one year. There were two consuls, a _consulendo_, annually chosen in
the Campus Martius. The two first consuls were Lucius Junius Brutus
and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, chosen A.U.C. 244, after the
expulsion of the Tarquins. In the first ages of the republic, the
two consuls were always chosen from patrician families, or noblemen;
but the people obtained the privilege, A.U.C. 388, of electing one
of their consuls from their own body; and sometimes both were
plebeians. The first consul among the plebeians was Lucius Sextius.
It was required that every candidate for the consulship should be
43 years of age, called _legitimum tempus_. He was always to appear
at the election as a private man, without a retinue; and it was
requisite, before he canvassed for the office, to have discharged
the inferior functions of questor, edile, and pretor. Sometimes
these qualifications were disregarded. Valerius Corvinus was made
a consul in his 23rd year, and Scipio in his 24th. Young Marius,
Pompey, and Augustus, were also under the proper age when they
were invested with the office, and Pompey had never been questor
or pretor. The power of the consuls was unbounded, and they knew
no superior but the gods and the laws; but after the expiration of
their office, their conduct was minutely scrutinized by the people,
and ♦misbehaviour was often punished by the laws. The badge of their
office was the _prætexta_, a robe fringed with purple, afterwards
exchanged for the _toga picta_ or _palmata_. They were preceded
by 12 lictors, carrying the _fasces_, or bundle of sticks, in the
middle of which appeared an axe. The axe, as being the characteristic
rather of tyranny than of freedom, was taken away from the _fasces_
by Valerius Poplicola, but it was restored by his successor. The
consuls took it by turns, monthly to be preceded by the lictors
while at Rome, lest the appearance of two persons with their badges
of royal authority should raise apprehensions in the multitude.
While one appeared publicly in state, only a crier walked before
the other, and the lictors followed behind without the fasces. Their
authority was equal; yet the Valerian law gave the right of priority
to the older, and the Julian law to him who had the most children,
and he was generally called _consul major_ or _prior_. As their
power was absolute, they presided over the senate, and could convene
and dismiss it at pleasure. The senators were their counsellors;
and among the Romans, the manner of reckoning their years was by the
name of the consuls, and by _Marcus Tullius Cicerone_ & _L. Antonio
Consulibus_, for instance, the year of Rome 691 was always understood.
This custom lasted from the year of Rome 244 till the year 1294,
or 541st year of the christian era, when the consular office was
totally suppressed by Justinian. In public assemblies the consuls
sat in ivory chairs and held in their hands an ivory wand, called
_scipio eburneus_, which had an eagle on its top, as a sign of
dignity and power. When they had drawn by lot the provinces over
which they were to preside during their consulship, they went to
the Capitol to offer their prayers to the gods, and entreat them
to protect the republic; after this they departed from the city,
arrayed in their military dress, and preceded by the lictors.
Sometimes the provinces were assigned them, without drawing by lot,
by the will and appointment of the senators. At their departure they
were provided by the state with whatever was requisite during their
expedition. In their provinces they were both attended by the 12
lictors, and equally invested with regal authority. They were not
permitted to return to Rome without the special command of the
senate, and they always remained in their province till the arrival
of their successor. At their return they harangued the people,
and solemnly protested that they had done nothing against the laws
or interest of their country, but had faithfully and diligently
endeavoured to promote the greatness and welfare of the state. No
man could be consul two following years; yet this institution was
sometimes broken, and we find Marius re-elected consul, after the
expiration of his office, during the Cimprian war. The office of
consul, so dignified during the times of the commonwealth, became a
mere title under the emperors, and retained nothing of its authority
but the useless ensigns of original dignity. Even the office of
consul, which was originally annual, was reduced to two or three
months by Julius Cæsar; but they who were admitted on the 1st of
January denominated the year, and were called _ordinarii_. Their
successors, during the year, were distinguished by the name of
_suffecti_. Tiberius and Claudius abridged the time of the consulship,
and the emperor Commodus made no less than 25 consuls in one year.
Constantine the Great renewed the original institution, and permitted
them to be a whole year in office.――――Here is annexed a list of the
consuls from the establishment of the consular power to the battle
of Actium, in which it may be said that the authority of the consuls
was totally extinguished.
