York City
Goeltz, Mrs. M. H., 2524 Creston Ave., New York City
Graham, S. H., R. D. 5, Ithaca
Hall, L. W., Jr., 509 Cutler Bldg., Rochester (L. W. Hall Co., Inc.)
Harper, George W., Jr., 115 Broadway, New York City
Hodge, James, 199 Kingsbridge Road West, Kingsbridge, N. Y. C.
Hodgson, Casper W., Yonkers, (World Book Co.)
Hoffman, Arthur S., 26 Church St., White Plains
Kains, M. G., Pomona
Jewett, Edmund G., 16 Elliott Place, Brooklyn
Johnson, Harriet, M. B., 15th & 4th Ave., New York City
*Huntington, A. M., 15 W. 81st St., New York City
MacDaniel, S. H., Dept. of Pomology, New York State College of
Agriculture, Ithaca
McGlennon, J. S., 528 Cutler Building, Rochester
Meyers, Charles, 316 Adelphi St., Brooklyn
Olcott, Ralph T. (Editor American Nut Journal), Ellwanger and Barry
Building, Rochester
Pomeroy, A. C., Lockport
Richardson, J. M., 2 Columbus Circle, New York City
Ritchie, John W., Yonkers, 2 A Beach Street
Ryder, Clayton, Carmel
Stephen, John W., Syracuse, New York State College of Forestry
Solley, Dr. John B., 968 Lexington Ave., New York City
Teele, Arthur W., 120 Broadway, New York City
Vollertsen, Conrad, 375 Gregory St., Rochester
Wetmore, W. J., Elmira
Whitney, Arthur C., 9 Manila St., Rochester
Whitney, Leon F., 65 Barclay St., New York City
Wile, M. E., 955 Harvard St., Rochester
Williams, Dr. Chas. Mallory, 4 W. 50th St., New York City
*Wisman, Mrs. F. de R. Westchester, New York City
NORTH CAROLINA
Hutchings, Miss L. G., Pine Bluff
C. W. Matthews, North Carolina Dept. of Agriculture, Raleigh
Van Lindley, J., (J. Van Lindley Nursery Co.), Pomona
OHIO
Burton, J. Howard, Casstown
Dayton, J. H., (Storrs & Harrison), Painesville
Fickes, W. R., Wooster, R. No. 6
Jackson, A. V., 3275 Linwood Rd., Cincinnati
Ketchem, C. S., Middlefield Box 981
Pomerene Julius, 1914 East 116th St., Cleveland
Ramsey, John, 1803 Freeman Ave., Cincinnati
Truman, G. G., Perrysville, Box 167
*Weber, Harry R., Cincinnati, 123 East 6th St.
Yunck, Edward G., 706 Central Ave., Sandusky
OKLAHOMA
Beitmen, C. E., Dr., Skedee
OREGON
Marvin, Cornelia, Oregon State Library, Salem
Nelson, W. W., R. 3, Box 652, Portland
Pearcy, Knight, 210 Oregon Building, Salem
PENNSYLVANIA
Althouse, C. Scott, 820 North 5th St., Reading
Balthaser, James M., Wernersville, Berks Co.
Bohn, Dr. H. W., 34 No. 9th St., Reading
Bolton, Charles G., Zieglerville
Bomberger, John S., Lebanon, R. F. D. No. 1
Chapin, Irvin, Shickshinny
Clark, D. F., 147 N. 13th St., Harrisburg
Druckemiller, W. H., Sunbury
Fagan, Prof. F. N., State College
Fritz, Ammon P., 35 E. Franklin St., Ephrata
Heffner, H., Leeper
Hess, Elam G., Manhein
Hile, Anthony, Curwensville
Irwin, Ernest C., 66 St. Nicholas Bldg., Pittsburg
Jenkins, Charles Francis, Philadelphia--Farm Journal
*Jones, J. F., Lancaster, Box 527
Kaufman, M. M., Clarion
Leas, F. C., Merion Station
Mellor, Alfred, 152 W. Walnut Lane, Germantown, Philadelphia
Minick, C. G., Ridgway
Murphy, P. J., Scranton, Vice-Pres. L. & W. R. R. Co.
