accomplished, perhaps, who has written in modern times, has attempted
to vindicate both James and Charles; but he has done nothing more than
to produce evidence to shew, that in some respects they acted from
precedents of administration in former princes; and this, if taken even
in the fullest extent, is insufficient to justify them. Charles, however,
it will be allowed, exceeded every violation of liberty, of which there
had been any example; and when he had consented to reduce the exorbitancy
of the regal power, his conduct created a suspicion of his sincerity.
But on the supposition that he did not advance his authority beyond the
practice of former times, he is not therefore to be vindicated. It is no
exculpation of a crime in one individual, that it has been committed by
others. The advantages of a free government belonged to the people of
England; and they were the proper judges when to enforce their privileges
against an invader. They might pardon in one sovereign what they would
punish in another. They might overlook in Elizabeth what they did not
wish to excuse in Charles. The doctrine of resistance is delicate. In a
free constitution, like that of which we speak, the prince and the people
will often fall into situations where they seem to encroach, or actually
do so, on the rights of one another. But it is never on slight grounds
that the people will be prevailed upon to take arms against their chief
magistrate. After all, had England been an absolute monarchy, Was it
thence proper and just that it should remain in that situation? There are
rights which it is impossible that men can either lose or forfeit. No
authority and no precedent, no usage and no law, can give a sanction to
tyranny.
[34] Lord Clarendon applies to him, with great propriety, what was said
of Cinna, _ausum eum, quæ nemo auderet bonus; perfecisse, quæ a nullo,
nisi fortissimo, perfici possent_.
[35] Bill of rights, toleration act, act of settlement.
[36] L’Esprit des Loix, Liv. xi. ch. 3.
[37] Plut. Vit. Lycurg.
[38] Spencer, Dissert. de ratione Leg. Usuram prohibentis.
[39] Lindenbrogius, codex legum antiquarum.
[40] Conringius de Antiquitatibus Academicis. Bruckerus, Hist. Philos.
Giannone’s hist. of Naples, lib. 1. chap. 10. § 1. and 11. lib. 11. chap.
6. § 1.
[41] Præfat. ad Glossar.
[42] P. 55.
[43] Corvini jus feudale.
[44] See Craig, de Feud. lib. 1. dieg. 5. and Selden’s Titles of Honour,
part second, chap. 1. § 23. Basnage, Coutume reformée de Normandie, tom.
1. p. 139.
[45] Selden. Ibid. Craig, lib. 1. dieg. 5.
[46] This Emperor, says Lampridius, gave the territories gained on the
frontiers, limitaneis ducibus et militibus, ita ut eorum essent si
hæredes illorum militarent, nec unquam ad privatos pertinerent; dicens
attentius eos militaturos si etiam sua rura defenderent. Addidit sane
his et animalia et servos; ut possent colere quod acceperunt, ne per
inopiam hominum vel per senectutem possidentium defererentur rura vicina
barbariæ, quod turpissimum esse dicebat. See also Molin. in consuet.
Paris. tit. 1. de Fiefs, and Loyseau, des Off. lib. 1. chap. 1.
[47] De bell. Gall. lib. 4. chap. 22.
[48] Montesquieu, L’esprit des loix, liv. 30. chap. 2. and 6.
[49] Lib. Feud. 1. tit. 1.
[50] L’esprit des loix, liv. 31. chap. 31.
[51] Tacitus de moribus Germanorum. Cæsar de bell. Gall. lib. 6.
[52] Servis, non in nostrum morem descriptis per familiam ministeriis
utantur. Suam quisque sedem, suos penates regit. Frumenti modum dominus,
aut pecoris, aut vestis, ut colono injungit; et servus hactenus paret.
Tacit. de mor. Germ. cap. 25.
[53] De mor. Germ. cap. 24.
[54] De mor. Germ. cap. 11.
[55] Ibid. cap. 7.
[56] L’esprit des loix, liv. 31.
[57] Mably, Observations sur l’histoire de France, liv. 1. cap. 3.
[58] De mor. Germ. cap. 13. and 14.
[59] L’Esprit des loix, liv. 31.
[60] De mor. Germ. cap. 7. 12. and 14.