♦ ‘misbehavour’ replaced with ‘misbehaviour’
The first two consuls, chosen about the middle of June, A.U.C.
244, were Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus.
Collatinus retired from Rome as being of the family of the Tarquins,
and Publius Valerius was chosen in his room. When Brutus was killed
in battle, Spurius Lucretius was elected to succeed him; and after
the death of Lucretius, Marcus Horatius was chosen for the rest of
the year with Valerius Publicola. The first consulship lasted about
16 months, during which the Romans fought against the Tarquins, and
the Capitol was dedicated.
A.U.C. 246. Publius Valerius Publicola 2; Titus Lucretius. Porsenna
supported the claims of Tarquin. The noble actions of Cocles,
Scævola, and Clœlia.
A.U.C. 247. Publius Lucretius, or Marcus Horatius; Publius Valerius
Publicola 3. The vain efforts of Porsenna continued.
A.U.C. 248. Spurius Lartius; Titus Herminus. Victories obtained over
the Sabines.
A.U.C. 249. Marcus Valerius; Publius Postumius. Wars with the
Sabines continued.
A.U.C. 250. Publius Valerius 4; Titus Lucretius 2.
A.U.C. 251. Agrippa Menenius; Publius Postumius 2. The death of
Publicola.
A.U.C. 252. Opiter Virginius; Spurius Cassius. Sabine war.
A.U.C. 253. Postumius Cominius; Titus Lartius. A conspiracy of
slaves at Rome.
A.U.C. 254. Servvius Sulpicius; Marcus Tullus.
A.U.C. 255. Publius Veturius Geminus; Titus Æbutius Elva.
A.U.C. 256. Titus Lartius 2; Quintus Clœlius. War with the Latins.
A.U.C. 257. Aulus Sempronius Atratinus; Marcus Minucius.
A.U.C. 258. Aulus Postumius; Titus Virginius. The battle of Regillæ.
A.U.C. 259. Appius Claudius; Publius Servilius. War with the Volsci.
A.U.C. 260. Aulus Virginius; Titus Veturius. The dissatisfied people
retired to Mons Sacer.
A.U.C. 261. Postumius Cominius 2; Spurius Cassius 2. A reconciliation
between the senate and people, and the election of the tribunes.
A.U.C. 262. Titus Geganius; Publius Minucius. A famine at Rome.
A.U.C. 263. Marcus Minucius 2; Aulus Sempronius 2. The haughty
behaviour of Coriolanus to the populace.
A.U.C. 264. Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus; Spurius Lartius Flavus 2.
Coriolanus retires to the Volsci.
A.U.C. 265. Caius Julius; Paius Pinarius. The Volsci make
declarations of war.
A.U.C. 266. Spurius Nautius; Sextus Furius. Coriolanus forms the
siege of Rome. He retires at the entreaties of his mother and wife,
and dies.
A.U.C. 267. Titus Sicinius; Caius Aquilius. The Volsci defeated.
A.U.C. 268. Spurius Cassius 3; Proculus Virginius. Cassius aspires
to tyranny.
A.U.C. 269. Servius Cornelius; Quintus Fabius. Cassius is condemned,
and thrown down the Tarpeian rock.
A.U.C. 270. Lucius Æmilius; Cæsio Fabius. The Æqui and Volsci
defeated.
A.U.C. 271. Marcus Fabius; Lucius Valerius.
A.U.C. 272. Qucius Fabius 2; Caius Julius. War with the Æqui.
A.U.C. 273. Cæsio Fabius 2; Spurius Furius. War continued with the
Æqui and Veientes.
A.U.C. 274. Marcus Fabius 2; Cnæus Manlius. Victory over the Hernici.
A.U.C. 275. Cæsio Fabius 3; Titus Virginius. The march of the Fabii
to the river Cremera.
A.U.C. 276. Lucius Æmilius 2; C. Servilius. The wars continued
against the neighbouring states.
A.U.C. 277. Caius Horatius; Titus Menenius. The defeat and death of
the 300 Fabii.
A.U.C. 278. Spurius Servilius; Aulus Virginius. Menenius brought to
his trial for the defeat of the armies under him.
A.U.C. 279. Caius Nautius; Publius Valerius.