Myers, J. Everitt, R. D. No. 3, York Springs
Neagley, C. H., Greencastle, R. D. No. 2
Patterson, J. E., 77 North Franklin St., Wilkes Barre
*Rick, John, 438 Pennsylvania Square, Reading
Rittenhouse, Dr. J. F. S., Lorane
Robinson, W. I., Fort Loudon
Rose, William J., 413 Market St., Harrisburg "Personal"
Rush, J. G., West Willow
Russell, Dr. Andrew L., 729 Wabash Bldg., Pittsburgh
Shoemaker, H. C., 1739 Main St., Northampton
Smedley, Samuel L., Newton Square, R. F. D. No. 1
Smith Dr. J. Russell, Swarthmore
*Sober, C. K. Col., Lewisburg
Spencer, L. N., 216 East New St., Lancaster
Taylor, Lowndes, West Chester, Box 3, Route 1
Walter, R. G., Willow Grove, Doylestown Pike
Weaver, William S., McCungie
Wilhelm, Dr. Edward A., Clarion
*Wister, John C., Wister St. & Clarkson Ave., Germantown
SOUTH CAROLINA
Shanklin, A. G., Prof., Clemson College
Kendall, Dr. F. D., 1317 Hampton Ave., Columbus
TENNESSEE
Waite, J. W., Normandy
VERMONT
Aldrich, A. W., Springfield, R. F. D. No. 3
Holbrook, F. C., Battleboro
VIRGINIA
Harris, D. C., Capital Landing Road, Williamsburg
Jordan, J. H., Bohannon
Parrish, John S., Charlottesville, Route No. 4
Roper, W. N., Petersburg
WASHINGTON
Baines, William, Okanogan
Turk, Richard H., Washougal
WEST VIRGINIA
Brooks, Fred E., French Creek
Cannaday, Dr. J. E., Charleston, Box 693
Hartzel, B. F., Shepherdstown
Mish, A. F., Inwood
WISCONSIN
Lang, Robert B., Racine, Box 103
Patchen, Dr. G. W., Manitowoc
* Life Member
** Honorary Member
CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE I
_Name._ This society shall be known as the NORTHERN NUT GROWERS
ASSOCIATION.
ARTICLE II
_Object._ Its object shall be the promotion of interest in nut-bearing
plants, their products and their culture.
ARTICLE III
_Membership._ Membership in the society shall be open to all persons who
desire to further nut culture, without reference to place of residence
or nationality, subject to the rules and regulations of the committee on
membership.
ARTICLE IV
_Officers._ There shall be a president, a vice-president, a secretary
and a treasurer, who shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting;
and an executive committee of six persons, of which the president, the
two last retiring presidents, the vice-president, the secretary and the
treasurer shall be members. There shall be a state vice-president from
each state, dependency, or country represented in the membership of the
association, who shall be appointed by the president.
ARTICLE V
_Election of Officers._ A committee of five members shall be elected at
the annual meeting for the purpose of nominating officers for the
following year.
ARTICLE VI
_Meetings._ The place and time of the annual meeting shall be selected
by the membership in session or, in the event of no selection being made
at this time, the executive committee shall choose the place and time
for the holding of the annual convention. Such other meetings as may
seem desirable may be called by the president and executive committee.
ARTICLE VII
_Quorum._ Ten members of the association shall constitute a quorum, but
must include two of the four elected officers.
ARTICLE VIII
_Amendments._ This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of
the members present at any annual meeting, notice of such amendment
having been read at the previous annual meeting, or a copy of the
proposed amendment having been mailed by any member to each member
thirty days before the date of the annual meeting.
BY-LAWS
ARTICLE I
_Committees._ The association shall appoint standing committees as
follows: On membership, on finance, on programme, on press and
publication, on nomenclature, on promising seedlings, on hybrids, and an
auditing committee. The committee on membership may make recommendations
to the association as to the discipline or expulsion of any member.
