=Abassus=, a town of Phrygia. _Livy_, bk. 38, ch. 15.
=Abastor=, one of Pluto’s horses.
=Abătos=, an island in the lake near Memphis in Egypt, abounding with
flax and papyrus. Osiris was buried there. _Lucan_, bk. 10, li. 323.
=Abdalonīmus=, one of the descendants of the kings of Sidon, so poor,
that to maintain himself, he worked in a garden. When Alexander
took Sidon, he made him king, in the room of Strato the deposed
monarch, and enlarged his possessions on account of the great
disinterestedness of his conduct. _Justin_, bk. 11, ch. 10.――
_Curtius_, bk. 4, ch. 1.――_Diodorus_, bk. 17.
=Abdēra=, a town of Hispania Bætica, built by the Carthaginians.
_Strabo_, bk. 3.――――A maritime city of Thrace, built by Hercules,
in memory of Abderus, one of his favourites. The Clazomenians
and Teians beautified it. Some suppose that Abdera the sister of
Diomedes built it. The air was so unwholesome, and the inhabitants
of such a sluggish disposition, that stupidity was commonly called
_Abderitica mens_. It gave birth, however, to Democritus, Protagoras,
Anaxarchus, and Hecatæus. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 2.――_Cicero_, _Letters
to Atticus_, bk. 4, ltr. 16.――_Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 186.――_Martial_,
bk. 10, ltr. 25.
=Abdēria=, a town of Spain. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 5.
=Abderītes=, a people of Pæonia, obliged to leave their country on
account of the great number of rats and frogs which infested it.
_Justin_, bk. 15, ch. 2.
=Abdērus=, a man of Opus in Locris, arm-bearer to Hercules, torn to
pieces by the mares of Diomedes, which the hero had entrusted to his
care when going to war against the Bistones. Hercules built a city,
which, in honour of his friend, he called Abdera. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 2, ch. 5.――_Philostratus_, bk. 2, ch. 25.
=Abeătæ=, a people of Achaia, probably the inhabitants of Abia.
_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 30.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 6.
=Abella=, a town of Campania, whose inhabitants were called Abellani.
Its nuts, called _avellanæ_, and also its apples, were famous.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 740.――_Justin_, bk. 20, ch. 5.――_Silius
Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 544.
=Abelux=, a noble of Saguntum, who favoured the party of the Romans
against Carthage. _Livy_, bk. 22, ch. 22.
=Abenda=, a town of Caria, whose inhabitants were the first who raised
temples to the city of Rome. _Livy_, bk. 45, ch. 6.
=Abia=, formerly _Ire_, a maritime town of Messenia, one of the seven
cities promised to Achilles by Agamemnon. It is called after Abia,
daughter of Hercules and nurse of Hyllus. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 30.
――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 9, li. 292.
=Abii=, a nation between Scythia and Thrace. They lived upon milk,
were fond of celibacy, and enemies to war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 13,
li. 6.――According to _Curtius_, bk. 7, ch. 6, they surrendered to
Alexander, after they had been independent since the reign of Cyrus.
=Abĭla=, or =Abyla=, a mountain of Africa, in that part which is
nearest to the opposite mountain called Calpe, on the coast of Spain,
only eighteen miles distant. These two mountains are called the
columns of Hercules, and were said formerly to be united, till
the hero separated them, and made a communication between the
Mediterranean and Atlantic seas. _Strabo_, bk. 3.――_Mela_, bk. 1,
ch. 5; bk. 2, ch. 6.――_Pliny_, bk. 3.
=Abisăres=, an Indian prince, who offered to surrender to Alexander.
_Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 12.
=Abisăris=, a country beyond the Hydaspes in India. _Arrian._
=Abisontes=, some inhabitants of the Alps. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 20.
=Ablētes=, a people near Troy. _Strabo._
=Abnoba=, a mountain of Germany. _Tacitus_, _Germania_, ch. 1.
=Abobrĭca=, a town of Lusitania. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 20.――――Another in
Spain.
=Abœcrĭtus=, a Bœotian general, killed with a thousand men, in a
battle at Chæronea, against the Ætolians. _Plutarch_, _Aratus_.
=Abolāni=, a people of Latium, near Alba. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 5.