A.U.C. 280. Lucius Furius; Cublius Manlius. A truce of 40 years
granted to the Veientes.
A.U.C. 281. Lucius Æmilius 3; Virginius or Vopiscus Julius. The
tribune Genutius murdered in his bed for his seditions.
A.U.C. 282. Lucius Pinarius; Publius Furius.
A.U.C. 283. Appius Claudius; Titus Quintius. The Roman army suffer
themselves to be defeated by the Volsci on account of their hatred
to Appius, while his colleague is boldly and cheerfully obeyed
against the Æqui.
A.U.C. 284. Lucius Valerius 2; Tiberius Æmilius. Appius is cited to
take his trial before the people, and dies before the day of trial.
A.U.C. 285. Titus Numicius Priscus; Aulus Virginius.
A.U.C. 286. Tulus Quintius 2; Quintus Servilius.
A.U.C. 287. Tiberius Æmilius 2; Quintus Fabius.
A.U.C. 288. Quintus Servilius 2; Spurius Postumius.
A.U.C. 289. Quintus Fabius 2; Titus Quintius 3. In the census made
this year, which was the ninth, there were found 124,214 citizens
in Rome.
A.U.C. 290. Aulus Postumius; Spurius Furius.
A.U.C. 291. Lucius Æbutius; Publius Servilius. A plague at Rome.
A.U.C. 292. Lucius Lucretius Tricipitinus; Titus Veturius Geminus.
A.U.C. 293. Publius Volumnius; Servius Sulpicius. Dreadful prodigies
at Rome, and seditions.
A.U.C. 294. Caius Claudius; Publius Valerius 2. A Sabine seizes
the Capitol, and is defeated and killed. Valerius is killed in
an engagement, and Cincinnatus is taken from the plough, and made
dictator; he quelled the dissensions at Rome, and returned to his
farm.
A.U.C. 295. Quintus Fabius 3; Lucius Cornelius. The census made the
Romans amount to 132,049.
A.U.C. 296. Lucius Minucius; Caius Nautius 2. Minucius is besieged
in his camp by the Æqui; and Cincinnatus, being elected dictator,
delivers him, obtains a victory, and lays down his power 16 days
after his election.
A.U.C. 297. Quintus Minucius; Caius Horatius. War with the Æqui and
Sabines. Ten tribunes elected instead of five.
A.U.C. 298. Marcus Valerius; Spurius Virginius.
A.U.C. 299. Titus Romilius; Caius Veturius.
A.U.C. 300. Spurius Tarpeius; Aulus Aterius.
A.U.C. 301. Publius Curiatius; Sextus Quintilius.
A.U.C. 302. Titus Menenius; Publius Cestius Capitolinus. The
Decemvirs reduce the laws into 12 tables.
A.U.C. 303. Appius Claudius; Titus Genutius; Publius Cestius, &c.
The Decemvirs assume the reins of government, and preside with
consular power.
A.U.C. 304 & 305. Appius Claudius; Quintus Fabius Vibulanus; Marcus
Cornelius, &c. The Decemvirs continued. They act with violence.
Appius endeavours to take possession of Virginia, who is killed by
her father. The Decemvirs abolished, and Valerius Potitus, Marcus
Horatius Barbatus, are created consuls for the rest of the year.
Appius is summoned to take his trial. He dies in prison, and the
rest of the Decemvirs are banished.
A.U.C. 306. Lars Herminius; Titus Virginius.
A.U.C. 307. Marcus Geganius Macerinus; Caius Julius. Domestic troubles.
A.U.C. 308. Titus Quintius Capitolinus 4; Agrippa Furius. The Æqui
and Volsci come near the gates of Rome, and are defeated.
A.U.C. 309. Marcus Genucius; Caius Curtius. A law passed to permit
the patrician and plebeian families to intermarry.
A.U.C. 310. Military tribunes are chosen instead of consuls. The
plebeians admitted among them. The first were Aulus Sempronius;
Lucius Atilius; Titus Clœlius. They abdicated three months after
their election, and consuls were again chosen. Lucius Papirius
Mugillanus; Lucius Sempronius Atratinus.
