He obtained the name and privileges of a Roman citizen by his
genius and the brilliancy of his learning. His style is rough and
unpolished, but his defects, which are more particularly attributed
to the age in which he lived, have been fully compensated by the
energy of his expressions and the fire of his poetry. Quintilian
warmly commends him, and Virgil has shown his merits by introducing
many whole lines from his poetry into his own compositions, which
he calls pearls gathered from the dunghill. Ennius wrote in heroic
verse 18 books of the annals of the Roman republic, and displayed
much knowledge of the world in some dramatical and satirical
compositions. He died of the gout, contracted by frequent
intoxication, about 169 years before the christian era, in the
70th year of his age. Ennius was intimate with the great men of his
age; he accompanied Cato in his questorship in Sardinia, and was
esteemed by him of greater value than the honours of a triumph; and
Scipio, on his death-bed, ordered his body to be buried by the side
of his poetical friend. This epitaph was said to be written upon him:
_Aspicite, o cives, senis Ennii imaginis formam!
Hic vestrum pinxit maxima facta patrum.
Nemo me lacrymis decoret, neque funera fletu
Faxit: cur? volito vivus per ora virûm._
Conscious of his merit as the first epic poet of Rome, Ennius
bestowed on himself the appellation of the Homer of Latium. Of the
tragedies, comedies, annals, and satires which he wrote, nothing
remains but fragments happily collected from the quotations of
ancient authors. The best edition of these is by Hesselius, 4to,
Amsterdam, 1707. _Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 2, li. 424.――_Cicero_, _de
Finibus Bonorum et Malorum_, bk. 1, ch. 4; _De Officiis_, bk. 2,
ch. 18.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Lucretius_, bk. 1, li. 117,
&c.――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Cato_.
=Ennŏmus=, a Trojan prince killed by Achilles. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2,
li. 365; bk. 11, li. 422.
=Ennosigæus=, _terræ concussor_, a surname of Neptune. _Juvenal_,
satire 10, li. 182.
=Enŏpe=, a town of Peloponnesus near Pylos. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 26.
=Enops=, a shepherd loved by the nymph Nesis, by whom he had Satnius.
_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 14.――――The father of Thestos.――――A Trojan
killed by Patroclus. _Iliad_, bk. 16.
=Enos=, a maritime town of Thrace.
=Enosichthon=, a surname of Neptune.
=Enotocœtæ=, a nation whose ears are described as hanging down to
their heels. _Strabo._
=Entella=, a town of Sicily inhabited by Campanians. _Silius Italicus_,
bk. 14, li. 205.――_Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 3, ch. 43.
=Entellus=, a famous athlete among the friends of Æneas. He was
intimate with Eryx, and entered the lists against Dares, whom he
conquered in the funeral games of Anchises in Sicily. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 387, &c.
=Enyalius=, a surname of Mars.
=Enȳo=, a sister of Mars, called by the Latins Bellona, supposed by
some to be daughter of Phorcys and Ceto. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 10,
li. 203.
=Eone=, a daughter of Thespius. _Apollodorus._
=Eordæa=, a district at the west of Macedonia. _Livy_, bk. 31, ch. 39;
bk. 33, ch. 8; bk. 42, ch. 53.
=Eos=, the name of Aurora among the Greeks, whence the epithet Eous
is applied to all the eastern parts of the world. _Ovid_, _Fasti_,
bk. 3, li. 406; _Ars Amatoria_, bk. 3, li. 537; bk. 6, li. 478.
――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 1, li. 288; bk. 2, li. 115.
=Eōus=, one of the horses of the sun. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2,
li. 153, &c.
=Epāgris=, one of the Cyclades, called by Aristotle _Hydrussa_.
_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.