[61] Ibid. cap. xi.
[62] Muratori, Antiq. Ital. vol. 4. p. 160. et Seq. Mably, Observations
sur l’histoire de France, tom. 2. p. 96. et Seq. Madox, Firma Burgi, cap.
1. sect. 9.
[63] Tacit, de mor. Germ. c. 13. Spelman’s Glossary, voc. Miles.
[64] Tacit, de mor. Germ. cap. 12.
[65] Hi cuique sanctissimi testes, hi maximi laudatores. Tacit. de m. G.
c. 7. Consult also c. 5. and c. 18.
[66] It is to be wished, that our ingenious Professor had here entered
more at large into the history of property in land. The subject is
important and little understood. The conceptions entertained by the
antient inhabitants of Germany and Gaul concerning property have
been explained and illustrated in a book, intituled, “An Historical
Dissertation concerning the Antiquity of the English Constitution.” The
author of this treatise seems to be the first who has remarked that land
is originally the property of nations, and has attempted to account for
the manner in which it comes to descend to individuals. See his Dissert.
part 1. sect. 3. See also Professor Millar’s valuable work on the
Distinction of Ranks in Society, p. 165. et seq. 2d edition.
[67] Cæsar, de bell. Gall. lib. 4. c. 1. Lib. 6. c. 22. Tacit. de mor.
Germ. c. 26.
[68] Du Cange, Glossarium voc. Juramentum. Georgisch, corp. juris
Germanici antiqui.
[69] Spelman, Gloss. voc. Lada et Ladare. Struv. Hist. jur. criminal.
sect. 9.
[70] L’Esprit des loix, liv. 28. ch. 17.
[71] Georgisch, corp. juris Germanici antiqui, p. 347. and p. 368.
[72] Du Cange, Gloss. voc. Duellum. Spelman, voc. Campus. Selden’s
Duello, or Treatise on Single Combat, ch. 5.
[73] Georgisch, corp. juris Germanici antiqui, p. 980, 1063, 1223, 1267,
1270.
[74] Selden, Analecta Anglo-Britannica, lib. 2. cap. 8.
[75] Brady’s Hist. of England, p. 65.
[76] Mr Barrington has remarked, that “the last trial by battle in
England was in the time of Charles I. and that it did not end in the
actual combat.” Observations on the Statutes, 3d edition, p. 202. The
last instance which occurs of the judicial combat in the history of
France, was the famous one between M. Jarnac and M. de la Chaistaignerie,
A. D. 1547. Dr. Robertson’s Charles V. vol. 1. p. 298.
[77] Tacit. de mor. Germ. cap. 12. and 25.
[78] Lindenbrog. Cod. Leg. Antiq. p. 1404. Tacit. de mor. Germ. c. 21.
LL. Wal. by Wotton, p. 192. 194. LL. Anglo-Saxon, ap. Wilkins, p. 18. 20.
41. Hickes. Dissert. Epist. p. 110. Georgisch, corpus jur. Germ. antiq.
[79] Montesquieu on the Rise and Decline of the Roman Empire. Dr. Geddes,
in his Tract concerning the Nations which overturned the Empire of the
Romans, p. 21.-26.
[80] Selden’s titles of honour, part 1. chap. 5. § 1.
[81] Procop. de bel. Goth. ap. script. Byz. Jornandes, Paulus
Warnefridus, Gregory of Tours. Mably, observations sur l’histoire de
France, tom. 1. chap. 1.
[82] Giannone’s hist. of Naples, lib. II. cap. 4.
[83] Bouquet, le droit public de France, èclairci par les monuments de
l’antiquité, p. 6.-10. Montesquieu, l’Esprit des loix, liv. 30. chap. 6,
7, 8, 9.
[84] Reliq. Spelm. p. 2.-7.
[85] Potgiesser, de stat. servorum, lib. 2. cap. 1. Montesquieu, l’Esprit
des loix, liv. 30. chap. 14. Du Cange, voc. Servus.
[86] Spelman reliq. 12, 14, 248. Muratori antiq. Ital. vol. 5. p. 712.
[87] Brussel, usage des fiefs, liv. 2. Selden’s tit. of honour, part 2,
cap. 1. § 23. and § 33.