=Abōlus=, a river of Sicily. _Plutarch_, _Timoleon_.
=Aboniteichos=, a town of Galatia. _Arrian_, _Periplus of the Euxine
Sea_.
=Aborāca=, a town of Sarmatia.
=Aborigĭnes=, the original inhabitants of Italy; or, according
to others, a nation conducted by Saturn into Latium, where they
taught the use of letters to Evander the king of the country. Their
posterity was called Latini, from Latinus, one of their kings. They
assisted Æneas against Turnus. Rome was built in their country.――The
word signifies _without origin_, or whose _origin is not known_,
and is generally applied to the original inhabitants of any country.
_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 1, &c.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1,
ch. 10.――_Justin_, bk. 43, ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――_Strabo_,
bk. 5.
=Aborras=, a river of Mesopotamia. _Strabo_, bk. 16.
=Abradātes=, a king of Susa, who, when his wife Panthea had been taken
prisoner by Cyrus, and humanely treated, surrendered himself and
his troops to the conqueror. He was killed in the first battle he
undertook in the cause of Cyrus, and his wife stabbed herself on
his corpse. Cyrus raised a monument on their tomb. _Xenophon_,
_Cyropædia_, bks. 5, 6, &c.
=Abrentius=, was made governor of Tarentum by Annibal. He betrayed his
trust to the enemy to gain the favours of a beautiful woman, whose
brother was in the Roman army. _Polyænus_, bk. 8.
=Abrocŏmas=, son of Darius, was in the army of Xerxes, when he
invaded Greece. He was killed at Thermopylæ. _Herodotus_, bk. 7,
ch. 224.――_Plutarch_, _Cleomenes_.
=Abrodiætus=, a name given to Parrhasius the painter, on account of
the sumptuous manner of his living. _See:_ Parrhasius.
=Abron=, an Athenian, who wrote some treatises on the religious
festivals and sacrifices of the Greeks. Only the titles of his
works are preserved. _Suidas._――――A grammarian of Rhodes, who taught
rhetoric at Rome.――――Another who wrote a treatise on Theocritus.――――A
Spartan, son of Lycurgus the orator. _Plutarch_, _Decem Oratorum_.
――――A native of Argos, famous for his debauchery.
=Abronius Silo=, a Latin poet in the Augustan age. He wrote some
fables. _Seneca._
=Abronycus=, an Athenian, very serviceable to Themistocles in his
embassy to Sparta. _Thucydides_, bk. 1, ch. 91.――_Herodotus_, bk. 8,
ch. 21.
=Abrŏta=, the wife of Nisus, the youngest of the sons of Ægeus. As
a monument to her chastity, Nisus, after her death, ordered the
garments which she wore to become the models of fashion in Megara.
_Plutarch_, _Quæstiones Græcæ_.
=Abrotŏnum=, the mother of Themistocles. _Plutarch_, _Themistocles_.
――――A town of Africa, near the Syrtes. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 4.――――A
harlot of Thrace. _Plutarch_, _Aratus_.
=Abrus=, a city of the Sapæi. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 10.
=Abrypŏlis=, an ally of Rome, driven from his possessions by Perseus,
the last king of Macedonia. _Livy_, bk. 42, chs. 13 & 41.
=Abseus=, a giant, son of Tartarus and Terra. _Hyginus_, preface to
fables.
=Absinthii=, a people on the coasts of Pontus, where there is also a
mountain of the same name. _Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 34.
=Absŏrus=, =Absyrtis=, =Absyrtides=, islands in the Adriatic, or near
Istria, where Absyrtus was killed, whence their name. _Strabo_,
bk. 7.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 190.
=Absyrtos=, a river falling into the Adriatic sea, near which Absyrtus
was murdered. _Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 190.
=Absyrtus=, a son of Æetes king of Colchis, and Hypsea. His sister
Medea, as she fled away with Jason, tore his body to pieces, and
strewed his limbs in her father’s way, to stop his pursuit. Some
say that she murdered him in Colchis, others, near Istria. It is
said by others, that he was not murdered, but that he arrived safe
in Illyricum. The place where he was killed has been called Tomos,
and the river adjoining to it Absyrtos. _Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 190.――
_Strabo_, bk. 7.――_Hyginus_, fable 23.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1,
ch. 9.――_Flaccus_, bk. 8, li. 261.――_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 3,
poem 9.――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3, ch. 19.――_Pliny_,
bk. 3, chs. 21 & 26.