A.U.C. 311. Marcus Geganius Macerinus 2; Titus Quintius Capitolinus
5. The censorship instituted.
A.U.C. 312. Marcus Fabius Vibulanus; Postumius Æbutius Cornicen.
A.U.C. 313. Caius Furius Pacilus; Maius Papirius Crassus.
A.U.C. 314. Proculus Geganius Macerinus; Lucius Menenius Lanatus. A
famine at Rome. Mælius attempts to make himself king.
A.U.C. 315. Titus Quintius Capitolinus 6; Agrippa Menenius Lanatus.
A.U.C. 316. Mamercus Æmilius; Lucius Quintius; Lucius Julius.
Military tribunes.
A.U.C. 317. Marcus Geganius Macerinus; Sergius Fidenas. Tolumnius
king of the Veientes killed by Cossus, who takes the second royal
spoils called _Opima_.
A.U.C. 318. Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis; Lucius Papirius Crassus.
A.U.C. 319. Caius Julius; Lucius Virginius.
A.U.C. 320. Caius Julius 2; Lucius Virginius 2. The duration of the
censorship limited to 18 months.
A.U.C. 321. Marcus Fabius Vibulanus; Marcus Fossius; Lucius Sergius
Fidenas. Military tribunes.
A.U.C. 322. Lucius Pinarius Mamercus; Lucius Furius Medullinus;
Spurius Postumius Albus. Military tribunes.
A.U.C. 323. Titus Quintius Cincinnatus; Caius Julius Manto; consuls.
A victory over the Veientes and Fidenates by the dictator
Posthumius.
A.U.C. 324. Caius Papirius Crassus; Lucius Julius.
A.U.C. 325. Lucius Sergius Fidenas 2; Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus.
A.U.C. 326. Aulus Cornelius Cossus; Titus Quintus Pennus 2.
A.U.C. 327. Servilius Ahala; Lucius Papirius Mugillanus 2.
A.U.C. 328. Titus Quintius Pennus; Caius Furius; Marcus Posthumius;
Aulus Cornelius Cossus. Military tribunes, all of patrician
families. Victory over the Veientes.
A.U.C. 329. Aarcus Sempronius Atratinus; Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus;
Lucius Furius Medullinus; Lucius Horatius Barbatus.
A.U.C. 330. Appius Claudius Crassus, &c. Military tribunes.
A.U.C. 331. Caius Sempronius Atratinus; Quintus Fabius Vibulanus.
Consuls who gave much dissatisfaction to the people.
A.U.C. 332. Lucius Manlius Capitolinus, &c. Military tribunes.
A.U.C. 333. Numerius Fabius Vibulanus; Titus Quinctius Capitolinus.
A.U.C. 334. Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus 3; Lucius Furius Medullinus
2; Mucius Manlius; Aulus Sempronius Atratinus. Military tribunes.
A.U.C. 335. Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, &c. Military tribunes.
A.U.C. 336. Lucius Sergius Fidenas; Marcus Papirius Mugillanus;
Caius Servilius.
A.U.C. 337. Agrippa Menenius Lanatus 2, &c.
A.U.C. 338. Agrippa Sempronius Atratinus 3, &c.
A.U.C. 339. Publius Cornelius Cossus, &c.
A.U.C. 340. Cnæus Cornelius Cossus, &c. One of the military tribunes
stoned to death by the army.
A.U.C. 341. Aulus Cornelius Cossus; Lucius Furius Medullinus,
consuls. Domestic seditions.
A.U.C. 342. Quintus Fabius Ambustus; Caius Furius Pacilus.
A.U.C. 343. Marcus Papirius Atratinus. Spurius Nautius Rutilus.
A.U.C. 344. Mamercus Æmilius; Caius Valerius Potitus.
A.U.C. 345. Cnaeus Cornelius Cossus; Lucius Furius Medullinus 2.
Plebeians for the first time questors.
A.U.C. 346. Caius Julius, &c. Military tribunes.
A.U.C. 347. Lucius Furius Medullinus, &c. Military tribunes.
A.U.C. 348. Publius & Cnæus Cornelii Cossi, &c. Military tribunes.
This year the Roman soldiers first received pay.
A.U.C. 349. Titus Quintius Capitolinus, &c. Military tribunes. The
siege of Veii begun.
A.U.C. 350. Caius Valerius Potitus &c. Military tribunes.