[88] Mably, observations sur l’histoire de France, liv. 1. chap. 5. and 6.
[89] Gregor. Turonen. lib. 2. cap. 27. Usage des fiefs, par Brussel, liv.
2. cap. 6. Dissertation on the antiq. of the English constitution, part
3. § 2.
[90] Lib. feud. 1. tit. 1. Hume appendix, 2. Dalrymple, Essay on feudal
property, cap. 5. § 1.
[91] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. chap. 4.
[92] Montesquieu, l’Esprit des loix. liv. 30. chap. 13. Du Cange, voc.
Alod. Schilteri Thesaur. voc. Alod.
[93] Heinnec. Elem. jur. Germ. lib. 3. § 26. Selden’s tit. of hon. part
2. chap. 1. Spelman, voc. Comites.
[94] Ripuar. L. L. tit. de diversis interfectionibus, p. 160, 161. ap.
Georgisch, corp. jur. Germ. Du Cange, voc. Faida.
[95] Bacon’s Discourse on the Laws and Government of England, p. 11.-27.
Monast. Anglican, passim. Mezeray, abr. chronol. tom. 1. p. 172.
[96] Montesquieu, l’Esprit de Loix, liv. 30. chap. 21. liv. 31. chap. 9.
10. 11.
[97] Lib. 1. Feud. tit. 1. Hanneton, de jur. feud. p. 139. Du Cange, voc.
Fideles et Fidelitas.
[98] Mably, Observations sur l’histoire de France, liv. 1. chap. 6. Du
Cange voc. Beneficium.
[99] Spelman’s Gloss. voc. Feodiem. Dalrymple on Feudal-Property, chap.
1. Hume, Append. 2.
[100] Du Cange, voc. Investitura. Spelman, voc. Pares Curiæ. Craig de
feud. lib. 2. dieg. 2.
[101] Bracton, lib. 2. cap. 17. Spelman, voc. Fidelitas, et Seisina.
Fleta, lib. 3. cap. 15.
[102] Spelman, Gloss. p. 266. Feud. lib. 2. tit. 6. Littleton, lib. 2.
chap. 2. Basnage, contume reformée de Normandie, tit. Des fiefs et droits
Feodaux, art. 107.
[103] Coke on Littleton, book 2. chap. 1. Du Cange, voc. Vassaticum.
Wright on tenures, p. 55, 56.
[104] Feud. lib. 2. tit. 23. and 24. Dalrymple on Feud. property, chap.
2. Wright on tenures, p. 72.
[105] Madox, Antiquities of the Exchequer, vol. 1. p. 653. Coke on
Littleton, lib. 2. chap. 2.
[106] Du Cange, voc. Auxilium. Madox, Antiq. Excheq. chap. 15.
[107] Feud. lib. 2. tit. 25.
[108] Bracton, lib. 3. p. 130. Spelm. voc. Escheata. Glanville, lib. 7.
cap. 17. Dalrymple on feud. property, p. 62. Ed. 1757. Hengham Parva,
chap. 6. Coke on Littleton, b. 1. chap. 1.
[109] Craig, de feud. lib. 2. dieg. 207.
[110] Craig, de feud. lib. 1. dieg. 11. and 12.
[111] Ibid.
[112] Ibid.
[113] Reliq. Spelm. p. 3, 7, 33, 43. Gervas. de Tilb. Dialog. de Scaccar.
lib. 1. cap. 7. Madox, Antiq. Excheq. vol. 1. p. 272.
[114] Fortescue de Laud. leg. Angl. p. 99. Ed. 1737. Coke on Littleton,
b. 2. chap. 7.
[115] Carte, hist. of England, vol. 2. p. 169. The reign of Edward I. in
Kennet’s collect. of English historians, p. 197.
[116] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. chap. 8. Madox, Antiq. Excheq. vol. 1.
p. 321, 326.
[117] Madox, hist. of Excheq. vol. 1. p. 51.
[118] Ib. p. 40. 41.
[119] Ib. p. 43.
