patens._ Bry. Brit., p. 158.) In dark green or fuscous tufts; st. 2–4in.
branched, decumbent and naked below; l. spreading or slightly secund,
oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a blunt apex, margin recurved
below, nerve strong two-winged at back; per. l. shorter; caps. almost
obovate smooth, furrowed when dry, on a pale flexuose seta; annulus
large; cal. five-lobed: dioicous.
Moist alpine rocks. S. I. W. IV. V.
219. R. ELLIPTICUM. B. & S. Blackish rigid tufts; st. 1in. decumbent and
naked below; l. spreading from an erect base lanceolate oblong, strongly
nerved to apex, margins plane thickened; caps. erect roundish smooth, on
a short thick seta; lid large conical with a long slender subulate beak:
dioicous.
Moist alpine rocks. Scotland, Wales, Ireland. XI.—IV.
220. R. ACICULARE. Brid. St. 1–3in. cæspitose, decumbent and naked at
base, branches very leafy; l. spreading or secund, ovate-oblong or
broadly lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes toothed at apex, to which the
nerve does not reach; caps. erect oblong smooth, with a small mouth, and
on a longer and thinner seta, lid with a long straight subulate beak:
dioicous.
Wet mountainous rocks by streams. XI.—IV.
var. β. _denticulatum._ l. distinctly and distantly toothed at apex.
221. R. PROTENSUM. A. Braun. St. less rigid than last, and leafy at
base; l. generally secund lanceolate-subulate obtuse, nerved to apex;
per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cylindrical thinner, on a pale seta; lid
with a long subulate beak; calyp. lobed at base; dioicous.
Moist alpine rocks. Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire. IV.
222. R. SUDETICUM. B. & S. St. slender, decumbent and naked at base, l.
spreading recurved keeled lanceolate tapering into a long whitish
diaphanous denticulate point; caps. small ovoid on a short seta, lid
with a shorter acute beak. IV.
B. Branches irregular, with lateral ramuli; innov. not fastigiate.
* L. without diaphanous points.
223. R. FASCICULARE. Brid. St. 1–2in., decumbent at base, with upright
innovations, fasciculate; l. crowded, from a broadish erect base
lanceolate spreading, muticous, margins recurved, areolæ long narrow
sinuous; caps. elliptical with a long subulate lid; calyp. copiously
papillose.
Rocks. III.
* * L. with diaphanous points.
224. R. HETEROSTICHUM. Brid. St. ½–1in., base decumbent, branches
scarcely fasciculate; l. sometimes secund, lanceolate tapering to a long
white denticulate point, margin recurved, areolæ long and sinuous below,
above sub-quadrate; caps. sub-cylindrical, mouth very small; calyp.
somewhat papillose at apex only; lid short obliquely rostrate.
Rocks and walls. E. W. I. III.
var. β. _alopecurum._ l. with short hair points; caps. smaller.
γ. _gracilescens._ l. obtuse, caps. small, on a short seta.
225. R. MICROCARPON. Brid. St. slender fasciculate with short branches;
l. spreading falcato-secund, lanceolate tapering to a short point,
areolæ all long and sinuous; caps. small ovate, thin and pale, with a
robust rostrate lid.
Highlands of Scotland.
226. R. LANUGINOSUM. Brid. St. very long and slender, fasciculate; l.
lanceolate tapering into a long strongly dentate point, sometimes secund
or spreading from an erect base; areolæ sinuous; caps. small ovoid, on a
short roughish seta, and with a long straight rostrate lid; calyp.
papillose above.
Mountains, walls, rocks, and heaths. III.
227. R. CANESCENS. Brid. St. 2–4in. decumbent at base; l.
ovate-lanceolate tapering into a long denticulate point, recurved from
an erect base, areolæ sinuous; caps. ovoid eight-striate when dry, with
a very long subulate lid; calyp. papillose above.
