of the god to such as came to consult the oracle, and was supposed
to be suddenly inspired by the sulphureous vapours which issued from
the hole of a subterraneous cavity within the temple, over which
she sat bare on a three-legged stool, called a tripod. In this
stool was a small aperture, through which the vapour was inhaled by
the priestess, and, at this divine inspiration, her eyes suddenly
sparkled, her hair stood on end, and a shivering ran over all her
body. In this convulsive state she spoke the oracles of the god,
often with loud howlings and cries, and her articulations were
taken down by the priest, and set in order. Sometimes the spirit of
inspiration was more gentle, and not always violent; yet Plutarch
mentions one of the priestesses who was thrown into such an excessive
fury, that not only those that consulted the oracle, but also the
priest that conducted her to the sacred tripod, and attended her
during the inspiration, were terrified and forsook the temple; and
so violent was the fit, that she continued for some days in the most
agonizing situation, and at last died. The Pythia, before she placed
herself on the tripod, used to wash her whole body, and particularly
her hair, in the waters of the fountain Castalis, at the foot of
mount Parnassus. She also shook a laurel tree that grew near the
place, and sometimes ate the leaves with which she crowned herself.
The priestess was originally a virgin, but the institution was
changed when Echecrates, a Thessalian, had offered violence to one of
them, and none but women who were above the age of 50 were permitted
to enter upon that sacred office. They always appeared dressed in the
garments of virgins, to intimate their purity and modesty, and they
were solemnly bound to observe the strictest laws of temperance and
chastity, that neither fantastical dresses nor lascivious behaviour
might bring the office, the religion, or the sanctity of the
place into contempt. There was originally but one Pythia, besides
subordinate priests, and afterwards two were chosen, and sometimes
more. The most celebrated of all these is Phemonoe, who is supposed
by some to have been the first who gave oracles at Delphi. The
oracles were always delivered in hexameter verses, a custom which was
some time after discontinued. The Pythia was consulted only one month
in the year, about the spring. It was always required that those
who consulted the oracle should make large presents to Apollo, and
from thence arose the opulence, splendour, and the magnificence of
that celebrated temple of Delphi. Sacrifices were also offered to the
divinity, and if the omens proved unfavourable, the priestess refused
to ♦give an answer. There were generally five priests who assisted
at the offering of the sacrifices, and there was also another who
attended the Pythia, and assisted her in receiving the oracle. _See:_
♠Delphi, Oraculum. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 5.――_Diodorus_, bk. 16.
――_Strabo_, bks. 6 & 9.――_Justin_, bk. 24, ch. 5.――_Plutarch_, _De
Defectu Oraculorum_.――_Euripides_, _Ion_.――_Dio Chrysostom._――――Games
celebrated in honour of Apollo, near the temple of Delphi. They
were at first instituted, according to the more received opinion, by
Apollo himself, in commemoration of the victory which he had obtained
over the serpent Python, from which they received their name; though
others maintain that they were first established by Agamemnon, or
Diomedes, or by Amphictyon, or, lastly, by the council of Amphictyons,
B.C. 1263. They were originally celebrated once in nine years, but
afterwards every fifth year, or the second year of every olympiad,
according to the number of the Parnassian nymphs who congratulated
Apollo after his victory. The gods themselves were originally among
the combatants, and, according to some authors, the first prize was
won by Pollux, in boxing; by Castor, in horse-races; by Hercules,
in the pancratium; by Zetes, in fighting with the armour; by Calais,
in running; by Telamon, in wrestling; and by Peleus in throwing the
quoit. These illustrious conquerors were rewarded by Apollo himself,
who was present, with crowns and laurels. Some, however, observe
that it was nothing but a musical contention, in which he who sung
best the praises of Apollo obtained the prize, which was presents
of gold or silver, which were afterwards exchanged for a garland
of the palm tree, or of beech leaves. It is said that Hesiod was
refused admission to these games because he was not able to play upon
the harp, which was required of all such as entered the lists. The
songs which were sung were called Πυθικοι νομοι, _the Pythian modes_,
divided into five parts, which contained a representation of the
fight and victory of Apollo over Python; ἀνακρουσις, _the preparation
for the fight_; ἐμπειρα, _the first attempt_; κατακελευσμος, _taking
breath and collecting courage_; ἰαμβοι και δακτυλοι, _the insulting
sarcasms of the god over his vanquished enemy_; συριγγες, _an
imitation of the hisses of the serpent_, just as he expired under
the blows of Apollo. A dance was also introduced; and in the 48th
Olympiad, the Amphictyons, who presided over the games, increased
the number of musical instruments by the addition of a flute; but,
as it was more peculiarly used in funeral songs and lamentations,
it was soon rejected as unfit for merriment, and the festivals which
represented the triumph of Apollo over the conquered serpent. The
Romans, according to some, introduced them into their city, and
called them Apollinares ludi. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, chs. 13 & 37.
