whom she became mother of Acamas and Demophoon. They had already
lived for some time in conjugal felicity, when Venus, who hated
all the descendants of Apollo, because that god had discovered her
amours with Mars, inspired Phædra with an unconquerable passion for
Hippolytus the son of Theseus, by the Amazon Hippolyte. This shameful
passion Phædra long attempted to stifle, but in vain; and therefore,
in the absence of Theseus, she addressed Hippolytus with all the
impatience of a desponding lover. Hippolytus rejected her with horror
and disdain; but Phædra, incensed on account of the reception she
had met, resolved to punish his coldness and refusal. At the return
of Theseus she accused Hippolytus of attempts upon her virtue. The
credulous father listened to the accusation, and without hearing the
defence of Hippolytus, he banished him from his kingdom, and implored
Neptune, who had promised to grant three of his requests, to punish
him in some exemplary manner. As Hippolytus fled from Athens, his
horses were suddenly terrified by a huge sea-monster, which Neptune
had sent on the shore. He was dragged through precipices and over
rocks, and he was trampled under the feet of his horses, and crushed
under the wheels of his chariot. When the tragical end of Hippolytus
was known at Athens, Phædra confessed her crime, and hung herself in
despair, unable to survive one whose death her wickedness and guilt
had occasioned. The death of Hippolytus, and the infamous passion
of Phædra, are the subject of one of the tragedies of Euripides, and
of Seneca. Phædra was buried at Trœzene, where her tomb was still
seen in the age of the geographer Pausanias, near the temple of
Venus, which she had built to render the goddess favourable to her
incestuous passion. There was near her tomb a myrtle, whose leaves
were all full of small holes, and it was reported that Phædra had
done this with a hair-pin, when the vehemence of her passion had
rendered her melancholy and almost desperate. She was represented
in a painting in Apollo’s temple at Delphi, as suspended by a cord,
and balancing herself in the air, while her sister Ariadne stood
near to her, and fixed her eyes upon her; a delicate idea, by which
the genius of the artist intimated her melancholy end. _Plutarch_,
_Theseus_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 22; bk. 2, ch. 32.――_Diodorus_,
bk. 4.――_Hyginus_, fables 47 & 243.――_Euripides_, _Hippolytus_ &
_Seneca_, _Phædra_.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 445.――_Ovid_,
_Heroides_, poem 4.
=Phædria=, a village of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 35.
=Phædrus=, one of the disciples of Socrates. _Cicero_, _de Natura
Deorum_, bk. 1.――――An Epicurean philosopher.――――A Thracian who
became one of the freedmen of the emperor Augustus. He translated
into iambic verses the fables of Æsop, in the reign of the emperor
Tiberius. They are divided into five books, valuable for their
precision, purity, elegance, and simplicity. They remained long
buried in oblivion, till they were discovered in the library of St.
Remi, at Rheims, and published by Peter Pithou, a Frenchman, at the
end of the 16th century. Phædrus was for some time persecuted by
Sejanus, because this corrupt minister believed that he was satirized
and abused in the encomiums which the poet everywhere pays to virtue.
The best editions of Phædrus are those of Burman, 4to, Leyden, 1727;
Hoogstraten, 4to, Amsterdam, 1701; and Barbou, 12mo, Paris, 1754.
=Phædy̆ma=, a daughter of Otanes, who first discovered that Smerdis, who
had ascended the throne of Persia at the death of Cambyses, was an
impostor. _Herodotus_, bk. 3, ch. 69.
=Phæmonōe=, a priestess of Apollo.
=Phænarēte=, the mother of the philosopher Socrates. She was a midwife
by profession.
=Phænias=, a peripatetic philosopher, disciple of Aristotle. He wrote a
history of tyrants. _Diogenes Laërtius._
=Phænna=, one of the two Graces, worshipped at Sparta, together with
her sister Clita. Lacedæmon first paid them particular honour.
_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 35.
=Phænnis=, a famous prophetess in the age of Antiochus. _Pausanias_,
bk. 10, ch. 15.
=Phæsana=, a town of Arcadia.
=Phæstum=, a town of Crete. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 3, li. 296.
――――Another of Macedonia. _Livy_, bk. 56, ch. 13.