ARTICLE II
_Fees._ Annual members shall pay two dollars annually, or three dollars
and twenty-five cents, including a year's subscription to the American
Nut Journal. Contributing members shall pay five dollars annually, this
membership including a year's subscription to the American Nut Journal.
Life members shall make one payment of fifty dollars, and shall be
exempt from further dues. Honorary members shall be exempt from dues.
ARTICLE III
_Membership._ All annual memberships shall begin either with the first
day of the calendar quarter following the date of joining the
Association, or with the first day of the calendar quarter preceding
that date as may be arranged between the new member and the Treasurer.
ARTICLE IV
_Amendments._ By-laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of members
present at any annual meeting.
PROCEEDINGS AT THE
TWELFTH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION
LANCASTER, PA.
OCTOBER 6 AND 7, 1921
The Convention was called to order at 10 a. m. Thursday, October 6,
1921, by the President, Hon. William S. Linton, of Saginaw, Michigan, in
the convention hall of the Brunswick Hotel, Lancaster, Pa.
THE PRESIDENT: It certainly is a pleasure and a privilege for
us to meet in the prosperous and historic Pennsylvania City of
Lancaster. I am sure that we will have a successful meeting, and I am
certain also that during the past year progress has been made in our
work which when read into the records will show that we have
accomplished material good. Without further preliminary remarks, and
with the statement that my address or report will come later during the
session, we will proceed immediately with our programme.
I have the honor to call upon the representative of the Mayor of
Lancaster, Oliver S. Schaeffer, for the welcoming address.
OLIVER S. SCHAEFFER, ESQ.: Mr. President, Members of the
Northern Nut Growers' Association, Friends and Guests: On behalf of the
Mayor and the people of Lancaster I extend to you their greetings and
bid you a most hearty and cordial welcome.
We feel honored that you have selected for the second time this city for
the holding of your convention. Your esteemed president referred to
Lancaster City as an historic city, and no doubt all of you know that
Lancaster is frequently called the garden spot of the world.
Historically Lancaster City was the capital of Pennsylvania for
thirty-three years, I think from 1779 to 1812. During the Revolutionary
War when the British troops occupied Philadelphia the Continental
Congress met here for a while in a building that formerly stood at
Center Square where you now see the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument.
I was talking to your secretary a few minutes in the hotel lobby this
morning and he told me that while some of you were in the nut business
with a majority of you it was a hobby. That is the altruistic spirit
that counts in these days when most of us look upon things in a
materialistic way.
There was a time when I thought that most nuts came from Brazil, but I
am glad to learn that we grow the nuts we eat here in the good old U. S.
A., and some right here in Pennsylvania and in Lancaster County.
I cannot help but think of the chestnut blight that has worked havoc
throughout our state and some other states. It has occasioned a big
material loss. Yet I think too of another side of the loss and that is
the spiritual side because our "chestnut parties" are now becoming a
past memory. It is up to men like you to retrieve that loss and to bring
back to our youth the chance of experiencing that innocent pleasure the
gathering of chestnuts.
As I look into your faces here this morning (and while you are not
numerous you make up in quality what you lack in quantity), I cannot
help but congratulate you on showing the spirit that means progress. I
cannot help but feel also that you are optimists, and they are what we
need at the present time.
I will not trespass upon your time any longer. I again bid you a most
warm welcome to our city and on behalf of the Mayor hand you the
symbolic key of this city to enable you to go where you please.
THE PRESIDENT: Working with us unselfishly for the past two or
three years has been a Michigan man who has had in mind the benefit of
his locality, the State of Michigan and the United States. It was his
privilege to introduce the first bill into a state legislature that
became a law making it obligatory upon state authorities to plant useful
trees along the roadside throughout the entire state that he represented
so well in the Senate. I take pleasure in calling upon that member to
respond to the eloquent words of the Mayor's representative. I would ask
Senator Penney to reply to Mr. Schaeffer.