――_Strabo_, bk. 9.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 447.――_Pliny_,
bk. 7.――_Livy_, bk. 25.
♦ ‘gave’ replaced with ‘give’
♠ ‘Delphia’ replaced with ‘Delphi’
=Pythias=, a Pythagorean philosopher, intimate with Damon. _See:_
Phintias.――――A road which led from Thessaly to Tempe. _Ælian._――――A
comic character, &c.
=Pythion=, an Athenian killed, with 420 soldiers, when he attempted to
drive the garrison of Demetrius from Athens, &c. _Polyænus_, bk. 5.
=Pythium=, a town of Thessaly. _Livy_, bk. 42, ch. 53; bk. 44, ch. 2.
=Pythius=, a Syracusan, who defrauded Canius, a Roman knight, to
whom he had sold his gardens, &c. _Cicero_, _de Officiis_, bk. 3,
ch. 14.――――A surname of Apollo, which he had received for his
having conquered the serpent Python, or because he was worshipped at
Delphi; called also Pytho. _Macrobius_, bk. 1, _Saturnalia_, ch. 17.
――_Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 33, li. 16.
=Pytho=, the ancient name of the town of Delphi, which it received
ἀπο του πυθεσθαι, because the serpent which Apollo killed, _rotted
there_. It was also called Parnassia Nape. _See:_ Delphi.
=Pythochăris=, a musician, who assuaged the fury of some wolves by
playing on a musical instrument, &c. _Ælian._
=Pythŏcles=, an Athenian descended from Aratus. It is said, that on his
account, and for his instruction, Plutarch wrote the life of Aratus.
――――A man put to death with Phocion.――――A man who wrote on Italy.
=Pythodōrus=, an Athenian archon in the age of Themistocles.
=Pytholāus=, the brother of Theba, the wife of Alexander tyrant of
Pheræ. He assisted his sister in despatching her husband. _Plutarch._
=Python=, a native of Byzantium, in the age of Philip of Macedonia. He
was a great favourite of the monarch who sent him to the Thebes, when
that city, at the instigation of Demosthenes, was going to take arms
against Philip. _Plutarch_, _Demosthenes_.――_Diodorus._――――One of
the friends of Alexander, put to death by Ptolemy Lagus.――――A man who
killed Cotys king of Thrace at the instigation of the Athenians.――――A
celebrated serpent sprung from the mud and stagnated waters which
remained on the surface of the earth after the deluge of Deucalion.
Some, however, suppose that it was produced from the earth by Juno,
and sent by the goddess to persecute Latona, who was then pregnant by
Jupiter. Latona escaped his fury by means of her lover, who changed
her into a quail during the remaining months of her pregnancy, and
afterwards restored her to her original shape in the island of Delos,
where she gave birth to Apollo and Diana. Apollo, as soon as he was
born, attacked the monster and killed him with his arrows, and in
commemoration of the victory which he had obtained, he instituted the
celebrated Pythian games. _Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 7;
bk. 10, ch. 6.――_Hyginus._――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 438,
&c.――_Lucan_, bk. 5, li. 134.
=Pythonĭce=, an Athenian prostitute greatly honoured by Harpalus,
whom Alexander some time before had entrusted with the treasures of
Babylon. He married her; and according to some, she died at the very
moment that the nuptials were going to be celebrated. He raised her
a splendid monument on the road which led from Athens to Eleusis,
which cost him 30 talents. _Diodorus_, bk. 17.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1.
――_Athenæus_, bk. 13, &c.
=Pythonissa=, a name given to the priestess of Apollo’s temple at
Delphi. She is more generally called Pythia. _See:_ Pythia. The word
_Pythonissa_ was commonly applied to women who attempted to explain
futurity.