Stony and sandy heaths. III.
var. β. _prolixum._ older innovations only with fasciculate ramuli.
γ. _ericoides._ covered with fasciculate ramuli; l. squarrose.
34. GLYPHOMITRIUM. SCHWG.
228. G. DAVIESII. Schwg. St. ½in. cæspitose; l. linear-lanceolate
spreading entire, margin thickened and reflexed below, strongly nerved
to apex, areolæ minute, larger at base; caps. erect, almost globose,
with a reddish mouth and long rostrate lid; per. teeth converging when
moist, reflexed when dry; calyp. large, laciniate at base.
Clefts of rocks. VI. VII.
Giant’s Causeway; Llanberis; Glenarbuck, May, 1863 (W. Galt and
McCartney); New Kilpatrick, Killin (McKinlay); Ardtun Mull (Dr. Black);
Skye (Hunt); Blairlogie; Craigallion; Campsie Hills (Thompson and Galt).
35. PTYCHOMITRIUM. B. & S.
229. P. POLYPHYLLUM. B. & S. St. ½in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate from
a broadish base, spreading, nerved to the dentate acute apex; caps.
elliptical on a long twisted seta; calyp. plicate; lid long subulate.
Mountainous rocks and walls. III. IV.
36. ORTHOTRICHUM. B. & S.
A. Caps. on a very short seta, immersed or shortly exserted; ochrea
distinct, calyptra with about ten furrows.
1. Caps. with 16 furrows.
230. O. CUPULATUM. Hoffm. St. under 1in.; l. spreading lanceolate
keeled, lower brownish, nerve distinct; caps. obovate, urceolate when
dry, with a shortly beaked lid; calyp. hairy; perist. simple, of 16 free
equidistant teeth, spreading when dry.
Rocks and walls. IV. V.
2. Caps. with eight furrows.
231. O. STURMII. Hop. & Hornsch. In loose cushions; st. short and erect,
or longer and prostrate; l. patent and recurved when moist, incumbent
when dry; margin subrevolute, acutely costato-carinate; caps. generally
immersed, obovate, with eight obsolete striæ, when dry eight-ribbed and
constricted below the mouth; calyp. more or less hairy, shining; per.
teeth simple 16 equidistant, erect when dry, slightly incurved. [Bry.
Eur. III., t. 109.]
Trap rocks. S. I. (Dr. Wood.) Summer.
232. O. SHAWII. Sch. Resembles the last, but differs by its leaves being
less solid and of looser texture at base; cells in one row always (not
in two); by the fewer hairs on its shorter glossy white calyptra; and by
its per. teeth densely papillose white and reflexed when dry. [Supp.
Bry. Eur., fasc, I. II.]
On an ash tree at Kilkerran Castle, Argyleshire, 1860 (J. Shaw). VI.
233. O. OBTUSIFOLIUM. Schrad. In loose yellowish green tufts, brownish
below; l. patulous oblong from an ovate base, apex obtuse hyaline and
minutely serrulate, concave, margin incurved, papillose at back, per. l.
broader and less obtuse: caps. oval immersed with eight orange striæ;
cal. long naked whitish, with a brown tip; lid convex acuminate; per.
teeth eight bi-geminate reflexed when dry, alternating with eight cilia:
dioicous. (Bry. Eur. III., t. 208.)
On trunks of trees. York, Bristol. V.
234. O. PUMILUM. Swartz. (_O. fallax_, Br. Wils. B. & S. but not Schp.
Syn.) Minute pulvinate; l. lanceolate acute, carinate, margin revolute;
per. l. longer erect; caps. oblong, with eight orange striæ, neck
gradually tapering into the seta; cal. long shining brown at apex; per.
teeth eight bi-geminate yellow, densely papillose, reflexed when dry.
Ash trees at Inverkip and Dailly, Ayrshire.