[120] It may not be improperly remarked in this place, that about the
18th year of Henry II. Geoffrey Martell held in England the office or
serjeanty of Pincernaria, or Butlership. See Madox, hist. Excheq. vol. 1.
p. 50.
[121] Lib. 2. cap. 9.
[122] Feud. lib. 1. tit. 8.
[123] Brussel, usage des Fiefs, tom. 1. p. 41. Du Cange, voc. Cavena and
Canava.
[124] Spelman, and Du Cange, voc. Camera, et voc. Feudum. Craig, de Feud.
lib. 1. Dieges. 10.
[125] Du Cange, voc. Soldata, et voc. Feudum. ædificii.
[126] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. chap. 4.
[127] Du Cange, voc. Gastaldus.
[128] Gibson, Cod. Jur. Eccles. Anglican, tit. 23.
[129] Montesquieu, l’Esprit de Loix, liv. 31. chap. 11. Bacon, hist. and
polit. disc. on the laws and government of England, ch. 59. Inett’s hist.
of the English Church, vol. 2. ch. 2.
[130] Gibson, Cod. Jur. Eccles. Anglican. tit. 23.
[131] Ibid.
[132] Ibid. and tit. 30.
[133] Gibson, Cod. Jur. Eccles. Anglican, tit. 34.
[134] Gibson, tit. 1. and 2.
[135] Father Paul on beneficiary matters, ch. 2. and ch. 6. Selden’s
history of tithes, ch. 4. sect. 1. Spelm. larger work of tithes, ch. 6.
[136] Selden’s hist. of tithes, ch. 6. and 7. Spelm. larger work of
tithes, ch. 29.
[137] De non temerand. Eccles. tract. Spelm. p. 3.
[138] Montesquieu, l’Esprit des loix. liv. 31. chap. 12. Selden of
tithes, ch. 7. Father Paul of benefices, ch. 11.
[139] Father Paul of benefices, ch. 14.
[140] Giannone’s hist. of Naples, b. 19. chap. 4. § 2.
[141] Selden on tithes, chap. 8. Bacon, hist. and polit. disc. on the
Laws and Government of England, chap. 59. L. l. Angl. Sax. ap. Wilkins.
[142] Brady, Appendix to his hist. p. 15. Carte, hist. of England, vol.
1. p. 441.
[143] Selden on tithes, chap. 14.
[144] Carte’s hist. of England, vol. 3. p. 135, 143, 148, 149. Lord
Herbert’s life and reign of Henry VIII. p. 186. et seq. ap. Kennet.
[145] Gibson, Cod. Jur. Eccles. Anglican. tit. 35. Hume, vol. 1. p. 51.
[146] Wood, Institute of the Laws of England, fol. 161. et seq.
[147] Madox, Baronia Angl.
[148] 4. Instit. 268. Scroggs of Courts Baron, p. 56.
[149] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. chap. 12. § 215.
[150] Madox, Antiquities of the Excheq. vol. 1. p. 652.
[151] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. chap. 12.
[152] Ibid.
[153] Coke, ut supra.
[154] Madox, Antiq. of the Excheq. chap. 13. The Statutes at Marlebridge,
ap. Ruffhead, vol. 1. p. 30.
[155] Ruffhead, vol. 1. p. 37.
[156] Glanvil, lib. 9. c. 8. lib. 10. c. 3. lib. 11. c. 4.
[157] Houard, Anciennes loix des François conservées dans les coutumes
Angloises, tom. 1. p. 32. et seq. Craig, lib. 1. dieg. 4.
[158] Bracton, lib. 2. c. 36. Hume, append. 2. Du Cange, voc. relevium.
Spelman, voc. relevamen. Reliq. Spel. p. 32, 33.
[159] Fleta, lib. 3. c. 77. Feud. lib. 1. tit. 1. Dalrymple on feudal
property, ch. 5. Madox, antiq. of the Exchequer, ch. 10. § 4.
[160] Wright on tenures, p. 95. 96.
[161] LL. Hen. 1. c. 1.
[162] Lib. 9. c. 4.
[163] Madox, antiq. of the Exchequer, ch. x.
[164] Ruffhead, vol. 1. p. 2.
[165] Bracton, lib. 2. fol. 86.