=Abulītes=, governor of Susa, betrayed his trust to Alexander, and
was rewarded with a province. _Curtius_, bk. 5, ch. 2.――_Diodorus_,
bk. 17.
=Abydēnus=, a disciple of Aristotle, too much indulged by his master.
He wrote some historical treatises on Cyprus, Delos, Arabia, and
Assyria. _Philo Judæus._――_Josephus_, _Against Apion_.
=Abȳdos=, a town of Egypt, where was the famous temple of Osiris.
_Plutarch_, on _De Iside et Osiride_.――――A city of Asia, opposite
Sestos in Europe, with which, from the narrowness of the Hellespont,
it seemed, to those who approach it by sea, to form only one town.
It was built by the Milesians, by permission of king Gyges. It
is famous for the amours of Hero and Leander, and for the bridge
of boats which Xerxes built there across the Hellespont. The
inhabitants, being besieged by Philip the father of Perseus, devoted
themselves to death with their families, rather than fall into the
hands of the enemy. _Livy_, bk. 31, ch. 18.――_Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 674.
――_Justin_, bk. 2, ch. 13.――_Musæus_, _Hero & Leander_.――_Flaccus_,
bk. 1, li. 285.
=Abȳla.= _See:_ Abila.
=Abȳlon=, a city of Egypt.
=Abyssinia=, a large kingdom of Africa, in Upper Æthiopia, where
the Nile takes its rise. The inhabitants are said to be of Arabian
origin, and were little known to the ancients.
=Acacallis=, a nymph, mother of Philander and Phylacis by Apollo.
These children were exposed to the wild beasts in Crete; but a goat
gave them her milk, and preserved their life. _Pausanias_, bk. 10,
ch. 16.――――A daughter of Minos, mother of Cydon by Mercury, and of
Amphithemis by Apollo. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 53.――_Apollonius_,
bk. 4, li. 1493.
=Acacēsium=, a town of Arcadia, built by Acacus son of Lycaon.
Mercury, surnamed Acacesius, because brought up by Acacus as his
foster-father, was worshipped there. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, chs. 3,
36, &c.
=Acacius=, a rhetorician in the age of the emperor Julian.
=Acadēmia=, a place near Athens surrounded with high trees, and
adorned with spacious covered walks, belonging to Academus,
from whom the name is derived. Some derive the word from ἑκας
δημος, _removed from the people_. Here Plato opened his school of
philosophy, and from this, every place sacred to learning has ever
since been called _Academia_. To exclude from it profaneness and
dissipation, it was even forbidden to laugh there. It was called
_Academia vetus_, to distinguish it from the _second Academy_,
founded by Arcesilaus, who made some few alterations in the Platonic
philosophy, and from the _third_ which was established by Carneades.
_Cicero_, _de Divinatione_, bk. 1, ch. 3.――_Diogenes Laërtius_,
bk. 3.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 3, ch. 35.
=Acadēmus=, an Athenian, who discovered to Castor and Pollux where
Theseus had concealed their sister Helen, for which they amply
rewarded him. _Plutarch_, _Theseus_.
=Acalandrus=, or =Acalyndrus=, a river falling into the bay of
Tarentum. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 11.
=Acalle=, a daughter of Minos and Pasiphae. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3,
ch. 1.
=Acamarchis=, one of the Oceanides.
=Acămas=, son of Theseus and Phædra, went with Diomedes to demand Helen
from the Trojans after her elopement from Menelaus. In his embassy
he had a son called Munitus, by Laodice the daughter of Priam. He
was concerned in the Trojan war, and afterwards built the town of
Acamantium in Phrygia, and on his return to Greece called a tribe
after his own name at Athens. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 26.――_Quintus
Smyrnæus_, bk. 12.――_Hyginus_, fable 108.――――A son of Antenor in
the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 11, li. 60, &c.――――A Thracian
auxiliary of Priam in the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 11.
=Acampsis=, a river of Colchis. _Arrian._
=Acantha=, a nymph loved by Apollo, and changed into the flower
Acanthus.