HON. HARVEY A. PENNEY: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of this
Convention, and Mr. Mayor: We all appreciate this warm and hospitable
greeting. Some of us are a long way from home. Mr. Linton, and I come
from a town somewhat the size of this. We have about sixty-five thousand
people, a large and growing city with a lot of prosperous and very
wealthy men in it. We feel that in coming here we are coming to a city
something like our own. We have been very much impressed with your city
since we have been here. I am glad to see that colonial spirit, the
spirit of '76, which permeates your people here. Up in Saginaw, of
course, we do not have the same things to remind us of the past that you
have. You have your monuments and those things that call your attention
continually to it; but I am sure that our people are as patriotic as
your people. However, I think that the spirit of '76 which still
permeates the East helps to keep the whole country in line for the
patriotic upholding of our governmental institutions.
While most of the men here are interested especially in the scientific
investigation and promotion of the nut industry, my friend Mr. Linton
and I have been more particularly interested in road-side planting.
Along with the promotion and building of good highways we fell into the
idea of beautifying those highways. At the time the people in the East
were having their trouble in the colonial days, the revolutionary days,
our town was unheard of. It was simply way back in the forest and the
wilderness and it was not until very early in this past century that
Saginaw was even thought of. Mr. Linton and I talked last night about
different things connected with the history of our country and we spoke
of De Tocqueville, the great French traveler and explorer who came to
America way back in 1831. He wished to go into the wilds of this country
and see for himself what was here. He went to Buffalo and crossed the
lakes to Detroit. Detroit was then a city of about two thousand
inhabitants. And then he had the desire to go up into the wilds where
nothing but wild animals and wild people lived; so he went up on a trail
that led to what is now Pontiac perhaps thirty or forty miles northwest
of Saginaw; that was about the end of the trail. There were one or two
settlers who lived there. He picked up a couple of Indian guides and
started through the trackless forest, sixty or seventy miles up through
the northwest to what is now Saginaw. He had his desire fully satisfied.
He was eaten up by mosquitoes and rattlesnakes in the swamps and
marshes; he could not sleep nor anything else; so he came back. That was
away back in 1831, fifty years or more after your people were fighting
and struggling for the liberty of this country.
I wish to say in closing that we all highly appreciate the welcome that
has been extended to us on behalf of the Mayor of this fine city.
THE PRESIDENT: Next on the program will come the report of the
secretary.
THE SECRETARY: I regret the smallness of the secretary's
accomplishment for the past year. Except for the editing of the annual
report--which is much a matter of cutting out superfluous words--and the
effort to get speakers for this convention, he has attempted very
little.
This is not, however, for lack of things that could and should have been
done. An energetic campaign for new members is the most obvious
desideratum. The committee to prepare and issue a bulletin on the
roadside planting of nut trees, arranged to give information for every
part of the country, has been innocuous as well as useless. Perhaps this
meeting will afford stimulus and material enough to get it to work.
I think that few of the members realize how the inactivity of the
secretary has been more than made up for by the industry of the
treasurer. Perhaps they are reciprocally cause and consequence. Not only
has the treasurer discharged the usual duties of that office but he has
also attended to most of the correspondence and clerical work. He has
conducted the nut contests which, under his management, have developed
to formidable proportions requiring immense expenditure of time and
effort.
These nut contests have now become so widely known as to return us a
good idea of what we may expect of the native nuts of the country.
Undoubtedly we have not yet found the best nuts that this country
produces, except perhaps in the case of the pecan. But Mr. Bixby's
labors, continuing the work begun by Dr. Morris, have reached such
results that I think he will be willing to say that we have nearly
reached the limit of natural excellence in the nuts already discovered.
In fact it seems to me that we have reached the point where further
improvement in nuts for cultivation is to be looked for especially from
purposeful hybridizing by man. It should be another of the chief aims of
this association to induce self-perpetuating institutions to get
together the material necessary for such work. Such material already
exists in incomplete form--incomplete, that is, especially in
horticultural varieties--as in the Arnold Arboretum and in the Public
Park at Rochester. The Arnold Arboretum, through our treasurer's
efforts, has agreed to give more attention to nut growing and breeding.