235. O. FALLAX. Schp. Syn. 264, _non_ Bruch. (_O. pumilum_, Dicks, Bry.
Brit. B. & S., Müller, &c.) Differs from the above in having a more
oblong thicker capsule, with deeper yellow striæ, with its neck shorter
abrupt, not gradually narrowed, and with a shorter more inflated
calyptra; l. elliptic-lanceolate and obtuse.
On trees, not common. E. I.
236. O. TENELLUM. Bruch. St. ½in. tufted; l. spreading,
lanceolate-oblong or ligulate, obtuse; caps. yellow-brown, exserted,
sub-cylindrical, not contracted at mouth when dry, broadly and
distinctly striate; calyp. with a few short hairs, conico-campanulate,
yellow; perist. yellow, eight teeth and eight cilia.
Trees, E. I. W. V. VI.
237. O. PALLENS. Bruch. St. erect short tufted; l. spreading, lanceolate
or ligulate obtuse, margins revolute; caps. elliptic-oblong with a large
apophysis, scarcely exserted, slightly contracted at mouth when dry;
striæ broad; calyp. large pale yellow hairless. Perist. of eight yellow
teeth and 16 cilia.
Trees. York. VI.
238. O. STRAMINEUM. Horns. St. short tufted; l. spreading, narrowly
lanceolate acuminate, keeled, margin reflexed; caps. ovate-pyriform
slightly exserted, striæ broad; calyp. large campanulate purple-tipped,
slightly hairy; perist. 8 teeth, and 16 (sometimes only eight) cilia;
vaginula hairy.
Trees and rocks. E. S. W. VI. VII.
239. O. FASTIGIATUM. Bruch. St. longer, tufted with fastigiate branches;
l. broader lanceolate, gradually tapering to a point, sub-erect; caps.
almost pyriform, scarcely exserted, with broad striæ; calyp. brownish
yellow hairy; per. teeth eight, and 16 broad short cilia.
Solitary trees, Yorkshire and Sussex. V. VI.
240. O. AFFINE. Schrad. St. ½–1in. tufted branched; l. spreading,
oblong-lanceolate, with a blunt point, margin revolute and slightly
undulate, strongly papillose on both sides; caps. elliptic-oblong,
somewhat exserted, contracted when dry, striæ narrow. Perist. eight pale
teeth and eight filiform cilia; calyp. large greenish yellow hairy.
Trees, walls, &c., common. VI. VII.
241. O. RUPESTRE. Schl. St. 1in. or more, cæspitose, creeping at base;
l. broadly lanceolate, spreading, slightly recurved; caps. pyriform,
mouth large, scarcely exserted, striæ indistinct; calyp. large yellow,
with long hairs; perist. 16 pale teeth in pairs (equidistant when dry),
and eight cilia.
Mountainous rocks. VII. VIII.
var. β. _rupincola._ “l. sub-erect, caps. smaller.”
γ. “stem longer; caps. exserted, calyp. very hairy.”
242. O. SPECIOSUM. Nees. St. 1in. or more, tufted, branched; l.
spreading, lanceolate, somewhat pointed, papillose, margins recurved;
caps. shortly exserted elliptic-oblong, faintly striate at summit, lid
conical beaked; calyp. large yellowish, with long hairs; perist. eight
yellowish teeth, and eight cilia.
Trees, rare. Montrose and Corrie Mulzie. VII. VIII.
243. O. LYELLII. Hook. St. 2in. or more, loosely tufted, with erect
branches; l. much spreading long linear-lanceolate, wavy, scarcely
serrate at apex, and studded with papillæ and brownish gland-like
bodies; caps. elliptic-oblong, with a distinct tapering apophysis, and
faint striæ; calyp. very large, brown tipped, with a few long whitish
hairs. Perist. 16 pale teeth, and 16 red-toothed cilia.
Old tree trunks, rare in fr. VII.