=Acanthus=, a town near mount Athos, belonging to Macedonia, or,
according to others, to Thrace. It was founded by a colony from
Andros. _Thucydides_, bk. 4, ch. 84.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 2.――――
Another in Egypt near the Nile, called also Dulopolis. _Pliny_,
bk. 5, ch. 28.――――An island mentioned by _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 32.
=Acăra=, a town of Pannonia.――――Another in Italy.
=Acaria=, a fountain of Corinth, where Iolas cut off the head of
Eurystheus. _Strabo_, bk. 8.
=Acarnania=, anciently Curetis, a country of Epirus, at the north of
the Ionian sea, divided from Ætolia by the Achelous. The inhabitants
reckoned only six months in the year; they were luxurious, and
addicted to pleasure, so that _porcus Acarnas_ became proverbial.
Their horses were famous. It received its name from Acarnas.
_Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 90.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.――_Strabo_, bks. 7
& 9.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 24.――_Lucian_, _Dialogi Meretricii_.
=Acarnas= and =Amphoterus=, sons of Alcmæon and Callirhöe. Alcmæon
being murdered by the brothers of Alphesibœa his former wife,
Callirhöe obtained from Jupiter, that her children, who were still
in the cradle, might, by a supernatural power, suddenly grow up to
punish their father’s murderers. This was granted. _See:_ Alcmæon.
_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 24.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9,
fable 10.
=Acarnas= and =Acarnan=, a stony mountain of Attica. _Seneca_,
_Hippolytus_, li. 20.
=Acasta=, one of the Oceanides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 356.
=Acastus=, son of Pelias king of Thessaly by Anaxibia, married
Astydamia or Hippolyte, who fell in love with Peleus son of Æacus,
when in banishment at her husband’s court. Peleus, rejecting the
addresses of Hippolyte, was accused before Acastus of attempts upon
her virtue, and soon after, at a chase, exposed to wild beasts.
Vulcan, by order of Jupiter, delivered Peleus, who returned to
Thessaly, and put to death Acastus and his wife. _See:_ Peleus and
Astydamia. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 306; _Heroides_,
poem 13, li. 25.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9, &c.――――The second
archon at Athens.
=Acathantus=, a bay in the Red sea.――_Strabo_, bk. 16.
=Acca Laurentia=, the wife of Faustulus shepherd of king Numitor’s
flocks, who brought up Romulus and Remus, who had been exposed on
the banks of the Tiber. From her wantonness, she was called _Lupa_,
prostitute, whence the fable that Romulus was suckled by a she-wolf.
_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1, ch. 18.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 4.
――_Aulus Gellius_, bk. 6, ch. 7.――――The Romans yearly celebrated
certain festivals [_See:_ Laurentalia] in honour of another
prostitute of the same name, which arose from this circumstance:
the keeper of the temple of Hercules, one day playing at dice,
made the god one of the number, on condition that if Hercules was
defeated, he should make him a present, but if he conquered he
should be entertained with an elegant feast, and share his bed with
a beautiful female. Hercules was victorious, and accordingly Acca
was conducted to the bed of Hercules, who in reality came to see her,
and told her in the morning to go into the streets, and salute with
a kiss the first man she met. This was Tarrutius, an old unmarried
man, who, not displeased with Acca’s liberty, loved her, and made
her the heiress of all his possessions. These, at her death, she
gave to the Roman people, whence the honours paid to her memory.
_Plutarch_, _Quæstiones Romanæ_, _Romulus_.――――A companion of
Camilla. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 820.
=Accia=, or =Atia=, daughter of Julia and Marcus Atius Balbus, was the
mother of Augustus, and died about 40 years B.C. _Dio Cassius._――
_Suetonius_, _Augustus_, ch. 4.――――Variola, an illustrious female,
whose cause was eloquently pleaded by Pliny. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 33.
=Accĭla=, a town of Sicily. _Livy_, bk. 24, ch. 35.