The St. Louis Botanical Garden and the Brooklyn Botanical Garden,
through the efforts and generosity of Mr. Bixby and Mr. Jones, have made
special plantings of horticultural varieties, and this summer the New
York Botanical Garden was induced to set out a number of grafted and
seedling nut trees given by Mr. Jones, Mr. Bixby, Mr. W. C. Reed, the
McCoy Nut Nurseries and others.
But unless this association can keep their interest alive it is likely
that some of these institutional plantings will be neglected, especially
as regards the highest development of their possibilities. In one
botanical garden visited this summer the casual nut tree plantings
running back thirty years have been entirely neglected and the trees are
stunted almost to extinction. I hope that our members will lose no
opportunity to visit these institutions and ask to see the nut tree
plantings. One or two such visits in a year will help to keep our wards
in the institutional mind.
We cannot expect from these gardens, at present at least, interest in
breeding experiments. That is more properly a function of agricultural
experiment stations. These are so short manned and short funded, so
absorbed in problems offering quicker results, that it is difficult to
get them even to consider nut growing. I do not recall a single
experiment station in the country where any nut breeding experiments are
being conducted. A few manifest a little interest in planting
horticultural varieties but the only breeding experiments that I know
of, or at this moment recall, are those of Dr. Morris, Dr. Van Fleet,
Mr. Forkert and Mr. Jones. All of these experimenters have produced
results that more than indicate great possibilities.
Therefore I think that more of the energy of this association should be
expended in influencing the self perpetuating horticultural institutions
to see the importance of nut culture.
Attention should be called also to our treasurer's initiative,
perseverance and industry in issuing Bulletin No. 5 on Nut Culture, in
improving and reprinting our accredited list of nut nurserymen, in
visiting, photographing and describing many of our important parent nut
trees, in securing and distributing scions, in promoting experimental
topworking of native nut trees in promising localities, in developing a
varietal and experimental nut orchard which in time will be second to
none in these respects, and in many other promotions of the objects of
our association, unsparingly of his energy and his means.
It is curious that the biggest development in nut tree planting, for
which we are responsible apparently, and practically the only
considerable development of the roadside planting of nut trees, about
which we have been talking so much, is on the other side of the earth,
in China, where Mr. Wang, one of our members, and associated with the
Kinsan Arboretum, is planting along the new model highway from Shanghai
to Hangkow, a ton of black walnuts bought in this country and shipped to
him through Mr. Bixby.
Two public horticultural institutions in Canada have written me about
making nut plantings.
We seem, perhaps, in this land, too busy making what we call wealth, and
armaments to protect it, too busy to give attention to the food supply
of the future race.
To summarise, the association may feel that its purpose as originally
stated, and never changed, "The Promotion of Interest in Nut Bearing
Plants, their Products and their Culture," has been furthered
consistently though results are slow. For the future we should work, 1.
For a greater membership. 2. To stimulate interest in horticultural
institutions, especially in nut breeding. 3. To give definite
information that will encourage nut tree planting for profit by
individuals. 4. To promote roadside, memorial and public place planting
of nut trees. 5. To discover still more of our valuable native nut trees
through our prize contests.
Mr. C. A. Reed has made a suggestion which I will lay before you and
which may be considered at a later hour. He suggests that it might be
better to have our conventions once in two years, every other one to be
held in Washington.
This is so radical a proposal that it should have prolonged
consideration before adoption.
The affairs of the association are not getting from the secretary the
attention they deserve and he does not foresee better attention in the
future. He wishes that some more active person could be found for the
place and would be very glad to have the association elect another
secretary.
THE PRESIDENT: The secretary's report will be received and
filed with the proceedings. Are there any remarks in connection
therewith?
Personally, I wish to endorse emphatically what the secretary has said
relative to Treasurer Bixby who has worked early and late and has
promoted the affairs of this association to a very great degree. His
work is along practical lines and brings results.