244. O. RIVULARE. Turn. St. long tufted, often floating; l. oblong-ovate
flaccid, sometimes sub-secund, obtuse, with a strong nerve and small
papillæ; margin recurved below: caps. pyriform, broadly striate, almost
immersed; perist. eight teeth in pairs, afterwards nearly equidistant,
and 16 cilia; calyp. large dull green hairless.
Rocks and tree trunks at edges of streams. E. W. I. IV. V.
245. O. SPRUCEI. Mont. St. ¼in. tufted; l. oblong-ovate or ligulate,
apex rounded and tipped with an apiculus, scarcely reflexed, thinly
nerved, not papillose; caps. pyriform, scarcely exserted, contracted at
mouth when dry, striæ broad; lid with a short beak; calyp. reddish
tipped, large, hairless; perist. 16 teeth, in pairs, yellowish, and
eight, sometimes 16, cilia.
Trees near rivers. York, Matlock, Glasgow. V. VI.
246. O. DIAPHANUM. Schrad. St. scarcely ½in. tufted; l. spreading,
ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a slender diaphanous serrulate point,
margin recurved; caps. somewhat pyriform, almost immersed, faintly
striate; calyp. generally naked; perist. 16 equidistant teeth, sometimes
split at apex, and 16 cilia.
Walls, trees, and palings. IV.
3. Caps. without furrows.
247. O. LEIOCARPUM. B. & S. St. 1–3in. tufted, branched; l. spreading,
lanceolate, pointed, margin strongly revolute; caps. large pale brown,
obovate, perfectly smooth and not contracted at mouth when dry, scarcely
exserted; calyp. hairy, sometimes naked; perist. 16 teeth and 16 erose
cilia.
Trees. IV. V.
[N.B.—Notwithstanding the note in Lin. Soc. Jour., vol. XI. p. 465, I
retain the name _leiocarpum_ instead of _striatum_, as _all_ the
species in this section have a _striate_ calyptra.]
B. Caps. on a long seta, much exserted.
1. Calyp. naked.
248. O. PULCHELLUM. Sm. St. ¼in. tufted; l. spreading, soft, crisped
when dry, linear-lanceolate bluntish, margin recurved; caps. pale, oval,
with eight reddish striæ; perist. 16 reddish teeth in pairs, and 16
cilia; calyp. pale, without hairs, purplish at tip.
Trunks of trees. V.
2. Calyp. very hairy, furrowed; ochrea indistinct; l. dilated at base,
and crisped when dry.
249. O. SAXATILE. Brid. (_O. anomalum_, Bry. Brit., p. 177.) St. erect
sparingly branched; l. narrow lanceolate sharply acuminate, nerve thick,
areolæ narrow at base; caps. narrow sub-cylindrical, much exserted, with
eight long striæ prominent when dry, and then with eight shorter
alternating spurious ones just below the mouth; per. teeth in pairs;
calyp. hairy. [Supp. Bry. Eur. fasc. I. II.]
Limestone walls and rocks. Spring.
250. O. ANOMALUM. Hedw. Sp. Musc, (_non_ Bry. Brit.) St. erect simple,
slightly branched; l. lower patulous remote, upper erecto-patent,
lanceolate from an ovate base, margin revolute; caps. ovate-oblong,
16–striate; calyp. brownish hairy; per. t. pale equidistant erect when
dry. [Bry. Eur., III., t. 210. Schp. Syn. 262.]
_Trap_ rocks, Aberdour, Fifeshire (Dr. Wood); Conway.
Summer.
251. O. LUDWIGII. Schw. St. ½in. creeping; l. subpatent or spreading,
narrowly linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, contorted when dry,
margin slightly undulate; caps. obovate, striate only at summit, much
contracted at mouth when dry; perist. 16 teeth in pairs, afterwards
equidistant, occasionally with short cilia.
Trees. Scotland, Ireland. VIII. IX.
252. O. CRISPULUM. Hornsch. St. very minute tufted; l. small,
linear-lanceolate, scarcely crisped when dry; caps. pyriform, small,
thin, with eight inconspicuous striæ.