A.U.C. 351. Manlius Æmilius Mamercinus, &c. The Roman cavalry begin
to receive pay.
A.U.C. 352. Caius Servilius Ahala, &c. A defeat at Veii, occasioned
by a quarrel between two of the military tribunes.
A.U.C. 353. Lucius Valerius Potitus 4; Marcus Furius Camillus 2, &c.
A military tribune chosen from among the plebeians.
A.U.C. 354. Publius Licinius Calvus, &c.
A.U.C. 355. Marcus Veturius, &c.
A.U.C. 356. Lucius Valerius Potitus 5; Marcus Furius Camillus 3, &c.
A.U.C. 357. Lucius Julius Iulus, &c.
A.U.C. 358. Publius Licinius, &c. Camillus declared dictator. The
city of Veii taken by means of a mine. Camillus obtains a triumph.
A.U.C. 359. Publius Cornelius Cossus, &c. The people wished to
remove to Veii.
A.U.C. 360. Marcus Furius Camillus, &c.; Falisci surrendered to the
Romans.
A.U.C. 361. Lucius Lucretius Flaccus; Servius Sulpicius Camerinus,
Consuls, after Rome had been governed by military tribunes for 15
successive years. Camillus strongly opposes the removing to Veii,
and it is rejected.
A.U.C. 362. Lucius Valerius Potitus; Mucius Manlius. One of the
censors dies.
A.U.C. 363. Lucius Lucretius, &c. Military tribunes. A strange voice
heard, which foretold the approach of the Gauls. Camillus goes
to banishment to Ardea. The Gauls besiege Clusium, and soon after
march towards Rome.
A.U.C. 364. Three Fabii military tribunes. The Romans defeated at
Allia, by the Gauls. The Gauls enter Rome, and set it on fire.
Camillus declared dictator by the senate, who had retired into the
Capitol. The geese save the Capitol, and Camillus suddenly comes
and defeats the Gauls.
A.U.C. 365. Lucius Valerius Poplicola 3; Lucius Virginius, &c.
Camillus declared dictator, defeats the Volsci, Æqui, and Tuscans.
A.U.C. 366. Titus Quinctius Cincinnatus; Quintus Servilius Fidenas;
Lucius Julius Iulus.
A.U.C. 367. Lucius Papirius; Cnæus Sergius; Lucius Æmilius, &c.
A.U.C. 368. Marcus Furius Camillus, &c.
A.U.C. 369. Aulus Manlius; Publius Cornelius, &c. The Volsci
defeated. Manlius aims at royalty.
A.U.C. 370. Servius Cornelius Maluginensis; Publius Valerius Potitus;
Marcus Furius ♦Camillus. Manlius is condemned and thrown down the
Tarpeian rock.
♦ ‘Carnillus’ replaced with ‘Camillus’
A.U.C. 371. Lucius Valerius; Aulus Manlius; Servius Sulpicius, &c.
A.U.C. 372. Spurius & Lucius Papirii, &c.
A.U.C. 373. Marcus Furius Camillus; Lucius Furius, &c.
A.U.C. 374. Lucius & Publius Valerii.
A.U.C. 375. Cnæus Manlius, &c.
A.U.C. 376. Spurius Furius, &c.
A.U.C. 377. Lucius Æmilius, &c.
A.U.C. 378. } For five years anarchy at Rome. No consuls or
A.U.C. 379. } military tribunes elected, but only for that
A.U.C. 380. } time, Lucius Sextinus; Caius Licinius Calvus
A.U.C. 381. } Stolo, tribunes of the people.
A.U.C. 382. }
A.U.C. 383. Lucius Furius, &c.
A.U.C. 384. Quintus Servilius; Caius Veturius, &c. Ten magistrates
are chosen to take care of the Sibylline books.
A.U.C. 385. Lucius Qunitus Capitolinus; Spurius Servilius, &c.
A.U.C. 386. According to some writers, Camillus this year was sole
dictator, without consuls or tribunes.
A.U.C. 387. Aulus Cornelius Cossus; Lucius Veturius Crassus, &c.
The Gauls defeated by Camillus. One of the consuls for the future
to be elected from among the plebeians.