=Phaĕton=, a son of the sun, or Phœbus and Clymene, one of the
Oceanides. He was son of Cephalus and Aurora, according to Hesiod
and Pausanias, or of Tithonus and Aurora, according to Apollodorus.
He is, however, more generally acknowledged to be the son of Phœbus
and Clymene. Phaeton was naturally of a lively disposition, and a
handsome figure. Venus became enamoured of him, and entrusted him
with the care of one of her temples. This distinguishing favour of
the goddess rendered him vain and aspiring; and when Epaphus the
son of Io had told him to check his pride, that he was not the son
of Phœbus, Phaeton resolved to know his true origin, and at the
instigation of his mother, he visited the palace of the sun. He
begged Phœbus, that if he really were his father, he would give him
incontestible proofs of his paternal tenderness, and convince the
world of his legitimacy. Phœbus swore by the Styx that he would grant
him whatever he required, and no sooner was the oath uttered, than
Phaeton demanded of him to drive his chariot for one day. Phœbus
represented the impropriety of such a request, and the dangers
to which it would expose him; but in vain; and, as the oath was
inviolable, and Phaeton unmoved, the father instructed his son how
he was to proceed in his way through the regions of the air. His
explicit directions were forgotten, or little attended to; and
no sooner had Phaeton received the reins from his father, than he
betrayed his ignorance and incapacity to guide the chariot. The
flying horses became sensible of the confusion of their driver,
and immediately departed from the usual track. Phaeton repented too
late of his rashness, and already heaven and earth were threatened
with a universal conflagration, when Jupiter, who had perceived the
disorder of the horses of the sun, struck the rider with one of his
thunderbolts, and hurled him headlong from heaven into the river Po.
His body, consumed with fire, was found by the nymphs of the place,
and honoured with a decent burial. His sisters mourned his unhappy
end, and were changed into poplars by Jupiter. _See:_ Phaetontiades.
According to the poets, while Phaeton was unskilfully driving the
chariot of his father, the blood of the Æthiopians was dried up, and
their skin became black, a colour which is still preserved among the
greatest part of the inhabitants of the torrid zone. The territories
of Libya were also parched up, according to the same tradition,
on account of their too great vicinity to the sun; and ever since,
Africa, unable to recover her original verdure and fruitfulness,
has exhibited a sandy country, and uncultivated waste. According to
those who explain this poetical fable, Phaeton was a Ligurian prince,
who studied astronomy, and in whose age the neighbourhood of the Po
was visited with uncommon heats. The horses of the sun are called
_Phaetontis equi_, either because they were guided by Phaeton, or
from the Greek word (φαεθων), which expresses the splendour and
lustre of that luminary. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 105.――_Hesiod_,
_Theogony_, li. 985.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, fable 17; bk. 2,
fable 1, &c.――_Apollonius_, bk. 4, _Argonautica_.――_Horace_, bk. 1,
ode 11.――_Seneca_, _Medea_.――_Apollodorus._――_Hyginus_, fable 156.
=Phaĕtontiădes=, or =Phaetontides=, the sisters of Phaeton, who were
changed into poplars by Jupiter. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2,
li. 346. _See:_ Heliades.
=Phaetūsa=, one of the Heliades changed into poplars, after the death
of their brother Phaeton. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 346.
=Phæus=, a town of Peloponnesus.
=Phagesia=, a festival among the Greeks, observed during the celebration
of the Dionysia. It received its name from the good _eating_ and
living that then universally prevailed, φαγειν.
=Phalacrine=, a village of the Sabines, where Vespasian was born.
_Suetonius_, _Vespasian_, ch. 2.
=Phalæ=, wooden towers at Rome, erected in the circus. _Juvenal_,
satire 6, li. 589.
=Phalæcus=, a general of Phocis against the Bœotians, killed at the
battle of Cheronæa. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.
=Phalæsia=, a town of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 35.
=Phalanna=, a town of Perrhæbia. _Livy_, bk. 42, ch. 54.
=Phalanthus=, a Lacedæmonian, who founded Tarentum in Italy, at the head
of the Partheniæ. His father’s name was Aracus. As he went to Italy
he was shipwrecked on the coast, and carried to shore by a dolphin,
and from that reason there was a dolphin placed near his statute in
the temple of Apollo at Delphi. _See:_ Partheniæ. He received divine
honours after death. _Justin_, bk. 3, ch. 4.――_Pausanias_, bk. 10,
ch. 10.――_Horace_, bk. 2, ode 6, li. 11.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 11,
li. 16.――――A town and mountain of the same name in Arcadia. _Persius_,
bk. 8, ch. 35.