The secretary finds fault with himself. No member of the association
endorses that particular phase of his paper because his work has been
good, he has had the best interests of the association at heart at all
times--that I personally know--and I sincerely hope that he may change
his mind relative to his successor.
We will now listen to the report of Treasurer Bixby.
NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION
In account with
WILLARD G. BIXBY, TREASURER
RECEIPTS
Balance on hand Oct. 1, 1921: | | | |
Special Hickory Price, $25.00; Life | | | |
Membership, $25.00; for Regular | | | |
Expenses, $25.26 | | | |$ 75.26
From Annual members including joint | | | |
subscriptions to American Nut | | | |
Journal |$199.50|$ 423.58|$ 623.08|
Reports | 5.50| 7.50| 13.00|
Contribution for prizes | 54.00| 15.00| 69.00|
Contribution to meet expenses | | 602.50| 602.50|
Bulletin No. 5 | 12.73| 60.94| 73.67|
Cash discount on bills paid | .48| | .48|
Postage returned | | .10| .10|
Advertising in Report | | 5.00| 5.00|
Life Membership P. W. Wang | | 20.00| 20.00|
Funds Received for transmission to | | | |
other parties | | 1.00| 1.00|
Salary check returned by Secretary | | 50.00| 50.00|
|_______|_________|_________|_________
|$272.21|$1,185.62|$1,457.83|$1,457.83
Deficit October 1, 1921: | | | |
Balance Special Hickory prize |$ 25.00| | |
Life Membership | 45.00| | |
Deficit for regular expenses[A] | 246.07| | | 176.07
|_______| | |_________
Net deficit | | | | 1,709.16
EXPENDITURES
American Nut Journal, their portion | | | |
of joint subscriptions |$ 64.00|$1 99.65|$ 263.65|
1920 Convention | 85.00| | 85.00|
Printing Bulletin No. 5 | | 62.50| 62.50|
Stationery, Printing & Supplies | 50.55| 91.01| 141.56|
Postage, Express, etc. | 36.60| 75.78| 112.38|
Prizes 1919 Nut Contest | 128.00| | 128.00|
Advertising 1920 Nut Contest | 52.08| | 52.08|
Printing Report 10th Meeting | 69.09| 400.05| 469.14|
Printing Report 11th Meeting | | 341.85| 341.85|
Funds received for Transmission to | | | |
other parties | | 3.00| 3.00|
Salary Secretary | 50.00| | 50.00|
|_______|_________|_________|_________
|$535.32|$1,173.84|$1,709.16|$1,709.16
Forty-seven new members have joined the Association since the last
report, making 523 since organization, of which we have 221, making 302
who have resigned or otherwise dropped out. It will be noticed that the
number of members received last year, 47, is less than the number
reported a year ago, 66. This in the judgment of the Treasurer is
entirely due to the less amount of energy expended for a smaller
proportion of members have dropped out than a year ago. While the
gaining of members is not particularly easy it can be done and the
number gained to quite an extent is in proportion to the energy put on
it.
The finances of the Association this year are in a more troublesome
situation than any year since the undersigned had charge. Two reports
each at double normal cost each is quite enough to cause it. An
inspection of the Treasurer's accounts have made it evident that during
no year in the history of the Association have the dues received been
equal to the cost of carrying on the Association. Each year some members
interested have contributed in addition to paying dues. During the year
past these sums have been considerable. It is believed that with only
one report a year there will be only normal difficulty in handling the
finances of the Association. The orderly conduct of the finances of the
Association makes it very desirable that normal receipts of dues take
care of normal expenditures with a little margin for contingencies. The
matter of classes of membership would seemingly help on this. The
treasurer would not recommend changing the annual membership from its
present figures, $2.00, but would suggest that this meeting consider
making a class of contributing members at $5.00 per year including the
American Nut Journal. This would give the Association double the income
from each such member that it now gets for most members accept the
combination offer of membership in the Association and subscription to
the American Nut Journal at $3.25 for both which nets the Association
$1.75 per year.
Respectfully submitted,
Sept. 30, 1921. WILLARD G. BIXBY.