Trees, not common. Yorkshire, Sussex, English lakes. V. VI.
253. O. CRISPUM. Hedw. St. about 1in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate from
an ovate base, slightly waved at margin, very much contorted when dry;
caps. clavate, contracted at mouth when dry; apophysis gradually
tapering into the thick seta; eight broad striæ; perist. eight teeth,
and eight, sometimes 16, cilia.
Trees. VII. VIII.
254. O. CALVESCENS. Wils. Differs from _Bruchii_ by its shorter leaves
more narrowly reticulated; calyp. scarcely hairy; caps. with a long
tapering neck, lid more convex and shortly beaked; from _crispum_ by its
longer seta and shorter caps. not contracted at mouth when dry, and by
its smooth glossy calyptra.
Trees. VI.
Killarney (Dr. Moore and Dr. Carrington); Dailly and Loch Doon (J.
Shaw).
255. O. BRUCHII. Brid. St. short tufted; l. spreading sharply
linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, contorted when dry, sometimes
wavy; caps. pyriform on a long seta, with eight broad striæ, and
contracted at mouth when dry; calyp. blackish yellow, with many furrows
and very hairy; perist. of 16 teeth in pairs, and eight, very seldom 16,
cilia.
Trees. Scotland, Yorkshire, Westmoreland, &c. VII. VIII.
256. O. DRUMMONDII. H. & G. St. longer, creeping, l. linear-lanceolate
from a narrow ovate base, blunt-pointed, scarcely crisped, margin hardly
recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, deeply striate, and contracted at mouth
when dry, on a long seta; calyp. with long stiff hairs; perist. of 16
teeth in pairs, and no cilia.
Trunks of young trees. S. I. E. VIII.
257. O. HUTCHINSIÆ. Sm. St. about ½in. tufted; l. erecto-patent broadly
lanceolate, nerved to blunt apex, margin scarcely reflexed; caps.
clavate-pyriform, with eight broad striæ, slightly contracted at mouth
when dry; apophysis tapering; calyp. large, very hairy. Perist. 16 teeth
in pairs, and eight short cilia, sometimes wanting.
Mountainous rocks. W. I. S. E. VII.
258. O. PHYLLANTHUM. B. & S. St. 1in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate
without a broad base, nerve extending to apex or exserted, where it is
generally covered with gemmæ, crisped when dry; fruit not known.
Rocks and trees, generally near the sea.
37. ZYGODON. HOOK. & T.
A. Peristome absent.
1. Caps. on a short seta.
259. Z. LAPPONICUS. B. & S. St. ½in. cæspitose radiculose; l. spreading,
linear-lanceolate keeled, contorted when dry, nerve ceasing near apex;
per. l. ovate-lanceolate; caps. scarcely exserted turbinate, deeply
eight-striate, urceolate when dry; lid with a short oblique beak:
monoicous.
Crevices of alpine rocks. S. W. Summer.
260. Z. MOUGEOTTII. B. & S. St. more than 1 inch cæspitose, scarcely
radiculose; l. fasciculate recurved, narrowly linear-lanceolate, margin
reflexed below, nerved to apex, not contorted when dry; caps. turbinate
urceolate when dry, eight-striate; lid with a long very oblique beak:
dioicous.
Moist shady rocks. Summer.
2. Caps. on a longer seta.
261. Z. VIRIDISSIMUS. Brid. St. ½–1in., fastigiate, radiculose below; l.
much spreading recurved, widely lanceolate, somewhat contorted when dry,
nerve sometimes slightly excurrent; caps. obovate obscurely
eight-striate; lid with a long oblique beak: dioicous.
Trees and rocks. III. IV.