=Phălăris=, a tyrant of Agrigentum, who made use of the most
excruciating torments to punish his subjects on the smallest
suspicion. Perillus made him a brazen bull, and when he had presented
it to Phalaris, the tyrant ordered the inventor to be seized, and the
first experiment to be made on his body. These cruelties did not long
remain unrevenged; the people of Agrigentum revolted in the tenth
year of his reign, and put him to death in the same manner as he
had tortured Perillus and many of his subjects after him, B.C. 552.
The brazen bull of Phalaris was carried by Amilcar to Carthage;
but when that city was taken by Scipio, it was delivered again to
the inhabitants of Agrigentum by the Romans. There are now some
letters extant written by a certain Abaris to Phalaris, with their
respective answers, but they are supposed by some to be spurious. The
best edition is that of the learned Boyle, Oxford, 1718. _Cicero_,
_Against Verres_, bk. 4; _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 7, ltr. 12;
_De Officiis_, bk. 2.――_Ovid_, _de Ars Amatoria_, bk. 1, li. 663.
――_Juvenal_, satire 8, li. 81.――_Pliny_, bk. 34, ch. 8.――_Diodorus._
――――A Trojan killed by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 762.
=Phalarium=, a citadel of Syracuse, where Phalaris’s bull was placed.
=Phalărus=, a river of Bœotia, falling into the Cephisus. _Pausanias_,
bk. 9, ch. 34.
=Phalcidon=, a town of Thessaly. _Polyænus_, bk. 4.
=Phaleas=, a philosopher and legislator, &c. _Aristotle._
=Phalēreus Demetrius.= _See:_ Demetrius.
=Phaleria=, a town of Thessaly. _Livy_, bk. 32, ch. 15.
=Phalēris=, a Corinthian who led a colony to Epidamnus from Corcyra.
=Phalēron=, or =Phalerum=, or =Phalera= (orum), or =Phalerus portus=,
an ancient harbour of Athens, about 25 stadia from the city, which,
for its situation and smallness, was not very fit for the reception
of many ships.――――A place of Thessaly.
=Phalērus=, a son of Alcon, one of the Argonauts. _Orpheus._
=Phalias=, a son of Hercules and Heliconis daughter of Thestius.
_Apollodorus._
=Phallĭca=, festivals observed by the Egyptians in honour of Osiris.
They receive their name from φαλλος _simulachrum ligneum membri
virilis_. The institution originated in this: After the murder
of Osiris, Isis was unable to recover among the other limbs the
privities of her husband; and therefore, as she paid particular
honour to every part of his body, she distinguished that which was
lost with more honour, and paid it more attention. Its representation,
called _phallus_, was made with wood, and carried during the sacred
festivals which were instituted in honour of Osiris. The people held
it in the greatest veneration; it was looked upon as an emblem of
fecundity, and the mention of it among the ancients never conveyed
any impure thought or lascivious reflection. The festivals of the
_phallus_ were imitated by the Greeks, and introduced into Europe by
the Athenians, who made the procession of the _phallus_ part of the
celebration of the Dionysia of the god of wine. Those that carried
the _phallus_, at the end of a long pole, were called _phallophori_.
They generally appeared among the Greeks, besmeared with the dregs of
wine, covered with skins of lambs, and wearing on their heads a crown
of ivy. _Lucian_, _de Syria Dea_.――_Plutarch_, _De Iside et Osiride_.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 2.
=Phalysius=, a citizen of Naupactum, who recovered his sight by reading
a letter sent him by Æsculapius. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, final chapter.
=Phanæus=, a promontory of the island of Chios, famous for its wines.
It was called after a king of the same name, who reigned there.
_Livy_, bk. 36, ch. 43.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 98.
=Phanaræa=, a town of Cappadocia. _Strabo._
=Phanas=, a famous Messenian, &c., who died B.C. 682.
=Phanes=, a man of Halicarnassus, who fled from Amasis king of Egypt,
to the court of Cambyses king of Persia, whom he advised, when he
invaded Egypt, to pass through Arabia. _Herodotus_, bk. 3, ch. 4.