=Lucius Accius=, a Roman tragic poet, whose roughness of style
Quintilian has imputed to the unpolished age in which he lived. He
translated some of the tragedies of Sophocles, but of his numerous
pieces only some of the names are known; and among these his Nuptiæ,
Mercator, Neoptolemus, Phœnice, Medea, Atreus, &c. The great marks
of honour which he received at Rome may be collected from this
circumstance: that a man was severely reprimanded by a magistrate
for mentioning his name without reverence. Some few of his verses
are preserved in Cicero and in other writers. He died about 180
years B.C. _Horace_, bk. 2, ltr. 1, li. 56.――_Ovid_, _Amores_, bk. 1,
poem 15, li. 19.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Cicero_, _Letters
to Atticus_ & _Brutus or de Claris Oratoribus_, bk. 3, ch. 16.――――A
famous orator of Pisaurum in Cicero’s age.――――Labeo, a foolish poet
mentioned _Persius_, bk. 1, li. 50.――――Tullius, a prince of the
Volsci, very inimical to the Romans. Coriolanus, when banished by
his countrymen, fled to him, and led his armies against Rome. _Livy_,
bk. 2, ch. 37.――_Plutarch_, _Coriolanus_.
=Acco=, a general of the Senones in Gaul. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 6,
chs. 4 & 44.――――An old woman who fell mad on seeing her deformity in
a looking-glass. _Hesychius._
=Accua=, a town in Italy. _Livy_, bk. 24, ch. 20.
=Ace=, a town in Phœnicia, called also Ptolemais, now Acre. _Cornelius
Nepos_, _Datames_, ch. 5.――――A place of Arcadia near Megalopolis,
where Orestes was cured from the persecution of the furies, who had
a temple there. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 34.
=Acerātus=, a soothsayer, who remained alone at Delphi when the
approach of Xerxes frightened away the inhabitants. _Herodotus_,
bk. 8, ch. 37.
=Acerbas=, a priest of Hercules at Tyre, who married Dido. _See:_
Sichæus. _Justin_, bk. 18, ch. 4.
=Acerīna=, a colony of the Brutii in Magna Græcia, taken by Alexander
of Epirus. _Livy_, bk. 8, ch. 24.
=Acerræ=, an ancient town of Campania, near the river Clanius. It
still subsists; and the frequent inundations from the river which
terrified its ancient inhabitants, are now prevented by the large
drains dug there. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 225.――_Livy_,
bk. 8, ch. 17.
=Acersecŏmes=, a surname of Apollo, which signifies _unshorn_.
_Juvenal_, satire 8, li. 128.
=Aces=, a river of Asia. _Herodotus_, bk. 3, ch. 117.
=Acesia=, part of the island of Lemnos, which received this name from
Philoctetes, whose wound was cured there. _Philostratus._
=Acesīnes=, a river of Sicily. _Thucydides_, bk. 4, ch. 25.
=Acesīnus=, or =Acesīnes=, a river of Persia falling into the Indus.
Its banks produce reeds of such an uncommon size, that a piece of
them, particularly between two knots, can serve as a boat to cross
the water. _Justin_, bk. 12, ch. 9.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.
=Acesius=, a surname of Apollo, in Elis and Attica, as god of medicine.
_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 24.
=Acesta=, a town of Sicily, called after king Acestes, and known also
by the name of Segesta. It was built by Æneas, who left there part
of his crew, as he was going to Italy. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5,
li. 746, &c.
=Acestes=, son of Crinisus and Egesta, was king of the country near
Drepanum in Sicily. He assisted Priam in the Trojan war, and kindly
entertained Æneas during his voyage, and helped him to bury his
father on mount Eryx. In commemoration of this, Æneas built a city
there called Acesta, from Acestes. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 746.
=Acestium=, a woman who saw all her relations invested with the sacred
office of torch-bearer in the festivals of Ceres. _Pausanias_, bk. 1,
ch. 37.
=Acestodōrus=, a Greek historian, who mentions the review which
Xerxes made of his forces before the battle of Salamis. _Plutarch_,
_Themistocles_.
=Acestorĭdes=, an Athenian archon.――――A Corinthian, governor of
Syracuse. _Diodorus_, bk. 19.
=Acetes=, one of Evander’s attendants. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11,
li. 30.
=Achabȳtos=, a lofty mountain in Rhodes, where Jupiter had a temple.
=Achæa=, a surname of Pallas, whose temple in Daunia was defended by
dogs which fawned upon the Greeks, but fiercely attacked all other
persons. _Aristotle_, _de Mirabilibus_.――――Ceres was called Achæa,
from her _lamentations_ (ἀχεα) at the loss of Proserpine. _Plutarch_,
_De Iside et Osiride_.