=Pytna=, a part of mount Ida.
=Pyttalus=, a celebrated athlete, son of Lampis of Elis, who obtained a
prize at the Olympic games. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 16.
Q
=Quaderna=, a town of Italy.
=Quadi=, an ancient nation of Germany, near the country of the
Marcomanni, on the borders of the Danube, in modern Moravia. They
rendered themselves celebrated by their opposition to the Romans, by
whom they were often defeated, though not totally subdued. _Tacitus_,
_Germania_, chs. 42 & 43; _Annals_, bk. 2, ch. 63.
=Quadrātus=, a surname given to Mercury, because some of his statues
were square. The number 4, according to Plutarch, was sacred to
Mercury, because he was born on the 4th day of the month. _Plutarch_,
_Convivium Septem Sapientium_, ch. 9.――――A governor of Syria in the
age of Nero.
=Quadrĭfrons=, or =Quadrĭceps=, a surname of Janus, because he was
represented with four heads. He had a temple on the Tarpeian rock,
raised by Lucius Catulus.
=Quæstōres=, two officers at Rome, first created A.U.C. 269. They
received their name _a quærendo_, because they collected the revenues
of the state, and had the total management of the public treasury.
The questorship was the first office which could be had in the state.
It was requisite that the candidates should be 24 or 25 years of age,
or, according to some, 27. In the year 332, A.U.C., two more were
added to the others, to attend the consuls, to take care of the
pay of the armies abroad, and sell the plunder and booty which had
been acquired by conquest. These were called _Peregrini_, whilst
the others, whose employment was in the city, received the name of
_Urbani_. When the Romans were masters of all Italy, four more were
created, A.U.C. 439, to attend the proconsuls and propretors in
their provinces, and to collect all the taxes and customs which
each particular district owed to the republic. They were called
_Provinciales_. Sylla the dictator created 20 questors, and Julius
Cæsar 40, to fill up the vacant seats in the senate; from whence it
is evident that the questors ranked as senators in the senate. The
questors were always appointed by the senate at Rome, and if any
person was appointed to the questorship without their permission, he
was only called _proquestor_. The quæstores urbani were apparently of
more consequence than the rest, the treasury was entrusted to their
care, they kept an account of all the receipts and disbursements,
and the Roman eagles or ensigns were always in their possession when
the armies were not on an expedition. They required every general
before he triumphed to tell them, upon his oath, that he had given
a just account of the number of the slain on both sides, and that
he had been saluted _imperator_ by the soldiers, a title which every
commander generally received from his army after he had obtained
a victory, and which was afterwards confirmed and approved by the
senate. The city questors had also the care of the ambassadors; they
lodged and received them, and some time after, when Augustus was
declared emperor, they kept the decrees of the senate, which had been
before entrusted with the ediles and the tribunes. This gave rise
to two new offices of trust and honour, one of which was _quæstor
palatii_, and the other _quæstor principis_, or _augusti_, sometimes
called _candidatus principis_. The tent of the questor in the camp
was called _quæstorium_. It stood near that of the general. _Varro_,
_de Lingua Latina_, bk. 4.――_Livy_, bk. 4, ch. 43.――_Dio Cassius_,
bk. 43.
=Quari=, a people of Gaul.
=Quarius=, a river of Bœotia.
=Quercens=, a Rutulian who fought against the Trojans. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 684.
=Querquetulānus=, a name given to mount Cœlius at Rome, from the oaks
which grew there. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 4, ch. 65.
=Quiētis fanum=, a temple without the walls of the city of Rome. Quies
was the goddess of rest. Her temple was situate near the Colline gate.
_Livy_, bk. 4, ch. 4.――_Augustine_, _City of God_, bk. 4, ch. 16.
=Lucius Quiētus=, an officer under the emperor Trajan, who behaved with
great valour in the expeditions which were undertaken by the army
which he commanded. He was put to death by Adrian.
=Quinctia prata.= _See:_ Quintia.
=Quinctiānus=, a man who conspired against Nero, for which he was put
to death.
=Quinctilia=, a comedian who refused to betray a conspiracy which had
been formed against Caligula.
=Quinctius Titus=, a Roman consul who gained some victories over the
Æqui and the Volsci, and obtained a triumph for subduing Præneste.