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Bixby is certainly a first class treasurer.
He makes a recommendation in his report. Do you desire to act upon it at
this time? I refer to his recommendation relative to a new class of
membership. It is a first class suggestion and a motion covering it
would be in order.
THE SECRETARY: I move that a committee of three be appointed
by the president to consider the recommendation of the treasurer
relative to different classes of membership and to report at this
meeting.
MR. A. C. POMEROY: I second the motion.
The motion was carried.
THE PRESIDENT: I will appoint as that committee the treasurer,
Mr. Bixby, the secretary, Dr. Deming, and Mr. R. T. Olcott.
Mr. Reed, the chairman of the committee on road-side planting, is in
California, and unable to be with us at this session. If a report is to
come from that committee it must necessarily come from some other
member, so we will defer action on that particular report at this time.
We also regret the absence of Dr. Morris the first president of the
association. He is unable to be with us at this meeting but he has
forwarded a paper and unless there are objections we will receive it at
this time and have it read by the secretary.
NUT TREES FOR PUBLIC PLACES
DR. ROBERT T. MORRIS, NEW YORK
The question of the planting of nut trees along highways and in parks
and other public grounds falls into classification under two separate
and distinct heads. First, the abstract proposition of planting useful
trees upon ground which is not usefully occupied otherwise. Second, the
reaction of human nature to the different phases of the proposition. The
latter part is the larger part of the question, otherwise the work would
already have been done.
Let us take up the smaller part of the question first. Nut trees which
are indigenous to any locality, or allied species from other countries
having similar soil and climatic conditions, will grow and thrive on
public grounds quite as well as upon private property. They will be as
beautiful and as useful upon public grounds as they are upon private
property, speaking in a large way, although disposal of their products
will go along different channels perhaps. Nut trees of various species
will be quite as beautiful and distinctly more useful than any of the
other trees that are commonly selected for planting upon public grounds.
Because of the inclusion of the economic factor the question as to
whether nut trees may well supplant the kinds of trees commonly selected
is not a debatable question.
Let us leave this part of the subject however and take up question
number two, relating to the human nature side. A little examination into
this phase of the matter will disclose reasons why nut trees are not
already along our highways and in parks and other public grounds. The
supplying of trees on a large scale for such a purpose is commonly done
by contract with nurserymen. Nurserymen find it more profitable to raise
certain kinds of trees instead of other kinds. Nurserymen are prone to
raise kinds which are most profitable. Public officials who are making
contracts sometimes look for perquisites. These include acceptance from
nurserymen of bonuses for letting the contract. Here then we have at the
very outset of the problem two large obstacles to the purchase of nut
trees for public places. The carrying forward of any large project of
this sort means reliance upon someone with legislative resources. In my
experience legislators are commonly keen to approve of any project which
will render public service when they are fully convinced of that fact.
If not fully convinced of that fact and reserving the feeling that
private interests are being served they wait until somebody who knows
how to see the legislator has seen him. Another phase of the question
relates to the attitude of the people toward public property in a
so-called free country. People are prone to take anything that they
please from anything which is so impersonal as a country. Nut trees
planted in public places would have their crops carried off by every
passer by to such an extent that revenue for the upkeep of the trees
would be difficult to obtain. In some of the European countries this
obstacle has not been insurmountable. There are many villages in Europe
in which privately owned fields are not even fenced and fruit and nut
trees growing for the benefit of the village are left untouched by the
passer by in this older civilization. A man would no more think of
taking what belonged to the town than he would think of taking property
from the storehouse of a neighbor. In this country we have not yet
arrived at that point in civilization. The distinction between _meum_
and _tuum_ in a free country is sometimes blurred.
What are we to do about this whole question? That is the practical
point. Change human nature and educate the public. In towns belonging to
our system of government there is some question if the public would ever
allow nut trees to bring revenue sufficient for their upkeep and to
yield a profit for the town. On the other hand, by means of education
the public may come to desire the planting of nut trees along the
highways and in other public places to the extent that it will submit to
taxation for the purpose. The public planting of nut trees belongs to
progress. If we are to remain boastful of progress in this country the
question will gradually be developed in a practical way.