A.U.C. 388. Lucius Æmilius, patrician; Lucius Sextius, plebeian;
consuls. The offices of pretor and curule ædile granted to the
senate by the people.
A.U.C. 389. Lucius Genucius; Quintus Servilius. Camillus died.
A.U.C. 390. Caius Sulpicius Peticus; Caius Licinius Stolo.
A.U.C. 391. Cnæus Genucius; Lucius Æmilius.
A.U.C. 392. Quintus Servilius Ahala 2; Lucius Genucius 2. Curtius
devotes himself to the _Dii manes_.
A.U.C. 393. Caius Sulpicius 2; Caius Licinius 2. Manlius conquers a
Gaul in single battle.
A.U.C. 394. Caius Petilius Balbus; Marcus Fabius Ambustus.
A.U.C. 395. Marcus Popilius Lænas; Cnæus Manlius.
A.U.C. 396. Caius Fabius; Caius Plautius. Gauls defeated.
A.U.C. 397. Caius Marcinus; Cnæus Manlius 2.
A.U.C. 398. Marcus Fabius Ambustus 2; Marcus Popilius Lænas 2. A
dictator elected from the plebeians for the first time.
A.U.C. 399. Caius Sulpicius Peticus 3; Marcus Valerius Poplicola 2;
both of patrician families.
A.U.C. 400. Marcus Fabius Ambustus 3; Titus Quintius.
A.U.C. 401. Caius Sulpicius Peticus 4; Marcus Valerius Poplicola 3.
A.U.C. 402. Publius Valerius Poplicola 4; Caius Marcius Rutilus.
A.U.C. 403. Gaius Sulpicius Peticus 5; Titus Quinctius Pennus. A
censor elected for the first time from the plebeians.
A.U.C. 404. Marcus Popilius Lænas 3; Lucius Cornelius Scipio.
A.U.C. 405. Lucius Furius Camillus; Appius Claudius Crassus.
Valerius surnamed Corvinus, after conquering a Gaul.
A.U.C. 406. Marcus Valerius Corvus; Marcus Popilius Lænas 4. Corvus
was elected at 23 years of age, against the standing law. A treaty
of amity concluded with Carthage.
A.U.C. 407. Titus Manlius Torquatus; Caius Plautius.
A.U.C. 408. Marcus Valerius Corvus 2; Caius Pætilius.
A.U.C. 409. Marcus Fabius Dorso; Servius Sulpicius Camerinus.
A.U.C. 410. Caius Marcius Rutilus; Titus Manlius Torquatus.
A.U.C. 411. Marcus Valerius Corvus 3; Aulus Cornelius Cossus. The
Romans begin to make war against the Samnites, at the request of
the Campanians. They obtained a victory.
A.U.C. 412. Caius Marcius Rutilus 4; Quintus Servilius.
A.U.C. 413. Caius Plautinus; Lucius Æmilius Mamercinus.
A.U.C. 414. Titus Manlius Torquatus 3; Publius Decius Mus. The
victories of Alexander the Great in Asia. Manlius puts his son to
death for fighting against his order. Decius devotes himself for
the army, which obtains a great victory over the Latins.
A.U.C. 415. Tiberius Æmilius Mamercinus; Quintus Publilius Philo.
A.U.C. 416. Lucius Furius Camillus; Caius Mænius. The Latins
conquered.
A.U.C. 417. Caius Sulpicius Longus; Publius Ælius Pætus. The
pretorship granted to a plebeian.
A.U.C. 418. Lucius Papirius Crassus; Cæso Duillius.
A.U.C. 419. Marcus Valerius Corvus; Marcus Atilius Regulus.
A.U.C. 420. Titus Veturius; Spurius Posthumius.
A.U.C. 421. Lucius Papirius Cursor; Caius Pætilius Libo.
A.U.C. 422. Aulus Cornelius 2; Cnæus Domitius.
A.U.C. 423. Marcus Claudius Marcellus; Caius Valerius Potitus.
A.U.C. 424. Lucius Papirius Crassus; Caius Plautius Venno.
A.U.C. 425. Lucius Æmilius Mamercinus 2; Caius Plautius.
A.U.C. 426. Publius Plautius Proculus; Publius Cornelius Scapula.