――――Cæso, a man accused before the Roman people, and vindicated by
his father Cincinnatus.――――A Roman celebrated for his frugality.
_See:_ Cincinnatus.――――A master of horse.――――A Roman consul when
Annibal invaded Italy.――――A brother of Flaminius, banished from
the senate by Cato, for killing a Gaul.――――An officer killed by the
Carthaginians.――――An officer under Dolabella.――――Another who defeated
the Latins.――――A consul who obtained a victory over the Volsci.
――――Hirpinus. _See:_ Hirpinus.
=Quinda=, a town of Cilicia.
=Quindecimvĭri=, an order of priests whom Tarquin the Proud appointed
to take care of the Sibylline books. They were originally two, but
afterwards the number was increased to 10, to whom Sylla added five
more, whence their name. _See:_ Decemviri and Duumviri.
=Quinquatria=, a festival in honour of Minerva at Rome, which continued
during five days. The beginning of the celebration was the 18th of
March. The first day sacrifices and oblations were presented, but,
however, without the effusion of blood. On the second, third, and
fourth days, shows of gladiators were exhibited, and on the fifth day
there was a solemn procession through the streets of the city. On the
days of the celebration, scholars obtained holidays, and it was usual
for them to offer prayers to Minerva for learning and wisdom, which
the goddess patronized; and on their return to school they presented
their master with a gift which has received the name of _Minerval_.
They were much the same as the Panathenæa of the Greeks. Plays were
also acted, and disputations were held on subjects of literature.
They received their name from the _five_ days which were devoted for
the celebration.
=Quinquennāles ludi=, games celebrated by the Chians in honour of Homer
every fifth year. There were also some games among the Romans which
bore this name. They are the same as the Actian games. _See:_ Actia.
=Quintia Prata=, a place on the borders of the Tiber near Rome, which
had been cultivated by the great Cincinnatus. _Livy_, bk. 3, ch. 26.
=Quintiliānus Marcus Fabius=, a celebrated rhetorician born in Spain.
He opened a school of rhetoric at Rome, and was the first who
obtained a salary from the state as being a public teacher. After
he had remained 20 years in this laborious employment, and obtained
the merited applause of the most illustrious Romans, not only as a
preceptor, but as a pleader at the bar, Quintilian, by the permission
of the emperor Domitian, retired to enjoy the fruits of his labours
and industry. In his retirement he assiduously dedicated his time
to the study of literature, and wrote a treatise on the causes
of the corruption of eloquence. Some time after, at the pressing
solicitations of his friends, he wrote his _institutiones oratoricæ_,
the most perfect and complete system of oratory extant. It is divided
into 12 books, in which the author explains from observation, as well
as from experience, what can constitute a good and perfect orator,
and in this he not only mentions the pursuits and the employments
of the rhetorician, but he also speaks of his education, and begins
with the attention which ought to be shown him even in his cradle.
He was appointed preceptor to the two young princes whom Domitian
destined for his successors on the throne, but the pleasures which
the rhetorician received from the favours and the attention of the
emperor and from the success which his writings met in the world,
were embittered by the loss of his wife, and of his two sons. It
is said that Quintilian was poor in his retirement, and that his
indigence was relieved by the liberality of his pupil Pliny the
younger. He died A.D. 95. His Institutions were discovered in the
1415th year of the christian era, in an old tower of a monastery
at St. Gal, by Poggio Bracciolini, a native of Florence. The best
editions of Quintilian are those of Gesner, 4to, Göttingen, 1738; of
Leiden, 8vo, _cum notis variorum_, 1665; of Gibson, 4to, Oxford, 1693;
and that of Rollin, republished in 8vo, London, 1792.
=Quintilius Varus=, a Roman governor of Syria. _See:_ Varus.――――A
friend of the emperor Alexander.――――A man put to death by the emperor
Severus.
=Quintilla=, a courtesan at Rome, &c. _Juvenal_, satire 7, li. 75.
=Quintillus Marcus Aurelius Claudius=, a brother of Claudius, who
proclaimed himself emperor, and 17 days after destroyed himself by
opening his veins in a bath, when he heard that Aurelian was marching
against him, about the 270th year of the christian era.