B. Peristome present.
1. Inner perist. fugacious.
262. Z. CONOIDEUS. Dicks. St. very short, cæspitose, fastigiate, densely
radiculose; l. somewhat spreading, not recurved, widely lanceolate, with
plane margins, and nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, tapering
below, eight-striate, lid with a long straight beak; perist., outer
eight short recurved teeth, inner eight yellowish cilia, often absent:
dioicous.
Trees. S. I. E. V.
2. Inner perist. persistent.
263. Z. FORSTERI. Dicks. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted, with whitish
radicles; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-lanceolate, nerved to apex or
slightly excurrent; areolæ hexagonal (not as in all the previous ones,
dot-like), oblong and diaphanous at base; caps. pyriform, striate; lid
with a long inclined beak; perist., outer eight acute bi-geminate teeth,
inner eight alternating cilia: monoicous.
Trees. South of England, rare. Spring.
264. Z. GRACILIS. Wils. MS. St. 1in. or more, tufted, branched; l.
lanceolate twisted when dry, with plane margins, and denticulate near
the apex; areolæ close and punctate above, large and pellucid below.
Old walls. Malham (J. Nowell) in fr., Sept., 1866.
[I have no specimen in fruit.]
38. TETRAPHIS. HEDW.
265. T. PELLUCIDA. Hed. St. ½–1in.; l. lower, ovate-acuminate, nerved,
reddish, upper larger ovate-lanceolate entire, nerve ceasing below apex,
margins plane; stems bearing gemmiferous cups, l. of which are
obcordate; caps. (fruit not found in England) elliptical, with a red
border at mouth, on a long reddish seta.
Decaying stumps and roots of trees, common. VIII. IX.
39. TETRODONTIUM. SCHW.
266. T. BROWNIANUM. Schwg. St. almost none, with long linear radical
leaves or ramuli; per. l. ovate-acuminate, entire, shortly and faintly
nerved; caps. oval-oblong, lid with an acute oblique beak.
Sandstone rocks. III. IV. (Wilson says VII.)
40. BUXBAUMIA. HALLER.
267. B. APHYLLA. Hall. “Stem almost none, buried; l. lower roundish,
deeply toothed, upper fringed with long ciliary processes; caps.
plano-convex, roundish ovate, reddish; outer perist. irregularly
sub-divided, thick and cellular.” [Wilson.]
Scotland, Yorkshire, &c.; rare. V.
268. B. INDUSIATA. Brid. “Resembling the last, but caps. more erect, not
flattened on the upper surface, of uniform texture and yellowish green
colour, covered with a soft membrane, which ruptures on the upper
surface, the margins rolling back, somewhat like the indusium of a fern;
annulus narrow.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 226.]
On the ground and rotten trunks, chiefly in pine woods.
Near Ballater, 1847 (Cruikshank); Craigendinnie Hill, Aboyne, 1867
(Dickie and Roy).
41. DIPHYSCIUM. W. & M.
269. D. FOLIOSUM. W. & M. St. almost none; l. long narrow linear,
flexuose, with an obscure nerve, margin plane, sometimes toothed near
apex; per. l. with a pale thin blade, nerve excurrent into a long rough
bristle, and the innermost divided at apex into long jointed cilia;
caps. immersed, ovate, oblique, gibbous; lid conical pointed; per. teeth
white.
Shady mountainous rocks. VIII.
42. ATRICHUM. P. BEAUV.
_a._ Monoicous.
270. A. UNDULATUM. P. Beauv. St. 1–2in. l. ligulate, margin undulate,
thickened, with bi cuspid spinulose teeth, which also occur on back near
apex, where lamellate nerve ceases; caps. cylindrical curved; lid with a
long curved beak.
Grassy places, common. X. XI.
var. β. _attenuatum._ l. narrow, more crisped when dry; caps. smaller.
_b._ Dioicous.
271. A. ANGUSTATUM. Brid. St. shorter, l. narrower, densely reticulate,
serrate at apex _only_, less hispid beneath, with numerous lamellæ on
nerve; caps. sub-erect cylindrical straight or curved, lid dark purple,
shortly rostrate. [Schp. Syn. p. 434.]
