rock, the plan of which was made by Tarquin Priscus. It was begun
by Servius Tullius, finished by Tarquin Superbus, and consecrated by
the consul Horatius after the expulsion of the Tarquins from Rome.
It was built upon four acres of ground, the front was adorned with
three rows of pillars, and the other sides with two. The ascent to
it from the ground was by 100 steps. The magnificence and richness
of this temple are almost incredible. All the consuls successively
made donations to the capitol, and Augustus bestowed upon it at one
time 2000 pounds weight of gold. Its thresholds were made of brass,
and its roof was gold. It was adorned with vessels and shields
of solid silver, with golden chariots, &c. It was burnt during
the civil war of Marius, and Sylla rebuilt it, but died before
the dedication, which was performed by Quintus Catulus. It was
again destroyed in the troubles under Vitellius; and Vespasian,
who endeavoured to repair it, saw it again in ruins at his death.
Domitian raised it again, for the last time, and made it more grand
and magnificent than any of his predecessors, and spent 12,000
talents in gilding it. When they first dug for the foundations, they
found a man’s head called Tolius, sound and entire in the ground,
and from thence drew an omen of the future greatness of the Roman
empire. The hill was from that circumstance called Capitolium, _a
capite Toli_. The consuls and magistrates offered sacrifices there,
when they first entered upon their offices, and the procession in
triumphs was always conducted to the capitol. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 6, li. 136; bk. 8, li. 347.――_Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 3,
ch. 72.――_Plutarch_, _Publicola_.――_Livy_, bks. 1, 10, &c.――_Pliny_,
bk. 33, &c.――_Suetonius_, _Augustus_, ch. 40.
=Cappădŏcia=, a country of Asia Minor, between the Halys, the
Euphrates, and the Euxine. It receives its name from the river
Cappadox, which separates it from Galatia. The inhabitants were
called Syrians and Leuco-Syrians by the Greeks. They were of a dull
and submissive disposition, and addicted to every vice, according to
the ancients, who wrote this virulent epigram against them:
Vipera Cappadocem nocitura momordit; at illa
Gustato periit sanguine Cappadocis.
When they were offered their freedom and independence by the
Romans, they refused it, and begged of them a king, and they
received Ariobarzanes. It was some time after governed by a Roman
proconsul. Though the ancients have ridiculed this country for the
unfruitfulness of its soil, and the manners of its inhabitants, yet
it can boast of the birth of the geographer Strabo, St. Basil, and
Gregory Nazianzen, among other illustrious characters. The horses of
this country were in general esteem, and with these they paid their
tributes to the king of Persia, while under his power, for want of
money. The kings of Cappadocia mostly bore the name of Ariarathes.
_Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 6, li. 39.――_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 3.――_Curtius_,
bks. 3 & 4.――_Strabo_, bks. 11 & 16.――_Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 73;
bk. 5, ch. 49.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 2; bk. 3, ch. 8.
=Cappădox=, a river of Cappadocia. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 3.
=Caprăria=, now _Cabrera_, a mountainous island on the coast of Spain,
famous for its goats. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 6.
=Căpreæ=, now _Capri_, an island on the coast of Campania, abounding
in quails, and famous for the residence and debaucheries of the
emperor Tiberius, during the seven last years of his life. The
island, in which now several medals are dug up expressive of the
licentious morals of the emperor, is about 40 miles in circumference,
and surrounded by steep rocks. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15,
li. 709.――_Suetonius_, _Tiberius_.――_Statius_, _Sylvæ_, bk. 3, li. 5.
=Capræa Palus=, a place near Rome where Romulus disappeared.
_Plutarch_, _Romulus_.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 2, li. 491.
=Capricornus=, a sign of the zodiac, in which appear 28 stars in the
form of a goat, supposed by the ancients to be the goat Amalthæa,
which fed Jupiter with her milk. Some maintain that it is Pan,
who changed himself into a goat when frightened at the approach of
Typhon. When the sun enters this sign it is the winter solstice,
or the longest night in the year. _Marcus Manilius_, bks. 2 & 4.
――_Horace_, bk. 2, ode 17, li. 19.――_Hyginus_, fable 196; _Poetica
Astronomica_, bk. 2, ch. 28.