=Epaminondas=, a famous Theban descended from the ancient kings of
Bœotia. His father’s name was Polymnus. He has been celebrated for
his private virtues and military accomplishments. His love of truth
was so great that he never disgraced himself by falsehood. He formed
a most sacred and inviolable friendship with Pelopidas, whose life
he saved in battle. By his advice Pelopidas delivered Thebes from
the power of Lacedæmon. This was the signal of war. Epaminondas was
set at the head of the Theban armies, and defeated the Spartans at
the celebrated battle of Leuctra, about 371 years B.C. Epaminondas
made a proper use of this victorious campaign, and entered the
territories of Lacedæmon with 50,000 men. Here he gained many
friends and partisans; but at his return to Thebes he was seized as
a traitor for violating the laws of his country. While he was making
the Theban arms victorious on every side, he neglected the law
which forbade any citizen to retain in his hands the supreme power
more than one month, and all his eminent services seemed unable to
redeem him from death. He paid implicit obedience to the laws of his
country, and only begged of his judges that it might be inscribed on
his tomb that he had suffered death for saving his country from ruin.
This animated reproach was felt; he was pardoned and invested again
with the sovereign power. He was successful in a war in Thessaly,
and assisted the Eleans against the Lacedæmonians. The hostile
armies met near Mantinea, and while Epaminondas was bravely fighting
in the thickest of the enemy, he received a fatal wound in the
breast and expired, exclaiming that he died unconquered, when he
heard that the Bœotians obtained the victory, in the 48th year of
his age, 363 years before Christ. The Thebans severely lamented
his death; in him their power was extinguished, for only during his
life they had enjoyed freedom and independence among the Grecian
states. Epaminondas was frugal as well as virtuous, and he refused
with indignation the rich presents which were offered to him by
Artaxerxes the king of Persia. He is represented by his biographer
as an elegant dancer and a skilful musician, accomplishments highly
esteemed among his countrymen. _Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_.
――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Epaminondas_.――_Xenophon_, _Hellenica_.
――_Diodorus_, bk. 15.――_Polybius_, bk. 1.
=Epantelii=, a people of Italy.
=Epaphrodītus=, a freedman punished with death for assisting Nero to
destroy himself. _Suetonius_, _Nero_.――――A freedman of Augustus,
sent as a spy to Cleopatra. _Plutarch._――――A name assumed by Sylla.
=Epăphus=, a son of Jupiter and Io, who founded a city in Egypt,
which he called Memphis, in honour of his wife, who was the daughter
of the Nile. He had a daughter called Libya, who became mother of
Ægyptus and Danaus by Neptune. He was worshipped as a god at Memphis.
_Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 153.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1,
li. 699, &c.
=Epasnactus=, a Gaul in alliance with Rome, &c. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_,
bk. 8, ch. 44.
=Epebŏlus=, a soothsayer of Messenia, who prevented Aristodemus from
obtaining the sovereignty. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 9, &c.
=Epēi= and =Elēi=, a people of Peloponnesus. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 5.
=Epetium=, now _Viscio_, a town of Illyricum.
=Epēus=, a son of Endymion, brother to Pæon, who reigned in a part of
Peloponnesus. His subjects were called from him Epei. _Pausanias_,
bk. 5, ch. 1.――――A son of Panopeus, who was the fabricator of the
famous wooden horse, which proved the ruin of Troy. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 264.――_Justin_, bk. 20, ch. 2.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 10, ch. 26.
=Ephĕsus=, a city of Ionia, built, as Justin mentions, by the Amazons;
or by Androchus son of Codrus, according to Strabo; or by Ephesus, a
son of the river Cayster. It is famous for a temple of Diana, which
was reckoned one of the seven wonders of the world. This temple was
425 feet long and 200 feet broad. The roof was supported by 127
columns, 60 feet high, which had been placed there by so many kings.
Of these columns, 36 were carved in the most beautiful manner, one
of which was the work of the famous Scopas. This celebrated building
was not totally completed till 220 years after its foundation.