[166] Montesquieu, l’Esprit de Loix, liv. 31. chap. 1.
[167] St. Amand on the legislative power of England, p. 27. Montesquieu,
l’Esprit des loix, liv. 31. ch. 8. Dr Robertson’s Charles V. vol. 1. p.
222.
[168] Mably, observations sur l’histoire de la France, tom. 1. l. 1. ch.
5. and 6. Montesquieu, l’Esprit des loix, liv. 31. ch. 9.
[169] Spelman on feuds and tenures. Mably, observations sur l’histoire
de France, tom. 1. l. 2. ch. 3, 4, 5, 6. Montesquieu, l’Esprit des loix,
liv. 31. ch. 28, 29, 30, 31. Houard, anciennes loix des François, liv. 1.
ch. 1. Basnage, coutume de Normandie, tom. 1. p. 146.
[170] See the authorities quoted above, and Selden’s titles of honour,
part 2. chap. 5.
[171] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. ch. 1.
[172] Houard, anciennes loix des François, liv. 2. ch. 1. Du Cange, voc.
Hominium. Spelman, voc. Homagium.
[173] Wright on tenures, p. 154. et seq. Dalrymple on feudal property,
chap. 2. § 2. Millar on the distinction of ranks in society, second edit.
p. 215.
[174] Wright on tenures, p. 172.
[175] Coke on Littleton, lib. 3. chap. 13.
[176] Houard, anciennes loix des François, liv. 3. chap. 13. Coke, ut
supra.
[177] Wright on tenures, p. 168, 169.
[178] Wright on tenures, p. 186.
[179] Fortescue de laud. leg. Angliæ, cap. 44. Glanvil, lib. 2. chap. 9.
Spel. reliq. p. 25, 26. Du Cange, voc. Warda.
[180] Craig, de feud. lib. 2. dieg. 20. Wright on tenures, p. 86. et
seqq. Dalrymple on feud. property, chap. 2. § 2.
[181] Ruffhead’s Statutes, p. 2, 3. Basnage, Coutume de Normandie, tit.
des gardes.
[182] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. ch. 5. sect. 123. Houard, anciennes loix
des François, liv. 2. ch. 5.
[183] LL. Henry 1. c. 1. Bracton, lib. 2. c. 37. sect. 6. Craig, de feud.
lib. 2. Dieges. 21. Du Cange, voc. Maritagium. Glanvil, liv. 7. c. 12.
[184] Wright on tenures, p. 97.
[185] Ruffhead’s statutes, fol. p. 19.
[186] Ibid. p. 6.
[187] Coke’s institutes, part 2. p. 440. Ruffhead, vol. I.
[188] 32 Henry VIII. c. 46. 12 Car. II.
[189] Craig, de feud. lib. 2. Dieges. 13. Dalrymple on feudal property,
ch. 5. sect. 1.
[190] Craig de feud. lib. 2. dieges. 14.
[191] Basnage, coutume de Normandie, tit. De partage d’heritage. LL. Hen.
1. 70.
[192] Dalrymple on feud. property, chap. 5. § 1. Hume, appen. 2.
[193] Hale’s hist. of the common law, chap. 5. Bacon’s hist. and polit.
discourse on the laws and government of England, part 1. chap. 45, 55,
and 56.
[194] Id. chap. 57. See also Tyrrel’s history, and Kennet’s historians.
[195] Glanvil, lib. 7. cap. 3. Craig de feud. lib. 2. dieges. 15.
Dalrymple on feudal property, chap. 5. § 2.
[196] Lib. Feud. 2. tit. 12.
[197] Lindenbrogius, cod. leg. antiq. p. 679.
[198] Dalrymple on feud. property, chap. 5.
[199] Craig. de feud. lib. 2. dieges. 14.
[200] Hale, hist. com. law, chap. 9.
[201] Giannone’s hist. of Naples. Selden’s tit. hon. part 2. chap. 9.
[202] Bouquet, le droit public de France, p. 30.-36.—Allodium, proprietas
quæ a nullo recognoscitur. Tenere in allodium, id est, in plenam et
absolutam proprietatem. Habet integrum ac directum dominium quale à
principio de jure gentium fuit distributum et distinctum. Du Moulin, de
l’ancienne coûtume de Paris, art. 46.