=Phaneta=, a town of Epirus. _Livy_, bk. 32, ch. 28.
=Phanŏcles=, an elegiac poet of Greece, who wrote a poem on that
unnatural sin of which Socrates is accused by some. He supported
that Orpheus had been the first who disgraced himself by that
filthy indulgence. Some of his fragments are remaining. _Clement of
Alexandria_, _Stromateis_, bk. 6.
=Phanodēmus=, an historian who wrote on the antiquities of Attica.
=Phantasia=, a daughter of Nicarchus of Memphis, in Egypt. Some have
supposed that she wrote a poem on the Trojan war, and another on the
return of Ulysses to Ithaca, from which compositions Homer copied
the greatest part of his Iliad and Odyssey, when he visited Memphis,
where they were deposited.
=Phanus=, a son of Bacchus, who was among the Argonauts. _Apollodorus._
=Phaon=, a boatman of Mitylene in Lesbos. He received a small box of
ointment from Venus, who had presented herself to him in the form
of an old woman, to be carried over into Asia, and as soon as he
had rubbed himself with what the box contained, he became one of the
most beautiful men of his age. Many were captivated with the charms
of Phaon, and, among others, Sappho the celebrated poetess. Phaon
gave himself up to the pleasures of Sappho’s company; but, however,
he soon conceived a disdain for her, and Sappho, mortified at his
coldness, threw herself into the sea. Some say that Phaon was beloved
by the goddess of beauty, who concealed him for some time among
lettuces. Ælian says that Phaon was killed by a man whose bed he was
defiling. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 12.――_Ovid_, _Heroides_,
poem 21.――_Palæphatus_, _de Incredibilia_, ch. 49.――_Athenæus._
――_Lucian_, _Dialogi Mortuorum_, bk. 9.
=Phara=, a town of Africa, burnt by Scipio’s soldiers.
=Pharacĭdes=, a general of the Lacedæmonian fleet, who assisted
Dionysius the tyrant of Sicily against the Carthaginians. _Polyænus_,
bk. 2.
=Pharæ=, or =Pheræ=, a town of Crete.――――Another in Messenia.
_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 30. _See:_ Pheræ.
=Pharasmănes=, a king of Iberia, in the reign of Antoninus, &c.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 6, ch. 33.
=Pharax=, a Lacedæmonian officer, who attempted to make himself
absolute in Sicily.――――A Thessalian, whose son, called Cyanippus,
married a beautiful woman, called Leuconoe, who was torn to pieces
by his dogs. _Parthenius._
=Pharis=, a town of Laconia, whose inhabitants are called _Pharitæ_.
_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 30.――――A son of Mercury and Philodamea, who
built Pharæ in Messenia. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 30.
=Pharmecūsa=, an island of the Ægean sea, where Julius Cæsar was seized
by some pirates. _Suetonius_, _Cæsar_, ch. 4.――――Another, where was
shown Circe’s tomb. _Strabo._
=Pharnabāzus=, a satrap of Persia, son of a person of the same name,
B.C. 409. He assisted the Lacedæmonians against the Athenians,
and gained their esteem by his friendly behaviour and support. His
conduct, however, towards Alcibiades, was of the most perfidious
nature, and he did not scruple to betray to his mortal enemies the
man whom he had long honoured with his friendship. _Cornelius Nepos_,
_Alcibiades._――_Plutarch._――――An officer under Eumenes.――――A king of
Iberia.
=Pharnăce=, a town of Pontus. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 4.――――The mother of
Cinyras king of Pontus. _Suidas._
=Pharnăces=, a son of Mithridates king of Pontus, who favoured the
Romans against his father. He revolted against Mithridates, and even
caused him to be put to death, according to some accounts. In the
civil wars of Julius Cæsar and Pompey, he interested himself for
neither of the contending parties; upon which Cæsar turned his army
against him, and conquered him. It was to express the celerity of his
operations in conquering Pharnaces, that the victorious Roman made
use of these words, _Veni, vidi, vici_. _Florus_, bk. 3.――_Suetonius_,
_Cæsar_, ch. 37.――_Paterculus_, bk. 2, ch. 55.――――A king of Pontus,
who made war with Eumenes, B.C. 181.――――A king of Cappadocia.――――A
librarian of Atticus. _Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_.