=Caprificiālis=, a day sacred to Vulcan, on which the Athenians offered
him money. _Pliny_, bk. 11, ch. 15.
=Caprīma=, a town of Caria.
=Caprĭpĕdes=, a surname of Pan, the Fauni and the Satyrs, from their
having goats’ feet.
=Caprias=, a great informer in Horace’s age. _Horace_, bk. 1, satire 4,
li. 66.
=Caprotīna=, a festival celebrated at Rome in July in honour of Juno,
at which women only officiated. _See:_ Philotis. _Varro_, _de Lingua
Latina_, bk. 5.
=Caprus=, a harbour near mount Athos.
=Capsa=, a town of Libya, surrounded by vast deserts full of snakes.
_Florus_, bk. 3, ch. 1.――_Sallust_, _Jugurthine War_.
=Capsăge=, a town of Syria. _Curtius_, bk. 10.
=Căpua=, the chief city of Campania in Italy, supposed to have been
founded by Capys, the father, or rather the companion, of Anchises.
This city was very ancient, and so opulent that it even rivalled
Rome, and was called _altera Roma_. The soldiers of Annibal, after
the battle of Cannæ, were enervated by the pleasures and luxuries
which powerfully prevailed in this voluptuous city and under a soft
climate. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 145.――_Livy_, bks. 4, 7, 8,
&c.――_Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch. 7; bk. 2, ch. 44.――_Florus_, bk. 1,
ch. 16.――_Cicero_, _Philippics_, bk. 12, ch. 3.――_Plutarch_, _Life
of Hannibal_.
=Capys=, a Trojan, who came with Æneas into Italy, and founded Capua.
He was one of those who, against the advice of Thymœtes, wished
to destroy the wooden horse, which proved the destruction of Troy.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 145.――――A son of Assaracus by a
daughter of the Simois. He was father of Anchises by Themis. _Ovid_,
_Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 33.
=Capys Sylvius=, a king of Alba, who reigned 28 years. _Dionysius of
Halicarnassus._――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 768.
=Car=, a son of Phoroneus king of Megara. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, chs. 39
& 40.――――A son of Manes, who married Callirhoe daughter of the
Mæander. Caria received its name from him. _Herodotus_, bk. 1,
ch. 171.
=Carabactra=, a place in India.
=Carabis=, a town of Spain.
=Carăcalla.= _See:_ Antonius.
=Caracates=, a people of Germany.
=Caractăcus=, a king of the Britons, conquered by an officer of
Claudius Cæsar, A.D. 47. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, ♦bk. 12, chs. 33 & 37.
♦ ‘c. 12, 33,’ replaced with ‘12, chs. 33,’
=Caræ=, certain places between Susa and the Tigris, where Alexander
pitched his camp.
=Caræus=, a surname of Jupiter in Bœotia,――――in Caria.
=Carălis= (or es, ium), the chief city of Sardinia, _Pausanias_,
bk. 10, ch. 17.
=Carambis=, now _Kerempi_, a promontory of Paphlagonia. _Mela_, bk. 1,
ch. 19.
=Carānus=, one of the Heraclidæ, the first who laid the foundation
of the Macedonian empire, B.C. 814. He took Edessa, and reigned
28 years, which he spent in establishing and strengthening the
government of his newly founded kingdom. He was succeeded by
Perdiccas. _Justin_, bk. 7, ch. 1.――_Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch. 6.――――A
general of Alexander. _Curtius_, bk. 7.――――A harbour of Phœnicia.
=Carausius=, a tyrant of Britain for seven years, A.D. 293.
=Carro=, a Roman orator, who killed himself because he could not
curb the licentious manners of his countrymen. _Cicero_, _Brutus_.
――――Cneus, a son of the orator Carbo, who embraced the party of
Marius, and after the death of Cinna succeeded to the government.
He was killed in Spain in his third consulship, by order of Pompey.
_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 9, ch. 13.――――An orator, son of Carbo the
orator, killed by the army when desirous of re-establishing the
ancient military discipline. _Cicero_, _Brutus_.
=Carchēdon=, the Greek name of Carthage.