Ctesiphon was the chief architect. There was above the entrance
a huge stone, which, according to Pliny, had been placed there by
Diana herself. The riches which were in the temple were immense,
and the goddess who presided over it was worshipped with the most
awful solemnity. This celebrated temple was burnt on the night that
Alexander was born [_See:_ Erostratus], and soon after it rose from
its ruins with more splendour and magnificence. Alexander offered
to rebuild it at his own expense, if the Ephesians would place upon
it an inscription which denoted the name of the benefactor. This
generous offer was refused by the Ephesians, who observed, in the
language of adulation, that it was improper that one deity should
raise temples to the other. Lysimachus ordered the town of Ephesus
to be called Arsinoe, in honour of his wife; but after his death
the new appellation was lost, and the town was again known by its
ancient name. Though modern authors are not agreed about the ancient
ruins of this once famed city, some have given the barbarous name
of _Ajasalouc_ to what they conjecture to be the remains of Ephesus.
The words _literæ Ephesiæ_ are applied to letters containing magical
powers. _Pliny_, bk. 36, ch. 14.――_Strabo_, bks. 12 & 14.――_Mela_,
bk. 1, ch. 17.――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 2.――_Plutarch_, _Alexander_.
――_Justin_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Callimachus_, _Hymn to Artemis_.
――_Ptolemy_, bk. 5.――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 2.
=Ephĕtæ=, a number of magistrates at Athens, first instituted by
Demophoon the son of Theseus. They were reduced to the number of
51 by Draco, who, according to some, first established them. They
were superior to the Areopagites, and their privileges were great
and numerous. Solon, however, lessened their power, and entrusted
them only with the trial of manslaughter and conspiracy against the
life of a citizen. They were all more than 50 years old, and it was
required that their manners should be pure and innocent, and their
behaviour austere and full of gravity.
=Ephialtes=, or =Ephialtus=, a giant, son of Neptune, who grew nine
inches every month. _See:_ Aloeus.――――An Athenian, famous for his
courage and strength. He fought with the Persians against Alexander,
and was killed at Halicarnassus. _Diodorus_, bk. 17.――――A Trachinian
who led a detachment of the army of Xerxes by a secret path to
attack the Spartans at Thermopylæ. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 4.
――_Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 213.
=Ephŏri=, powerful magistrates at Sparta, who were first created by
Lycurgus; or, according to some, by Theopompus, B.C. 760. They were
five in number. Like censors in the state, they could check and
restrain the authority of the kings, and even imprison them, if
guilty of irregularities. They fined Archidamus for marrying a
wife of small stature, and imprisoned Agis for his unconstitutional
behaviour. They were much the same as the tribunes of the people
at Rome, created to watch with a jealous eye over the liberties and
rights of the populace. They had the management of the public money,
and were the arbiters of peace and war. Their office was annual, and
they had the privilege of convening, proroguing, and dissolving the
greater and less assemblies of the people. The former was composed
of 9000 Spartans, all inhabitants of the city; the latter of 33,000
Lacedæmonians, inhabitants of the inferior towns and villages.
_Cornelius Nepos_, _Pausanias_, ch. 3.――_Aristotle_, _Politics_,
bk. 2, ch. 7.
=Ephŏrus=, an orator and historian of Cumæ in Æolia, about 352 years
before Christ. He was disciple to Isocrates, by whose advice he
wrote a history which gave an account of all the actions and battles
that had happened between the Greeks and barbarians for 750 years.
It was greatly esteemed by the ancients. It is now lost. _Quintilian_,
bk. 10, ch. 1.
=Ephy̆ra=, the ancient name of Corinth, which it received from a nymph
of the same name, and thence _Ephyreus_ is applied to Dyrrhachium,
founded by a Grecian colony. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 264.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 239.――_Lucan_, bk. 6, li. 17.
――_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 4, li. 59.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 14,
li. 181.――――A city of Threspotia in Epirus.――――Another in Elis.
――――Ætolia.――――One of Cyrene’s attendants. _Virgil_, _Georgics_,
bk. 4, li. 343.
=Epicaste=, a name of Jocasta the mother and wife of Œdipus.
_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 5.――――A daughter of Ægeus, mother of
Thestalus by Hercules.
=Epicerides=, a man of Cyrene, greatly esteemed by the Athenians for
his beneficence. _Demosthenes._
=Epichăris=, a woman accused of conspiracy against Nero. She refused
to confess the associates of her guilt, though exposed to the
greatest torments, &c. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 15, ch. 51.