=Pharnapātes=, a general of Orodes king of Parthia, killed in a battle
by the Romans.
=Pharnaspes=, the father of Cassandra the mother of Cambyses.
=Pharnus=, a king of Media, conquered by Ninus king of Assyria.
=Pharos=, a small island in the bay of Alexandria, about seven furlongs
distant from the continent. It was joined to the Egyptian shore
with a causeway by Dexiphanes, B.C. 284, and upon it was built a
celebrated tower, in the reign of Ptolemy Soter and Philadelphus,
by Sostratus the son of Dexiphanes. This tower, which was called the
tower of Pharos, and which passed for one of the seven wonders of the
world, was built with white marble, and could be seen at the distance
of 100 miles. On the top, fires were constantly kept to direct
sailors in the bay, which was dangerous and difficult of access.
The building of this tower cost the Egyptian monarch 800 talents,
which were equivalent to above 165,000_l._ English, if Attic, or if
Alexandrian, double that sum. There was this inscription upon it,
_King Ptolemy to the Gods the saviours, for the benefit of sailors_;
but Sostratus the architect, wishing to claim all the glory, engraved
his own name upon the stones, and afterwards filled the hollow with
mortar, and wrote the above-mentioned inscription. When the mortar
had decayed by time, Ptolemy’s name disappeared, and the following
inscription then became visible: _Sostratus the Cnidian, son of
Dexiphanes, to the Gods the saviours, for the benefit of sailors_.
The word _Pharius_ is often used as Egyptian. _Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 636;
bk. 3, li. 260; bk. 6, li. 308; bk. 9, li. 1005, &c.――_Ovid_, _Ars
Amatoria_, bk. 3, li. 635.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, chs. 31 & 85; bk. 36, ch.
13.――_Strabo_, bk. 17.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Pliny_, bk. 13, ch.
11.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 4.――_Flaccus_, bk. 2.――_Statius_, bk. 3,
_Sylvæ_, poem 2, li. 102.――――A watch-tower near Capreæ.――――An island
on the coast of Illyricum, now called _Lesina_. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.
――――The emperor Claudius ordered a tower to be built at the entrance
of the port of Ostia, for the benefit of sailors, and it likewise
bore the name of _Pharos_, an appellation afterwards given to every
other edifice which was raised to direct the course of sailors,
either with lights, or by signals. _Juvenal_, satire 11, li. 76.
――_Suetonius._
=Pharsălus=, now _Farsa_, a town of Thessaly, in whose neighbourhood
is a large plain called _Pharsalia_, famous for a battle which was
fought there between Julius Cæsar and Pompey, in which the former
obtained the victory. In that battle, which was fought on the 12th of
May, B.C. 48, Cæsar lost about 200 men, or, according to others, 1200.
Pompey’s loss was 15,000, or 25,000 according to others, and 24,000
of his army were made prisoners of war by the conqueror. _Lucan_,
bk. 1, &c.――_Plutarch_, _Pompey_ & _Cæsar_.――_Appian_, _Civil Wars_.
――_Cæsar_, _Civil War_.――_Suetonius_, _Cæsar_.――_Dio Cassius._
――――That poem of Lucan, in which he gives an account of the civil
wars of Cæsar and Pompey, bears the name of Pharsalia. _See:_ Lucanus.
=Pharte=, a daughter of Danaus. _Apollodorus._
=Pharus=, a Rutulian killed by Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10,
li. 322.
=Pharusii=, or =Phaurusii=, a people of Africa, beyond Mauritania.
_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 4.
=Pharybus=, a river of Macedonia, falling into the Ægean sea. It is
called by some Baphyrus.
=Pharycadon=, a town of Macedonia, on the Peneus. _Strabo_, bk. 9.
=Pharyge=, a town of Locris.
=Phasēlis=, a town of Pamphylia, at the foot of mount Taurus, which was
long the residence of pirates. _Strabo_, bk. 14.――_Lucan_, bk. 8, ch.
251.――_Cicero_, _On the Agrarian Law_, bk. 2, ch. 19.
=Phasiana=, a country of Asia, near the river Phasis. The inhabitants
called _Phasiani_, are of Egyptian origin.
=Phasias=, a patronymic given to Medea, as being born near the Phasis.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7.