=Carcīnus=, a tragic poet of Agrigentum, in the age of Philip of
Macedon. He wrote on the rape of Proserpine. _Diodorus_, bk. 5.
――――Another of Athens.――――Another of Naupactum.――――A man of Rhegium,
who exposed his son Agathocles on account of some uncommon dreams
during his wife’s pregnancy. Agathocles was preserved. _Diodorus_,
bk. 19.――――An Athenian general, who laid waste Peloponnesus in the
time of Pericles. _Diodorus_, bk. 12.
=Carcĭnus=, a constellation, the same as the Cancer. _Lucan_, bk. 9,
li. 536.
=Cardaces=, a people of Asia Minor. _Strabo_, bk. 15.
=Cardămy̆le=, a town of Argos.
=Cardia=, a town in the Thracian Chersonesus. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.
=Cardŭchi=, a warlike nation of Media, along the borders of the Tigris.
_Diodorus_, bk. 14.
=Cāres=, a nation which inhabited Caria, and thought themselves
the original possessors of that country. They became so powerful
that their country was not sufficiently extensive to contain them
all, upon which they seized the neighbouring islands of the Ægean
sea. These islands were conquered by Minos king of Crete. Nileus
son of Codrus invaded their country, and slaughtered many of the
inhabitants. In this calamity, the Carians, surrounded on every side
by enemies, fortified themselves in the mountainous parts of the
country, and, soon after, made themselves terrible by sea. They
were anciently called Leleges. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, chs. 146 & 171.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 40.――_Strabo_, bk. 13.――_Curtius_, bk. 6,
ch. 3.――_Justin_, bk. 13, ch. 4.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 725.
=Caresa=, an island of the Ægean sea, opposite Attica.
=Caressus=, a river of Troas.
=Carfinia=, an immodest woman, mentioned _Juvenal_, satire 2, li. 69.
=Cāria=, now _Aidinelli_, a country of Asia Minor, whose boundaries
have been different in different ages. Generally speaking, it was
at the south of Iona, at the east and north of the Icarian sea, and
at the west of Phrygia Major, and Lycia. It has been called Phœnicia,
because a Phœnician colony first settled there; and afterwards it
received the name of Caria, from Car, a king who first invented the
auguries of birds. The chief town was called Halicarnassus, where
Jupiter was the chief deity. _See:_ Cares.――――A poet of Thrace.
_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 2.
=Carias=, a town of Peloponnesus.――――A general. _See:_ Laches.
=Cariate=, a town of Bactriana, where Alexander imprisoned Callisthenes.
=Carilla=, a town of the Piceni, destroyed by Annibal for its great
attachment to Rome. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 8.
=Carīna=, a virgin of Caria, &c. _Polyænus_, bk. 8.
=Carinæ=, certain edifices at Rome, built in the manner of ships,
which were in the temple of Tellus. Some suppose that it was a
street in which Pompey’s house was built. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8,
li. 361.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 7.
=Carīne=, a town near the Caicus in Asia Minor. _Herodotus_, bk. 7,
ch. 42.
=Carīnus Marcus Aurelius=, a Roman who attempted to succeed his father
Carus as emperor. He was famous for his debaucheries and cruelties.
Diocletian defeated him in Dalmatia, and he was killed by a soldier
whose wife he had debauched, A.D. 268.
=Carisiăcum=, a town of ancient Gaul, now Cressy in Picardy.
=Carissanum=, a place of Italy near which Milo was killed. _Pliny_,
bk. 2, ch. 56.
=Caristum=, a town of Liguria.
=Carmānia=, a country of Asia, between Persia and India. _Arrian._
――_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 23.
=Carmānor=, a Cretan, who purified Apollo of slaughter. _Pausanias_,
bk. 2, ch. 30.
=Carme=, a nymph, daughter of Eubulus and mother of Britomartis by
Jupiter. She was one of Diana’s attendants. _Pausanias_, bk. 2,
ch. 30.
=Carmēlus=, a god among the inhabitants of ♦mount Carmel, situate
between Syria and Judæa. _Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 2, ch. 78.
――_Suetonius_, _Vespasian_, ch. 5.