=Epicharmus=, a poet and Pythagorean philosopher of Sicily,
who introduced comedy at Syracuse, in the reign of Hiero. His
compositions were imitated by Plautus. He wrote some treatises upon
philosophy and medicine, and observed that the gods sold all their
kindnesses for toil and labour. According to Aristotle and Pliny, he
added the two letters χ and θ to the Greek alphabet. He flourished
about 440 years before Christ, and died in the 90th year of his age.
_Horace_, bk. 2, ltr. 1, li. 58.――_Diogenes Laërtius_, bks. 3 & 8.
――_Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 1, ltr. 19.
=Epicles=, a Trojan prince killed by Ajax. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 12,
li. 378.
=Epiclīdes=, a Lacedæmonian of the family of the Eurysthenidæ. He
was raised to the throne by his brother Cleomenes III. in the place
of Agis, against the laws and constitution of Sparta. _Pausanias_,
bk. 2, ch. 9.
=Epicrătes=, a Milesian, servant to Julius Cæsar.――――A poet of
Ambracia. _Ælian._――――The name is applied to Pompey, as expressive
of supreme authority. _Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 3, ltr. 3.
=Epictētus=, a stoic philosopher of Hieropolis in Phrygia, originally
the slave of Epaphroditus, the freedman of Nero. Though driven
from Rome by Domitian, he returned after the emperor’s death, and
gained the esteem of Adrian and Marcus Aurelius. Like the Stoics
he supported the doctrine of the immortality of the soul, but he
declared himself strongly against suicide, which was so warmly
adopted by his sect. He died in a very advanced age. The earthen
lamp of which he made use was sold some time after his death for
3000 drachmas. His _Enchiridion_ is a faithful picture of the
stoic philosophy, and his dissertations which were delivered to his
pupils, were collected by Arrian. His style is concise and devoid
of all ornament, full of energy and useful maxims. The value of his
compositions is well known from the saying of the emperor Antoninus,
who thanked the gods he could collect from the writings of Epictetus
wherewith to conduct life with honour to himself and advantage
to his country. There are several good editions of the works of
Epictetus, with those of Cebes and others; the most valuable of
which, perhaps, will be found to be that of Reland, Utrecht, 4to,
1711; and Arrian’s by Upton, 2 vols. 4to, London, 1739.
=Epĭcūrus=, a celebrated philosopher, son of Neocles and Cherestrata,
born at Gargettus in Attica. Though his parents were poor and
of an obscure origin, yet he was early sent to school, where he
distinguished himself by the brilliancy of his genius, and at the
age of 12, when his preceptor repeated to him this verse from Hesiod,
Ἠτοι μεν πρωτιστα χαος γενετ’, &c.,
_In the beginning of things the Chaos was created_,
Epicurus earnestly asked him who created it? To this the teacher
answered that he knew not, but only philosophers. “Then,” says the
youth, “philosophers henceforth shall instruct me.” After having
improved himself, and enriched his mind by travelling, he visited
Athens, which was then crowded by the followers of Plato, the Cynics,
the Peripatetics, and the Stoics. Here he established himself, and
soon attracted a number of followers by the sweetness and gravity
of his manners, and by his social virtues. He taught them that the
happiness of mankind consisted in pleasure, not such as arises from
sensual gratification, or from vice, but from the enjoyments of the
mind, and the sweets of virtue. This doctrine was warmly attacked
by the philosophers of the different sects, and particularly by the
Stoics. They observed that he disgraced the gods by representing
them as inactive, given up to pleasure, and unconcerned with the
affairs of mankind. He refuted all the accusations of his adversaries
by the purity of his morals, and by his frequent attendance on
places of public worship. When Leontium, one of his female pupils,
was accused of prostituting herself to her master and to all his
disciples, the philosopher proved the falsity of the accusation by
silence and an exemplary life. His health was at last impaired by
continual labour, and he died of a retention of urine, which long
subjected him to the most excruciating torments, and which he bore
with unparalleled fortitude. His death happened 270 years before
Christ, in the 72nd year of his age. His disciples showed their
respect for the memory of their learned preceptor, by the unanimity
which prevailed among them. While philosophers in every sect were
at war with mankind and among themselves, the followers of Epicurus
enjoyed perfect peace, and lived in the most solid friendship. The
day of his birth was observed with universal festivity, and during
a month all his admirers gave themselves up to mirth and innocent
amusement. Of all the philosophers of antiquity, Epicurus is the
only one whose writings deserve attention for their number. He
wrote no less than 300 volumes, according to Diogenes Laërtius;
and Chrysippus was so jealous of the fecundity of his genius,
that no sooner had Epicurus published one of his volumes, than
he immediately composed one, that he might not be overcome in the
number of his productions. Epicurus, however, advanced truth and
arguments unknown before; but Chrysippus said what others long ago
had said, without showing anything which might be called originality.