=Achæi=, the descendants of Achæus, at first inhabited the country near
Argos, but being driven by the Heraclidæ, 80 years after the Trojan
war, they retired among the Ionians, whose 12 cities they seized
and kept. The names of these cities are Pellene, Ægira, Æges, Bura,
Tritæa, Ægion, Rhypæ, Olenos, Helice, Patræ, Dyme, and Pharæ. The
inhabitants of these three last began a famous confederacy, 284
years B.C., which continued formidable upwards of 130 years, under
the name of the _Achæan league_, and was most illustrious whilst
supported by the splendid virtues and abilities of Aratus and
Philopœmen. Their arms were directed against the Ætolians for three
years, with the assistance of Philip of Macedon, and they grew
powerful by the accession of neighbouring states, and freed their
country from foreign slavery, till at last they were attacked by
the Romans, and, after one year’s hostilities, the Achæan league
was totally destroyed, B.C. 147. The Achæans extended the borders
of their country by conquest and even planted colonies in Magna
Græcia.――――The name of _Achæi_ is generally applied to all the
Greeks, indiscriminately, by the poets. _See:_ Achaia. _Herodotus_,
bk. 1, ch. 145; bk. 8, ch. 36.――_Statius_, _Thebaid_, bk. 2, li. 164.
――_Polybius._――_Livy_, bks. 27, 32, &c.――_Plutarch_, _Philopœmen_.
――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 5.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, li. 605.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 1, &c.――――Also a people of Asia on the
borders of the Euxine. _Ovid_, _Ex Ponto_, bk. 4, poem 10, li. 27.
=Achæium=, a place of Troas, opposite Tenedos. _Strabo_, bk. 8.
=Achæmĕnes=, a king of Persia, among the progenitors of Cyrus the
Great; whose descendants were called Achæmenides, and formed a
separate tribe in Persia, of which the kings were members. Cambyses,
son of Cyrus, on his death-bed, charged his nobles, and particularly
the Achæmenides, not to suffer the Medes to recover their former
power, and abolish the empire of Persia. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 125;
bk. 3, ch. 65; bk. 7, ch. 1.――_Horace_, bk. 2, ode 12, li. 21.――――A
Persian, made governor of Egypt by Xerxes, B.C. 484.
=Achæmenia=, part of Persia, called after Achæmenes. Hence Achæmenius.
_Horace_, _Epodes_, poem 13, li. 12.
=Achæmenĭdes=, a native of Ithaca, son of Adramastus, and one of
the companions of Ulysses, abandoned on the coast of Sicily, where
Æneas, on his voyage to Italy, found him. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3,
li. 624.――_Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 417.
=Achæorum littus=, a harbour in Cyprus. _Strabo._――――In Troas,――――in
Æolia,――――in Peloponnesus,――――on the Euxine. _Pausanias_, bk. 4,
ch. 34.
=Achæorum statio=, a place on the coast of the Thracian Chersonesus,
where Polyxena was sacrificed to the shades of Achilles, and where
Hecuba killed Polymnestor, who had murdered her son Polydorus.
=Achæus=, a king of Lydia, hung by his subjects for his extortion.
_Ovid_, _Ibis_.――――A son of Xuthus of Thessaly. He fled, after the
accidental murder of a man, to Peloponnesus; where the inhabitants
were called from him, Achæi. He afterwards returned to Thessaly.
_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 1.――――A tragic poet of
Eretria, who wrote 43 tragedies, of which some of the titles are
preserved, such as Adrastus, Linus, Cycnus, Eumenides, Philoctetes,
Pirithous, Theseus, Œdipus, &c.; of these only one obtained the
prize. He lived some time after Sophocles.――――Another of Syracuse,
author of 10 tragedies.――――A river which falls into the Euxine.
_Arrian_, _Periplus of the Euxine Sea_.――――A relation of Antiochus
the Great, appointed governor of all the king’s provinces beyond
Taurus. He aspired to sovereign power, which he disputed for eight
years with Antiochus, and was at last betrayed by a Cretan. His
limbs were cut off, and his body, sewed in the skin of an ass, was
exposed on a gibbet. _Polybius_, bk. 8.