♦ ‘muont’ replaced with ‘mount’
=Carmenta= and =Carmentīs=, a prophetess of Arcadia, mother of Evander,
with whom she came to Italy, and was received by king Faunus, about
60 years before the Trojan war. Her name was _Nicostrata_, and
she received that of _Carmentis_ from the wildness of her looks
when giving oracles, as if _carens mentis_. She was the oracle of
the people of Italy during her life, and after death she received
divine honours. She had a temple at Rome, and the Greeks offered
her sacrifices under the name of _Themis_. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 1,
li. 467; bk. 6, li. 530.――_Plutarch_, _Romulus_.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 8, li. 339.――_Livy_, bk. 5, ch. 47.
=Carmentāles=, festivals at Rome in honour of Carmenta, celebrated
the 11th of January, near the Porta Carmentalis, below the Capitol.
This goddess was entreated to render the Roman matrons prolific, and
their labours easy. _Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 7.
=Carmentālis porta=, one of the gates of Rome in the neighbourhood of
the Capitol. It was afterwards called _Scelerata_, because the Fabii
passed through it on going to that famous expedition where they
perished. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 338.
=Carmides=, a Greek of an uncommon memory. _Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 24.
=Carna= and =Cardinea=, a goddess at Rome who presided over hinges,
as also over the entrails and secret parts of the human body. She
was originally a nymph called _Grane_, whom Janus ravished, and, for
the injury, he gave her the power of presiding over the exterior of
houses, and of removing all noxious birds from the doors. The Romans
offered her beans, bacon, and vegetables, to represent the simplicity
of their ancestors. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 6, li. 101, &c.
=Carnasius=, a village of Messenia in Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 4,
ch. 33.
=Carneădes=, a philosopher of Cyrene in Africa, founder of a sect
called the third or new academy. The Athenians sent him with
Diogenes the Stoic, and Critolaus the Peripatetic, as ambassadors to
Rome, B.C. 155. The Roman youth were extremely fond of the company
of these learned philosophers; and when Carneades, in a speech,
had given an accurate and judicious dissertation upon justice, and
in another speech confuted all the arguments he had advanced, and
apparently given no existence to the virtue he had so much commended,
a report prevailed all over Rome, that a Grecian was come who had
so captivated by his words the rising generation, that they forgot
their usual amusements, and ran mad after philosophy. When this
reached the ears of Cato the censor, he gave immediate audience to
the Athenian ambassadors in the senate, and dismissed them in haste,
expressing his apprehensions of their corrupting the opinions of
the Roman people, whose only profession, he sternly observed, was
arms and war. Carneades denied that anything could be perceived
or understood in the world, and he was the first who introduced
a universal suspension of assent. He died in the 90th year of his
age, B.C. 128. _Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 12, ltr. 23; _On
Oratory_, bks. 1 & 2.――_Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 30.――_Lactantius_, bk. 5,
ch. 14.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 8.
=Carneia=, a festival observed in most of the Grecian cities, but more
particularly at Sparta, where it was first instituted, about 675
B.C., in honour of Apollo, surnamed _Carneus_. It lasted nine days,
and was an imitation of the manner of living in camps among the
ancients.
=Carnion=, a town of Laconia.――――A river of Arcadia. _Pausanias_,
bk. 8, ch. 34.
=Carnus=, a prophet of Acarnania, from whom Apollo was called
_Carneus_. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 13.
=Carnūtes=, a people of Celtic Gaul. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 6,
ch. 4.
=Carpasia= and =Carpasium=, a town of Cyprus.
=Carpăthus=, an island in the Mediterranean between Rhodes and Crete,
now called _Scapanto_. It has given its name to a part of the
neighbouring sea, thence called the _Carpathian sea_, between Rhodes
and Crete. Carpathus was at first inhabited by some Cretan soldiers
of Minos. It was 20 miles in circumference, and was sometimes called
Tetrapolis, from its four capital cities. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.
――_Herodotus_, bk. 3, ch. 45.――_Diodorus_, bk. 5.――_Strabo_, bk. 10.
=Carpia=, an ancient name of Tartessus. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 19.
=Carpis=, a river of Mysia. _Herodotus._
=Carpo=, a daughter of Zephyrus, and one of the Seasons. She was loved
by Calamus the son of Mæander, whom she equally admired. She was
drowned in the Mæander, and was changed by Jupiter into all sorts of
fruit. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 35.