=Quintius Curtius Rufus=, a Latin historian, who flourished, as some
suppose, in the reign of Vespasian or Trajan. He has rendered himself
known by his history of the reign of Alexander the Great. This
history was divided into 10 books, of which the two first, the end
of the fifth, and the beginning of the sixth, are lost. This work is
admired for the elegance, the purity, and the floridness of its style.
It is, however, blamed for great anachronisms and glaring mistakes in
geography as well as history. Freinshemius has written a supplement
to Curtius, in which he seems to have made some very satisfactory
amends for the loss of which the history had suffered, by a learned
collection of facts and circumstances from all the different authors
who have employed their pen in writing an account of Alexander, and
of his Asiatic conquests. Some suppose that the historian is the same
with that Curtius Rufus who lived in the age of Claudius, under whom
he was made consul. This Rufus was born of an obscure family, and he
attended a Roman questor in Africa, when he was met at Adrumentum by
a woman above a human shape, as he was walking under the porticoes
in the middle of the day. This extraordinary character addressed
the indigent Roman, and told him that the day should come in which
he should govern Africa with consular power. This strange prophecy
animated Rufus; he repaired to Rome, where he gained the favours
of the emperor, obtained consular honours, and at last retired as
proconsul to Africa, where he died. The best editions of Curtius are
those of Elzevir, 8vo, Amsterdam, 1673; of Snakenburg, 4to, Leiden,
1724; and of Barbou, 12mo, Paris, 1757. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 11,
ch. 23, &c.
♦=Quintus=, or =Quinctius=, one of the names of Cincinnatus. _Persius_,
bk. 1, li. 73.――――Pedius, a painter. _See:_ Pedius.
♦ Out of alphabetical order in the text.
=Quintus Veranius=, a governor of Cappadocia.――――Cicero, the brother of
Cicero.――――Catulus, a Roman consul.――――A friend of Cæsar.
=Quirinalia=, festivals in honour of Romulus, surnamed Quirinus,
celebrated on the 13th of the calends of March.
=Quirinālis=, a hill at Rome, originally called _Agonius_, and
afterwards _Collinus_. The name of Quirinalis is obtained from the
inhabitants of Cures, who settled there under their king Tatius. It
was also called _Cabalinus_, from two marble statues of a horse, one
of which was the work of Phidias, and the other of Praxiteles. _Livy_,
bk. 1, ch. 44.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, li. 375; _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14,
li. 843.――――One of the gates of Rome near mount Quirinalis.
=Quirīnus=, a surname of Mars among the Romans. This name was also
given to Romulus when he had been made a god by his superstitious
subjects. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 2, li. 475.――――Also a surname of the
god Janus.――――Sulpitius, a Roman consul, born at Lanuvium. Though
descended of an obscure family, he was raised to the greatest honours
by Augustus. He was appointed governor of Syria, and was afterwards
made preceptor to Caius the grandson of the emperor. He married
Æmilia Lepida the granddaughter of Sylla and Pompey, but some time
after he shamefully repudiated her. He died A.D. 22. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 3, &c.
=Quirītes=, a name given to the Roman citizens, because they admitted
into their city the Sabines, who inhabited the town of Cures, and
who on that account were called _Quirites_. After this union, the
two nations were indiscriminately and promiscuously called by that
name. It is, however, to be observed that the word was confined to
Rome, and not used in the armies, as we find some of the generals
applying it only to such of their soldiers as they dismissed or
disgraced. Even some of the emperors appeased a sedition, by calling
their rebellious soldiers by the degrading appellation of Quirites.
_Suetonius_, _Cæsar_, ch. 170.――_Lampridius_, bk. 53.――_Lucan_,
bk. 5, li. 558.――_Horace_, bk. 4, ode 14, li. 1.――_Varro_, _de Lingua
Latina_, bk. 4.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 13.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 2,
li. 479.
R
=Rabirius Caius=, a Roman knight, who lent an immense sum of money
to Ptolemy Auletes king of Egypt. The monarch afterwards not only
refused to repay him, but even confined him, and endangered his life.
Rabirius escaped from Egypt with difficulty, but at his return to
Rome, he was accused by the senate of having lent money to an African
prince, for unlawful purposes. He was ably defended by Cicero, and
acquitted with difficulty. _Cicero_, _For Rabirius_.――――A Latin poet
in the age of Augustus, who wrote, besides satires and epigrams,
a poem on the victory which the emperor had gained over Antony at
Actium. Seneca has compared him to Virgil for elegance and majesty,
but Quintilian is not so favourable to his poetry.――――An architect in
the reign of Domitian, who built a celebrated palace for the emperor,
of which the ruins are still seen at Rome.