The followers of Epicurus were numerous in every age and country;
his doctrines were rapidly disseminated over the world, and when
the gratification of the sense was substituted to the practice of
virtue, the morals of mankind were undermined and destroyed. Even
Rome, whose austere simplicity had happily nurtured virtue, felt the
attack, and was corrupted. When Cineas spoke of the tenets of the
Epicureans in the Roman senate, Fabricius indeed entreated the gods
that all the enemies of the republic might become his followers.
But those were the feeble efforts of expiring virtue; and when
Lucretius introduced the popular doctrine in poetical composition,
the smoothness and beauty of the numbers contributed, with the
effeminacy of the Epicureans, to enervate the conquerors of
the world. _Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives and Opinions of Eminent
Philosophers_.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 4, ch. 13.――_Cicero_,
_de Natura Deorum_, bk. 1, chs. 24 & 25; _Tusculanæ Disputationes_,
bk. 3, ch. 49; _De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum_, bk. 2, ch. 22.
=Epicydes=, a tyrant of Syracuse, B.C. 213.
=Epidamnus=, a town of Macedonia on the Adriatic, nearly opposite
Brundusium. The Romans planted there a colony, which they called
_Dyrrachium_, considering the ancient name (_ad damnum_) ominous.
_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 10.――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 23.――_Plautus_,
_Menæchmi_, scene 2, act 1, li. 42.
=Epidaphne=, a town of Syria, called also Antioch. Germanicus son of
Drusus died there. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 2, ch. 83.
=Epidauria=, a festival at Athens in honour of Æsculapius.――――A country
of Peloponnesus.
=Epidaurus=, a town at the north of Argolis in Peloponnesus, chiefly
dedicated to the worship of Æsculapius, who had there a famous
temple. It received its name from Epidaurus son of Argus and Evadne.
It is now called _Pidaura_. _Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_,
bk. 3, li. 44.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 21.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.
――――A town of Dalmatia, now _Ragusi Vecchio_,――――of Laconia.
=Epidium=, one of the western isles of Scotland, or the Mull of
Cantyre, according to some. _Ptolemy._
=Epidius=, a man who wrote concerning unusual prodigies. _Pliny_,
bk. 16, ch. 25.
=Epidotæ=, certain deities who presided over the birth and growth
of children, and were known among the Romans by the name of _Dii
Averrunci_. They were worshipped by the Lacedæmonians, and chiefly
invoked by those who were persecuted by the ghosts of the dead, &c.
_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 17, &c.
=Epigĕnes=, a Babylonian astrologer and historian. _Pliny_, bk. 7,
ch. 56.
=Epigeus=, a Greek killed by Hector.
=Epigŏni=, the sons and descendants of the Grecian heroes who were
killed in the first Theban war. The war of the Epigoni is famous
in ancient history. It was undertaken 10 years after the first. The
sons of those who had perished in the first war resolved to avenge
the death of their fathers, and marched against Thebes, under the
command of Thersander; or, according to others, of Alcmæon the son
of Amphiaraus. The Argives were assisted by the Corinthians, the
people of Messina, Arcadia, and Megara. The Thebans had engaged
all their neighbours in their quarrel, as in one common cause, and
the two hostile armies met and engaged on the banks of the Glissas.