=Carpophŏra=, a name of Ceres and Proserpine in Tegea. _Pausanias_,
bk. 8, ch. 53.
=Carpophŏrus=, an actor greatly esteemed by Domitian. _Martial._
――_Juvenal_, satire 6, li. 198.
=Carræ= and =Carrhæ=, a town of Mesopotamia, near which Crassus was
killed. _Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 105.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 14.
=Carrīnātes Secundus=, a poor but ingenious rhetorician, who came from
Athens to Rome, where the boldness of his expressions, especially
against tyrannical power, exposed him to Caligula’s resentment, who
banished him. _Juvenal_, satire 7, li. 205.
=Carrūca=, a town of Spain. _Hirtius_, _Hispanic War_, ch. 27.
=Carseŏli=, a town of the Æqui, at the west of the lake Fucinus.
_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 683.
=Cartalias=, a town of Spain.
=Carteia=, a town at the extremity of Spain, near the sea of Gades,
supposed to be the same as Calpe.
=Cartēna=, a town of Mauritania, now _Tenez_, on the shores of the
Mediterranean.
=Carthæa=, a town in the island of Cea, whence the epithet of
Cartheius. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 368.
=Carthāgĭnienses=, the inhabitants of Carthage, a rich and commercial
nation. _See:_ Carthago.
=Carthāgo=, a celebrated city of Africa, the rival of Rome, and
long the capital of the country, and mistress of Spain, Sicily, and
Sardinia. The precise time of its foundation is unknown, yet most
writers seem to agree that it was first built by Dido, about 869
years before the christian era, or, according to others, 72 or
93 years before the foundation of Rome. This city and republic
flourished for 737 years, and the time of its greatest glory was
under Annibal and Amilcar. During the first Punic war, it contained
no less than 700,000 inhabitants. It maintained three famous wars
against Rome, called the Punic wars [_See:_ Punicum bellum], in the
third of which Carthage was totally destroyed by Scipio the second
Africanus, B.C. 147, and only 5000 persons were found within the
walls. It was 23 miles in circumference, and when it was set on
fire by the Romans, it burned incessantly during 17 days. After
the destruction of Carthage, Utica became powerful, and the Romans
thought themselves secure; and as they had no rival to dispute with
them in the field, they fell into indolence and inactivity. Cæsar
planted a small colony on the ruins of Carthage. Augustus sent there
3000 men; and Adrian, after the example of his imperial predecessors,
rebuilt part of it, which he called Adrianopolis. Carthage was
conquered from the Romans by the arms of Genseric, A.D. 439; and it
was for more than a century the seat of the Vandal empire in Africa,
and fell into the hands of the Saracens in the seventh century.
The Carthaginians were governed as a republic, and had two persons
yearly chosen among them with regal authority. They were very
superstitious, and generally offered human victims to their gods; an
unnatural custom, which their allies wished them to abolish, but in
vain. They bore the character of a faithless and treacherous people,
and the proverb _Punica fides_ is well known. _Strabo_, bk. 17.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_ bk. 1, &c.――_Mela_, bk. 1, &c.――_Ptolemy_
bk. 4.――_Justin._――_Livy_, bk. 4, &c.――_Paterculus_, bks. 1 & 2.
――_Plutarch_, _Life of Hannibal_, &c.――_Cicero._――――Nŏva, a town
built in Spain, on the coasts of the Mediterranean, by Asdrubal the
Carthaginian general. It was taken by Scipio when Hanno surrendered
himself after a heavy loss. It now bears the name of _Carthagena_.
_Polybius_, bk. 10.――_Livy_, bk. 26, ch. 43, &c.――_Silius Italicus_,
bk. 15, li. 220, &c.――――A daughter of Hercules.
=Carthasis=, a Scythian, &c. _Curtius_, bk. 7, ch. 7.
=Carthea=, a town of Cos. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, fable 9.
=Carvilius=, a king of Britain, who attacked Cæsar’s naval station by
order of Cassivelaunus, &c. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 5, ch. 22.