=Phasis=, a son of Phœbus and Ocyroe.――――A river of Colchis, rising
in the mountains of Armenia, now called _Faoz_, and falling into the
east of the Euxine. It is famous for the expedition of the Argonauts,
who entered it after a long and perilous voyage, from which reason
all dangerous voyages have been proverbially intimated by the words
of _sailing to the Phasis_. There were on the banks of the Phasis
a great number of large birds, of which, according to some of the
ancients, the Argonauts brought some to Greece, and which were
called on that account _pheasants_. The Phasis was reckoned by
the ancients one of the largest rivers of Asia. _Pliny_, bk. 10,
ch. 48.――_Martial_, bk. 13, ltr. 62.――_Strabo_, bk. 11.――_Mela_,
bk. 1, ch. 19.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, &c.――_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 44.
――_Orpheus._
=Phassus=, a son of Lycaon. _Apollodorus._
=Phauda=, a town of Pontus.
=Phavorīnus=, a writer, the best edition of whose Greek Lexicon is that
in folio, Venice, 1712.
=Phayllus=, a tyrant of Ambracia.――――The brother of Onomarchus of
Phocis, &c. _See:_ Phocis. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 2.
=Phea=, or =Pheia=, a town of Elis. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 7.
=Phecadum=, an inland town of Macedonia. _Livy_, bk. 31, ch. 41.
=Phegeus=, or =Phlegeus=, a companion of Æneas, killed by Turnus.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 765.――――Another, likewise killed
by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 371, &c.――――A priest
of Bacchus, the father of Alphesibœa, who purified Alcmæon of his
mother’s murder, and gave him his daughter in marriage. He was
afterwards put to death by the children of Alcmæon by Callirhoe,
because he had ordered Alcmæon to be killed when he had attempted to
recover a collar which he had given to his daughter. _See:_ Alcmæon.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9, li. 412.
=Phellia=, a river of Laconia. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 20.
=Phelloe=, a town of Achaia near Ægira, where Bacchus and Diana each
had a temple. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 26.
=Phellus=, a place of Attica.――――A town of Elis, near Olympia. _Strabo._
=Phemius=, a man introduced by Homer as a musician among Penelope’s
suitors. Some say that he taught Homer, for which the grateful poet
immortalized his name. _Homer_, _Odyssey_.――――A man who, according
to some, wrote an account of the return of the Greeks from the
Trojan war. The word is applied by Ovid, _Amores_, bk. 3, li. 7,
indiscriminately to any person who excels in music.
=Phemonoe=, a priestess of Apollo, who is supposed to have invented
heroic verses. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 6.
=Phenēum=, a town of Arcadia, whose inhabitants, called _Pheneatæ_,
worshipped Mercury. _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3.
=Pheneus=, a town with a lake of the same name in Arcadia, whose waters
were unwholesome in the night and wholesome in the daytime. _Cicero_,
_de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3, ch. 22.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 165.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 332.――――A son of Melas, killed
by Tydeus. _Apollodorus._
=Pheræ=, a town of Thessaly, where the tyrant Alexander reigned, whence
he was called _Pheræus_. _Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Cicero_, bk. 2, _de
Officis_.――_Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 321.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 9,
ch. 13.――――A town of Attica.――――Another in Laconia in Peloponnesus.
_Livy_, bk. 35, ch. 30.
=Pheræus=, a surname of Jason, as being a native of Pheræ.
=Pheraules=, a Persian whom Cyrus raised from poverty to affluence.
He afterwards gave up all his possessions to enjoy tranquillity in
retirement. _Xenophon_, _Cyropaedia_.
=Pherĕclus=, one of the Greeks during the Trojan war. _Ovid_,
_Heroides_, poem 15.――――A pilot of the ship of Theseus, when he went
to Crete. _Plutarch_, _Theseus_.
=Pherēcrătes=, a comic poet of Athens, in the age of Plato and
Aristophanes. He is supposed to have written 21 comedies, of which
only a few verses remain. He introduced living characters on the
stage, but never abused the liberty which he had taken, either by
satire or defamation. He invented a sort of verse, which from him has
been called _Pherecratian_. It consisted of the three last feet of
an hexameter verse, of which the first was always a spondee, as for
instance, the third verse of Horace’s bk. 1, ode 5, _Grato Pyrrha sub
antro._――――Another, descended from Deucalion. _Cicero_, _Tusculanæ
Disputationes_.