=Racillia=, the wife of Cincinnatus. _Livy_, bk. 3, ch. 26.
=Racilius=, a tribune who complained in the senate of the faction of
Clodius. _Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 2, ch. 12; _Letters to his
brother Quintus_, bk. 2, ch. 1.
=Ræsaces=, an officer of Artaxerxes. He revolted from his master, and
fled to Athens.
=Ramises=, a king of Egypt. _See:_ Rhamses.
=Ramnes=, or =Rhamnenses=, one of the three centuries instituted by
Romulus. After the Roman people had been divided into three tribes,
the monarch elected out of each 100 young men of the best and noblest
families, with which he formed three companies of horse. One of them
was called _Ramnes_, either from the tribe of which it was chosen, or
from Romulus. Another was called _Tatian_, and the third _Luceres_.
_Varro_, _de Lingua Latina_, bk. 4, ch. 9.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 13.
――_Horace_, _Art of Poetry_, li. 304.――_Plutarch_, _Romulus_.
=Randa=, a village of Persia, where 3000 rebellious Persians were slain
by Chiles. _Polyænus_, bk. 7.
=Rapo=, a Rutulian chief, &c. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 748.
=Rascipŏlis=, a Macedonian sent to the assistance of Pompey. _Cæsar_,
_Civil War_, bk. 3, ch. 4.
=Ravenna=, a town of Italy on the Adriatic, which became celebrated
under the Roman emperors for its capacious harbour, which could
contain 250 ships, and for being for some time the seat of the
western empire. It was difficult of access by land, as it stood on a
small peninsula; and so ill supplied with water, that it was sold at
a higher price than wine, according to Martial. The emperors kept one
of their fleets there, and the other at Misenum, on the other side
of Italy. It was founded by a colony of Thessalians, or, according
to others, of Sabines. It is now fallen from its former grandeur, and
is a wretched town situate at the distance of about four miles from
the sea, and surrounded with swamps and marshes. _Strabo_, bk. 5.
――_Suetonius_, _Augustus_, ch. 49.――_Pliny_, bk. 36, ch. 12.――_Mela_,
bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Martial_, bk. 3, ltr. 93, li. 8, &c.
=Rāvŏla=, a celebrated debauchee, &c. _Juvenal._
=Rauraci=, a people of Gaul, whose chief town is now Augst on the Rhine.
_Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 1, ch. 5.
=Reāte=, a pleasant town of Umbria, built, as some suppose, before the
Trojan war, about 15 miles from Fanum Vacunæ, near the lake Velinus.
Cybele was the chief deity of the place. It was famous for its asses.
_Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1.――_Varro_, _de
Re Rustica_, bk. 1.――_Livy_, bk. 25, ch. 7; bk. 26, ch. 11; bk. 28,
ch. 45.――_Cicero_, _Against Catiline_, bk. 3, ch. 2; _de Natura
Deorum_, bk. 2, ch. 2.
=Redicŭlus=, a deity whose name is derived from the word _redire_ (to
return). The Romans raised a temple to this imaginary deity on the
spot where Annibal had retired when he approached Rome, as if to
besiege it. _Festus_, _Lexicon of Festus_.
=Redŏnes=, a nation among the Armorici, now the people of _Rennes_ and
_St. Maloes_, in Brittany. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 2, ch. 41.
=Regillæ=, or =Regillum=, a town in the country of the Sabines in Italy,
about 20 miles from Rome, celebrated for a battle which was fought
there, A.U.C. 258, between 24,000 Romans and 40,000 Etrurians, who
were headed by the Tarquins. The Romans obtained the victory, and
scarce 10,000 of the enemy escaped from the field of battle. Castor
and Pollux, according to some accounts, were seen mounted on white
horses, and fighting at the head of the Roman army. _Livy_, bk. 2,
ch. 16.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 5.――_Plutarch_, _Caius
Marcius Coriolanus_.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 1.――_Florus_, bk. 1.
――_Suetonius_, _Tiberias_, ch. 1.