――――Spurius, a Roman, who made a large image of the breastplates
taken from the Samnites, and placed it in the capitol. _Pliny_, bk.
34, ch. 7.――――The first Roman who divorced his wife during the space
of about 600 years. This was for barrenness, B.C. 231. _Dionysius of
Halicarnassus_, bk. 2.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 2, ch. 1.
=Carus=, a Roman emperor who succeeded Probus. He was a prudent and
active general; he conquered the Sarmatians, and continued the
Persian war which his predecessor had commenced. He reigned two
years, and died on the banks of the Tigris as he was going in an
expedition against Persia, A.D. 283. He made his two sons, Carinus
and Numerianus, Cæsars; and as his many virtues had promised the
Romans happiness, he was made a god after death. _Eutropius._――――One
of those who attempted to scale the rock Aornus, by order of
Alexander. _Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 11.
=Carya=, a town of Arcadia.――――A city of Laconia. _Pausanias_, bk. 3,
ch. 10. Here a festival was observed in honour of Diana _Caryatis_.
It was then usual for virgins to meet at the celebration and join
in a certain dance, said to have been first instituted by Castor
and Pollux. When Greece was invaded by Xerxes, the Laconians did not
appear before the enemy, for fear of displeasing the goddess by not
celebrating her festival. At that time the peasants assembled at the
usual place, and sang pastorals called Βουκολισμοι, from Βουκολος,
a _neatherd_. From this circumstance some suppose that Bucolics
originated. _Statius_, bk. 4, _Thebiad_, li. 225.
=Caryanda=, a town and island on the coast of Caria, now Karacoion.
=Caryātæ=, a people of Arcadia.
=Carystius Antigonus=, an historian, &c. B.C. 248.
=Carystus=, a maritime town on the south of Eubœa, still in existence,
famous for its marble. _Statius_, bk. 2, _Sylvæ_, poem 2, li. 93.
――_Martial_, bk. 9, ltr. 76.
=Caryum=, a place of Laconia, where Aristomenes preserved some virgins,
&c. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 16.
=Casca=, one of Cæsar’s assassins, who gave him the first blow.
_Plutarch_, _Cæsar_.
=Cascellius Aulus=, a lawyer of great merit in the Augustan age.
_Horace_, _Art of Poetry_, li. 371.
=Casilīnum=, a town of Campania. When it was besieged by Hannibal,
a mouse sold for 200 denarii. The place was defended by 540 or 570
natives of Præneste, who, when half their number had perished either
by war or famine, surrendered to the conqueror. _Livy_, bk. 23,
ch. 19.――_Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Cicero_, _De Inventione_, bk. 2, ch. 5.
――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 5.
=Casīna= and =Casīnum=, a town of Campania. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 4,
li. 227.
=Casius=, a mountain near the Euphrates.――――Another at the east
of Pelusium, where Pompey’s tomb was raised by Adrian. Jupiter,
surnamed _Casius_, had a temple there. _Lucan_, bk. 8, li. 858.
――――Another in Syria, from whose top the sun can be seen rising,
though it be still the darkness of night at the bottom of the
mountain. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 22.――_Mela_, bks. 1 & 3.
=Casmenæ=, a town built by the Syracusans in Sicily. _Thucydides_,
bk. 6, ch. 5.
=Casmilla=, the mother of Camilla. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 543.
=Caspĕria=, wife of Rhœtus king of the Marrubii, committed adultery
with her son-in-law. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 388.――――A town
of the Sabines. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 714.
=Caspĕrŭla=, a town of the Sabines. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 416.
=Caspiæ portæ=, certain passes of Asia, which some place about Caucasus
and the Caspian sea, and others between Persia and the Caspian sea,
or near mount Taurus, or Armenia, or Cilicia. _Diodorus_, bk. 1.
――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 27; bk. 6, ch. 13.
=Caspiana=, a country of Armenia.
=Caspii=, a Scythian nation near the Caspian sea. Such as had lived
beyond their 70th year were starved to death. Their dogs were
remarkable for their fierceness. _Herodotus_, bk. 3, ch. 92, &c.;
bk. 7, ch. 67, &c.――_Cornelius Nepos_, bk. 14, ch. 8.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 798.