The fight was obstinate and bloody, but victory declared for the
Epigoni, and some of the Thebans fled to Illyricum with Leodamas
their general, while others retired into Thebes, where they were
soon besieged and forced to surrender. In this war Ægialeus alone
was killed, and his father Adrastus was the only person who escaped
alive in the first war. This whole war, as Pausanias observes,
was written in verse; and Callinus, who quotes some of the verses,
ascribes them to Homer, which opinion has been adopted by many
writers. “For my part,” continues the geographer, “I own that,
next to the Iliad and Odyssey of Homer, I have never seen a finer
poem.” _Pausanias_, bk. 6, chs. 9 & 25.――_Apollodorus_, bks. 1 & 3.
――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――――This name has been applied to the sons
of those Macedonian veterans, who in the age of Alexander formed
connections with the women of Asia.
=Epĭgŏnus=, a mathematician of Ambracia.
=Epigranea=, a fountain in Bœotia. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 7.
=Epīi= and =Epēi=, a people of Elis.
=Epilarus=, a daughter of Thespius. _Apollodorus._
=Epimĕlĭdes=, the founder of Corone. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 34.
=Epimĕnes=, a man who conspired against Alexander’s life. _Curtius_,
bk. 8, ch. 6.
=Epimenĭdes=, an epic poet of Crete, contemporary with Solon. His
father’s name was Agiasarchus and his mother’s Blasta. He is
reckoned one of the seven wise men by those who exclude Periander
from the number. While he was tending his flocks one day, he entered
into a cave, where he fell asleep. His sleep continued for 40 or 47,
or according to Pliny, 57 years, and when he awoke, he found every
object so considerably altered, that he scarce knew where he was.
His brother apprised him of the length of his sleep, to his great
astonishment. It is supposed that he lived 289 years. After death he
was revered as a god, and greatly honoured by the Athenians, whom he
had delivered from a plague, and to whom he had given many good and
useful counsels. He is said to be the first who built temples in
the Grecian communities. _Cicero_, _de Divinatione_, bk. 1, ch. 34.
――_Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers_.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 14.――_Plutarch_, _Solon_.――_Valerius
Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 13.――_Strabo_, bk. 10.――_Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 12.
=Epĭmētheus=, a son of Japetus and Clymene, one of the Oceanides, who
inconsiderately married Pandora, by whom he had Pyrrha the wife of
Deucalian. He had the curiosity to open the box which Pandora had
brought with her [_See:_ Pandora], and from thence issued a train of
evils, which from that moment have never ceased to afflict the human
race. Hope was the only one which remained at the bottom of the
box, not having sufficient time to escape, and it is she alone which
comforts men under misfortunes. Epimetheus was changed into a monkey
by the gods, and sent into the island of Pithecusa. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 1, chs. 2 & 7.――_Hyginus_, fable.――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_. _See:_
Prometheus.
=Epĭmēthis=, a patronymic of Pyrrha the daughter of Epimetheus. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 390.
=Epĭochus=, a son of Lycurgus, who received divine honours in Arcadia.
=Epiŏne=, the wife of Æsculapius. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 29.
=Epiphanea=, a town of Cilicia, near Issus, now _Surpendkar_. _Pliny_,
bk. 5, ch. 27.――_Cicero_, _Letters to his Friends_, bk. 15, ltr. 4.
――――Another of Syria on the Euphrates. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 24.
=Epiphănes= (_illustrious_), a surname given to the Antiochi, kings of
Syria.――――A surname of one of the Ptolemies, the fifth of the house
of the Lagidæ. _Strabo_, bk. 17.
=Epipanius=, a bishop of Salamis, who was active in refuting the
writings of Origen; but his compositions are more valuable for the
fragments which they preserve than for their own intrinsic merit.
The only edition is by _Dionysius Petavius_, 2 vols., Paris, 1622.
The bishop died A.D. 403.