A.U.C. 427. Lucius Cornelius Lentulus; Quintus Publilius Philo 2.
A.U.C. 428. Caius Pætilius; Lucius Papirius Mugillanus.
A.U.C. 429. Lucius Furius Camillus 2; Ducius Junius Brutus Scæva.
The dictator Papirius ♦Cursor is for putting to death Fabius his
master of horse, because he fought in his absence, and obtained a
famous victory. He pardons him.
♦ ‘Curso’ replaced with ‘Cursor’
A.U.C. 430. According to some authors, there were no consuls elected
this year, but only a dictator, Lucius Papirius Cursor.
A.U.C. 431. Gaius Sulpicius Longus; Quintus Aulius Cerretanus.
A.U.C. 432. Quintus Fabius; Lucius Fulvius.
A.U.C. 433. Titus Veturius Calvinus 2; Spurius Posthumius Albinus 2.
Caius Pontius the Samnite takes the Roman consuls in an ambuscade
at Caudium.
A.U.C. 434. Lucius Papirius Cursor 2; Quintus Publilius Philo 3.
A.U.C. 435. Lucius Papirius Cursor 3; Quintus Aulius Cerretanus 2.
A.U.C. 436. Marcus Fossius Flaccinator; Lucius Plautius Venno.
A.U.C. 437. Caius Junius Bubulcus; Lucius Æmilius Barbula.
A.U.C. 438. Spurius Nautius; Marcus Popilius.
A.U.C. 439. Lucius Papirius 4; Quintus Publilius 4.
A.U.C. 440. Marcus Pætilius; Caius Sulpicius.
A.U.C. 441. Lucius Papirius Cursor 5; Caius Junius Bubulcus 2.
A.U.C. 442. Marcus Valerius; Publius Decius. The censor Appius makes
the Appian way and aqueducts. The family of the Potitii extinct.
A.U.C. 443. Caius Junius Bubulcus 3; Quintus Æmilius Barbula 2.
A.U.C. 444. Quintus Fabius 2; Caius Martius Rutilius.
A.U.C. 445. According to some authors, there were no consuls elected
this year, but only a dictator. Lucius Papirius Cursor.
A.U.C. 446. Quintus Fabius 3; Pucius Decius 2.
A.U.C. 447. Appius Claudius; Lucius Volumnius.
A.U.C. 448. Publius Cornelius Arvina; Quintus Marcius Tremulus.
A.U.C. 449. Lucius Posthumius; Tiberias Minucius.
A.U.C. 450. Publius Sulpicius Saverrio; Sempronius Sophus. The Æqui
conquered.
A.U.C. 451. Lucius Genucius; Servius Cornelius.
A.U.C. 452. Marcus Livius; Marcus Æmilius.
A.U.C. 453. Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus; Marcus Valerius Corvus;
not consuls, but dictators, according to some authors.
A.U.C. 454. Marcus Valerius Corvus; Quintus Apuleius. The priesthood
made common to the plebeians.
A.U.C. 455. Marcus Fulvius Pætinus; Titus Manlius Torquatus.
A.U.C. 456. Lucius Cornelius Scipio; Cnæus Fulvius.
A.U.C. 457. Quintus Fabius Maximus 4; Publius Decius Mus 3. Wars
against the Samnites.
A.U.C. 458. Lucius Volumnius 2; Appius Claudius 2. Conquest over the
Etrurians and Samnites.
A.U.C. 459. Quintus Fabius 5; Publius Decius 4. Decius devotes
himself in a battle against the Samnites and the Gauls, and the
Romans obtain a victory.
A.U.C. 460. Lucius Posthumius Megellus; Marcus Atilius Regulus.
A.U.C. 461. Lucius Papirius Cursor; Spurius Carvilius. Victories
over the Samnites.
A.U.C. 462. Quintus Fabius Gurges; Decimus Junius Brutus Scæva.
Victory over the Samnites.
A.U.C. 463. Lucius Posthumius 3; Caius Junius Brutus. Æsculapius
brought to Rome in the form of a serpent from Epidaurus.
A.U.C. 464. Publius Cornelius Rufinus; Marcus Curius Dentatus.
A.U.C. 465. Marcus Valerius Corvinus; Quintus Cædicius Noctua.