[203] Dalrymple on feud. property, ch. 3. sect. 1.
[204] Lib. 4. feud. tit. 34. Ruffhead’s statutes, v. 1. p. 122.
[205] Gibson, cod. jur. eccles. Anglican, tit. 28.
[206] Kennet’s collection of historians, vol. 1. p. 116. Carte, hist. of
England, vol. 1. p. 469. 555.
[207] Hume, hist. of England, vol. 1.
[208] LL. Hen. 1. cap. 70.
[209] Lib. 7. c. 1.
[210] Glanvil, ut supra. Ruffhead’s statutes, vol. 1. p. 8.
[211] Britton, c. 18. Wright on tenures, p. 163. 164.
[212] Staunford, de prerog. Reg. cap. 7.
[213] An. 27. Hen. VIII. cap. 10. ap. Ruffhead, vol. 2. p. 226.
[214] Madox, hist. of Exchequer, ch. 17. Firma burgi.
[215] Du Cange, et Spelman, voc. Tallagium. Madox, antiq. of the
Exchequer, ch. 17.
[216] Hume’s hist. of England, appendix 2. Madox, Firma burgi, ch. 1.
[217] Ruffhead, vol. 1. p. 115.
[218] An. 13. Ed. I. c. 18. apud Ruffhead, append.
[219] An. 23. Henry VIII. cap. 6. ap. Ruffhead, vol. 2. p. 167.
[220] An. 13. Eliz. c. 7. An. 1. James I. cap. 15. 21. James I. cap. 19.
5. George II. c. 30.
[221] Coke on Littleton, book 1. chap. 2. § 13.
[222] Wright on tenures, p. 186. et seq.
[223] Coke’s institutes, part 2. p. 332. Ruffhead, vol. 1. p. 79.
[224] Coke’s institutes, part 2. p. 336.
[225] Hume’s hist. of England, vol. 1. Carte’s hist. 382, 383, 384, 420.
Brady’s hist. append.
[226] Selden, tit. hon. part 2. chap. 5. § 3.
[227] Ibid. § 8. and 9.
[228] Coke on Littleton, lib. 3. chap. 13. § 703, 709.
[229] Lib. 3. chap. 13. § 720.
[230] Saintgerman, cap. 50.
[231] Bacon, voc. Fine and Recovery. An. 4. Hen. VII. c. 24. ap.
Ruffhead, vol. 2. p. 79.
[232] An. 32. Hen. VIII. c. 36. ap. Ruffhead, vol. 2. p. 296.
[233] Ruffhead, vol. 2. p. 216.
[234] Hottoman. Franco-Gall. Boulainvilliers on the antient parliaments
of France. Fortescue de laud. leg. Angl. cap. 34. 36.
[235] Craig, de feud. lib. 1. dieges. 16. Du Cange voc. Dominicum.
[236] Madox, hist. Excheq. Carte’s hist. of England, vol. 1. p. 423.
[237] Carte, ibid. Hume, append. 2. Madox, antiq. of the Excheq. passim.
[238] Firma Burgi, ch. 4. 5. 11.
[239] Bibliotheca politica, Dial. 5. and 10.
[240] Biblioth. polit. 320. 330. 333. 339. 356. 357. 370.
[241] L’Esprit des loix, liv. 11 chap. 6.
[242] Asser, de Gestis Alfredi. Tyrrel, gen. introduct. to the hist. of
England.
[243] Lib. 3. cap. 9. fol. 107.
[244] Giannone’s hist. of Naples, lib. 11. chap. 2. Hume’s hist. of
England, vol. 2. p. 441.
[245] Dissertatio Seldeni ad Fletam, cap. 7.
[246] Bacon, hist. and polit. discourse on the laws and government
of England, part 2. ch. 1. and 2. The reign of Rich. II. in Kennet’s
collection of historians.
[247] Hume’s hist. of England, vol. 2.
[248] Camden’s reign of Elizabeth, passim.
[249] Wilson’s life and reign of James I. ap. Kennet.