Bare sandy ground, heaths, &c. Winter.
Braes of Doune, fr. (McKinlay); Sussex—male (Mitten).
272. A. TENELLUM. Roth. St. short; l. elongate, oblong-lanceolate, upper
ones narrowly lingulate, scarcely undulate, smooth beneath, margins
dentate below the middle, subcirrhate when dry, nerve thinly lamellate;
caps. obovate-oblong, sub-cernuous, lid with a long beak; per. teeth
large. [Bry. Eur. IV., 412. Syn. 435.]
Bare moist sandy places, and dried-up pools. Autumn.
Loch Goil Head; Killin, Perthshire.
273. A. CRISPUM. James. (_laxifolium_, Wils. MS.) St. simple, slender;
l. lower small somewhat spathulate; upper much larger oblong-lanceolate,
slightly undulate, border thickened, toothed; nerve reaching apex,
scarcely lamellate; areolæ larger, hexagonal or rounded; caps.
obovate-oblong, sub-erect or inclined, wide-mouthed, teeth very short
irregular, seta red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 225.]
Lancashire; Oakmere, Cheshire; Saddleworth, Yorkshire; Dartmoor. Male
plant only found in Britain.
43. OLIGOTRICHUM. DE C.
274. O. HERCYNICUM. De C. St. ½–1in; l. rigid erecto-patent, lanceolate,
sheathing, margins indexed, lamellæ of nerve undulate, and spinulose at
back; caps. erect cylindrical, plicate and oblique when dry; lid conical
pointed.
Alpine and sub-alpine barren soil. VI. VII.
Scotland; Todmorden (Nowell).
44. POGONATUM. P. Beauv.
275. P. NANUM. Brid. St. short, not branched at apex; l. rigid
spreading, lanceolate obtuse, sheathing, serrulate above; caps. almost
globose, erect or inclined, lid with a curved or oblique beak; columella
not winged.
Moist shady sandy banks. X. XI.
var. β. _longisetum._ l. long, linear-lanceolate, seta very long; caps.
oval-oblong.
276. P. ALOIDES. Brid. St. less than 1–in., branched at apex; l. rigid
spreading, lanceolate, sheathing, serrate on margin and back; caps.
erect, somewhat ovate-urceolate or cylindrical; lid conical beaked;
columella with four wings; hairs of calyp. whitish.
Moist banks. X. XI.
var. β. _minus._ smaller generally; “hairs of calyp. confluent below
capsule.”
277. P. URNIGERUM. Brid. St. 1–4in. branched above, reddish below; l.
spreading linear-lanceolate from a short broader sheathing base, acute
serrate; caps. narrowly cylindrical regular papillose, lid convex with a
short beak.
Mountainous banks and sides of streams. X. XI.
var. β. _crassum._ l. broader, caps, oval-oblong, lid with a longer
beak.
278. P. ALPINUM. Brid. St. much longer, branched above, decumbent below;
l. linear-lanceolate from a sheathing base, gradually tapering, serrate,
back spinulose, margin inflexed; caps. generally inclined, ovoid, tumid,
smooth, lid small, with a long curved beak.
Sub-alpine localities. E. S. I. VI.
var. β. _arcticum._ caps. oblong sub-cylindrical.
δ. _campanulatum._ st. short, l. narrower and shorter; caps.
apophysate; calyp. campanulate.
45. POLYTRICHUM. BRID.
A. Caps. six-angled; apophysis indistinct.
279. P. SEXANGULARE. Hoppe. Barren st. 2–6in., fertile shorter; l. short
incurved rigid, linear-lanceolate from a broader base, margins plane,
incurved, almost cucullate at serrulate apex; caps. short, at first
upright, afterwards cernuous, sometimes six, sometimes only four or
five-angled; lid rostrate; calyp. short, and shortly villous.