THE PRESIDENT: You have heard the reading of Dr. Morris's
paper. Are there any remarks thereon or any discussion?
MR. A. C. POMEROY: Some years ago there was objection raised at
Los Angeles to the use of sewage water for irrigating purposes in
raising tomatoes and other vegetables. The city then bought the property
and set out orchards of English walnuts. I understand that they are
growing and that the revenue goes to the city of Los Angeles.
As to the road-side planting of nut trees in Europe, to which Dr. Morris
refers, the very first battle fought in the great world war when the
Belgians were resisting the Germans was along where there were thirty
miles of English walnut trees on both sides of a highway. I understood
that every tree was demolished. I think our secretary or treasurer could
find out about the Los Angeles park and the nut trees.
As to monument trees, about twelve or fifteen years ago, at my home, I
set out a grove in our cemetery in memory of my father and it is doing
fine. It seemed quite appropriate for he took such an interest in nut
growing.
THE SECRETARY: I would like to speak a word in defense of our
American civilization, as evidenced by something that Mr. Bixby and I
saw this summer at Lockport, New York. We observed that one of the main
highways leading from the town of Lockport to one of the principal
lakeside resorts, was unfenced, lined with fruit trees on both
sides--cherry trees which overhung the sidewalk. The sides of the road
also were planted with tomatoes and other vegetables apparently
unharmed. The trees certainly did not show any evidence of injury from
depredations. Whether the products of the trees were taken or not I do
not know but they still had fruit on them. Possibly those who live in
that neighborhood--Mr. Olcott and Mr. Pomeroy--could tell us more in
defense of American civilization as to depredations on road-side
property.
MR. POMEROY: There are some people--what do you call them--dung
hills--in this world, and I have had a little trouble with them but not
much. They run around in automobiles and get out and take fruit. Dr.
Deming and Mr. Olcott know how close the school house is to my home. The
fact is the children walk under the nut trees when they take the cut
through the private driveway, but I have very little trouble with them.
I think the greatest object lesson was given last year, when two young
men, who were hunting pheasants, took a half bushel of nuts and were
caught at it. They did not think it amounted to anything. They came
along up to the house and the nuts were taken and put upon the drying
rack. While they were arguing an automobile stopped and the nuts were
sold. They came to nine dollars and a few cents by the pound. One of
these young men--he was in the retail tobacco business,--threw up his
hands and said, "I admit it; I would not want you to walk into my store
and grab nine or ten dollars' worth of goods; I admit this is all
wrong."
MR. R. T. OLCOTT: I have been very much surprised in the
discussion of road-side planting, of fruit and nut trees at the
prominence given to that feature of it which deals with the public
taking the crop. That seems to me to be such a minor part of the
proposition as to be almost negligible, and while it continues to arouse
discussion I cannot see the vital importance of it. In a great many
undertakings there are drawbacks but the undertakings go right on and
when the difficulties arise they are met in turn. I think the thing for
this association, and all others in favor of road-side tree planting to
do is to go ahead with the proposition and forget the question of the
crop and what is going to be done with it. As a matter of fact farmers
are complaining continually of the depredations on their orchards
resulting from the increase of automobile parties--perfectly respectable
people going out on the road-side and helping themselves. If fine fruit
and nut trees were planted along the road-sides and the crops were being
picked, it seems to me that, under a general understanding that the
public was to let these trees alone, and that any one caught or seen
picking the crops would be reported by the one following, it would
automatically police itself. The finger of ridicule would be pointed at
a person who was so doing by somebody other than a uniformed officer, in
other words by an ordinary citizen. I speak of that because in Rochester
during the war when it was deemed necessary not to run automobiles on
Sunday it was as much as his life was worth for a man to be out with his
car on Sunday, not because of any police officer but because of the
other fellow who was staying at home. I think that the other travelers
along the road will take care of the fellow that violates the
understanding about roadside fruit and nut trees.