[250] Bibliotheca politica, dial. 11. Bacon, hist. and political
discourse, part 1. chap. 64.
[251] Madox, Antiq. of the Exchequer, vol. 1. p. 197, 198. Baronia
Anglica, book 1. chap. 1. Spelman, voc. Baro.
[252] Brady’s introduction, in append. Baronia Anglica, p. 33.
[253] Selden’s titles of honour, part 2. chap. 5. Baronia Anglica, book
1. chap. 2.
[254] Camden, Britan. p. 122.
[255] Selden, tit. Honour, part 2. chap. 5. § 21.
[256] Baronia Anglica, book 2. chap. 1. Selden’s tit. Hon. part 2. chap.
5. § 22.
[257] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. chap. 8. § 159. Baronia Anglica, p. 164.
et seq.
[258] Coke on Littleton, p. 166. St. Amand on the legislative power of
England, p. 193.
[259] Selden, tit. Hon. part 2. chap. 5. § 27. and 28.
[260] Camden’s Introd. to his Britan. p. 234. et seq. Baronia Anglica.
Selden, tit. hon. part 2. chap. 5. § 29. 30. 31.
[261] Selden, tit. hon. part 2. ch. 1.
[262] Du Bos, hist. critique de L’etablissments de la monarchie
Françoise, tom. 3. 497, &c. Mascou’s hist. of the antient Germans, b. 16.
§ 36.
[263] Spelman’s treatise of Feuds and Tenures.
[264] Selden, tit. hon. part 2. ch. 5.
[265] Selden, tit. hon. part 2. ch. 5. § 10.
[266] Baronia Anglica, p. 150, et seq. Selden, tit. hon. part 2. chap 5.
§ 8. Bacon, hist. and polit. discourse on the laws of England, part 1.
ch. 29.
[267] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. § 135. Selden, tit. hon. part 2. ch. 5.
§ 19.
[268] Robertson’s hist. of Scotland, book 1. p. 68. Essays on Brit.
Antiq. Ess. 2.
[269] Gibson, cod. jur. eccles. Angl. vol. 1. p. 143.
[270] Privileges of the Baronage, by Selden, ch. 2. p. 1537 of the
edition of his works by Wilkins. Coke’s institute, second part, p. 49.
and 50.; third part, p. 26.-31.
[271] Spelman, voc. Armiger. Du Cange, voc. Armigiri.
[272] Selden, tit. hon. part 2. ch. 5. § 33. Camden’s introd. to his
Britan, 242.
[273] Selden, tit. hon. part 2. ch. 5. § 39.
[274] Spelm. reliq. dissert. de milite. Coke’s inst. part 2. p. 593.
[275] Selden, tit. hon. part 2. ch. 5. § 46. Cotton’s posthumous works.
[276] Madox, Firma Burgi, ch. 1.
[277] Madox, Firma Burgi, ch. 2. Ruffhead, vol. 1. p. 4.
[278] Ruffhead, vol. 1. p. 156.
[279] Gurdon’s history of Parliament. Tyrrel’s introduction to his
history. L. L. Anglo Saxon, ap. Wilkins.
[280] History of the common law of England, p. 107.
[281] Biblioth, polit. dial. 6, 7, 8. Hume, vol. 1.
[282] Ruffhead, vol. 1. p. 544.
[283] Spelman, voc. Parlamentum. Hales on Parliaments. Ellys on Temporal
Liberty.
[284] Elsringe, on the method of passing bills in Parliament. Gurdon’s
hist. of Parliament.
[285] Ruffhead’s preface to the statutes.
[286] Kennet’s English Historians, vol. 2. p. 587, 606. Carte, vol. 2. p.
828. Hume, vol. 2. and 3.
[287] Lord Bacon’s life of Henry VII. ap. Kennet, vol. 2. p. 612.
[288] Irish statutes, vol. 1. p. 23. Coke, 4. instit. chap. 76.
[289] Irish Statutes, p. 48.
[290] Irish Stat. vol. 1. p. 143.
[291] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. ch. 11. § 172.
[292] Bracton, lib. 4. cap. 28.
[293] Reliq. Spelm. 251. Barington on the statutes 270. et seq. Gurdon’s
hist. of Court-Baron and Court-Leet, p. 573.
[294] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. chap. 11.
[295] Lib. 2. § 194.
[296] Littleton, § 187, 188.
[297] Littleton, § 174.
[298] Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. ch. 11.
[299] Cap. 42.
[300] Wilkins, Leg. Anglosax.
[301] Formulare Anglicanum, tit. Grants and Manumissions of Villeins.
[302] Hickes. dissert. epist. p. 13. et seq. Brady’s hist. p. 82.
Fitzherbert’s natura brevium, p. 187, 189, 190. Cowell’s interpreter,
voc. copiehould. Coke on Littleton, lib. 2. chap. 11.
[303] Carte, hist. of England, vol. 2. p. 844. 845. 846.
[304] Fitzherbert’s natura brevium, p. 28. Kitchen on Courts.
[305] Coke on Littleton, lib. 1. chap. 8.
[306] Madox, Hist. of the Excheq. vol. 1. p. 295. Cowell’s Interpreter,
voc. Demaine. Spel. Gloss. voc. Dominicum.
[307] Bacon’s discourse on the Laws and Government of England, part 1.
chap. 16.
[308] Tyrrel’s general Introduction to his Hist. of England. Hume,
append. 1.
[309] Spelm. Gloss. voc. Comitatus, hundredus, et trithinga. Tyrrel’s
introduction to his Hist. Carte’s Hist. vol. 1. p. 310. Spelm. life of
Alfred. Gurdon’s Hist. of Court Baron and Court Leet.
[310] Gurdon’s hist. of Court Baron and Court Leet. Cowel’s Interpreter,
voc. Frank-pledge. Bacon’s Discourse on the Laws and Government of
England, part. 1. chap. 23.
[311] Bacon, chap. 24.
[312] Bacon’s discourse on the Laws and Government of England, chap. 25,
26.
[313] Dugdale’s Origines Juridiciales, chap. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.
[314] Madox, Hist. of Exchequer, chap. 1.
[315] Madox, Hist. Excheq. Dalrymple on Feudal Property, ch. 7. § 1.
[316] Dugdale, orig. Jurid. ch. 25. 26. Nicholson, præfat. ad leg. Anglo.
Sax. Du Cange, voc. Duellum et Juramentum. Spel. voc. Campus et Judicium
Dei. Muratori antiq. Ital. Dissertat. 38.
[317] Stiernhook de jure vetusto Sueonum et Gothorum. c. 4. Dissert. on
the antiquity of the English Constitution, part. 4. § 4.
[318] Mirroir des Justices, chap. 2.
[319] Tacit. de Mor. Germ. c. 21. L. L. Wal. p. 192. 194. L. L. Anglo,
Sax. ap. Wilkins p. 18. 20. 41. Hickes. dissert. Epist. p. 110.
Lindenbrog, p. 1404.
[320] Selden’s tit. of Hon. part 2. ch. 5. Hume, vol. 1.
[321] 1 Inst. 76. Bacon on the Government of Engl. p. 75. Saltern de
antiq. leg. Brit. c. 8.
[322] Spelman on Feuds and Tenures. ch. 6.
[323] Taylor and Somner on Gavelkind, and Harris in his Hist. of Kent, p.
457.
[324] Spel. gloss. voc. Burghbote et Brughbote.
[325] Tyrrel’s Introd. p. 120. Spel. Reliq. p. 22.
[326] Dr. Brady’s Glossary to his Tracts, p. 3. Spelman on Feuds and
Tenures, p. 17. and 18.
[327] Madox, Hist. of the Exchequer, vol. 1. chap. 10. § 4.
[328] Spelm. on Feuds and Tenures, chap. 21.
[329] Wright on tenures, chap. 2.
[330] Hale’s hist. Com. Law, chap. 5, and 7.
[331] Bacon’s hist. and polit. discourse, chap. 44, 45. &c. Tyrrel’s hist.
[332] LL. Anglo Saxon, ap. Wilkins, p. 228. Wright on tenures, p. 66.
[333] P. 69.
[334] LL. Anglo. Saxon. ap. Wilkins. Wright on tenures, p. 72.